skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
i think the point is that your first foreign language is harder to learn because you are unfamiliar with the idea and the process. the time and effort it takes can be demotivating.

once you learned one language, learning others should be easier because you have overcome that first mental challenge.

introducing esperanto as that first foreign language should provide some early success that motivate the students in their language learning.

that's the theory anyways. we do need some more studies to verify that.

any second language makes it easier to learn a third one.
This TIOBE index is absolutely hilarious. First it hits you with "The index can be used to check whether your programming skills are still up to date or to make a strategic decision about what programming language should be adopted when starting to build a new software system." Then it says the index is built from counting the query `+"<language> programming"` in search engines. Is this why we can't have nice things?
I presume you're aware, but for those reading along at home, this technique is called a "threaded" or "direct threaded" interpreter. Last I read, the BEAM virtual machine (used by Erlang and Elixir) translates arrays of opcodes to arrays of jump addresses at code load time.

For a time, outputting direct threaded code was a popular implementation technique for native code compilers.

I suspect that for many languages, what you really want is a compact SSA distribution format, and at program / library installation time, compile each extended basic block to a block of size-optimized blocks of strait-line native code. Functions would compile to stubs that pass arrays of basic block addresses to a common dispatch loop. In effect, you get a direct-threaded interpreter, where each "opcode" is a piece of strait-line native code from the application. Each basic block would need to set a known register to the address of the next basic block. In other words, the code would be compiled to native continuation-passing-style.

This provides the basis for a very low-overhead tracing JIT for native code. When a profiling timer triggers, the signal handler can walk the stack and perform some hot code detection heuristics. If a hot section is detected, the handler can perform on-stack replacement of the dispatch loop return address with a tracing version of the same. Once a hot loop is detected, the SSA form for each of the involved basic blocks can be stitched together and passed to an optimizing compiler. This would give you the fast start-up of size-optimized native code along with the long-term profile-optimized, cross-library-inlined-and-optimized code of a high performance JIT. The main downside would be the on-disk storage size of keeping both compressed SSA and size-optimized native code.

Alternatively, I could imagine processors with built-in support for native code tracing and optimization. If a trace register was non-zero, then every conditional or indirect branch would store the effective branch target at the location pointed to by the trace register, and increment the trace register by sizeof(size_t). If the trace register were equal to the trace limit register, or a performance timer had expired, then the CPU would trap to a userspace handler indicated by another register. Though, I think you'd need the threaded interpreter version of the idea to become popular before CPU manufactures started to consider the hardware supported version.
In the UK a lot of infrastructure (e.g. energy, fixed-line telecommunications, railways) is run by for-profit companies that are heavily regulated by the government, but the service to consumers is provided by separate for-proft companies (sometimes owned by the same group who controls the infrastructure) which compete on price and the service they provide.

From a consumer point of view this is good, as you have a choice over which provider you use. On the other hand the actual service you get is going to be the same from either provider, taking internet as an example, if you use the common infrastructure the speed you can get will be the same from all providers, and the only difference is in price and artificial limitations like data usage. Maybe electricity is a better example, as the electrons you receive will be exactly the same no matter which provider you use.

Although the infrastructure is run for-profit, there is only so much than can be done on its own. The government regulations also limit upgrades, as they favour spending on underserved areas. This means even if you live in the most remote part of the UK you can probably get broadband internet (>1mbit), but in major cities you are getting much slower speeds than what other parts of Europe can provide (often no more than 70mbit).

Most of the infrastructure was inherited when it was privatised 20-30 years ago, so all they have really done is run the infrastructure rather than build it out. A good comparison is mobile telephone infrastructure, which in the UK is exclusively owned, built and run by for-profit companies with minimal government oversight.
I work in a small team. I occasionally find a thing or wrong in my teammates code. But instead of changing things I simply talk it out with them. Requesting them to try the change also ensures that they've their sense of ownership. It has worked nicely for me till now.
Holding people's money is highly regulated for a reason.

It protects both parties.
SIPC, not SPIC which is an ethnic slur.
Connect a Device to AWS Through a MachineQ Gateway Run-Through
I use an iPad for most of my reading. I purchase often on Amazon because of the convenience. I use Windows on my gaming computer and a Mac for work. I Googled a French toast recipe to make my 4 year old French toast this morning.

I can’t imagine quitting all of these companies, although I don’t use Facebook since I don’t see the utility. I don’t think these specific companies that I do use are particularly nefarious or definitely not anymore than my insurance provider, local grocery stores company, car manufacturer (I own a ‘12 Elantra), mortgage servicer, etc.

Crapping on them or making them some kind of evil monsters appears to be the rage these days. I saw an article in the Washington Post about Amazon selling facial recognition to law enforcement, as if Amazon was literally part of some plot to strip Americans of their civil rights. On the other hand, companies like Lockheed Martin have billion dollar contracts with foreign governments who actively bomb civilians.

IMO it’s a combination of a bunch of fake or otherwise misplaced outrage but I digress.
Loved the article and no criticisms towards it, but hate all the highlighted keywords. Made it really hard to scan the page because the grey blobs just grab my eyes and won’t let go.
any second language is a stepping stone to later languages. by the time you learn latin and then french, you might as well have learned french directly and then german or chinese.

esperanto is different because it is easier to learn, so instead of taking years to mastery, you are done in a few months, and teachers can focus on proper learning techniques without fearing that students get demotivated because it takes so long. then you can apply those techniques to the next languages and hopefully come out ahead
FWIW, NeWS PostScript [1] and Emacs MockLisp [2] were also fore-bearers of Java, in the sense that James Gosling created them before creating Java, and applied a lot of what he learned from their mistakes and experience to Java.

[1] https://medium.com/@donhopkins/the-shape-of-psiber-space-oct...

[2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8727085
Yup, it's completely transparent and customizable for those folks who want to mess around with it, but it's abstracted away so that 99.9% of people will never have to think about it as something other than a single money bucket.
> Good organizations value good ideas, irrespective of who thought of them.

Ideas with only upside and no downsides may be trivially executed. The problems come with ideas where costs are certain and up-front, while benefits are medium-to-long term, and the transition may carry risks of its own. Big changes and ideas usually are disruptive and the best organizations may still struggle to pull them off.

In my experience even in good organizations people may have different assessment of what's a good idea precisely for these reasons, and getting people aligned behind such changes is what leadership is all about, and does need patient groundwork.
There are plenty of FDIC insured savings accounts in the 2-2.5% range...
Had they launched a product, sure. But this was mere talk about a future product which they've decided "to retool" after scrutiny.

No one was harmed here. This is fine.
URINE INVINCIBLE LETTERS FROM CONCENTRATION CAMP
I think, that is a bad argument, but a good practice. Always have the devs fix their own mistakes, so that they can learn from them.
A used ebook marketplace is looking unlikely to ever happen
Purdue University President tells how he’s kept tuition from rising
Cockroach Labs:2018 cloud report-AWS offered 40% greater throughput than GCP [pdf]
THE Steve Russell? The one who wrote the first Lisp implementation?
Insightful comment, thank you!

I would like further to say, as I said in another comment, Cyphernomicon is one of the most valuable document worth to read, an amazing collecting of farseeing ideas. The widespread of data breach, privacy-invading computer systems and software, tendency of authoritarianism and mass surveillance in the digital world, how Internet will change whistleblowing, and even cryptographic ransomware were predicted.

They got a lot of things correct. But many great ideas are still not implemented. I'm listing a few that I really want to see and use today...

* In Tim May's Cyphernomicon, two concepts are of great significance: anonymity, AND reputation. The most common argument today against anonymity is, "how can you trust these people", but the problem has been answered early: you build a system and community based on reputation. Unfortunately, nowadays, only the first part of the vision, anonymity, is partially implemented, but there is almost no deployed reputation/identity system.

There are some of them, e.g. Web-of-Trust based, blockchain-based, Reddit/Hacker News karma, but I think we still don't have figure out a system that implements May's vision. I really want to see something similar to the Cyberspace in True Names or Ender's Game... Currently the best approximation is just 4chan + Reddit + Second Life + Tor, or perhaps OpenBazaar and BitNation?, which is not very interesting.

And of course, there are reasons. If you attach an identity to anonymity, it downgrades to pseudonymity. Having a long-term pseudonymity is very dangerous, once you have leaked ~30 bit of entropy, your anonymity is basically finished. Another hard problem of reputation is Sybil Attack.

* Dining cryptographers, or DC-net, a revolutionary anonymous network by David Chaum, which eliminates correlation attacks and information-theoretic secure. Cypherpunks saw the Onion Routing of Cypherpunk Remailing can be written in an afternoon of Perl hacking, it shouldn't be hard to perfect the system and move to DC-net within the next 5 years.

But the hard problems of DC-net has been overlooked, one non-cooperative participant can DoS the entire network. The solution is the construction of a BLAME protocol for kicking out malicious nodes out. I think we just managed to solve most of the problem with a functional prototype, DISSENT, in 2015 (20 years later!!). Until a practical network has been engineered, DC-net is still like One-Time Pad, good on paper but not useful in practice.
Explaining Explanations in AI
How Vintage Game Controllers Worked
Wouldn't SPARK (and Ada) be better suited for WebAssembly than rust? Because SPARK is built to be formally provable and Ada being pretty damn safe?
that would be an obvious yes because esperanto is easier than spanish.

but also, dutch is similar enough to english that learning spanish will not help you much at all, other than that third language effect which can be had with any other language too.
You wouldn't rather live on the NV side, given the tax savings?
If you're writing a toy/exercise, sure, have fun, I support that. It's part of developing your skills and thinking about software.

If you're writing infrastructure, please don't. (e.g. Firefox ... or the toolchain itself)

I'm one of those guys with no particular interest in Go 2. I really have plenty to work with already.
As per Cockroach 2018 benchmarks AWS offered 40% greater throughput than GCP, that too at a significantly lower cost. In their benchmark Price per tpmC for AWS was $0.02 compared to $0.05 for GCP.

Posting this as general opinion seems to be that GCP generally provides better performance than AWS. Looks like things are changing with new AWS instance types and improved AWS Nitro System.
However those unproven license are toxic.

I've cancelled the mongodb standardization in the big company I work for specifically to avoid them.

The only sane way for a cautious company to use those vaguely licensed software is the proprietary one. That's the intent of this artificial grey area.

And as a consumer I try to avoid proprietary software whenever possible. License management is a huge pain.
> How about ask before you start promoting them? You think a couple phone calls with SIPC wouldn't have disabused them of the notion?

Why is that supposed to be necessary? The government is more than capable of telling you if it's a problem, and if it's not a problem -- which is the default -- it would only waste resources on the part of everyone.

What I suspect may have happened here is that the traditional banks soiled themselves when they saw the announcement and started calling around to see who they could get to put a stop to it.

The head of the SIPC essentially said as much in the article: "This has gigantic ramifications for the banking industry." As if his role is to save the mortgage banks from competition.

> I had started toying with Robinhood; I immediately pulled everything I've got back out. They aren't trustworthy custodians.

Presumably they're SIPC insured. :)
> this was mere talk about a future product

Which is why something between slap on the wrist and massive fines is in order.

The FDIC and SIPC work through public trust. When a broadly-marketed consumer product sets a precedent for degrading that trust, it causes real harm. Robinhood grabbed users through marketing this affiliation and gained tangible value from it. The last thing we need is the next growth hacking scheme involving falsely marketing trusted affiliations before pulling the product, customer lists in hand.
I don't know.

This line from the SIPC CEO

...I have serious concerns about this. This has gigantic ramifications for the banking industry.

makes me thing that this is precisely what it is. "We don't want to let you do this easily because the other banks can't compete."
TIL banks didn't exist before the FDIC existed.
maybe, but you are appealing to the wrong crowd
The Debasement Puzzle: an Essay on Medieval Monetary History (1997) [pdf]
I would say the first half is great, second half is terrible.

It is a lot of fluff and meandering, but the dialogue are just too good, and I still enjoy them.

Some people have recommended reading "I am a strange loop" as a basically more mature and better written version of GEB.
https://imgur.com/gallery/NoEi9

Probably SFW :-)
http://web.archive.org/web/20170620023155/http://www.drb.ins...
One thing I wish would happen: create a nice, asthetic, smooth way for a smart student to go from the two-slit experiment to QED/QCD [in 2-3 years], while having clarity what the input parameters are in the model (=needs to be measured), what is predicted by the model (=this comes out and is measurable), where an approximation is being made, what the current spacetime model is assumed to be, etc. Also, a mathematician should be able to look at this "journey" and approve that it's not too handwavy.

Given that there's "not much to do", it's weird that there isn't a 1% group somewhere out there who thinks this is worthwhile.

Context = I studied particle/astro physics 15 years ago and then "dodged the bullet" as the OP nicely puts it. I felt the way we were taught modern phsyics was quite poor/handwavy, esp. once the cross was made to QFT territory, and led to a lot of misunderstanding/confusion, which I still see in comment threads today, incl. between academics (!). Also, when I speak to mathematicians about this, they deeply disapprove of the way physics is taught/run today in this respect, and can routinely point to misunderstandings/confusion that hinders progress.

A good example (but probably too mathy) is the work of Tamas Matolcsi: `Spacetime without reference frames` and `Ordinary thermodynamics`.

https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&tex...
Very interesting topic. Does anyone have any personal experience with it? If yes please share.
And while I appreciate good updated content, I still insist that the _publish_ date should not change. In your case, the publish date ought to be many years ago. The _updated_ date, however, may be re-written with those refreshes. Content should include both (when applicable) and indexes should reflect this.
> Why is that supposed to be necessary?

If I say “I’m insured by AIG,” I actually need to be insured by AIG. It’s not AIG’s job to tell me I’m lying. SIPC coverage isn’t automatically granted. Robinhood already has SIPC coverage through their brokerage products; this is abundantly clear to everyone there. Whether through fuck-up or will, they ignored a clear regulatory line.
> You can't run your code on a users computer without respecting the other three freedoms, and the AGPL goes even further and says you can't even run it on your own computers

Absolutely wrong for the gpl, which is a distribution license, not a usage license. This is a well established fact.
Intelligence is not the most important quality.

Indulging Gates's appetite for monopoly has set back progress in computation by, literally, decades. Every application program coded for MS-DoS and, later, MS Windows, took several times the time and attention as if it had been developed for well-designed platforms of each era.

Imagine what we could have had, had not the best of each generation beat their brains out on Microsoft's wall, just to get the most basic features to work just well enough to ship. Imagine where we would be without a whole generation in thrall to Java, which took off solely because it was the only hope of ever getting off the Microsoft treadmill.

We have had progress this past decade because of the shift to actually-competing iOS and Android ecosystems, and multiple server-side platforms. We could have had it twenty years earlier, were laws on the books governing monopolies enforced as written.
Another thing that likely influenced James Gosling at Sun was Mitch Bradley's Forthmacs / Open Firmware FORTH system, which was eventually used in the Sun, Mac and OLPC boot PROMS and hardware device firmware.

James and Mitch both worked at Sun and were friends at the time, and Mitch ported NeWS to the Amiga, the first NeWS port to other hardware than Sun's. I think he used his FORTH system on the Amiga to load and run it, and provide networking and a remote file system over a serial port. (Mitch uses FORTH for EVERYTHING!)

At the time, Sun was shipping 68K, i386 and SPARC systems, and they needed a way to make hardware cards with built-in platform independent drivers in PROM, so they used FORTH byte code.

Not all FORTH systems necessarily implement platform independent byte code, and Open Firmware also had a built-in assembler and native primitives, but the device drivers on hardware card PROMS restricted themselves to the device independent bytecodes and portable features.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Firmware

>Open Firmware, or OpenBoot in Sun Microsystems parlance, is a standard defining the interfaces of a computer firmware system, formerly endorsed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It originated at Sun, and has been used by Sun, Apple, IBM, ARM and most other non-x86 PCI chipset vendors. Open Firmware allows the system to load platform-independent drivers directly from the PCI card, improving compatibility.

>Open Firmware Forth Code may be compiled into FCode, a bytecode which is independent of computer architecture details such as the instruction set and memory hierarchy. A PCI card may include a program, compiled to FCode, which runs on any Open Firmware system. In this way, it can provide platform-independent boot-time diagnostics, configuration code, and device drivers. FCode is also very compact, so that a disk driver may require only one or two kilobytes. Therefore, many of the same I/O cards can be used on Sun systems and Macintoshes that used Open Firmware. FCode implements ANS Forth and a subset of the Open Firmware library.

>Open Firmware furthermore defines a standard way to describe the hardware of a system. This helps the operating system to better understand its host computer, relying less on user configuration and hardware polling.

>Being based upon an interactive programming language, Open Firmware can be used to efficiently test and bring up new hardware. It allows drivers to be written and tested interactively. Operational video and mouse drivers are the only prerequisite for a graphical interface suitable for end-user diagnostics. Indeed, Apple shipped such a diagnostic "operating system" in many Power Macintoshes.
Since you link to Wikipedia, you missed one that given the title seems more obvious - but which counters your opinion:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_creation#Credit_theory_o...

> The fractional reserve theory where the money supply is limited by the money multiplier has come under increased criticism since the financial crisis of 2007–2008. It has been observed that the bank reserves are not a limiting factor because the central banks supply more reserves than necessary[19] and because banks have been able to build up additional reserves when they were needed.[20] Many economists and bankers now realize that the amount of money in circulation is limited only by the demand for loans, not by reserve requirements.

> ...

> Banks first lend and then cover their reserve ratios: The decision whether or not to lend is generally independent of their reserves with the central bank or their deposits from customers; banks are not lending out deposits or reserves, anyway. Banks lend on the basis of lending criteria, such as the status of the customer's business, the loan's prospects, and/or the overall economic situation.
I have a 1Mbps uplink and was a remote developer. We did not use "heavy collaboration tools" to my knowledge, but we did do plenty of videoconferencing and google chats. It was fine.

It is annoying to upload large files, which was a task I virtually never had to perform.
I did and I know the author says "actually it is a terrible advise" but he also continues to soften his statement
> it's okay to do human testing because we can save million of others " ?

We still do wars
Mongodb are not trying to stop their destruction.

They want to bring millions to their investors.

If they were less cash hungry they would move slower, of course, but without selling proprietary software.
This is a ridiculous strawman as it relies on an equation of social and economic systems before the 1930s to today, but despite that, it's a bad strawman given that the FDIC was created in direct response to restore faith in American banks after the Great Depression.

I'm all for fintech, but I'm not for blind trust in startups looking for hypergrowth as it relates to consumer protections.
Sounds good, as long as the public isn't expected to cough up the funds for their research. Otherwise, don't blame the public for wondering if the LHC was worth the cost.