skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Sum types for example have an abstract representation that must be resolved at runtime (for pattern matching).

Indeed, but that's plain tagging, which is basically an int and not the same thing.

"callvirt" is basically doing a virtual method lookup in a vtable. It's still at runtime, but we are talking about OOP polymorphism now and how late binding works. Languages with type classes don't need that either, but that's a separate discussion and note that I still like OOP.

> C# also doesn't need reflection to resolve types

No, the developers do, because the language is not expressive enough to express generic pieces of code without losing type info, so you need reflection for constraints (e.g. "new T" or "instanceOf" checks) and runtime guards for downcasting.

Classic example: express a "sum" function that works on any Array<A>.

And note that what F# is doing to solve this particular problem is a hack to workaround both the lack of higher kinded types and of type classes and that does not interoperate with C#, since it requires "inline functions" which are doing type erasure (and it's a big and ugly hack, speaking of ML, because inline functions are no longer values ;-)).

> C# bakes the concrete generic types into the generated IL.

Of course, but that too is part of the problem.
#incluide "/etc/passwd" ?
They were originally aiming for 100km, and at early space tourism conferences (about a decade ago) would point out that other competitors (e.g. Lynx, at the time) weren't actually going to 100km so couldn't claim they were going to space (they would do this reliably, and to the growing annoyance of the audience who didn't want audience-question time hijacked for Virgin PR, e.g. in a Q&A panel that had a Lynx team member onboard, a virgin person would always ask a question like 'Just to confirm, you're not flying above 100km, the altitude at which space starts?').

However, the performance of Spaceship 2's engines has fallen short of the original design goal, making it incapable of reaching 100km, so they are now using a different definition of Space for PR purposes.
From the report linked elsewhere: "2 .18
Applicants have to progress through a number of recruitment stages to join the
Army, including medical, psychometric and fitness testing. In the first six months of
2018
-19, half of regular soldier applicants took up to 321 days to complete the recruitment
process, from submitting their application to starting basic training (
Figure 6
). There is
a wide range in recruitment times, with some applicants completing the process a
lot more quickly. For example, 16% of applicants took fewer than 200 days but 27%
took more than 400 days (
Figure 7
on page 26). Applicants have encountered delays
throughout the process, with long waits for medical records to be obtained from their
general practitioner and then checked. These recruitment times also include around
100 days between being allocated to initial training and actually starting, although this
can vary widely depending on the applicant’s circumstances and the availability of
training courses."

Ironically the process is slowed down by the failure of some other government IT disaster, this time to do with medical records.
Arm has already announced crypto-processors, which I assume aren't very expensive. Every chip maker could use one as an HSM now.

https://developer.arm.com/products/system-ip/security-ip/cry...

https://developer.arm.com/products/system-ip/security-ip/cry...
That has been for a long time: the equity Yahoo Inc. held in Alibaba was for a long period worth more than Yahoo Inc. itself.
> JavaScript makes it easy to build nice websites at scale

> build nice websites at scale

> at scale

What? Might as well mention ML & blockchain while we're at it.

If site is not interactive, it doesn't _need_ JS.

If it does need JS, it more than likely needs _sprinkles_ of it.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/fionamcmillan/2018/08/11/how-bl...
Disabling ad tracking is not going to change how they scan all the file contents and categorize them using AI. It might be even more effective for them than tracking you on web.
The huge red page of KPIs on page 30 is quite the thing.
Nothing out of the ordinary there. And the compiling user is not permitted to read /etc/shadow.
What happens when packages go bad?
Your last point is spot on. NHS did it with Spine 2.
It's impossible to judge from the information in the article whether this is an absurd and unjustifiable waste of money or not. It doesn't tell us anything about the requirements, only that the project was to build "a website".

https://motherfuckingwebsite.com/ is a website. Facebook is also a website. Spending £113m to build Motherfucking Website is insane; spending £113m to build Facebook is a bargain.

As other commenters here noted, we can easily imagine extremely complicated requirements. The backend requirements for a "recruitment website" for the military might include all sorts of background checks, including pulling criminal records and automatically trawling social media for content posted by candidates and doing NLP analysis on it to detect warning signs of extremism. There might be some sophisticated proprietary analytics portal for monitoring the effectiveness of marketing campaigns. And while there might be a good writeup elsewhere on the web on what exactly this project consisted of, and I'd welcome relevant links, based purely on the content of the article we just don't know.

Calling it a "website" without giving any hint of the requirements makes it sound like the army paid £113m for the digital equivalent of a recruitment brochure, yet I seriously doubt that's the real story here. I'd expect HN commenters to be more skeptical of these kinds of portrayals, rather than uncritically accepting the media narrative.
That sound really interesting, I'm sure there are lots of subtleties to working for the armed forces that wouldn't become apparent to an outside contractor that would come in even if it was for multiple years.

Also these big contractors would usually customize existing (CRM) products to deliver these projects, many of them may not be a good fit.
> “Did you fucking do this?”

That sounds like Kim in a factory posing as important. You have to wonder if he even knew what "this" was.
How to work with suppliers on Amazon
Nope, its been years since I last used a friend's Owncloud server. Has it improved?
This is Google's version of Amazon Prime right?
Compared to all the other stuff that gets puts on websites these days most sites wont notice.
I think it's akin to "the set of all sets which do not contain themselves".

EDIT: My favorite is more "the town barber who shaves all men in town who do not shave themselves".
Ask HN: What are interesting uses of VR? (includes self-created list, Dec. 2018)
Dear VR,

It's been a few years. I haven't seen you too much on Hacker News, but that is probably just me. I've seen more about blockchain hype, which I think is a bit odd since I had to do some serious mental gymnastics in order to see valid uses for it. With you I never had this problem.

So I decided to write you this letter and see how you're doing. I've seen some pretty cool things, admittedly mostly via YouTube. I think it is fair to say that you are already doing useful things, albeit a bit niche. I wonder if HN knows about a couple of cool things that you are up to. What apps, games or other cool experiences do you have?

Sincerely yours,

Mettamage

P.S.

1. Creating 3D sculptures with Tilt Brush [brush]

2. Light saber dance battles (similar: Box VR) [saber]

3. Teaching surgeons how to do medical procedures

4. Google Earth [earth]

5. Skyrim VR / Budget Cuts [sky]

6. Amazing video experiences

7. Video/narratives mixed with mini games [nar]

8. Home decoration

9. Drone assisted VR flying

10. Horror experiences

11. Thrilling experiences [thrill]

12. Collaborative blackboard / whiteboard drawing

13. Empathetic experiences (e.g. living like a color blind person)

14. Emergency training (e.g. escaping a building on fire, car crash in water)

15. Virtual doll house type of experiences [doll]

16. Escape room games

---

[brush]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eXwIyZ-H8o

[saber]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5E97a-vKJ7o

[earth]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMpXQ_XjPWY

[sky]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAnivVI7258

[nar]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sb1efNYhkGI

[thrill]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4M92kfnpg-k

[doll]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WntrqX_bg_Y
The most interesting (IMO) part from the full report https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Investigat... Looks like it's not entirely the fault of Capita, but the Army's overall approach was flawed:

The Army initially attempted to develop the IT infrastructure

The Department approved the Programme on the basis that the Army would use its existing IT infrastructure to host the online system. In 2012, the Department was therefore responsible for developing the IT infrastructure to achieve this. Capita was responsible for developing the new online system. As we reported in 2014, the Department encountered problems with the delivery of the IT infrastructure, and
deadlines were repeatedly missed.

The main problems were that the Department:
• Had to manage a relationship between two providers who had no contractual relationship with each other;
• Underestimated the complexity of what it was trying to achieve and, consequently, the resources required to manage the risks; and
• Had an Army project management team that was inexperienced and under-resourced.

The Army originally intended to introduce the new online recruitment system by July 2013. In December 2013, it accepted that its approach had not worked and passed responsibility for implementing the whole approach – the hosting infrastructure and the online recruitment system – to Capita. The Department’s Accounting Officer accepted that the failure to manage the dependencies between the Atlas and Capita contracts
was ‘unacceptable’.

Capita took responsibility for developing the online system.

Capita initially intended to use an ‘off-the-shelf’ commercial system but underestimated the complexity of the Army’s requirements. It found the level of customisation needed to support the three Armed Services’ recruitment processes meant that an off-the-shelf system was not a viable technical solution. In February 2015, it therefore began to develop a new bespoke system.

Capita then encountered problems developing the new application and missed launch deadlines in July 2015, April 2016 and April 2017. The main problems involved the scale of the three Armed Services’ processes and requirements, and the number of interfaces with other IT systems. For example, the Armed Forces have over 250 job roles, each with its own eligibility criteria and rules, which means a new Army candidate can have 27 possible pathways through the recruitment process. Capita told us that these requirements made system development more complex than standard online recruitment systems.
Off-topic.

Does anyone know how I can convert AST into stream of bytecodes? Are there any good example language implementations to learn?
As I said when the Yahoo data breach was uncovered, Verizon was should've reduced the acquisition deal by billions or even scrap it altogether. Instead they only reduced it by $350 million from $4.8 billion. Dumb.

Either way, I'm actually happy with this outcome, because for one Yahoo was destroyed due to its data breach and allowing the NSA to put backdoors on its servers, and second Verizon said it's getting out of the content business.

That can only be a positive for all Verizon customers, because Verizon being involved in the content business only meant more and more spying on its customers' web behavior.

Hopefully we'll see more such cases where the value of companies suffering major data breaches is reduced to almost nothing. Maybe that will change the industry's thinking about data security and data collection a little bit.

I've also long argued that governments as well as corporations should see data collection as a liability. So that when a data breach happens and everyone's data is exposed, they should be fined into near-bankruptcy. However, if they minimize data collection and they encrypt the data they do gather in such a way that even the companies themselves can't access it (end-to-end encryption, fully homomorphic encryption, etc), then they should be immune from such fines. I figure that would swing the pendulum towards companies minimizing the reckless "all they can get" collection of users' data.
Strange analogy, surely it would have to be ripping off a product called ‘Microsoft One’
Well, the support is pretty decent in evergreen browsers (and it already was for a while), and in case of electron, you have precise control over your runtime, so it's not really a problem. Also many engines have already done quite substantial optimizations for handling wasm modules in combination with JavaScript. It's all done with backward compatibility in mind, so what works today will continue to do so.
A different position is the primary meaning of "opposite". It does not necessarily mean "contrary".
In my experience, that's not usually a requirement. From an implementation perspective, you just say 'this certificate is the root' and trust it explicitly without needing access to the key on the HSM. From a security perspective, adding the ability to set your own key is a risk (adds RW storage to a previously immutable system, changes the model from 'no one ever sees the key' to 'no one ever sees the key as long as it was written correctly and any non hsm stored copy is deleted'), and doesn't really improve the security of the system - you trust the HSM manufacturer already, seeing as it's their hardware.
You had a moment of stupidity, stop trying to blame Google ui designers for it.
Google introduces extra controls into its Chromebook
The study is specifically of native Icelander's, between 1800 and 1965.
In US, if you receive large quantities of cash in some transaction, you're generally required to report the identity of the counterparty (e.g. form 8300 https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f8300.pdf or others depending on line of business). Keeping that cash deal anonymous would be illegal.
No shit.

AdapTV and Brightroll were like 90% fraud last time I looked at it.

Yahoo!'s sponsored search is also.... particularly special.
Okay, apparently I totally didn't notice the release of PDF 2.0 a year ago, even though I was working a lot with PDFs at that time. Also, this new version is an ISO standard that costs 198 CHF to download, so I hereby predict that it is basically dead in the water, since few people will bother implementing it. The new features also don't seem very interesting, and from what I gather the spec is still backwards compatible despite the major version number increment.
>asking you your tolerance level, as if we were all running around getting high for the last 20 years with illegal and consistent reliable sources

If the question is that ambiguous, then your answer is simply "no tolerance."
Since this is about computing at the edge, I was wondering if anyone had an opinion on the intel neural compute stick 2?

I got one recently and I am not convinced, but I suppose someone on HN might have legitimate use cases.
What a nonsense statement. Would you rather this project just not exist at all rather then use a technology specific to chrome?

It's like saying because an app using the Mac touch bar is Mac only is a terrible thing. It's not. It's how platforms work.
The 3 Lists I Use to Organize My Life
I’ve been running my Windows 10 desktop this way for a while.

Prepare for a lot of nags about logging in to a Microsoft account.
They tried to do e2e encryption with Allo, then they integrated all the crappy smileys from it to their other messagong products, and got rid of Allo.
The scary thing is that in theory they don't have ads on messaging, but if it would be true, they would have gone farther with e2e
It would be pretty interesting to make an Ethereum based Tontine system
This is a ridiculous claim. It might be less accurate than other options (although I doubt that), and misses some genetic features (repeats, insertions, translocations or deletions), but there's a huge distance between that and "a horoscope based on your demographic information".
Yay for at-will employment laws... :-(

> Over the previous year, he had been living out of a suitcase, putting in 13-hour days, seven days a week.

This story is a good reminder not to do this. The company will usually not return the favour, you rarely get properly rewarded for crazy hours, yet it has a major impact on your health (both mental and physical) in the long run. Not worth it.

> It was not a 9 to 5 company. People were already working hard; now Musk was implying they needed to do more.

No wonder things were going to shit. Nobody can do good work if they don't get enough rest and have too much stress.

> Three months after that, it would report profits of $312 million, well beyond Wall Street’s expectations.

How much of this money did the employees get for all the overtime they were forced to work?

> Tesla, ... that some aspects were “overly dramatized,” “abbreviated,” and “ultimately misleading anecdotes that completely lack essential context.” ... “Elon cares very deeply about the people who work at his companies. ...

For the sake of everybody working for him, I really really hope this is true and not just PR firefighting and that the story misrepresented what actually happened. I'm not convinced, based on Musk's twitter outbursts and such, but I still hope this story is mostly false.
> a very uncomfortable place

Like the back of a volkswagen?

> In an interview with the student newspaper, the student decried, "I didn't think it would work!"

This reminds me of an interview with RMS[1]

Our way of dealing with kids coming in over Arpanet was to socialize them. We all participated in that. For example, there was a command you could type to tell the system to shut down in five minutes. The kids sometimes did that, and when they did we just cancelled the shutdown. They were amazed. They would read about this command and think, surely it’s not going to work, and would type it—and get an immediate notification: ‘The system is shutting down in five minutes because of . . . ’

We grow up with a lot of rules, and many people learn that the rules have no real force this way. You can literally do anything. The real question can become, would anyone want to be friends with someone who would do anything? We are social animals, so this idea should be important.

Looking around the Internet, it seems like most people never "get it" though...

[1]: https://newleftreview.org/II/113/richard-stallman-talking-to...
They would need to compartmentalize their services to win me back. Some tracking I'd accept but I don't want them to aggregate my 'whole life'.
If insurance companies wanted genetic testing data they wouldn't bother trying to do a messy data join with a third-party database, they'd just make it a requirement to provide a swab/saliva sample for testing when you signed up.
Oh it's been done https://tontinetrust.com/
What's wrong with it being another WordPress site if it does the job?
$3k Bug Bounty – Twitter's OAuth Mistakes
What metrics to track to measure team performance and give quality feedback
An example is the Chinese word 海军 which an intermediate learner would recognize as “ocean army” and a beginner learner might recognize as something to to with water and maybe vehicles. Whereas in English the word Navy gives no indication to its meaning, only its prononciation.
Wow, capitalism (& employement obviously) is shit. What a surprise!
Thank you HN to sharing this and reminding us that our great leaders are geniuses but bad to us in the same time and we should get on with it.
Some people survive such falls but they typically require extensive surgery and long hospital stays. They often suffer serious long-term cognitive or physical deficits. It's not a fun way to survive.
As many companies have discovered, it's better to cannibalize your own market share with your own new cheaper product than let other companies eat your market share. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDrMAzCHFUU&t=4m28s
People often complain that a photographer has objectified a particular subject whilst forgetting that cameras objectify everything that they capture regardless of the intention of the photographer.

What makes photography interesting is that a photo tells you everything and nothing about a subject.

Nothing shown in any photograph is real because you're looking at an impression of reality at a single moment in time.
It strikes me that many very successful people are incredibly smart and driven but seem to have the emotional maturity, or personal introspection, of a 10 year old. Maybe it's just a necessary combination for this kind of success, but it's also a bit paradoxical. Case in point: buying 5 mansions in Bel Air when you spend all your time at work, literally sleeping under your desk. Another is insisting on burning the candle at both ends by sleeping 4 hours a night, when it has been proven beyond doubt that it's extremely counter-productive to do so, both in terms of mental ability and overall health.
I thought it was a new phone.

After reading the top comment I realised it was a new version of drive and apps.

After reading the link I now realise it's not even anything.

It's just plain old Google with a new landing page at one.google.com.
Absolutely, I think nowadays the question should be: 'does it still support Python2?' (it does btw)

My question is to you is, would you be so kind to open an issue to decribe the failure on https://github.com/vaexio/vaex/issues ? Please share which OS, which Python distribution (anaconda maybe) and/or the installation steps and error msg.
This was a great piece, but I found it funny that there's a bug in the very first line of code mentioned:

/* 65536 locations */
uint16_t memory[UINT16_MAX];

Spot the leak.
GTM used to load async, but they wanted to support A/B testing.. If you aren't using A/B testing then you would get perfectly good performance by using the older GTM snippet, it will just continue to use bandwidth at these 15 minute intervals. Even then it probably will only test the hash to see if the container changed..

This seems to me like one real problem that is pretty trivial to fix leading to a lot of over tuning for some kind of ideal.. and then being stuck if you need to support anything else.
Giving birth after 35 (in this case 37) is statistically more risky than offspring from first cousin's. A third cousin is much more distantly related than a first cousin, your first cousin has a pair of the same grandparents as you, your third cousin shares a pair of your Great-great-grandparents.
I basically agree with you, but my behavior is not consistent in regards to Google and privacy: I use Fastmail, DuckDuckGo, use Firefox containers for Google (and FB and Twitter), use Siri, etc. But, I have put all my pictures on Google Photos (used to be Picasa) since they rolled out the service and I buy a bulk of entertainment from Google Play movies/books and use GCP. So I do let them track me in some ways.
The assets have many lines of commented out code and comments like the ones I mentioned:

https://apply.army.mod.uk/Content/Scripts/custom/RoleFinder....

I'm not calling out the developers, but I would suggest many people here would not allow chunks of commented out code in the projects they work on. It suggests poor use of source control, meaning the site won't be maintainable and will have to be replaced. Of course it's likely this is because of conditions placed on the developers by their managers, those are the people I'm taking issue with here.

I'm just miffed off that as a UK taxpayer we're on the hook for this. Again. If I'd paid for this site personally I'd be upset.
Arca Space advertised the use of hydrogen peroxide, at least for some of their launches a while ago:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCA_Space_Corporation