skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Thank you, yes, that's what I meant- I dont' know physics (well, very little) so the OP's comment left me confused and I didn't realise there's a technical meaning of "frame of reference". It doesn't help that, in the case of the theory of epicycles and the location of the Earth in space, the technical and colloquial term can mean the same thing.

"I'm not that kind of geek" is a bit of an in-joke so my bad for using it where the context is missing, but I thought it would work even so. The missing context is that a colleague used to tease me for my deplorable lack of a science background, although we did hit it off in terms of our fantasy and science fiction tastes. So, I was not the science kind of geek, although I was the science fiction and fantasy kind of geek.
It's not the gamma rays that kill you. In particular even with a supernova strength source, it's unlikely that the gamma rays would even have enough energy to get through the atmosphere to the point of meaningfully heating the ground. However, they would butcher and greatly change the atmosphere which, in turn, is what kills you - probably through a mechanism of massive amounts of UV and other high energy radiation now happily making its way down to us. As an example, a gamma ray burst is one possible hypothesis for the Ordovician extinction.

Best case for survival would be to become multiplanetary. In particular the conditions that would be created would be survivable by the exact same technology that will be the baseline for human colonization on Mars.
PHP has had optionally typed function parameters and return values since the late 5.x releases I think (current release is 7.3). Types are checked at runtime and throw TypeErrors if the declared types are violated. They can also be checked ahead of time by IDEs with code inspection such as PhpStorm.

The 7.4 release is adding typed class properties as well[1].

I maintain a ~75k LOC PHP codebase (using the Laravel framework), and we have almost never encountered type issues. The new style of PHP (and Javascript is heading in a similar direction tbh) is to write it almost like it's Java, but with the option to fall back to dynamic "magic" as needed. If you utilize the dynamic elements sparingly, and following widely understood conventions, the productivity-vs.-reliability tradeoff is highly favorable for many applications compared to languages like Java and C#.

P.S. I like Python, but I would argue PHP actually has a better story to tell about types these days. "While Python 3.6 gives you this syntax for declaring types, there’s absolutely nothing in Python itself yet that does anything with these type declarations..." [2]. Declaring types in a dynamic language only to have them ignored at runtime does not inspire much confidence.

1. https://laravel-news.com/php7-typed-properties

2. https://medium.com/@ageitgey/learn-how-to-use-static-type-ch...
Thanks for the updates. I have contributed to related discussions on GitHub for several years, but I haven't been able to keep up with all the issues.

> fwiw I find the sanity fish brings to process substitution with sane tokenization and automatic escaping of shell substitution output to be a huge boon to productivity over writing in (ba)sh.

I completely agree, this is why I would much prefer to use fish for scripting when feasible. I'm glad to hear that the scripting is being improved.
Crisis in our national parks: how tourists are loving nature to death
"First, "mistreating the market" isn't a thing"

It's clear what Apple and other app stores do. They are a market that makes plenty of money, and they mistreat it. There are losses of revenue over this mistreatment, and that should be actionable. Wether it is or isn't is a matter of law, but law doesn't cover what is and isn't right.

"Your post shadows the fact that you disagree more broadly with removing child pornography because of collateral damage. To be totally frank I find that line of argumentation viscerally disgusting."

That's a strawman. By that logic if I say taking down the internet because cp exists on it, is bad, then I'm defending it. I'm saying that tumblr is going on a spree of mass deletion to appease apple, not in any targeted manner to the initial problem, being that of cp found on their site. I'm saying that all platforms have this, and targeting tumblr for it in this improper way, removing the app, is doing far more harm than good. If Apple cared about solving the problem of cp they'd get in touch with Tumblr and tell them effective methods they should impliment that are fair with other apps, and if they don't do it, then they'll remove tumblr app. Instead, now those who were using Tumblr to share cp will take to a different site, instead of facing repercussions.

If anything Apple could potentially be interferring with ongoing investigations of cp by their lack of cooperation. I think that form of illigal activity goes above the grain of just throwing things into chaos to set examples.
If someone pours gasoline over everything, but someone else lights the match, why do we put all the blame on the match lighter? Building flammable homes right next to super dry, brush filled forests is just an invitation for disaster.
I wonder why they haven't developed compatibility with the S3 protocol.
If it wasn’t for your people, my people would starve on Christmas.

https://www.npr.org/2017/12/25/573415894/why-do-jewish-peopl...

:-)
This

> Its revelation that multinational corporations, including some of the most prestigious brands in the United States, had been making illegal contributions to political parties not only at home but in foreign countries around the world would later be described by Ray Garrett, the chairman of the SEC, as “the second half of Watergate, and by far the larger half.”

Is in reference to this:

> the Multinational Corporation Subcommittee of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; the Senate Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee; the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy of the House Committee on International Relations; and the President's Task Force on Questionable Corporate Payments Abroad

See: http://www.djcl.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/FOREIGN-BRIBE...
The Church committee and related investigations, reforms, etc were a direct consequence of the main Watergate scandal.
Ask HN: Amazon “inadvertently disclosed your email address”?
Received a very strange email just now (actually 11:08pm EST) which came from no-reply@amazon.com and Gmail says passes all DKIM and SPF.

The subject is:

Important Information about your Amazon.com Account

The entire body is as follows;

Hello,

We’re contacting you to let you know that our website inadvertently disclosed your email address due to a technical error. The issue has been fixed. This is not a result of anything you have done, and there is no need for you to change your password or take any other action.

Sincerely,
Customer Service
http://Amazon.com

—————

Has anyone else received something like this? The lack of any context, remediation, scope, etc. makes it almost seem like it was sent in error.
Neutrinos pretty much don’t interact with anything, including other neutrinos. Black holes are singularities, which arent intelligent, nor meet any definition of life.

Dark matter... well given that we can’t even describe what it is, I’ll pencil that in as “maybe.”

Regardless, all of this is pointless speculation with no evidence to support, nor even inform this line of thought. One might as well be arguing about a pinhead’s carrying capacity of noncoporeal entities, the nutrient value of unicorn meat[0], or flat earth geography.

[0] While the meat itself is superficially similar to horse meat, it’s unfortunately poisonous due to the Unicorns’ Unfortunately, there’s none, due unusual biochemistry involving arsenic, lead, and polonium.
What about the Federal government for cutting the funding for existing CA fire programs?

Funding was cut last year and boom we have back to back years of fires.
Disclaimer: I barely survived the Camp Fire, with all the credit to our neighbors for letting us know.

That's a chick-little, strawman and blame-the-victim argument. The issues are:

1. PGE likely started the fire. They should be held responsible for this specific incident, not passing the buck to ratepayers or anyone else.

2. PGE is corrupting and coopting liability when it needs to pay the penalties for its actions, not pass the buck. This is separate from 1. because it indicates a greater decay of liability and they're insulating themselves to gradually become an untouchable mafia.

3. In order to get 2., removing SIG, PAC and large private monies, and all those who benefit from them, from politics is imperative.

4. Paradise is a tiny town that doesn't do a very good job with code enforcement. My mom had to mobilize the neighbors to get an abandoned propery's owner to mow their 7 ft tall, dried weeds and remove fire other hazards like an abandoned house with a tree crashed through it, but then the institutionalized owner later allowed a random tree-trimmer to dump dozens of piles of pine sawdust and logs on that property. SMH.

5. "Regulations" aren't an uniform obelisk to scapegoat that you implied. One regulation maybe advantageous or harmful uniquely to each and every affected group, depending. So don't even start spreading the tired, libertarian, utopian refrains like "If only there were no regulations, markets solve everything," which is utter horseshit. Regulations can and do work but only if the governed demand it and refuse to allow the rich and their corporations to have their way.

It's the POLR for most former/current homeowners to move to where professional town managers exist rather than deal with small-town incompetence like the bumblers in Paradise or Butte's Sheriff Kory's flimsy excuse for not activating the EAS, which likely caused the needless deaths of hundreds of disabled and elderly people.
I see extremely few people listening to anything that's not in-flight entertainment on flights.

I bet it's mostly kids watching youtube videos.
What does it mean that some of their shares are valued at $0? Is this typical? I'm not too familiar with the details of acquisition accounting
Ham Operator Bootstraps Company Using Cognitive Radio for Marine Communications
I don't think you need to drill tunnels. That hasn't happened (much) in London, yet there's been a marked improvement in the core service over the last 20 years.

London's network is older and has smaller tunnels. It also only has single tunnels in each direction (so if a train breaks down the whole line stops).

The difference is that the network has had steady investment under single management for a prolonged period. Londoners have suffered through closures for engineering work, but ageing systems have been upgraded and gradually the benefit is being felt.
> fire insurance is untenable

How do the insurance companies afford to insure places like in Florida and the lower East Coast, which seem to keep getting hammered with hurricanes year after year, getting worse year after year? And... can they keep up this pace? Apparently in 2017, fires "only" cost insurance companies ~$14B, out of ~$132B paid out. The majority was caused by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria. 2017 was the 2nd costliest year on record in terms of natural disasters (have to wait for '18 numbers released in Jan). So why is fire insurance untenable while hurricane ins. isn't?

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-insurance-aon/2017...
We're not doing fine.

"New York’s Second Avenue Subway cost $2.6 billion per mile... The approximate range of underground rail construction costs in continental Europe and Japan is between $100 million per mile, at the lowest end, and $1 billion at the highest. Most subway lines cluster in the range of $200 million to $500 million per mile."

https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2018/01/why-its-so-ex...
I once was at a dev meetup and the speaker asked who in the room used FOSS. About 25% raised their hands.

So, in other words, about 75% did not know what FOSS means or have no clue what software they're using.

I was about to say that, you know, it's probably not necessary to know what FOSS means in order to just do your job, but no, it actually is necessary. If you want to use a library, you need to have at least a basic idea of what its license means.
I’m not sure how you can establish a “clear chain of decision-making” for public spending that doesn’t involve the public. At the very least, when the Grand Administrator for Public Transporation Spending in the Greater Tri-State Area is standing for re-election, or when the elected officials who appointed the Grand Administrator are up for re-election, this becomes a political issue and hence there is an incentive for one side or the other to get their point of view published in the media, so why not get out there ahead of time?

Anecdotally, it sure seems to me like one of the biggest political issues in, say, the UK is whether the NHS is over or underpaying staff, whether they will have more or less money under Conservative policies or Labour policies, and so forth.

The US has multiple levels of mutually distrustful and uncooperative governments, and at many of those levels, high levels of direct democracy especially when it comes to budgetary issues. So there is some waste there.
Did you experience a revolution firsthand? Learned something from it?
How could you publish an article like this without any actual pictures? What she looks like is 90% of what I’m curious about.
I don’t want to beat the author up too much- the over application of CASE tools in the 90s was a real thing, and I have less than fond memories of being forced to use a VPL when it really wasn’t the appropriate solution.

A good professional programmer will feel (and in fact be) constrained and slower by a VPL. That’s frustrating and likely a misuse of resources. I just think the author missed the point that VPLs generally aren’t for “us”, they are for people who something else for a living.
Back in the 90s there was some work on "region-based memory management", which is kindof this. The type of every function that allocates memory is parameterized on a region to allocate it, and the type of every value is tagged with the region it was allocated in. It's then possible to use something similar to the Hindley-Milner algorithm to infer what the regions should be. At the point when Hindley-Milner would generalize to make a polymorphic type, you know that the corresponding region variable is no longer "leaking", so you can insert the operations to allocate/free it.

http://www.elsman.com/mlkit/pdf/toplas98.pdf
Very interesting read about Trilogy, as someone who worked at Trilogy/pcOrder as their first job out of college.

They were recently advertising for 300k/year architects, I didn’t know the current business model was based around a global workforce.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen_insensitivity_syndr...
Why does there have to be 'one' great filter... I think it's more a 'tiered' system... I mean on any given planet getting to eukaryotes is difficult..once you do, you've made it past 'a great filter'.... onto the next...

Everything in life is a battle to survive - even evolution. I don't think there even being a great filter means that we necessarily wouldn't pass through it... -- I guarantee you there's a great filter...if we never become space faring this world will die -- the sun will supernova. If humans survive to that day, and never leave the solar system then all life here will be snuffed out... If we do survive eons past the end of this solar system at some point the entire universe could contract, entropy could run out and all life would be snuffed out...

On a long enough time line -- everything in this universe will be filtered out.
How much does employee #38 make from his/her vested equity these days? I understand this is a very nosy question, but nonetheless having one more datapoint on the financial outcome from an early employee in a company that exited at ~$1B would be valuable. It truly couldn’t get better than that (assuming the funds were raised at ok-ish terms), so I assume your number must be in the multiple 7 figures at least!
I am pretty much always going to throw a cut of meat on the grill or in a pan on the stove. This action brings the food up to a temperature where it tends to kill/denature a lot of the bad bugs in the food.

I'm likely to just rinse off an apple or lettuce, which may or may not successfully clean the food.
Does this mean that she can no longer be considered a diversity hire for university positions?
This reads like a hit piece. Yuck.

The author's previous article is titled "Facebook Betrayed America". Here's a nugget from this one:

But what did Sandberg expect when she hired a Republican opposition-research firm?

Immediately after, Sheryl is quoted saying she had no knowledge of hiring Definers.
I am in the same boat so I dug some more and here is a list of easy tickets : https://code.djangoproject.com/query?status=!closed&easy=1
The military doesn't want such people anymore. Most recovering addicts can't pass current physical, mental, and educational standards for recruiting. But some kind of non-military jobs program would be helpful.
Zuckerberg won’t step down as Facebook chairman
Can you explain why wild fire insurance is not tenable? Here in Canada all home insurance include wildfire insurance.

All insurers have to do is to pool risk and diversify across geography. No way only California has homes near forests? There’s also reinsurers to pool even more risk.
France is ditching Google to reclaim its online independence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_know_it_when_I_see_it

Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart: "I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description ["hard-core pornography"], and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it, and the motion picture involved in this case is not that."

There are things that we understand in practice, but fail to objectively define. That's because pornography is a social idea that changes on circumstances. 'Artistic Pornography' is when the pornography has an artistic value. An artistic value is when the intentions of the art is to depict more than the sex. Typically portraying love, acceptance, insecurity. A medium which is meant to create emotion, a story that doesn't necessarily have to be told through words. That has much more artistic value.

Tumblr had quite a few artists that would depict these things very well.

But really when I said that I meant porn that's well made. Problem being that people lump all porn together, and it's just not the same things. Videos on the front page of Pornhub vs manga with some romantic sexual relationships for example.
That is a nonsensical comment. All big cities are mostly blue, and all countryside is mostly red. That has nothing to do with this.
11-year-old almost boarded Delta flight at Atlanta airport without boarding pass
Well, Japan privatized rail in the 90s, well after the majority of the rail was built using billions of dollars of investment by the Japanese government. So I don't know if it's really correct to call this a success of privatization, considering that the major costs were basically socialized.
Going out on the C++ support side, embedded have to bad C++ support, for many bad reasons.

People tend to think C++ have much higher runtime needs that C, but used right it's usually lower, specially if you use C++-11 or even C++14. There compilers can make smart stuff that allows you to do much more in compile time and gains much in runtime. There is a few nice talks about this at CppCon including Michel Caisse.

Imho the main reason is that embedded hardware chip vendors have two goals that kinda makes only supporting old C, e.g. pre c99 viable.

1) They get money on there own, or a partners toolchain, that isn't evolving as alternatives, keeping up with standards are hard.

2) They optimize the time for code to first boot time. The demo factor, not how the products work in CI/CD chain, the preformance of the code on the final product. How easy it is to get started in the sales meeting is more important.
A DNA test can say no such thing.

One test said "2.978 percent African", and she thought she wasn't Black. (2.978%? Three decimal places, really?). Another test said 23% and she thought she was. (23%? So that means like one grandparent? Not really, it's unclear what the "percentage" means or if it even means the same thing from one company's test to another. It means something like "23% of your DNA, the parts we look at, matches some reference sample, that we got from somewhere." What does THAT mean though? What does "matching a reference sample" _mean_ in terms of where your ancestors were from? How has that been validated? And many companies don't even reveal their statistical methods.)

Or maybe it was "0 to 58%".

These "ancestry results", despite being expressed with five significant digits, are scandalously unscientific and of unclear meaning. It is not even clear what "percentage of your ancestry from Africa" _means_. You think people didn't move around and have children with people from all over until the 20th century? Cause they did.

If your great-great-something grandparent lived in what is present day Greece, but THEIR parent was born in what is present-day Egypt (or vice versa; either would be fairly unremarkable)... and you want to know what "percent Greek" your "ancestry" is, like that even means something? Like your DNA could somehow even reveal that great-great-something was born in what is now Egypt but their parent was born in what is now Greece? It can not. All of this is based on a weird fantasy/mythology of being able to separate people into historically continuous categories which remain stable over generations, that just isn't any kind of scientifically or historically justified.
Can't have hobos hanging around the shiny new HQ's.
Break up Facebook (and while we're at it, Google, Apple and Amazon)
`sl` -- makes you feel better about mis-typing `ls`!
Was it a good radio station? How was their programming?

btw, 23's an interesting number. I'm sure you've noticed too.. maybe similar to this page http://www.crystalinks.com/23enigma.html
In forumations of FEP, there are two terms: cost and ambiguity. Minimisation of this combined term happens in a Bayesian optimal way. So you don't have to explicitly code weights for exploration and exploitation.

Although what you do have to code is prior preferences, and since it is a distribution, you implicitly code the range of those preferences. But once you do that the FEP, algorithm figures out when to collect more data to build a better model and when to use the existing model to get near the prior preferences.
CA inmate confesses to being a serial killer responsible for about 90 deaths
I remember when he campaigned for whistleblower's rights and repealing 'bush era spying'...
So typical big city problems don't have to exist, for the most part. Interesting.
Hope it doesn't affect my gigabit fiber here in northwest Kansas.
> Any attempt to solve the problem locally in a "humane" way has a high risk of just attracting more folks in the same circumstance to the area.

I thought this too, but it turns out that despite San Francisco's relatively high expenditures on homeless, only 10% of the homeless population was living out of state at the time they became homeless. (http://hsh.sfgov.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/2017-SF-Poin...)
>> So as soon one civilization will pass the filter - it should help others to pass it....

unless neither civilization knows 'when' the great filter is...and continues to expect it's in the future... this could cause fear of each other... fear leads to the dark side...

Interstellar war probably isn't good for the less advanced civilization. Let's hope when the time comes we're not the less advanced civilization...or the other one will become our great filter..

The great filter also could be a predatory civ that snuffs out any sign of life after they find it. For this reason many civs could be afraid to do anything to draw attention.