skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: Book which comprehensively covers probability theory?
My background is in computer science and I'd like to learn how probability theory is applied.

I was reading the GraphSLAM paper to get a sense of the algorithms used for SLAM purposes in robots. While reading it, I realized that I have a tenuous grasp on probability theory, especially on topics like covariance, conditional probability and multivariate distributions (even things like what posterior probability represents).

I'd like to rectify this and gain an intuitive understanding of the subject, since it is commonly used in numerous areas of engineering.

I dislike books that introduce fully formed theorems with no derivation or proof of how they came into existence. Which comprehensive book(s) can I read?
What article? This appears to be a link to a subscription signup landing page.
Absolutely.

In my area older folks are leaving 30-40 year old suburban tract homes that needs roofs, hvac, etc and moving to condos in or near the city.
This is also true of California in general [1] although I'm not sure if it holds for specific CA cities (I think it does, though).

[1] https://lao.ca.gov/laoecontax/article/detail/265
This reminds me of the study showing that a component of coconut oil can delay alzheimer's onset by years. There need to be more studies done with traditional remedies.
How I designed the database schema and pseudo coded my second SaaS, GhostiFi
I'd rather have a competent doctor than either of those.
I usually keep a simple text file with names like 'notes.txt' or 'notes-project_reboot.txt', especially for projects that I work on intermittently. Many times these notes files disappear into the past, as these projects get abandoned.

But when I want to revisit a project that I'm going to prioritize, these notes projects are really helpful. They let me quickly get back into the mindset I had when I was last working on the project. They're usually a mix of technical notes, a really simplified collection of issues, and notes about where I might go with the project. When I do revive an old project, one of my first steps is usually to start up a new notes file and copy over only the most useful notes from the old file.
In practice, your editor's indentation will alert you to the compiler's interpretation of the pattern match.
Infinity has odd properties and there are multiple infinities. See: The Aleph and Beth infinity series.

For example, the natural numbers are infinite. They are aleph-null. The ordinal numbers are also infinite. They are aleph-one. Even thought both are infinite, aleph-one has more elements than aleph-null.

This is the realm of set theory and started with Georg Cantor.
"The study, which was also a randomized clinical trial, tracked participants for an average of five years. The volunteers took icosapent ethyl, which is sold under the brand name Vascepa and was developed by the Amarin Corporation, which funded Bhatt's research."

Because if they spun the study as a success, the funders of this study, a pharmaceutical company, wouldn't be able to promote their drug.
If you're interested in what you can do with this (without being there to observe the screen), here is a list of payloads written by others:

https://github.com/hak5darren/USB-Rubber-Ducky/wiki/Payloads
Exactly.

Excel is so much more than tabular data. It is a directed acyclic graph, a functional, reactive programming lanaguage with immutable data structures, and a display layer for the results of your computation.
No, you have the stoners pour beer and don’t let them handle cash. The people who handle cash don’t handle beer.

It’s a fairly typical internal control for that type of operation.
I have my doubts on omega-3 supplementation as the amounts typically are not enough to change the omega-3:omega-6 ratios, which has been shown to have a big effect on hazard ratios for CVD. It looks like this study was for 1g of fish oil and there were no controls on dietary intake, so IMO the results aren't surprising.

I'd recommend that anyone interested in the health benefits of eating healthier... look into eating healthier. I really dig Marty Kendall's work on https://nutrientoptimiser.com/
Your example is a strange one. A line graph showing time (x-axis), percent CPU utilization (y-axis) would very readily show you a single host as an outlier well above the rest.
Does anyone know of a vitess equivalent for Postgres? I’d love to use it
which database?
Kids these days...

I am sure there were kitchen conversations even under Stalin, but to far less extent -- most conversationists ended up in some unpleasant places.
And one who doesn't just happen to sell the thing she just told you you need.
It will become a positive feedback loop.

Autonomous private busses, with routes auto-calculated based on the start and end point that passengers enter via smartphone, will take cars off the road.

Cars off the road will speed up those busses, making them more attractive.

Etc.
Thanks for the question. I have been interested in distributed systems for a long time but so far haven't got a solid material.
Please don't cross into incivility.

Please also follow the site guideline which asks: "Please respond to the strongest plausible interpretation of what someone says, not a weaker one that's easier to criticize. Assume good faith." There are plenty of other ways to interpret that "we".

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
Tech workers seeking an edge on peers turn to all-meat ‘carnivore diet’
Have you seen the video?
if there is any doubt, there is no doubt
Can’t comment on the Bay Area, but I’m familiar with Los Angeles and Portland. In my experience, there isn’t actually much intermarriage between races. And the intermarriage that does take place tends to follow very specific patterns: Asian woman + white man, white woman + black man, etc.
The usual solution to that kind of interop issue is to use wrapper modules and functions.
There's a cost to exercise? Walking, running, and jumping jacks are free.
Then you are just forcing your application to deal with the dangling reference in the case of a failed "transaction". The whole point of TPC is not to have to deal with that complexity.

Whether that complexity is actually difficult to deal with is a whole other question, I could easily believe that for some applications it's not but apparently for Dropbox it's worth implementing TPC to avoid dealing with it.
Those are some really good points. As for being motivated a good one that isn't mentioned is determination not to fail. That one has the effect of cutting the fat and going down higher yield paths.

What I need, on an individual level, is to be able to get things done faster. It's a weird industry sometimes because you can work hard on something and find out later there was a much easier way. But how much time do you spend looking for the right path to head down before you put your head down and start coding? I hate the idea of working hard and happy on something when there is a much better way that I don't know about or even worse, that I ignored.
No one would have thought that way about Microsoft in the 90s.
I always used to think it was terrible, just based on the name.

Then I read the actual documentation, and I felt like it was what I had been missing before.

Now I just need to find a decent implementation.
Many of those are ruled out as modern successors (in my mind, at least), when they continue to make “the billion dollar mistake” (to use its inventor’s own words[1]) of null references.

Rust, Zig, Kotlin, Swift, and many other modern languages can express the same concept of a null reference, but in a fundamentally superior way. In modern languages like these, the compiler will statically guarantee the impossibility of null dereference exceptions, without negatively impacting performance or code style!

But it goes beyond just static checking. It makes coding easier, too: You will never have to wonder whether a function returning a reference might return null on a common failure, vs throw an exception. You’ll never have to wonder if an object reference parameter is optional or not, because this will be explicit in the data type accepter/returned. You’ll never have to wonder if this variable of type T in fact contains a valid T value, or actually is just “null”, because the possible range of values will be encoded in the type system: If it could be null, you’ll know it and so will the compiler. Not only is this better for safety (the compiler won’t let you do the wrong thing), it’s self-documenting.

It blows my mind that any modern language design would willingly think nullable object references is still a good idea (or perhaps its out of ignorance), when there are truly zero-cost solutions to this — in both runtime performance and ease of writing code, as you can see for example from Zig or Kotlin.

[1] https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Null-References-The-Bill...
Urban Area Cost-Of-Living as Big Tech Moats and Employee Golden Handcuffs
Adding abstraction over MySQL is not novel. Facebook did it many years ago https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/atc13/atc13-b...
2000 iu per day is well under the recommended dose per this 2014 study published in the journal Nutrients:

http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu6104472
This is a good introduction to a topic that very little is generally written about, and is practically useful to few people outside operating systems and compilers - and compilers usually use someone else's linker, although they still need to know about relocations, fixups, external linkage schemes etc to generate workable machine code.

If you squint a bit, there's a continuum between image-based languages like Smalltalk and Lisp (optionally), where allocations persist across restarts, and linkers, where the memory "allocation" happens at compile time and is only used at runtime, through to smart linkers, which closely resemble the marking and compacting phases of a simple garbage collector. The compiler needs to advertise its roots, pointers and pointed to targets to the linker so that relocations can work. Even fixups, the micro language that the linker needs to evaluate when resolving symbols, has analogies with restoring an image - any non-persistable references need to be restored.
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C#'s async/await sucks compared to Go's approach.
I chanced upon the Google office during my first trip to NYC a few weeks ago.

I was surprised that it was so enormous - do they actually occupy the whole thing? It's basically an entire block.
So internally Apple knew their cables wasn't as good as Anker?
What could be the fastest way to recompile TypeScript that also monitors for file addition and deletion?

So far I'm having a decent experience with pm2 monitoring for any changes or additions of files to restart a ts-node instance but it does make you wait a few seconds or else nginx throws a 502 when the ts-node is still restarting.
JIRA gets a lot of hate from people because they have experienced colleagues/managers trying to use it to manage everything when all that is needed is a bug/feature tracking system. So basically it gets turned into a 'task tracker' when all the devs want is a 'bug tracker' with the result being that a) reporting on tasks becomes more important than doing the tasks, and b) the bug/feature tasks get lost in the noise.
One of the largest observational studies done, the PURE study (large, epidemiological cohort study of individuals aged 35-70 years (enrolled between Jan 1, 2003, and March 31, 2013) in 18 countries with a median follow-up of 7·4 years (IQR 5·3-9·3). Dietary intake of 135 335 individuals was recorded using validated food frequency questionnaires) includes statistically significant all-cause mortality data and is the best controlled for study yet.

Here are the abstract results: Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with an increased risk of total mortality (highest [quintile 5] vs lowest quintile [quintile 1] category, HR 1·28 [95% CI 1·12-1·46], ptrend=0·0001) but not with the risk of cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular disease mortality. Intake of total fat and each type of fat was associated with lower risk of total mortality (quintile 5 vs quintile 1, total fat: HR 0·77 [95% CI 0·67-0·87], ptrend<0·0001; saturated fat, HR 0·86 [0·76-0·99], ptrend=0·0088; monounsaturated fat: HR 0·81 [0·71-0·92], ptrend<0·0001; and polyunsaturated fat: HR 0·80 [0·71-0·89], ptrend<0·0001). Higher saturated fat intake was associated with lower risk of stroke (quintile 5 vs quintile 1, HR 0·79 [95% CI 0·64-0·98], ptrend=0·0498). Total fat and saturated and unsaturated fats were not significantly associated with risk of myocardial infarction or cardiovascular disease mortality. INTERPRETATION: High carbohydrate intake was associated with higher risk of total mortality, whereas total fat and individual types of fat were related to lower total mortality. Total fat and types of fat were not associated with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular disease mortality, whereas saturated fat had an inverse association with stroke. Global dietary guidelines should be reconsidered in light of these findings.

doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32252-3

See also: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31812-9

If your primary interest is in longevity, IMO your best bet is to eat less often:

10.1016/j.cmet.2014.02.006

10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00798.x

10.1126/science.1172539

10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.020

10.1111/acel.12338

10.1097/MCO.0000000000000239

10.1016/j.arr.2006.04.002

Also, exercise isn't bad either:

10.1371/journal.pone.0000465
> If you grew up poor with parents that weren't kind to their bodies and died young you'll probably do the same, marry someone who does the same and have kids who do the same.

Considering that 90% of the population used to engage in manual labor on farms to provide for themselves, if your lineage never made the transition to non-manual labor like most of the developed world, genetics are probably a more likely explanation.
No, they only occupy some of the floors.
The re-branding left a really bad taste in my mouth. I'm going to keep using the original.
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Just curious do you love in a "blue state"... Supporting the pensions of the gym teacher who retired at 55 drawing $100k+ for the rest of his/her life?
What is being given away? Someone has land, someone wants to build on it, someone wants to buy the result.
FYI, Google's new Kubeflow Pipelines service uses Argo.

https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/i...

https://github.com/kubeflow/pipelines#acknowledgments
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You can "speak freely in private" because it's not free speech, which requires a public space. It's like saying "I am allowed to show my face under this bag I am required to carry over my head". Yes, you are, because you're not really showing your face, as long as that bag is in place.

And why would they (the KGB) have cared (about jokes)? The venting of steam, instead of letting it build up and affect change, would have to be invented if people didn't do it voluntarily. That kind of self-deprecating humour is all over our media these days, too, we love to bring up important subjects to channel them into harmless stuff, just because we can't pretend it's not there, but also not allow ourselves to actually see it and be serious in its presence.
For years, I've been using http://www.0to255.com to come up my scales. For each hex, you're shown a monochromatic scale of 32 colors. I love that site!
At least among their software engineers, very much so.

If Anker got a cent for each time a cable of theirs got plugged into an iPhone prototype that never left the HQ, they'd still be a huge company.
Hell, I’ve had quicker refunds from AliExpress when an order was dodgy.

Amazon needs to pull their head out.
And them listening to their patient is a necessary condition! A doctor who doesn’t listen to his/her patient is a red flag.
I work on Argo. Those instructions are mainly for demo purposes because many of the examples need admin privileges. The amount of access which is needed, is really dependent on what your workflow is doing (e.g. if your workflow needs to deploy a resource, then you need to give the service account 'create' privileges on that resource). Currently, the bare minimum for a workflow to function is outlined here:

https://github.com/argoproj/argo/issues/983#issuecomment-435...

I will make sure that the docs are updated, so that this information is well understood.
> Dell business laptops aren’t horrible.

Yes they are. Try a thinkpad or a MacBook to see what you are missing.
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The Experience Machine [pdf]
There's a lot of back on forth on this, and I think that while Ancel Keys was wrong, he now gets unfairly maligned a lot. Nutritional science is just hard. Here's an interesting writeup on how dietary fat became the bogeyman: https://deniseminger.com/2011/12/22/the-truth-about-ancel-ke...

(One interesting thing about the past associational studies is that many did not control for transfats, or even smoking).

I also like this Vox article from a few years ago that describes why nutritional research is so hard: https://www.vox.com/2016/1/14/10760622/nutrition-science-com...
The exact same ones you take when you are feeling symptoms.
I really need to stop trying to type replies while holding a screaming baby in one hand....

Oh the typos!

1) self hosted service goes down
2) opinion
3) dot
4) start checking our selves

There are more I am sure, but I have no more time, back to holding a baby.

Also, stupid phones without physical buttons don't help.
With Robinson’s hyperreal numbers(1), I see no reason not to just freely use infinitesimals again.

(1)https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperreal_number
Algae and Fish oil bypass the preferential omega-6 metabolism - EPA & DHA are downstream metabolites, so there is no barrier.

Flax seed oil is still healthy but only for the lignans - only marine oils can effectively provide DHA and EPA. Though most commercially available products are DHA heavy, which no longer seems to be the beneficial conjugate.
If you prefer the HTML pages for offline reading like I do, you can save yourself the work of selectively downloading them and get the whole bunch from: http://christianjaeger.ch/scratch/www.iecc.com-linker-only_h...

The only change I made is to the www.iecc.com/linker/index.html file (to show the icon for the html links).
ML is very practical. The only reasons why it did not became popular (or has not been chosen as, say, the basis for Java) are social rather than technical and actually are insults to intelligence.
“Closed” cities like London globally have laws that prevent landowners from disposing of thier property as they wish.
It still costs time.
I think there is still room to say: "if the government knows what is best for me to consume, then why not test that logic by taking it to its logical conclusion"

If we can't have that discussion without acrimonious downvotes and complaints to the moderator, then what are we doing here? I am inclined to go back to my original point about bias.
Performance would have been much better if they did not emulated x86 on arm.
> I do know some things about containers.

Great! :D

> With Sandstorm.io, the rule of thumb we landed on was that a container takes 100MB of RAM. Some apps used more, some used less. This is real, empirical data.

I hate to keep harping on this, but what do you mean by "used" here? Are you saying that the RSS was 100MB per container, or that the sum of private mappings used was 100MB (/proc/$pid/smaps)? Did you use a filesystem like overlayfs that facilitates page-cache sharing by allowing read-only inode sharing between different containers, or a driver like {btrfs,devicemapper,aufs} that didn't? (Sandstorm was kicking around a while ago, so this might've been before overlayfs was in mainstream use.)

I know I probably look like an asshole, but I actually don't think I understand what you mean by used -- because saying that a container uses 100MB (which I take to mean that each new container spawned costs 100MB of real mmeory) simply doesn't sound right. It implies you could run less than 80 containers on an 8GB machine, and I doubt that Sandstorm programs were this big. It's like someone telling you that they spent $1500 on lunch -- I'm actually confused what the word "spent" means here.

I'm sure that you'd see less RSS memory usage by only having one process, but it is very possible that this memory usage benefit is not actually real -- I could be completely wrong but I'm just having trouble understanding how putting the same code inside a single program could make such a difference (given that the page cache already shares the memory for the V8 process). If you were to run 10k V8 processes your RSS would increase by 10k but your real memory usage would only increase very slightly because of the minor kernel memory cost of "struct task_struct".

As for context switches, yeah okay that's a cost you pay by having more than one process on a machine. But you do still have context switch overhead (though obviously it's much smaller) if you're running more than one program's state in a single process -- you have to switch context to a different set of protected variables right?

> And no one wants to write C, they want to write JavaScript.

My point about page caches is that the code for V8 is in the page cache and thus running more V8 processes doesn't take up any more real memory than just running one. So that cost of running JavaScript on top should be similar (though probably slightly larger because V8 stores other program information in memory -- but definitely not 10x larger).
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I think due to aggressive patenting many applications never materialized. I know I looked at them several times and the decision was always "not worth the licensing hassle".
> why the fuck are you bothering me with this?

Handling cash is a hassle in many ways:

1. It's slow. Obviously it is not slow in the best case when the customer throws in the exact change, but it is _really_ slow in the probably more typical case when the drunkard is at the counter and starts to dig into the pockets and find out if he has enough coins or when the seventh customer in the row wants to pay his ten cent lollipop with a hundred dollar bill and you run out of change.

2. It ties capital to keep sufficient amount of change in all of the booths.

3. It is difficult/expensive to manage securely and safely. You need to figure out how to stop personnel and other people stealing the money. Also your personnel likely feels more safe when they know that nobody can think that hey can come and try to steal money from you because you simply have none.
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I remember that too; my grandfather used to go on business trips to NYC, and after adjusting for inflation the amount he carried was almost 5000 USD. Very few people walk around with that amount of cash today.
Citus seems to be doing pretty well.
In the US the property tax is balanced somewhat by mortgage subsidies deducted from income tax. Also the property tax itself is deducted from federal tax.

Nevertheless I agree with you, it is a pernicious wealth tax and should rightly be moved to a VAT or sales tax.