skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Before you rage against this; fentanyl has been an immense asset to medicine, and when dosed correctly it offers much more manageable side effects (and greater control) than many other opioids. Just because the drug is more potent per microgram, that doesn't mean there's some sort of moral failing involved in bringing it to market.

When you're in immense pain, and the only safe way to relieve that for you is some potent opioid, I guarantee you will thank people for bringing these things to market.
Although not by Goldman’s compliance department, if the article is to be believed...
I’m not an expert on opioids but there are other factors when it comes to how long it lasts the binding strength is just one of them, the delivery method is also important so are other factors such as how quickly it can pass the brain blood barrier, which other receptors it can bind too and what is the half life of the drug in vivo.

Fentanyl for example can administrated with a topical patch due to its relative strength to enable longer duration of pain relief, morphine would require an injection to be as effective.
Many years ago my friend doctor patented a brilliant but simple device for holding on broken joints together. Because he seen so many open joints, he took advantage of this knowledge and it was light years comparing to other devices that were made from bulky material, expensive and painful to wear. All other doctors-friends tap him on the back and looked in his eyes like he's already a billionaire. "You only have to file with FDA and you good to go!", they say.

Seven years later and $450,000 in FDA fees and lawyers, he did not get anywhere! But he was lucky enough to stop there, as he met some lawyer that used to work for FDA before. That layer told him even back in 70s everyone within agency knew the goal of FDA is NOT to protect citizens and their health; but rather to protect big pharma, or pretty much every corporation with big enough pockets, from disrupting market and as a result messing around with their bottom line.

This lawyer told my friend that this is as hard-core "capitalism Americana" as it can ever get!

Maybe we don't have Standard & Oil and Rockefeller in full charge taking advantage of capitalism's cons, but indeed it shakes you to the core when you educate yourself how broken the system IS.

Edit: to expand on FDA goal - when you file for approval for a big enough disruptive product, they will find all sort of downsides to drag your feet. The good rule of a thumb is if you are rejected the second time, you most likely won't get anyway ever. So FDA's job is to come up with good enough excuse to put your product/approval down with as sounded reason as possible.

Followup: if you love these kind of stories and dirty rabbit holes, lookup how Aspartame was initially approved by FDA. Goosebumps and head shakes guaranteed!
Power of drug could be quantified based on its impact strength on targeted body functions and side affects on non-targeted ones.
I don't understand, the article states the distribution is very controlled and geared towards the military. The problem with Fentanyl is its widespread prescription by family doctors.

If the US doesn't allow its distribution through mainstream channels, it's no big deal. I'm pretty sure that stuff is weaker than morphine, yet morphine is quite available in hospitals...

EDIT: ah, apparently it's quite stronger than morphine. The argument still holds. Hospitals do have stronger stuff :)
Watch https://youtu.be/tl9I-R83lKo for a quick overview. It me in the video btw.
I keep the taskbar on the left side(Unity like) I do not see why taskbar on top is superior and the fact that KDE let's me put things as I need is very important.

let me give an example how options are better for me, my right eye is much worse then my left eye so I have the taskbar and notifications on the left, if it was reverse I would move them to the right.
I went to a huge cryptocurrency hackathon in San Francisco and brough my camera
Dynamic Typing in SQL
Its pretty clear that America is the country it wants to be despite protests to the contrary.
So, if you have Group A and Group B, each claiming the other is doing horrible, offensive things, which group gets deplatformed?

Since I can't legitimately reply yet, consider this a reply:

> any group not specifically defined by their intolerance.

So, would that be Hezbollah or Shas?
Web security gateways at enterprises should have been explicit proxies from the start, this whole transparent proxy business has been a disaster for protocol development.
It's a great idea! I really like the galactic scenery, bouncing boxes and the laser gun. In 15 minutes I revised all of the basic multiplication combinations :)
The macro expander is a code walker. Whenever it encounters a macro, it expands it (repeatedly, if necessary). Then when all that is left is a special form or function call, or when such a thing is encountered in the first place, it walks that form in the manner appropriate to that form. So by the time macros are expanded, a code walk has taken place over all the special forms and function calls that have emerged.

CL doesn't standardize any API for doing anything with the &environment parameter, other than using it as an argument in macroexpand and macroexpand-1, which is a pity. There is information in there such as "is this symbol a lexical variable in this macro's scope".

Steele's Cltl2 describes such features, but these didn't make it into ANSI CL. It describes accessors variable-information, function-information and declaration-information. Also an augment-environment function and some other things like enclose.
You should mostly just assume all the browser extensions have access to everything you look at. Most do. ;)

I'm similar to the parent comment but my sole extension is the EFF's Privacy Badger. Yes, I'm trusting the EFF with access to everything I view, but they are in turn, blocking tracking data from nearly everyone else.

I may soon drop Privacy Badger though, Firefox's built-in tracking protection has inched closer and closer to that tier.
I agree, The Big Short was insightful and you come out of it with a better understanding of the financial industry. The Wolf of Wall Street glossed over the financial information to focus on the debauchery, which to me is far less interesting.

Boiler Room and The Smartest Guys in the Room are my other go-to business movies.
I got NixOS running smoothly on Hetzner a few months back without much issue. They even offer a nice ISO to select and do the initial install with without downloading it yourself.
Wow the game seems scary. Not sure I would be able to play it
Guardian reader here (although I only read it, I don't meta-read it).

If I picked up any agenda it was just that of being resigned to rural decline as the world changes.
> Because apparently to you, there is equivalence between being Muslim and being Nazi.

I'm sorry but this is such a blatant fabrication that I cannot take any further words you write seriously. Any reasonable reading of my comment would recognize that references to Islam is to serve as an example of an intolerance perpetrated under the rationale of excluding the intolerant (e.g. calls to ban Muslims after 9/11). Did you ignore the part where I prefaced this as a "very dangerous line of thinking"? The whole point is that "intolerance of the intolerant is okay" often fuels intolerant thinking itself. How you concluded that my comments equated Islam with Nazism is beyond me.
> Even if it's not illegal, if the startup owner told the investor that they were growing rapidly and used these figures to show that, the investor could sue after the fact for civil fraud and the founder would have a hard time explaining why it shouldn't be.

Civil fraud is illegal, so if it is not illegal, it is not civil fraud.
Your articles are amazing, both very informative and entertaining! Thank you so much for researching and writing this! I have been checking your blog for updates regularly; please, do continue this series!
Same here. However, packaging awesome window manager for RHEL/CentOS is a PITA. I end up using older fedora packages for it hehe
To be honest I'm surprised it's not higher. Relevant discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17789308

The bottom line is that there's not much incentive for doing the boring statistical validations (I can tell you that no one likes doing statistics apart from statisticians, and not even all of them) and verifying that everything is reproductible, and a huge incentive for, let's say, 'arrange' a thing or two so that the paper looks better. So many people just kinda do it, and it slips through the cracks because:

-In many fields, the reviewers are not statisticians themselves

-No one really bothers to download the data, setup the environment and libraries, and reproduce the exact steps taken to obtain the very same figures in a paper. Which is understandable given how doing all of that can be such a chore. Anyway, most of the time the exact steps aren't even described. No, jupyter notebooks aren't a solution either (it would take too long to explain why and the post is already long).

-In many cases, the results turn out to be true anyway so people don't notice they were initially put forward with fraudulent validations

-When they turn out to be false, people just shrug and move on with what's actually true. Bogus results often fail to stand the test of time and get forgotten quickly despite initial hype. No one bothers to say: "Hey, that paper from 8 years ago is bullshit and their authors are hacks!" because nobody cares.

-There's a huge psychological barrier to actually call out one of your peers and affirm that they're an impostor and their work is bogus. Especially when said impostor happens to be a big name in the field, that part of you still doesn't believe they would commit fraud, not to mention the social repercussions and backlash of doing such an accusation. We scientists aren't a very confrontational bunch.

So most of the time it kinda works and we're all bumbling along hoping to find some modicum of truth at the end of the road with minimal harm done. But of course sometimes you get these guys who kick off their entire career on a high profile, much hyped fabricated result (Woo-Suk) or even a series of bogus papers (Sato), and that may lead to long-term harm. The good news is that hyped papers or very prominent figures quickly attract scrutiny from their peers, and sooner or later reality catches up with them as labs around the world fail to replicate their 'breakthroughs'.

All in all, I'd say we're doing fine. We're just not the ethereal source of truth that some people hold us to be, the very same people who, after claming that 'God is dead', are very quick to replace Him with His sillicon-based equivalent around which we would act like priests, except with lab coats in lieu of clerical garments.
Fentanyl is much stronger the morphine, so if this is 10x stronger than Fentanyl then it is also much stronger than morphine.
I can only skim a nearly 300 page book but I get the impression that the basic point is that, done right, computers can be an amazing tool to allow a child's natural impulses to play and exploration to grow and flourish.

Seems reasonable enough. So what went wrong to the point that today, primary advice to parents wanting to encourage growth in their kids is to remove the computer completely?

This also is connected in my mind to the period where learning to program was connected to basic literacy but now just avoiding the computer until one is old enough to handle it is closer to a road to basic literacy.

Is there a different way we can take this.
That's not true. The quaternions are the even subalgebra of the 3D geometric algebra. They are not isomorphic. Quaternions are isomorphic to the set of scalars and bivectors in the 3D geometric algebra but the 3D GA also has vectors and a volume form.

This is just like how the complex numbers are isomorphic to the even subalgebra of the 2D geometric algebra.

The geometric algebra is richer, more powerful, more generalizable and more coherent than the quaternion algebra, all while being easier to understand because its so physical.
We work on non-partisan projects, and the way we prioritize projects hasn't changed. So we're still able to get important things done for Veterans, small businesses, doctors/patients, students, immigrants, soldiers, etc.

This is a recent overview of the sort of projects that we're working on: https://www.usds.gov/report-to-congress/2017/fall/ It's all great stuff that you'd feel proud to tell your family and friends about.
TikTok is pretty Douyin, but an international version.
This effort is welcomed! Sen. Wyden is doing a great job pushing this.
I kind of expect someone better versed in Geometric Algebra to come along and explain how it somehow also supersedes that.
I'm curious. What sort of "company" is acquired for 5 figures? I assume that's in USD and not BTC.
another 100x fentanyl - carfentanyl as gas/aerosol was used by the SWAT team in the 2002 Moscow hostage crisis. 100+ people died from it:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_hostage_crisis_chemical...
https://www.google.com/flights/#flt=SAN.PEK.2018-11-15*PEK.S...

Take your pick of dates on the calendar: $1,900 to $2,200 is available pretty much any days.

Sure, it takes a bit of knowledge and research to find the good deals, but there's almost always a way to cross an ocean round-trip at around $2k.
Is this the same Marc Ten Bosch as from Miegakure [1]?
Considering the content, probably the same person.

[1] http://miegakure.com/
The GUI and WIMP interfaces were born out of experiments by a small team doing independent research, and future interface innovation is just as likely to come from places like that. Even Apple's multi-touch gestures were largely already thought out by the small company Fingerworks before they acquired them. Though I also don't doubt that there is interesting stuff happening in secret rooms at Apple that we aren't privy to.

I'd still look at projects like Dynamicland [1], or to scifi: the form factor for the iPad appeared in ST:TNG 20 years before it did on shelves[2], many AR researchers reference Vernor Vinge's Rainbow's End.

[1] http://dynamicland.org/

[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVqHoGKQXLI
Shenzen I/O - a very clever electronics based puzzle game

Or if youd prefer an existential crisis with your video game try the spectacular NieR Automata
How stable is the result with respect to augmentation?

If you get an image with a funny artifact, like a super-red hand, can you fix it by running the network on a slightly augmented image? For this kind of work, it seems reasonable that you could keep re-colorising an image until you got one that was acceptable (as in the case with the B+W TV).
Its almost the entirety of her Chomp orders
Request for Comments: Standard for Upgradeable, Transparent Contracts
There’s no magic. Remember that at the end of the day, no matter what approach you take to your CSS, we are all dealing in trade offs.

I like to say, that with components, you encounter “a new level of bugs.”

With Functional CSS, you deal mostly with incidental bugs. “This container has margin 10 and this one has 15!” or “This text-red is overriding all my text!” Individually, these are annoying, but together they can compound into unfuckable problems. Right now I’m working on rebuilding a header that was styled with this approach, and ultimatley wound up unable to remove certain classes without breaking other elements. Something as simple as moving the text from one side of the screen to the other involves building an understanding of how they work individually, which is very challenging in a site as large as ours.

Enter my new header, a component. Its got a parent of .HeaderComponent and everything is scoped inside of it. If I delete, say, a .Link here, it doesnt affect links elsewhere on the site. And since I include re-usable mixins for base styles, like text, its easy to (say) @include BodyFont; or HeaderFont; without affecting the page or the site as a whole.

What I mean when I say “a new level of bugs” is that how and why you build things becomes more important. If I build a header component, but a large change happens elsewhere on the site, its unlikely I will change my original component. I’ll make something new and call that, instead.

In this process you can wind up with poorly built components, things that wind up not being used as much as you thought, etc. But the beauty of it is that getting rid of them is SIMPLE. I made a lot of mistakes when I started building doggos.com with components, but I’m really excited about how easy they were to remove. If you just make something new when you need something new, you wont have a bunch of legacy code following you around everywhere.

That probably isn’t a greaaat explanation, but I’m very happy to expand further or give you some links. In particular, Airbnb.design has some great lessons on why they ultimately went this direction, and they do a much better job of explaining it than I!
I can't speak for this drug, but different opioids are processed by different liver pathways. Some people don't properly metabolize something like Oxycodone, but handle morphine just fine. So that's part of it.

The other issue is that in specific cases (for instance, in battlefield medicine) you may need something that hits harder and faster than fentanyl. Again, I don't know this particular drug, but it may also last longer than fentanyl, which wears off quite quickly.
"Goldman’s chairman, Lloyd Blankfein, sought to frame the matter as the misdeeds of rogue employees. “These are guys who evaded our safeguards, and lie, stuff like that’s going to happen,”

Of course, it is very convenient to get the money of corrupt deals made by top execs, and then later claim they didn't know anything about how they did it. What about returning all that money and putting them in jail, for a change?
You are probably right in terms of dev and support overhead. I would imagine that should they decide to add it, the process would be similar to XFS; in that, they would add support for it in the kernel and call it "experimental" like they did with XFS in 5.2.

XFS is a fairly simple filesystem. That said, the issues they had were integrating it in VFS. There are still some bugs at that layer today, albeit minor ones. In 5.x, most of the issues were race conditions in VFS and raid controllers (sas bus resets and such). XFS itself is actually very mature but any time they add a new FS, the VFS layer requires a lot of work.
Shootout of the Video Game Systems: The Age of the Light Gun
My biggest LEGO discoveries as a child came about due to limitations:

My mom would take me to visit her parents, which (once the sun went down and I couldn't run around outside) was very boring. I didn't have my huge lego collection from home, but they did have a small collection from when their kids were younger.

No hinges, no spinners, no windows - basically nothing special, just bricks and long-thin-flat pieces. (I don't know the terms).

boring, boring, boring...until I discovered that you could take a thin piece and connect one dot from above and below to other pieces( "-=" ), and that piece was now free to swivel. If the two pieces you used were also long thin pieces, you could connect the other end to a single dot of a fourth piece, and you now had a double joint. ( "-=-" )

I built many "robots" top play with like this, that were basically 90 degrees from normal (the "top" of the legos would be the "front" of the robot.

I played with Legos for years in a variety of ways, but this was one of the few where I "discovered" something. Other times I learned to alter direction of the build by containing a length of joints inside a "tunnel" of bricks, so that the plane of the joints would be at 90 degrees to the plane of the bricks (the "top" of the bricks could be the "top" of the figure, while the "top" of the joints would be the "front" of the figure, or vice-versa). This allowed me to build humanoid figures with knees that faced forward but arms that bent outward or over the "chest", or scorpion-like figures with claws that closed side-to-side but legs that extended out to the sides and moved up-down.

Later I expanded the collection with more special pieces that allowed me to put such joints on hinges or spinners, but I honestly believe I'd never have gotten there if I hadn't been bored with no other options. I'm POSITIVE others knew these tricks, but I never encountered it in any of their materials and I didn't have friends to tell me.

I was excited about mindstorms, but as they became more advanced when I was just out of college and busy learning how to handle a marriage and a career I never got into them, and I wonder if they encourage their own sort of discovery like that, or if it's too specific.
Learning to build your own packages is a bit of a chore, but once you get there, it could not be easier.
I suspect building your own packages for Debian or Redhat would be much more difficult.
Let alone getting that package accepted upstream, which is not that hard with Nixos.
Efficient Rails DevOps, third edition
Not a primary source, but see slide 11 [0]. In this case, for the "10X" I think they're looking at the binding affinity to the u-receptor.

Edit: realized that doesn't answer your question about the relationship between binding affinity, relative effective dose in mg/kg, etc. At least when medicinal chemists I work with say "10X stronger" they're referring to the binding affinity. Not sure about what it means in a person.

https://www.ctsi.ucla.edu/education/files/view/training/docs...
I hadn't seen this before [ https://www.jwz.org/gruntle/nomo.html ], but I really like it, thank you for quoting it! Posting here in case anyone else benefits.
So is the taking. But we’ve already decided that it’s morally ok to break that law.
Naloxone is the drug used to block the effects of opioids. LE carry them, but at the cost of $4500 for two injectors. The Narcan spray is slightly lest costly iirc. I'm a uni student working on designing an auto-injector that could be used instead (the medicine itself is very cheap) and potentially to administer epinepherine too (also a case of cheap medicine - expensive administration device).

I've made some progress but have no mechanical design experience. I'm not optimistic about the time period needed for FDA approval so I'm really doing it for the learning experience. I'd love some help!
I don't think that article answers my question. This seems to be the entire contents that might directly address the issue:

> The new, deadlier drugs are altered opioids that bind in more powerful ways to the brain’s receptors and get to the brain more quickly. The combination of factors can make them thousands of times more deadly.

> All opioids connect to particular brain and nervous system receptors that exist for the body’s natural painkiller, endorphins...

That is the only mention of the word "bind" and the article doesn't contain the word "affinity". It doesn't discuss the relationship between effective-dose-size and potential for addiction, except in cases where it seems to go in the opposite direction of what you suggested:

> Methadone is about three times stronger than morphine, but it does not produce a strong euphoric effect. It also lasts much longer and can address physical dependence on other opioids, making it the most common choice for treating opioid addiction.
Sad that in that front page, there is no one reference to Nix.

They should at least give credit.
Synthesizing the active ingredient is generally very cheap regardless. Research and testing are the big costs in drug development.
he created systemd on his own. It was argued about on Fedora's list before being accepted. The discussion wasn't as vitriolic as with debian, but it wasn't automatically accepted.
The DoD does have that much influence. If they want it, they'll get it. And if they can't get it through normal channels they'll bend over backwards to try to get Congress to carve out an exception.