skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Byzantine generals: N generals wish to coordinate their attack on a defending army. The attack will succeed if a majority attack at the same time, so you send messages to the other N-1 generals saying "attack tomorrow at dawn".

But wait: Some of those messages may have been captured by the enemy, and some generals may simply not agree with your strategy. If enough generals don't attack, but you still attack, you will fail. So the new plan is to send a message to the other N-1 generals saying "attack tomorrow at dawn, please reply with confirmation that you will be participate", and then if you get confirmation from at least (N/2 - 1) generals, you can attack with confidence.

But wait: Your fellow generals know that the enemy is potentially capturing messengers, and they won't want to attack if nobody else is attacking, and they know nobody will attack if they don't get the confirmation, so they need confirmation that everyone got their confirmation.

But wait: You'll need confirmation of their confirmation, and so down the rabbit hole we go.

What we end up with is a network of messengers, where every general keeps broadcasting a planned attack date to all the others, but it never able to be certain that the others heard and agreed to it. What's needed to solve this problem is a way of sending a message who's mere existence proves that a majority of generals are committed to the attack, and thus you don't have to reply to the message asking for confirmation that everyone still agrees.

Enter proof of work. What if each general would, upon receipt of the proposed attack date, perform some complex and time consuming calculation; maybe have some poets write a poem in iambic pentameter about the proposed date, and then the first one to finish attachs the poem to the message, and rebroadcasts it? Each time a general receives a new message, they'll take the one with the most poems attached, and start writing a new poem that references the attack date and all previous poems. Fairly soon you'll have a massive chain of dozens of epic poems about the proposed attack date. This tells you a couple of things:

1. All those poems are too much work for one rogue general (or the defending army) to have done. This took the finest minds of the most of the Byzantine general staff to create.

2. And that means that most of the generals must be okay with this plan, because they've spent all week writing poems about it.

3. And most of them must be aware that everyone else is okay with it too, since they've all seen all the poems everyone else saw.

The mere existence of this attack plan, with all of it's self-referentials poems attached, is proof that a consensus attack date exists, and means you're safe to attack, without needing to communicate further.

(For another, much shorter attempt at explaining the link, see: https://bitcointalk.org/oldSiteFiles/byzantine.html)
Honestly the Open-NSFW filter did a really good job of catching the overwhelming majority of the issues. Also until LetsEncrypt became commonplace, Dofler was still discovering tons of applications that forwent even basic encryption. It was quite terrifying.

This year was the last year I ran Dofler through its normal con-circuit, mostly due to the amount of encryption thats happening, I'd have to pivot away to completely different types of metadata that would be computationally expensive to pull, or would require a LOT of coding time, or would require dependence on commercial tools. it was simply time to lay it to rest.
i don’t think that’s correct, in that you (and the article) is lacking nuance. the “valuation” is different for every investor. in fact for preferred shares the value may be accurate. but for common shares it is not. before a company goes public, there isn’t a single valuation. there’s a set of valuations.
Just remember the modern definition of serverless:

1. Not using a server.

2. Using a server. Not serverless.

Problem solved.
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis is not a collection of self-reported subjective symptoms. It never was. Currently the CDC has adopted criteria for which post-exertional malaise is a required symptom. This is measured by 2-day CPET as mentioned elsewhere. I realize that a lot of people don't keep up on this stuff as much as those affected by this illness, but I have to say that it gets a bit tedious having to correct these commonly held, incorrect perceptions about what this illness is. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is 'tired all the time,' 'fatigue,' sore throats, headaches, muscle & joint pain. Ramsay ME is closer to 'deathlike paralysis.' There's a reason why it was once described as 'atypical polio.' And as has been pointed out elsewhere, while a person suffering from depression is likely to respond positively to exercise, an ME patient responds so negatively that it is to be considered contraindicated, in the strongest possible terms. That's why the Institute of Medicine recommended renaming it to describe exactly what exertion does.
Definitely seems like a nice API on top of matplotlib.

I’ve started using gnuplot a lot after hearing Brendan Gregg mention it a few times. It fills a great niche for making decent graphs without having to write code.

http://gnuplot.sourceforge.net/demo/
> Take away any of those components and you no longer have Great Depression 2.

The 2008 collapse was caused by parties unscrupulously seeking profit while blindly trusting the word of their dependencies... willful ignorance in a system of unsustainable but mutually beneficial arrangements.

That's a cultural problem. If we had outlawed anything you point out, the end result would be a different house of cards built out of the same unwarranted trust in abstraction layers.
Ok, we've switched to that from https://twitter.com/flightradar24/status/1056733416102789120.
I disagree that writing articles is ‘journalists bitching’, and I’m disappointed and even shocked that people are dense enough to have that perception or attitude.
Does anyone know how the day's speed/altitude graph compare to a regular day of heavy weather and turbulence?
This is amazing. I've been brushing up on algorithms for some upcoming interviews and could imagine this being super helpful to visualize/understand. Don't give up on the project! It's great!
Correct. It's an interesting architecture, if you're interested in reading more:

https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/2016/04/22/windows-subs...
He was also on Twitter and Facebook. I guess those should be banned too. Remove the DNS, remove the merchant accounts for financial transactions, remove data center rights, etc. This is how gab.ai was attacked, so it is only fair.
Agreed. I would do the fast.ai courses, and go through the examples/tutorials in the PyTorch docs as needed during the course or afterwards. They are very good and go through what you need to know, but it helps to have done at least part of the fast.ai course.
Reminds me of, “Train Thankfully Unharmed In Crash That Killed One Man”.

https://local.theonion.com/autistic-reporter-train-thankfull...
Nice perspective taking. To the OP's defense, he was wondering about FPGAs for hobby endeavors.
They provide inspiration and hope. Sometimes that's just what you need.
as the article says it’s comnon to have 8 classes of stock, not just preferred and common. but you are
probably generally correct.

where this does matter a lot is for employees.
Do you have a source on the electricity use of major card networks?

Lightning is broken, sadly - not enough trust.
> Just remember the modern definition of serverless:

Just because it runs on someone else's machine doesn't mean it is "serverless". an API Gateway obviously is a server.

FAAS is just a good old worker queue, there is nothing new about that.

There is no "modern definition" of serveless. it's just marketing, it has nothing to do with technology. Developers shouldn't use that word and expect to be taken seriously.
You've posted so much about this topic to HN, and gotten involved in so many off-topic flamewars, that we need to ask you stop.

Obviously you're passionate about the topic of fasting, but beyond a certain point, passion on a divisive topic amounts to trolling. I'm sure it isn't intentional, but since this is the reliable effect of your posts, please drop the subject on HN from now on.
I just use Asana. WAY easier. You can check things off, and just delineate months by having them in ALL CAPS and finished them with a colon (:). Using a colon at the end turns that list item into a title.
> has the potential to be really opaque and confusing

Yes, but.. compared to switch and preprocessor hacks described in the article? Granted it's subjective but I'd find a function pointer that's assigned to once to be way easier to comprehend.
Airliners.net: http://www.airliners.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=1407217
The granular data from FlightRadar24 paints an especially grim picture: a descent of 30,000 feet per minute (fpm) at about 400 feet above the ground. That seems like it might be erroneous given how high it is, but -16,896 fpm at 2500 feet seems plausible.

Source: https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/flightradar24-data-regard...
Fred Friedberg's protocol pushed a friend of mine into Severe ME and that person spent years in a nursing home as a result. At this point we know enough about Ramsay's observations on muscle fatiguability to know that anything involving exercise is absolutely contraindicated in this illness. What you are doing is irresponsible and dangerous. ME patients cannot tolerate exercise. Period, end of story.
Wireless networking is wireless because communication between device and AP is wireless. Serverless has no point where there isn't a server involved. It's just a service that runs your program on a server you don't control. No definition of 'serverless' fits into that.
current valuation is irrelevant and doesn’t hurt the article at all. once a company is public you don’t have to become a private investor and worry about valuation. you can just buy shares on the open market.

the only thing that matters is the price at exit. and their point is made quite well with square.
Given that IBM are after the tech and will probably reject the culture (as also happened when Oracle ate Sun), I suggest an appropriate name would be...

Old Hat (tm)

;)
> If the asset is physical, you have to solve the issue of making the blockchain match reality. I know you said there's a ton of work being done in that space, but I have yet to see a lot of solutions.

There are no solutions. The perfect oracle does not exist and any such system is going to have all of the same problems that any non-digital, non-blockchain based system could have.

Any token held in the blockchain is only valuable if the token in itself has inherent value. A token which is merely a proxy for some external value is a waste of time.

The only use I see for the blockchain beyond money is for fraud-proof timestamps, since the ledger is also a distributed timestamp server, but even that has limited applicability because there's no way to prove that something did not happen earlier, for which someone just copy-pasted into the blockchain afterwards.
> Stupid people getting loans they couldn’t afford.

> loans to stupid people,

Ah so it's (partly) the people's fault now? So when a banker shows up and offers a mortgage to a struggling family (which they can't afford), it's their fault for accepting it! I mean how could the banker ever have known? It's not like his job involves assessing these risks or anything.
Take real chances, dick
Note the different scales. They were really floundering and never got up to anything like their intended altitude. They also continued the crazy-low altitude for over 5 minutes before final impact.
You got half? That's pretty good!
;)
I doubt it, but that's not the issue. The issue is that the FSF wants a signed "ok" from the University that I can assign copyright to the FSF, and the University's Center for Technology & Venture Commercialization won't issue that. I'll wait a year or two until I'm (hopefully) tenured and then press the issue again.
1) The 700B in assets distributed via the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) have all been sold by the government, earning 15.3B in profit in the process [0].

2) The federal funds overnight rate has been raised 4 times in the last year with more raises planned [1].

3) While the federal debt load is high, the actual annual interest paid by the government in servicing the debt is in-line with historic norms [2].

[0] https://projects.propublica.org/bailout/

[1] https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/EFFR

[2] https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYOIGDA188S
Upgrade Your Thinking and Make Better Decisions with Mental Models
Columns can be chosen using the -x or -y flags. By default the x column is the first and the y columns are everything else.

You can specify either the column name or number (1 indexed).
Ok, the judiciary does not technically enforce criminal law, but applies and interprets them. But that is a technicality of language which neither refutes nor reinforces the point I was making: this is not an example of criminal law being enforced. This is a case of regulatory law/oversight.

Should regulators hurt some companies and help others, behind closed doors and for unwritten rules?

That's a different kind of question than should "the courts and police enforce criminal law," which the above user I was responding to was confused about.

That is what the point was.

I can see how reasonable minds can agree on what amount of trust they place in the hands of regulators. Clearly, judging by downvotes, a majority HN believes they should have authority to manipulate markets by picking winners and losers based on determinations of good or bad behavior--and all behind closed doors and outside of written rules. I just simply dont agree with that, as most other economists and Bloomberg news clearly does not, either.
They're so specific that it's obvious that they're describing their self. The HN trope where someone mistakes their own specific tastes for self-evident commentary on how the world works.

e.g. As if you need social anxiety to appreciate the vast convenience of ordering food to your doorstep.
I don't know that there's a good way to be both concise and informative about disasters like this without being somewhat heartless, especially when the event is so recent. Having a less-editorialized title would definitely help, though - there's something particularly callous about implicit speculation so soon.
The Velvet Revolution of Claude Debussy
There will be some significant scrutiny on the plane( it’s both a new plane and a new model of plane) even though lion air has a pretty bad reputation. The carrier is blacklisted in the EU for example.

International air investigation is usually get things right. Every now and then politics will interfere, but the process doesn’t change that much based on carrier and plane..
> The creditors who provided the loans were giving loans to stupid people

Anybody can seek to obtain loan. Creditors are professionals.

Never forget that.
SVG emitter?
A better term is "fiatcoin". There is no such thing as a "stablecoin". What mechanisms exist to ensure that the "stablecoin" maintains its peg?
Why use sizeof when you already have n? I could see it possibly being useful but not often.
“Severe punishment “ constitutes expansion ban and fees. Great! Break the law, no jail for those people. It’s clear that as long as you are a banker you can do whatever the hell you want.
My Drawing and Calculating Instruments (2011)
> Given this is a near brand new aircraft, structural failure caused by a explosive device is certainly possible :(

Don't be daft, read the information presented rather than just making things up.

There's nothing about a very wobbly assent that suggests a sudden failure, from take off they're struggling and changing air speed dramatically. There's numerous graphs posted in this thread comparing the take offs with the previous days which shows the stark difference. Clearly, radio contact was lost "suddenly" because it was doing 550 KM/h straight into the water. The last transponder ping would have been a couple of seconds before impact with the ground.
" it is in fact using less electricity than the major credit card networks." - citation needed
Spectrum Scale Support is one of the most horrific things I've encountered in my entire professional career.
How common is an 11 minute drive to work?

I'd guess there'd be a fair percentage of people that would get to work faster on a scooter than in their car.
> Do you honestly believe the government has a magic/economic-violating ability to create $100 worth of value when it spends $0.13 printing a new paper bill? [1] Or even less when it's digitally inflated?

That's basically a complete misunderstanding of what money is. The fact that money is a store of value is (and mostly has always been) an emergent property. This is part of why when systems that try to tie value to things like gold pop up every now and then, they always eventually fail and the peg breaks - because it's just not how it actually works. The primary purpose of money is to represent an obligation to provide a good or service at a later time. In the Government's case, their spending from money they create is actually putting money into the economy so they can tax it back later.

It's actually around the requirement of a population to pay tax in a certain currency that the wider economy emerges around it (this is called 'baseline demand' for a currency).

Now, to the question of 'does the Government magically create $100 of value when they issue a banknote?' No. But the if the economy has produced $100 of new value, then it actually needs somebody to create $100 more money to operate in a non-deflationary way. At the moment, a lot of that comes from banks, which also expand the money supply when they create new loans, but at the same time create private debt. And it's actually when you get too much private debt and something happens in the economy that stops enough people being able to pay up that banks require bailouts.
Personal attacks are a bannable offense on HN. Please post civilly and substantively, or not at all.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
Damn, this is really similar to an idea that I filed away and have wanted to build for a long time. But I think it's even better than what I was imagining. Nice work! I'm going to spend some time playing around with it.

I think this has a ton of potential and could be used for serious music production. MIDI export would be awesome. Or even a VST plugin that emits MIDI into a DAW. It would be great to use something like this inside REAPER [1].

[1] https://www.reaper.fm
Just because the people in charge sign off doesn’t mean they won’t later be fucked over anyway. E.g. Instagram & Whatsapp.
(1) stuff happens
Thanks, apologies that might have come across like I was attacking you, but I wasn't. I was genuinely curious because I sort of laughed then thought... hang on...
Ask HN: Is FaceID harmfull for your eyes?
No, this is not a flamebait, hear me out.

Since I got the iPhone X I have noticed that when I would watch movies in bed at night, I would wake up with sore eyes that would eventually turn into headaches.

Searching the web I found a lot of people complaining about the PWM on the iPhone X, and I got convinced that it was the screen that was causing my eye strain, so stopped using the X.

Until I got the XR a few days ago. As usual I watched some Netflix while in bed before falling asleep and woke up with the all so familiar sore eyes. This meant that all this time it was not the OLED the one responsible for my headaches, but something else. The only other think that was new both in X and XR was the FaceID.

I started thinking how can it cause problems and came with the theory below. When I am at bed the room is really dark and so I set the brightness level on my iPhone to the lowest setting. My eye-pupils are fully dilated to adjust to the lack of light. My theory is that the FaceID illuminator doesn't take into consideration the amount of light in the environment and uses the same intensity as if it was daylight.

To prove this I took a recording of my iPhone X in similar environment with an IR camera: https://youtu.be/7ewR9wUjnsc

If this wasn't IR but visible light it would be like the iPhone's camera flash going on every 5 seconds right in front of my eyes. There is no question that this would justify the morning soreness and headaches.

My question is: Does the IR light emitted by the iPhone "flood illuminator" have the same effect to my retina even thought I don't perceive it?
We've banned this account for violating the site guidelines and ignoring our request to stop.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
My contract requires that anything I develop using University resources, which in practice means potentially anything in my areas of specialisation, the University has some claim on.

It's not entirely unreasonable - imagine someone in Biochemistry developing some drug using University labs etc. and then turning around and selling the formula to a private lab.

But it's the petty bureaucratisation which is infuriating. (And usually the people making the decisions aren't practically qualified.)
Because IBM ruins everything it touches?

It’s possible they don’t want to. But they will.
It's a free market. Someone has to teach this stuff, why not these guys. If their advice is useful - great, if it's a scam - they'll get sued or go out of business.

Maybe we're talking about different people though, but Alex Becker and Jeff Walker, for example, were extremely helpful to me personally.

I have nothing to say about the author of the article though, personally I didn't learn much from it. But as long as I can use my own brain and judge advice on it's own merit, I'd rather have a bunch of people trying to teach this stuff than not.
It was part of a talk by Anthony Towns at Scaling Bitcoin 2018 in Tokyo.

https://youtu.be/y8hJ0VTPE34

I suggest you ask him e.g. on Twitter: https://twitter.com/ajtowns

I think the jury is still out on Lightning.
Visit your local chamber of commerce. If local colleges have food programs, ask someone there. We have an organic farming coop here in the Seattle suburbs that lets you schedule time in their commercial kitchen.
> And wires are still involved with wireless networking, but people are somehow more forgiving of that.

not between 2 wireless endpoints, there are no wires. Between you and what you call "serveless" there is a server you need to query to get the result of whatever program you executed remotely. There is no wire between my router and my laptop.
Of course, that evil Obama administration, they punished little billy for not playing nice, boohoo.
> when I criticize FPGA’s embarrassingly small amount of freedom.

It takes a critical mass of knowledgeable people who don't necessarily want to be compensated monetarily for their efforts for this to happen (think early GCC and Linux teams). It took a few decades of largely unpaid effort before GCC and Linux convincingly took over as the leading compiler and OS respectively and people started being paid to work on them. To achieve the end you have in mind, you will need to start building that community
30000 fpm == 540 kph == 292 knots

That's not a particularly unrealistic speed for a plane that's flying straight into the water, especially if the engines were still producing thrust. The 400-ft altitude would have been recorded less than 1 second before impact.
Are there any numbers as to what difference this will make to the compiled size and speed of the kernel? I imagine the difference in size will be tiny.

Did they profile before optimising[1] and identify it as a problem?

[1] http://wiki.c2.com/?ProfileBeforeOptimizing
Right, so like what Wine does. (Remember: Wine Is Not an Emulator.)