skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The truly important thing to realize is that the 10y yield has fallen back to 3.15% already.

What this tells us is that no matter how much debt we rack up, the rest of the world will fund our profligacy at whatever bid we demand not only at auction, but in secondary markets as well.

No matter how much we anger China or KSA, they will buy our debt at any price, at any coupon, and beg for more. And of course our allied central banks like ECB, BOJ, SNB, will always be there at our beckon call.

Politicians know this, and so they are not overly concerned with deficits. Given human nature, I wouldn't count on any politician, R or D, to care even the slightest bit about this until the rest of the world bothers to demand a non-negative real rate of return on their investments.
public domain is indeed a bad idea, but CC0 is a great equivalent that works worldwide
https://store.tonyrobbins.com/products/the-time-of-your-life you can try the Tony Robbins RPM method or a similar solution.

Alternatively you could hire his coaches but they are expensive I wager.
Yeah, HackerNews seems to be getting closer to Reddit by the day.
How many people live in the center of London city? Not many. ~12,000 very wealthy rich people last time I looked.
I suspect there is something at play here. I've also noticed the front page is constantly bombarded with economic/political news. Everyday is a new nytimes article, bloomberg twice a day, etc.

It's as if startups have slown down and programming novelties have died off, and it's being padded with politically driven articles.
it's rising though, and will, I assume, rise faster as interest rates rise and the cost of the debt rises along with it (either immediately or in the near future). IIRC, current interest on debt is something like $400B, which is more than the budgets of many entire depts (dept of energy budget is ~$30B for example).
According to this article: https://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/unworthy-victims-weste...

Western militaries have killed at least 4 million people in foreign countries in the last ~30 years. That's not my kind of "protection force".

The most sickening part is that we're paying for this, with our taxes. We're paying for people to go to foreign countries and kill people on our behalf. In the name of "protection".
Good idea doesn't matter because good ideas are rarely exclusive. If one has a good idea, there is a good chance someone else has also came up the same idea. Thus how to execute that idea becomes critical, including access to capital, talent, market, etc. Amazon was certainly not the first to come up with e-commerce

There are always exception on both ends of the spectrum of course.

Your novel adaption analogy isn't exactly apt. You can't test a movie the way you can with business iteration. There are also no metrics to measure a movie's success the way you can measure revenue, customer retention, user usages, etc.
Both of these are about economics moreso than politics. A lot of HN readers are interested in economics, since the current state of the economy can have huge impacts on startups.
I don't know what you mean by that. I participate on Reddit. I experience HN and Reddit as completely different animals. I see them as very extremely an apples to oranges comparison.
I would like it if submitters could tag their posts in three different categories or so; pure tech, economics, and politics. Users could then configure their settings to see the content they want.

I think that this approach could be taken too far so that we would end up with a reddit clone, but a step in this direction seems to be in order now.
The upvote threshold for getting out of "new" is tiny. And the US is now so polarized that almost nothing is truly apolitical.
> But nothing a company does it to the benefit of the employee

This isn't a feature intrinsic to companies, but rather a relatively recent social norm. There are still a few companies that do look after their employees, and do things to the benefit of their employees. They aren't very common though, usually it's smaller (often family run) businesses, and often a physical trade rather than an office job.
Cost adjusted by failure rate is definitely the best metric for a RAID. But when it's only one or two disks, and any failure means a giant hassle, it can be worth paying more to improve the odds.
Eh my iPad Pro has a 120hz screen and I couldn’t care less. I notice no difference when using my phones 60hz screen.
A temporary 4% drop in the S&P 500 (based on closing prices) is hardly a mini-crash. If you check the historical price charts over the past several decades, movements of that size are common. And analysts make up all sorts of explanations after the fact for the fluctuations just so that they have something to talk about on TV. The reality is that we don't know why; maybe it was interest rates, maybe it was something else.
> If nobody has any military and some group of people decide to create one and use force to dominate their neighbors, how exactly does anyone stop them?

Just because some people might do it doesn't mean you need to do it as well. If killing people is wrong, it's still wrong even when you're the one doing it.

> Would you be comfortable ceding some political control to people who may have sharply divergent values from you, including on this very topic?

This is literally how democracy already works.
Abuse isn't a legal concept here. It's condemnation of specific business conduct, specifically a kind of free riding. That's for businessfolk to debate. Lawyers read the licenses, but business managers decide how to use them, to what ends, and why.

The cloud competitors MongoDB professes concern about have sophisticated software license counsel. They're very good at reading licenses. That is part of the claimed problem: They were good enough to see and exploit loopholes in a dense, oddly drafted license like AGPLv3, which most others read as "free for free software only", rather than as written. They also have deep pockets, US legal nexus, and significant ongoing commercial use to enjoin. The latter make a wide target. But the former makes them too strong to sue on anything but firm ground.

I don't know what you mean by normal actors, but if there are a lot of them, and they're relatively small, and also potential Mongo customers, suing them en mass to make examples, RIAA/MPAA-style, isn't nearly as appealing as cutting big cloud providers offering MongoDB off from updates with a license change. Everything about these changes and the materials accompanying points to the latter.

I don't see Mongo announcing any litigation campaign for going beyond AGPLv3 permission. I do see Mongo drawing a new line in the sand, via a new license for new releases, that will be easier to defend against the specific competitors they see pushing the limits of the old line.
Yup. It set back LGBT rights by decades; there’s a sizable chunk of an entire generation of the community just gone, people who might today have become leaders, activists, and mentors for young LGBT people.

Reagan and the US government not only “turned their back” and failed to act for years, leading to conservative estimates of thousands of new infections that could’ve been prevented; they also also actively interfered: for example, Congress banned the use of federal funds for prevention campaigns that “promoted or encouraged, directly or indirectly, homosexual activities”. So a lot of the prevention campaigns became ineffective fear-based propaganda rather than what was needed: targeted education to vulnerable communities about safer sex and needle drug use practices.
>The fact that cryptocurrencies have managed to grow and hold their value for so long is in itself proof that the financial system is not working.

The fin. system is working fine. A lot of crypto is speculation, which has always existed in one form or another.
Trilobites: City Rats Eat Meat. Country Rats Eat What They Can
You think I’m saying Caesaropapism is true. I never said that, while you did say

> Worth noting, that unlike the western empire, that had the rule of the pope, the Byzantium had separate church and state.

The Wikipedia article on Caesaropapism is enough to disprove that, which is why I used it. The fact that there were disputes between the Emperor and Church does not change the facts that (a) It was usually the Enperor (b) By any modern standard there was no separation of Church and State.

The Saud family do not provide all the imams in their kingdom, nor do they unilaterally decide on doctrine in case of disputes. The ummah have substantial autonomy and can and do argue take part in political discussion.

If you’re willing to call that separation between Church and State we disagree only on labels. Otherwise you’re wrong.

I wasn’t arguing for Caesaropapism, just against separation of Church and State in the Eastern Roman Empire.
I always wondered what really happened to OO databases. They were supposed to be the future... 20 years ago. And then MySQL exploded and everyone went back to tables. What was the problem: speed, difficulty, price, all of the above...?

I’d love to hear an insider perspective from anyone who might have worked on those things.
GitHubs language for the new Actions feature is based on HCL, which is a superset of JSON (adding functionality like comments and other stuff).

https://github.com/hashicorp/hcl
Neither extreme viewpoint is good.

On the one hand, you are very correct to point out that the US is not a company or household, and that the US is a superpower that prints currency. Too many people ignore this. Another point, shared with less-sovereign governments, is that the US can impose tariffs and fees and other taxes.

On the other hand, the deficit leads to interest payments on debt. Defaulting crashes the economy, as does going to extremes printing money.
Thank you for the suggestion, that was a very enjoyable read indeed :)

Thanks to the author as well, for distilling so much information into the very readable document that this was.

One thing I am wondering about is in the conclusion of the document, the author says:

> You’d be hard-pressed to use CRDTs in data-heavy scenarios such as screen sharing or video editing.

With regards to video editing, could it not be rather doable after all?

Consider a non-linear video editing system (NLVE) [1] like Adobe Premiere Pro [2].

While the size of the video data source material you are editing might range into probably several hundreds of gigabytes for a 4K feature length film, the project file itself remains very small, because the video data is kept separate from the timeline data.

Wikipedia explains:

> Non-destructive editing is a form of audio, video, or image editing in which the original content is not modified in the course of editing; instead the edits are specified and modified by specialized software. A pointer-based playlist, effectively an edit decision list (EDL), for video or a directed acyclic graph for still images is used to keep track of edits.

Are these not in fact the sorts of data structures that would lend themselves the most naturally to being implemented as CRDTs? :D

As for the video source material that is used in the project, those files can be distributed by users outside of the editor software using for example BitTorrent, or they could be automatically distributed by the editor software via for example public IPFS or a private Dropbox folder, or if the users that are working together are on a shared network then the source files could be located on a shared NAS.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-linear_editing_system

[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Premiere_Pro
I might be able to help! If you have the same browser your playlist is store in html5 local storage. I was able to pull mine about 6 months after the service shut down.
Well that, AND prioritizing their Maps product above better offerings in the marketplace in search results early on in its lifecycle, when it was trying to get scale and data to improve while hurting competitors.
Is that 2008 based on data immediately before or after the largest economic catastrophe sine the Great Depression?
I think a good judge would be how you act when your not a founder.

- If your very frustrated working in an organisation but still give it your all

- If you occasionally tend to annoy co-workers with your enthusiasm or commitment (not for boot-licking purposes)

- If you constantly try to learn new things beyond your role

- If you really love building things (seeing the end result, not just the building part)

- If you view money as an "enabler" and not an end goal in itself

A trait thats typically lacking in "founders" but found in most business owners is a very innate understanding of money, profit/loss and business principles. IE selling things since childhood. This is obviously helpful, but it's not a requirement. Especially if your happy to aim for a moonshot rather than set up a small business. Moonshot's aren't generally the wisest financial bets - but are the most fun for the the people with the above traits.
An interactive visualisation of Ageing
The author of the answer is Jon Harrop, a well-known former Ocaml evangelist (and author of an awesome book, "Ocaml for scientists", [1]). He sometimes gets a bit too far in explaining the virtues of Ocaml...

I carefully studied the source code of FFTW a few years ago and read a few of Frigo's papers (e.g., [2]). The purpose of FFTW is to apply direct/inverse Fourier transforms to vectors of N elements, and it does so by employing a number of algorithms to split the data into many smaller chunks and then applying the transform to each of these sub-chunks. (This is basically the idea of the FFT.)

When a chunk is small enough (e.g., 10 elements), it can be worth to stop splitting it into smaller subpieces but instead to apply a direct brute-force formula. This is where OCaml comes into the game. FFTW's authors have written OCaml snippets to compute the Fourier Transform in a number of ways. This code is written using custom operators, so that the snippet is not compiled down to machine code but instead kept in a AST. An optimizing complier (written in OCaml) is then ran on the AST to perform a number of optimizations to the snippet, and finally output C code is generated out of the optimized AST. Among the optimizations there are some classical ones (e.g., constant folding); others are domain-specific, because they employ some property or symmetry of the Fourier Transform. The C code that is produced as output is taylored for some specific situation, e.g., direct transform of 13 purely real numbers.

The algorithm that takes N numbers and splits them in chunks is written in C, as well as the code that decides when to stop the recursive splitting and which OCaml-generated snippet is best suited for each chunk. Moreover, C is used for all the function that allocate and handle the many data structures used by the library. Therefore, it is a bit of a stretch to say that FFTW is written in OCaml, although its most interesting part (the optimizing compiler) is indeed. This is the reason why Frigo's paper [2] deals mainly with the OCaml part.

[1] http://www.ffconsultancy.com/products/ocaml_for_scientists/

[2] http://www.fftw.org/fftw-paper-ieee.pdf
You did see the part about "Trump supporters" didn't you?
Minor correction: it was IBM, not Microsoft
The US can also borrow at really good rates. If a business could borrow that cheaply it would be a no-brainer to take debt and build a new factory or whatever. Similarly, it makes a ton of sense for the government to borrow and then invest in future economic growth.
The fact that tulip bulb prices have managed to grow and hold their value [in 1636] is proof that the financial system is not working.

Oh wait...
There is absolutely zero reason why the concept empowering open source software, the free and open exchange of code and software, can't apply to the licenses themselves.

The reason I believe in open source software is that it empowers the communities and users behind the software, despite (and sometimes, in spite of) the leadership, nobody controls open source software. If the linux kernel went in a direction I didn't like, either with how they approve code change requests, or by adding in code that I don't like, I can subvert their control over the codebase with my own fork, with blackjack and hookers, and compete, because they ultimentally have no control over their codebase, it belongs to the community.

This should apply to licenses as well, there should be no authority, no gatekeeper, just the community.
I think you understand IPOs correctly, but you missed the bit where this isn't an IPO.

This is the bit where some firms say "hey, at some point in the future you should totally sell yourself through us, we think you're very likely totally probably worth a zillion dollars".

And then at some point in the future Uber will actually do an IPO with one of these banks, and the underwriters will price the stock at whatever level they're confident they can clear the shares, and it will be a lot less than $120 billion, and Uber will say "what happened, you said you thought we were worth a zillion dollars!", and the banks will cough and shuffle their feet, and tell some white lies, and blame the economic cycles and sunspots and the lack of vision of the institutional investors who bought the bulk of the shares.

But the reality is, nobody thinks Uber is worth $120B, and nobody (least of all Uber) should take the headline as suggesting that someone does. The $120B number is meaningless, it's just flattery to try and convince Uber to go with them for the IPO, where actual numbers will have to be pulled out of a hat.
Oh god. hcl is one of the worst parts of terraform. I really wonder what other declarative languages were considered for this because it feels like a very weird base to start with :/
It's certainly the same feeling I had back in 2010 when I knew I had to quit my job and start pushing Python for data analysis.
The deficit mainly matters because we have to pay interest on the loans we take out. If the rates are good, it's actually a great investment. If the rates are bad, it hamstrings future growth, because now the budget is spent paying back old loans instead of building new things.

Well, why can't we just print money? We can, but it runs the risk of inflation. Inflation is historically low, so yes -- we could totally just print a bunch of money to pay back our debts with relatively little risk of inflation in the short term.

Essentially, debt doesn't matter, except that we have to pay interest. Interest doesn't matter because we print money, except that it might cause inflation. Taxes "destroy" money to dampen inflation. Thus, we can pay off our loans, but that might cause inflation, which might require us to raise taxes not to repay the loans, but to prevent inflation.
You have posted twenty times in this thread, largely repeating the same material. Please stop.
The total level of household debt has grown, but

- the ratio of debt to personal income, and

- the ratio of debt to GDP

has decreased steadily and significantly since the financial crisis. These ratios are now the lowest since 2002.

Households owe more, but they are also making more money and creating more value.
jeremy this is a fantastic resource! thank you for setting it up. is there a way for the community to contribute datasets to the repo.

additionally havent had a chance to play with fastai, but does it have a common data representation class, like the datasetreader class in allennlp?
>MongoDB switches up its open source license

The correct term is forked. They forked the agpl and made modifications.
Agreed. The shares sold in the secondary offering were likely shares of common stock, whereas the last round of funding would have been a sale of preferred stock.

I would expect there to be a natural discount off the preferred valuation since the common stock doesn’t have the same downside protection. A 20-30% discount would not be at all unusual in my experience.
So that whole "it's all flowing though a single DC" thing for Signal - that has a name in this sphere. It's called "Don't Stand Out".

When five people call the known mob boss you follow all of them. Maybe one is just a friend from high school. Another is the mob accountant, another an enforcer, you're getting leads. But what if it's five thousand people - now you can't follow them all, it's overwhelming.

Knowing five people in your country use Signal puts them all on the watchlist. If it's five million that's pointless. Without "Don't stand out" the encryption used just makes you a target.

Barry, who uses Barry's very own private self-hosted server for a popular federated system, Stands Out. Message from Japan to Barry's system? That's for Barry. How do we know? Well Barry's the only one on that server, easy. No cryptography can fix this.

Don't Stand Out
Embarrassingly enough I had programmed for many years before understanding those concepts. I only knew them instinctively. Coming from a multi-threaded web framework background, writing heavily async code was painful. But it became so simple after learning about closures and lexical scope, and that's why I consider them to be JavaScript's main features, even though almost all other languages have them too. The main reason why I haven't moved on to another language is that I get PTSD (from maintaining multi threaded code with global variables) - when I see a variable or function that I don't know where it comes from, which is common in languages that does not support lexical scoped named imports.
This is something very new to me, thank you!

One question- what is it specifically about sleep? Have we figured that out yet? And when you say "only", you mean "only" or you mean 99.9% of time?
Multi 7
May I ask what’s ROE?
> In Lisp we know that (eql 1 2 3) is a "too many arguments" error. It doesn't just take 1 2 from the stack, push back the answer, and leave 3 beneath it.

That error also comes from the semantics. You can't tell that (eql 1 2 3) is a too-many-arguments error just by looking at the tokens. That could be a 3-ary function, or an "eql is not a function" error.

The parentheses in Lisp code certainly suggest a particular tree structure, but they don't require it by virtue of their graphical form. And once you're willing to look up the arity of functions, Forth is written directly in its own tree structure to exactly the same degree that Lisp is, just with structural markers elided.

Think about it another way: a classmate in compilers class asked me once how Lisp handled operator precedence. Obviously, with the tree structure of the code fully specified, Lisp doesn't handle operator precedence because the question can't arise.

Note that this is just as true of Forth.
> Solzhenitsyn

Was not a historian and his writings are valuable for his experiences and their literary content but not as an account of the entire Gulag system. That's why I told you (though I should have politely asked; it's just exasperating) to read a history book.

> Am I overlooking any other instances of triumph mentioned by Hosking?

Please read a history book!
Yes, you would think. But for some reason, a lot of interviewers seem to treat interviews as an opportunity for them to prove that they're superior to the person that they're interviewing.
>We couldn’t have built this without close coordination with Microsoft. The Snowflake on Azure project included many long phone sessions and meetings in Redmond conference rooms. Several new features were built with Snowflake in mind, including Azure storage soft delete and improvements to virtual machine provisioning. A big thank you goes out to the Azure team for helping us deliver together.

Good to know that you need long phone conversations and meetings and Microsoft to roll out special features to get yourself onto Azure. I'm sure they didn't intend it to be this way but not a good look for Microsoft.