skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Parsing is but 1/3 of compiling.

Markup languages are not generally thought of as programming languages, but maybe that's an archaic view.

At any rate, 90% of the material in this thread is way overkill if all one wants to do is parse Markdown.
What happened when MIT students used A.I. to make pizza
TLS has nothing to do with it, though, and TLS-or-not isn't relevant to the vulnerability. This exact same issue would be a problem with TLS enabled on Alpine repositories, because any mirror could have just served you a malicious package that passed the fingerprint check anyway, all with a fancy, validated Let's Encrypt certificate.

TLS only provides privacy[1]/some measure of inline MITM/tamper protection in cases like this, it can't fix a broken signing mechanism.

Now, TLS, as a mechanism for establishing tamper-proof connections can mitigate some attacks, but that isn't the same thing. For example, another post here links to a packagecloud.io blog about Apt-without-TLS being insufficient and being vulnerable to many MitM attacks. For example, an attacker without TLS can just strip the signed metadata info and hand it to you, or they can do a freeze attack, so you pick up old packages (that might have security vulnerabilities). But these problems fundamentally have to do with the design of apt's update mechanism, and not the lack of TLS on the repositories. TLS is the transport layer; apt is what has to enforce the security policy (and indeed, if your TLS-powered Apt mirror has gone rogue, it can still pull off many of the same attacks anyway, regardless of TLS.) It can only mitigate the issue, not actually prevent it.

Systems like The Update Framework (https://theupdateframework.github.io/) outline a design for secure update/package management frameworks that not only don't need TLS, but also are designed to prevent many of the problems that plague Apt, as well (freezes, rollbacks, endless data, etc).

All that said, TLS is great for a number of reasons and worth using and enabling where-ever you can, of course. (It's cheap these days, and PKI in general is impossible to ignore/live without, so you might as well jump on the bandwagon and be proactive!)

[1] Arguable, since the server can just log everything anyway and look at what you download. Most public package repository systems simply are not designed with transport-layer privacy in mind...
I am the GP and I didn't suggest that this was adding any sort of pro-human rights influence. Likewise I don't think that Google is really enhancing the "CCP's totalitarian goals".

My angle is very much one of realpolitik, as already mentioned, and outrage is either naive or disingenuous.
emerging market crisis already happening in Russia, Turkey and Venezuela
It sounds like you're comparing no credit to bad credit.

If you just don't have a credit history, then you're an unknown quantity, but most institutions will still take a risk possibly with some security. Everyone starts out with no credit so you have to start somewhere.

This is entirely different from someone who has proven themselves to be a bad risk by already refusing to repay their debts.
Thinking you are finished with a project, then taking on another project that's suddenly taking all of your time - while fixing bugs or making improvements to the previous one. Now you're suddenly under a lot of pressure.
That's fascinating. I can't even imagine what the federal government's response to an event like this would be nowadays. Arresting the governors? Deploying the us army against the state militias?
I think we're talking past each other a bit.

I responded to someone drawing similarities between Cambridge Analytica and Elon Musk's joint toke, claiming both were examples of "stupid media freakouts" which caused a drop in the stock price of their respective companies.

I think those 2 media events are very different from each other and have very different consequences for their respective companies. I might be proven wrong though if Musk is brought to task in front of a senate committee for his pot-smoking ways.

I agree with you that Trump's election may have made it more likely that Cambridge Analytica became a big deal in the public eye. There's more controversy to fuel media frenzy if the person who got elected is seen to have unjustly ascended the throne.
I enjoy the outdoors too much to enjoy LA. LA tries really hard to encourage you to retreat into an artificial bubble. Sure the culture is vibrant and the city is moving at all times of the day, but your life is sitting at home, getting into a car to your destination, spending your time in the destination, then driving home. Nothing really encourages to go outside, walk, or spontaneously go places. The summers are punishing, and the air is horrible. Most of the city is a concrete jungle unless you find a park or two to spend time in.

I want to have the outdoors everywhere I go, not specifically drive there.
Sweet! I will give that a try!
Yes, that's exactly the point I was making. C++ templates sit in this odd place between a macro system and a generics system--generics are the least powerful and most restrictive, macros are the most powerful and least restrictive, and C++ sits in the middle but its usability and ergonomics are exceptionally poor compared to either option.

However, in practice you often avoid boxing and unboxing in C#. This is due to the differences between the type system for C# and Java, with Java generics are built with type erasure which forces you to box and unbox everything. With C#, internally a List<T> will have a T[] inside it, and if T is a struct type you will not need to box or unbox it.

I'm not sure what examples you are thinking of where you are paying for boxing and unboxing due to generics in C#, I guess I haven't run into that particular problem. In general, generics in C# avoid boxing and unboxing. That's the difference between System.Collections (which doesn't use generics, and requires boxing/unboxing) and System.Collections.Generic (which does use generics, and as a direct consequence, avoids boxing/unboxing).
I maintain a programming language called Ferret [1]. You can read through the manual, it is a literate program, covers everything you need to implement your own lisp. Compiler, optimizations, runtime, garbage collection etc. [2] overlaps with [1] covers how to compile a restricted subset of Clojure to C++. If you are interested in interpreters [3] has an implementation of the "A Micro-Manual for Lisp - not the whole Truth" in C.

[1] https://ferret-lang.org/
[2] https://nakkaya.com/2011/06/29/ferret-an-experimental-clojur...
[3] https://nakkaya.com/2010/08/24/a-micro-manual-for-lisp-imple...
At worst, you'll get injured if you aren't exercising correctly, but it's never going to directly worsen decline.

Solving aging, mental or physical health problems isn't as simple as taking a dozen supplements. Obviously proper nutrition is important, but regular exercise is the closest thing we have to a panacea right now.
RE•WORK AI in Finance Summit New York
College students with no income can't actually get all that much credit for exactly the reason you mention. They can get a little sure, but not nearly as much as they can get in student loans.

And there isn't zero consequence to defaulting. They'll still take the couple grand you have in your checking account. And having crappy credit is somewhat inconvenient (for the reasons you mention).

It's about cost vs reward. If you've only got $5k in credit card debt then the reward isn't worth the cost. But if you've got $100k in student loan debt those costs start to look pretty small.
Mere Christianity by CS Lewis. As a teenager it gave me an intellectual basis for my faith and helped me see it could be defensible.

Darwin's Doubt by Stephen Meyer. If God exists methodological naturalism can't be completely true. This book helped me see that there's still areas science can't fully explain, like the information explosion of the Cambrian Explosion.

Please don't burn me at the stake.
arguable usefulness/value

Are regular cars useful? A self-driving car is just as useful for someone who can't drive: minors, many seniors, many people with disabilities - or people who just don't have a driving licenses, like me.
So, you're thinking those cosmic rays are really symbols in an alien modulation scheme? Quasars are really light houses...?
Actually we can see 100% of the em spectrum, we have tools and instruments, in fact that is what separates us from the chimpanzees you mention. Give your species a little credit.
no, but you should avoid foreign stocks and emerging markets. I think the S&P 500 has a lot of juice left
Hah... I suppose a neutrino detector could count?
I just heard that we evolved from mushrooms on the Paul Stamets talk with Joe Rogan but I can't find an evolutionary tree (including the one in the Kew report) that shows this clearly. Do you have any references you could share?
"And it makes for some good reading too, shedding further light on the reasons for the transaction than some previous pronouncements from the company - which didn’t really reveal why Dell was making the change given that founder Michael Dell often said that being a private company meant it was better able to serve customers."

Blinks

...what?

I'm pretty tired, but that paragraph is one run-on sentence fraught with bad grammar. I actually can't parse this article.
IMHO what happened is that several cities appeared 150 years ago, they grew and are still growing. Suburbs have grown but there are few cases of cities starting to emerge in the last 40 years and that is also a way to grow.
I went from a 5s to an X.

Typing this one-handed using the right-aligned keyboard.

There’s also an accessibility feature that allows for pulling down the display if you have trouble reaching the top-right.
https://github.com/minimaxir/hacker-news-undocumented#user-c...
Second Beautiful Racket. Good writing and approachable content.
You can get around LA without driving. Public transportation exists here. The bus network is actually quite good (coverage-wise) if a bit slow due to traffic.

As for walking, you could walk from downtown to Hollywood, Pasadena, or Santa Monica if you're willing to walk that far (9, 10, and 14 miles, respectively).
"Do you want to cancel?" <OK> <Cancel>
I'm sure I've complained about this before, I'd love to read a similar article to this that compares two quantities that share the same unit. Debt is in dollars and GDP is in dollars per year. Those are different units.

For example, tax revenue versus debt service payments -- or where are the debt service payments actually going? Or future debt service vs future tax revenue under different scenarios. Or for that matter, what are the actual constraints to borrowing and how can they change.
The mother of all cliff-hangers! :D
What would be your top 25 books then?
No.
I too once thought that NSA and other Western intelligence agencies were doing things we should avoid. But then I learned the difference between democratic and autocratic regimes' use of data collection.
In a word: rule of law. There are teams of judges that review surveillance applications. There are strong rules and laws to prevent misuse of data - NSA employees have been disciplined for violating the rules and reading data they are not supposed to. And in the West we vote for the leadership that supervises this effort - and the leadership changes. (we've had some election problems, yes - in part due to autocrats intervening in the West lately, but democracies are working to improve) It's not about people, it's about laws.

Autocratic countries don't have the same controls.

Also, in the influence campaigns autocracies have been running in the West, there's a ton of effort put into whataboutism - 'democracies do it too'. Be careful.
"Your comment belies a belief that peoples time or comfort are worth nothing"

You mention nothing about comfort, just wait times, which is essentially my point. Are people being left in extreme discomfort? If so, that is a problem. Health outcomes help paint that picture, and in most first world systems outcomes are good.
Other relevent factor: mainframes are probably not riddled with security flaws. If Iran used a mainframe in their nuclear enrichment facility, they might never have gotten hacked by nsa and friends.
Is that just required in storage formats (which on other platforms would just mean conversion when accessing files) or do calculations actually have be done in it (which would need to be simulated, more overhead and potentially harder to certify correctness)?
This is akin to the other "codemod" facilities Facebook already uses for large-scale refactoring in busy codebases (particularly, their JS codebases), but for Python (https://github.com/facebook/codemod, https://github.com/facebook/jscodeshift).
I think interesting edge cases include:
'empty cardboard box or log?'
'Deer just crossed road, is there another one close behind?'
'Driving temporarily on the wrong side of the street due to construction or a downed tree limb'
'Police directing traffic'
'Driving on wrong side of road to avoid collision'
'One lane bridges'
'Busy parking garage with blind corners'
'City Bus driver forces themselves recklessly into your lane'
'Other driver in round about about to cut you off'
'Pulling out to cross a busy 4 line highway with no median or traffic signal'

Not to mention, any snow on the road is going to make it supremely hard for a computer to determine where their lane is, or even the road is.
Flaws in firmware expose almost any modern PC to Cold Boot Attacks
This is for much the same reason that we could transport everything in our civilization by people carrying things around on Segways, but we don't, because why would we deliberately choose something suboptimal?

In some high profile military simulation exercises, the "Iran" side used motorcycle couriers to side-step the "US" advantage in signals intelligence. Perhaps other civilizations which manage to survive know something that prompts them to use highly directed, highly efficient spread spectrum technologies which are very hard for us to detect?

Perhaps the universe is much more dangerous for intelligent beings than we know in our youthful naivete as a species?
When cars don't crash
they won't have to be crashworthy. They could be much lighter.
"Some developers think it's too easy of a language"

Good lord, who thinks that? PHP is a terrifyingly complex and difficult language. I'm not saying it's bad, it's been very successful for its intended purpose. But, it is definitely not an easy language.

It's got thousands of standard functions in the global name space (admittedly, it has been recognized that this was a mistake, but it's all still in there), quite a lot of syntax, and some weird syntax that's unlike any other language, a high level of verbosity in many places (due, in part, to that whole thousands of functions in the global namespace thing, but also due to an apparent admiration for Java during a critical period in PHP development), a variety of quirks and inconsistencies, etc. PHP is a very big, very complex, language, that takes years to master. I can't see how it can be called "easy". Many other languages are much better teaching/learning languages. PHP is popular and widely discussed, which helps with learning it. PHP is also very easy to deploy, because it is the "standard" web language...you just upload your files to the right directory on most hosting platforms and you're done. That's great, but doesn't really make the language easy.
https://pastebin.com/aJQfubrK
That's why I think the future lies with a mix of (possibly layered) sensing and decision-making technologies. LIDAR + cameras + downloaded maps + machine learning + whatever.

The "until we can program computers to..." is a when question, not an if question. There's nothing about driving, in any situation, that doesn't fall in the face of "assuming infinite computing power and infinitely good sensors". Driving isn't a creative act, it's a responsive one.
I think there is more to life than just flesh and senses. Fundamentally, what makes living organisms "living" is the DNA (in primordial soup, it was RNA). Self-replicating systems lead to evolution almost magically... spontaneous processes (that minimize energy and are driven by thermodynamic imbalance) tend to create "competition" as they use up resources. The ones that make barriers or membranes, can protect the resources and end up replicating in larger numbers or faster.

We know that Carbon is essential in creating these self replicating entities. Its abundance is also known in the universe. So, it is not so unrealistic to presume that aliens won't be something that we can see on earth. I am curious of the differences of the forms of life that can originate though.

Imagine if we rerun 2 billion years of evolution again with a different initial conditions. Surely, we'd have different forms. Contrarily, eyes have evolved independently in many organisms over a dozen times. So, there is some commonality there. Just like the eye, there are many similar biological processes that evolve independently (arteries/veins, neuron, heart for circulation/extraction, ceramic structural components/bones, etc.)

I used to think about the same question that you are also wondering but the deeper you go down this rabbit hole, you are realize the importance of why things in living beings are the way they are. They're solutions (however imperfect) to an evolutionary problem.
I wonder how well this comment will age. Interesting times indeed.
Data bandwidth probably
I think it's hard to be done reliably. it would be very useful if done.
See "Untouchables" "Household servants" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_class_in_Tibet. It's Caste system pretty much like India (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_system_in_India).

Also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serfdom_in_Tibet_controversy

I don't really know why Caste system is not deemed a terrible human rights issue. It's a huge human rights abuse to me.
>You can maybe identify "traffic light", "car", "pedestrian", and "deer" with machine learning. That's just used to guess what they're going to do next. It's not used to decide if they're an obstacle. Obstacle detection and avoidance is all sensors and geometry.

Honestly, getting them to work to this basic level is the "easy" part. Real world driving conditions in urban environments are suboptimal at best. You're not only going to need a system that can navigate around and not hit things. You need it to be able to dynamically route around road-construction, do clever things to find parking.

Roads in most places aren't that well standardized. It takes a lot of small judgement calls for a taxi to actually do its job. Uber and Lyft still have trouble dispatching people to pick you up at your actual door!
I like the simple idea behind arcade games. Last week I played a free flipper game on a ps4. I enjoyed it. On the other side, modern games feel like hybrid bastardization of movies with near zero gameplay improvement over games 10 year ago.
> It doesn't explain what stops people from looking for jobs in other, cheaper places, which is something I'm struggling to understan

What's hard to understand? Moving anywhere for a new job is expensive, and most people (even those with well-above-median incomes) have no savings. Most jobs don't include relocation, and the first paycheck doesn't come for ~4 weeks after starting. That means that moving as one person bringing nothing with you, you still need to house yourself for a month with no income, likely no connections (since you've moved somewhere presumably away from the family/friends in your hometown), and where you have no idea about local circumstances.
Why would DNA be essential? Why limit "life" to just carbon-based lifeforms?
Never Miss This Breakdown Analysis Before You Choose to Use LMS Software
Podcast: Tesla Hidden Gems, Ford Trying to Stay Alive, and Big Crytpo News
The Google Cloud Developer Cheat Sheet
Could you provide information about Russia? I don’t see anything recent suggesting they are in a crisis.

Turkey is in a classic emerging market debt crisis, whereas Venezuela is a somewhat special case where oil prices are high and they have enormous reserves but they’re terribly mismanaged (to provide a huge understatement). Not saying you’re wrong about Venezuela, but they’re not the typical textbook case of an emerging market debt problem.
The first time your lane-keeping beeper goes off, it's a huge distraction. The hundredth time, it's normal, just one more sensory input. The time it saves your life, well...
Second this. I'm writing a compiler now (https://github.com/kitlang/kit) and this book has been invaluable.

A few other tips:

* Use a parser generator. Parsing is more or less a solved problem; get it out of the way as fast as possible.

* Writing a language that compiles to another language is very helpful as you can often borrow the underlying language's implementation of a feature. Doubly helpful if you can leverage the underlying language's libraries for things like syscalls.

* Make a todo list (I like Trello for this) full of self-contained tasks. Pick one at a time, think through how you would implement that feature, and go to work. Compilers look like a lot of work in the beginning, but if you take one step at a time, one day you'll look back and have accomplished more than you realize. The list can also be helpful to avoid scope creep; add any new ideas to your backlog and deal with them later.

* Write unit tests, as you'll very likely want to refactor something down the line. Once your compiler becomes complex enough, add functional tests that verify entire programs can compile and run and produce the expected output.
Sure. But, it feels like there is a lot of shooting the messenger here. There is obviously a fault in the housing market of Seattle. If there wasn’t, supply would have risen to meet demand. But, Amazon didn’t cause the fault. They just made it obvious. So, when shit gets bad, who does the pitchforks come out for? The ones who made the problem obvious.
The difference is that we don't lionize the actions of our ancestors. We acknowledge that the wholesale destruction of first peoples was a horrific act of violence, and the US does not cover up the ugly parts of its history. We talk about it openly.
Another one?

https://github.com/lihaoyi/macropy
Writing bash scripts.
Fantastic - but at what interval? Our lives may be measured in years, while another life form may measure itself in eons. How rapid must their oscillators be to download their own equivalent of Netflix? 1E-08 Hz? (Can we detect such slow oscillations? Is there a minimum timescale for consciousness?)
Related: Reading bash scripts.
I hear that. I was once employed as the sole full time internal webapp developer for a local company with 600-ish employees to serve. Over time, more applications == more code == more bugs == more features/improvements == more "customers" to interact with... Being able to move that quickly was a lot of fun, but managing everything was challenging.
We Are All Very Anxious (2014)
The Cloud Is Where Quantum Competition Gets Real
>That's not true. There's a lot of heavily serial algorithms which do not always work well on the GPU unless they are of a very large size, larger than most applications. This happens a lot in optimization and differential equations, two of the pillars of scientific computing.

And those situations tend to get a very minimal speedup from SIMD.

>Tim already wrote that article where it shows how Julia code generation can be faster in some instances for GPUs. https://devblogs.nvidia.com/gpu-computing-julia-programming-....

Yes, that's great, and would have made for an interesting challenge, rather than focusing on SIMD instead of serial or GPU performance.

>Where?

I didn't word it well, but I meant to say that Julia doesn't have much overhead compared to C/C++, unlike Python (what overhead it does have comes from garbage collection).
Incomplete or missing requirements. When it isn't clear what you are trying to deliver, you introduce a whole host of problems to the project.