skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
If we're going to live in underground habitats on Mars for humanity-backup, isn't it easier to just build underground habitats on Earth?

A few hundreds of meters down and the nuke risk is negligible. You can stockpile enough for hundreds of years at ~0 shipping cost. You can set up fortified ducts/purification systems to get oxygen from the surface -- with backup allowing a small population to live long enough for the surface to get tolerable.

Heck, even a full blown self-sustaining underground habitat doesn't seem out of question, since there's water readily available, plenty of perhaps geothermal or nuclear power power, and construction minerals. Destroying the Mars habitat might not be too much more difficult comparing to destroying this colony. If it has less than 10,000 or so colonists the US gov. or similar might even have a chance of keeping its location in secrecy.

Sure it doesn't cover all possible scenarios, but in terms of backup a conflict-resistant habitat here on Earth seems like the best bang for your buck.

Welcome to Zion.
Homeless web developer peddles résumé on Silicon Valley
Love that idea. So kind of like dribble but instead of screenshots of redesigns, it's the developed site?
I think that millstone (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17646166 )'s point was that the sense in which desugaring of monads forces evaluation order is the same as the sense in which

fma a b c = (a * b) + c

forces evaluation order: you need the result of `a * b` in `fma` in order to add `c` to it. One can argue whether both of these, or neither of these, have the evaluation order forced, but I don't think that it is reasonable to argue that one does and the other doesn't. (There is a slight artefact from the fact that addition is commutative, so that it makes no difference whether you compute `c` first and then add `a * b` to it or vice versa, but I think the idea should remain.)
I understand where you're coming from. Interesting times we live in, regardless of outcome.

I enjoyed this discussion. Thank you.
Russia Sells 80% of Its US Treasuries
Has the bug been fixed where it doesn't disable? I had to track down why my Nvidia GPU was being used all the time and killing my battery. Turns out it's iTerm2 and it isn't disabling the renderer correctly.
I think your academic career counts as experience.

I would think your best bet is data science/machine learning. If you have read and mostly understood ESL i’d think you’re basically qualified. Play around with Tensorflow/PyTorch and modern neural networks so you can say you know about deep learning.

Knowledge of “classical” statistics is a competitive advantage.

Perhaps frame yourself as a consultant or contractor, if you find you face age discrimination. The advantage of having an older person with experience and wisdom might be more apparent, vs competing for entry level jobs.
I won’t dispute that PHP is an objectively terribly-designed language and has many fundamental and unfixable flaws throughout its implementations and throughout the language itself.

I’ll also agree that the popularity argument is completely facile (bots cloning old WP stacks to create SEO spam does not make you popular, that spam being responsive does not make you the biggest mobile app language, etc), the people making those arguments know it, and they continue to say these things anyway...

But, why do you think it’s impossible to write good software in PHP? How long has it been since you’ve written something big with it?

I would agree that it’s unlikely for a PHP project to result in good software, especially if it’s big and has had many contributors.

But in 2018, PHP has typing, it has packagist and composer, its community has agreed on a standards org and is rapidly adopting those standards. The ecosystem offers tons of solid open source libs and frameworks. PHP has all the language constructs you need to organize your code and scale it to multiple devs (namespaces, encapsulation, etc).

Facebook is still using PHP as it’s primary language (as hack, which is basically PHP7 with some differing notation).

Laravel is directly competing with Rails and Django and is easily in the same league.

So why can’t good (web-based) software be written in PHP in 2018?
Well, ok. I see you decided to attack me. OK.
I am not interested in going into the fight with you, so I will answer just a few things I think people would like me to explain.

"My idea is 50% accurate?" - the question "How accurately do you think this idea solves the problem?" should explain that.

"Sorry, I can guarantee you that's not what you're doing." - great, how?

"but at the same time you're introducing a non-response bias" - so according to you paying to pretty much-untargeted people to answer questions is better than getting some of the relevant people to fill out the survey? Interesting.

"you're spamming hundreds of people to receive 25 survey responses" - it seems you know things I don't know then. I am not spamming people. I send them a request if they can fill out the survey to help a company. All of the people we contacted agreed to be contacted.

Only because you have not managed to figure it out, does not mean other people haven't. I am OK with running at no profit, for now, to build the brand and get my name out.
You can pretend like paid, barely targeted people are better than answers from real, targeted, unpaid people. But the reality is, that even if only certain % of people answer to our call, they are still targeted, and they beat paid survey takers by a mile.

Very classy of you to post this kind of biased and offensive comment.
>Not only do you get to use it's wonderful type system but you can compose together small imperative programs into bigger, more useful ones.

These bigger, more useful programs you can write with Haskell are pretty much unreadable though. There is a reason everyone is not jumping into the functional programming bandwagon, despite mature languages being available for 30+ years.
There are plenty of caffeine+theanine supplements available. I take them in capsule form, available from Amazon from all sorts of brands. Beware though, some really overcharge for them.
Yes, they are ensured that they answer anonymously.
When people complain about diversity in Silicon Valley, Asians don't count.
> Therein lies the problem with nuclear weapons: they will never be used to win a world war by a calculating Hitler-like figure, but they can be used to kill most people on earth by an irrational Osama-like leader.

Yes, but the reason that this does affect the existing threat to peace is that an "irrational Osama-like leader" will wage war and slaughter regardless. Nuclear weapons massively increased the collateral damage, but it was not what disrupted the peace in the first place.

Unless you consider "living in a cozy first world country while ignoring all war and famine" to be "peace". If that's the case, then yes, the collateral of nuclear war would suddenly be forcing you to be part of the world.

But again, I do not like these toys either. I just find the statement that they by themselves affect peace to be wrong.
I think you're mistaken.

I, like you, am riled up by people using puff words to inflate the apparent credibility of claims, often claims that have little or no basis for actual credibility.

But I think that "statistically speaking", as it is used by nearly all English speakers, means "speaking about these groups in aggregate", not "speaking as a statistician". It doesn't even mean something about an empirical basis, it means talking about groups. I agree pretty much entirely with freshhawk's analysis.

Now, aside from _word choice_, your skepticism about whether the original poster has any empirical basis at all for their claim... well, fair enough.
What you're referring to is essentially schwa-reduction. Unstressed vowels in English get reduced to a neutral vowel sound (represented by schwa, an upside-down e), and different letters are used to represent that vowel depending more or less on linguistic history.

But vowels do matter in English. Consider the following words that differ only in the vowel they use: bat, bait, bit, bot, bite, boat, boot, butt, bet, beat, bout. Furthermore, all of those words refer to very different things. Semitic languages are based on a triconsonantal scheme, where three consonants define a root, and the choice of vowels implies inflection. Dropping the vowels in Semitic languages does not impair meaning all that much.
> My own theory after digging sometime into Economics is that no one seems to have a clear idea what on earth we are actually doing.

I still remember the moment I realized this. It was on the first day of my first class in Economics 101, when the professor began by telling us that economics was a science built upon the assumption that people are rational actors. I thought about all the people I'd ever known, and all the deeply irrational things I'd seen them do, and got the sinking feeling that I had committed myself to studying a field of thought that had chosen the wrong rock upon which to build its church.
UPNP can be an absolute security nightmare however, it's the sole reason so many IP cameras, NAS drives and IOT devices are internet accessible.

It's your network of course but it would be the first thing I'd turn off.
The problem is you can't really know wether somebody tells the truth about his own religion.

I'd really like to know IF these anti-christianity rituals I've heard of are OLDER than the peace sign as anti-nuclear power symbol or not. IF they even exist.

I do not find neither Wiccans nor Evangelicals overly trustworthy on that account.

(I was hoping for a good link or two. Usually you get some good ones in the HN discussions, if you open your mouth.)
Definitely like the HN demo!

Few questions:

1. Is there a way to set different CSS for different breakpoints? It seems like if I tweak it for desktop size, it also applies to the mobile screen.

2. Is there an output that shows the full CSS diff so I know the extent of what I have to change, as a developer? Ideally you'd even be able to pull in source maps and generate a patch file for me to just apply.

3. Could you even make it so that this just generated a PR on the GitHub repo with the changes in the CSS/LESS/SCSS? Seems like that may require a lot more integration with the tooling, so might not be worth it.
Comparative advantage is an economic theory that says there is still gain from trade between asymmetric producers.

It is possible to have an absolute advantage in production of all goods, but still gain from trading with your inferior partner.

This is based on another of the foundational concepts in economics, that of opportunity cost.

Economics is debate-ably a science, but it is certainly a mature field of study. Much like other mature fields of study and technical fields, it contains jargon. Economics suffers exceptionally from the challenge of its jargon sounding like vernacular language.

You are not using comparative advantage correctly. The wikipedia article is relatively short and clear.[0]

That being said, your argument seems to be "efficiencies in production will drive the prices of goods down" and "humans will earn less money." There is a pretty big jump to "humans will not earn enough to pay the prices of the (now cheaper) goods they require to live."

Let's engage on that argument. Is it a fair (though obviously simplified) statement of your position? What leads you to believe that wages will fall to a greater extent than prices?

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_advantage
So did these truly “altruistic” companies give you equity commensurate with your contributions?
Can you please not political battle comments to HN? It leads nowhere good.
What does the employee's accent have to do with it?
It you turn parking lanes into driving lanes, you're not increasing the capacity of the existing infrastructure, but creating much more driving infrastructure. It also won't 'return' parking to the economy.

Consider the 'staying quality' of a <parking lane+driving lane+parking lane> residential street turned into a 3-lane thoroughfare. That's exactly the sort of dystopia that new urbanists and sustainable mobility advocates are warning about.
And gyms often lock you in for a year, so it's not like the people have forgotten about it... they just can't cancel yet.
I occasionally have the same experience when taking melatonin. It's bizarre.

I'd say 10-20% of the time that I take it, I am unable to fall asleep and don't become tired. The longer I stay away, I feel incredibly restless and twitchy to the point of actual anger. I'll lie awake in bed until 5 or 6 AM (after taking melatonin at 11pm or midnight). It gets to the point where I feel like I need to do some kind of physical activity in order to relax. My eyes and chest often feel heavy but my legs are tense, restless and twitch.

Sure seems like Restless Leg Syndrome just from proof reading this. Based on my first look into RLS just now, there could be a link to low Vitamin B, which could be triggered from a Saturday of drinking and then expecting melatonin on Sunday to set me up for a productive Monday.
Interesting - I thought you would end the argument differently. In my experience additional visibility helps curb the unwanted behaviour because other senior devs step in and help fight it - but I guess that depends on the general culture in the company. If that doesn't happen you have bigger problems anyway.
I like your point about software engineers. Economics, like software engineering, is a dynamic field where knowledge advances at an irregular pace.

IGM Economics Experts Panel is interesting to read example of an expert survey. Economists also self-report their confidence and how strongly they agree with a statement.

http://www.igmchicago.org/surveys/trade-disruptions
This seems like the most logical. Growing azure meant MS had to pivot. They finally embraced Linux/open source because without them azure would be doomed.

I really hope they continue doing so and it's not just an attempt to take over a market then lock it down how they want. What's the term? Embrace, take over, discontinue?
Let's Encrypt investigating a service disruption
Monad: if you have a data structure that wraps some value of any type, then you also have to implement the interface that provides `return` and `bind`

So it's a wrapper that implements a particular interface? Then why, oh why, do we have so many people who spout, "A monad is just a monoid in the category of endofunctors, what's the problem?" Gilad Bracha covered this in a talk once.

Because of the way the rules of the Monad interface are structured you're guaranteed that the functions you use to compose your Monads together will be executed in sequence with respect to their definition in your function body.

So it's a way of imperatively declaring execution sequence dependencies that lets you reason as if there's only pure functions most of the time. This seems to be the case for all functional programming languages/environments. When you get down to it, they're all, in the words of Garrison Keillor, "Pure, mostly."
There certainly are consistent answers in economics. But they tend to read more like safety rules than active policy measures. E.G. Regulatory price fixing below market rates will create shortages. The runaway printing of money will simply cause the value of money to fall relative to commodities (inflation).

Questions such as "What is leaving the EU going to cost the UK economy?" Or "When will we have the next recession and what will cause it?" Are much more nuanced questions. Mostly because markets are predictive, and any new information is immediately incorporated into those predictions. It is like asking "what sort of software failure is going to cause the next major computer breach?" If we knew the answer, we would fix it and our prediction would be immediately invalidated. Computer experts were predicting the rise of cryptolocker variants when Heartbleed & Shellshock happened. Then you had everyone auditing all their OSS stacks, when out of left field we get big news from Intel on Meltdown/Spectre.
Ah, it was showing up as a box in my browser
TypeScript isn't sound, so you can't rely on the types for optimization. The shape/hidden class optimization that JS engines already have is probably about as good as you can do.
The way I do things, is to treat the cable modem as already compromised and connect it to a router 100% under my control (running Linux) that will perform additional firewalling and/or act as a wireless AP. I will never let a border device have any sort of direct access into my internal network.

There is no point in spending lots of time & effort trying to secure half-baked half-open devices that are not under my full control. I will do what I can [or what I'm allowed to do by the usually severely restricted configuration modem panel] but I know the game, there, is already lost. Moreover, the ISP can remotely administer the cable modem and flash anything to it.

A second perimeter that is based on infrastructure I fully configure/control/administer is where I still have a chance.
There is WebAssembly for that now.
Maintaining digital records would probably require some man hours to watch them over the years, and you'd probably need to hire some tech labor to migrate the data every so often. That long-term maintenance cost can't be ignored.

But also don't neglect the long term costs of setting aside thousands of square feet, usually in an expensive metropolis, for storage.

I mean, I know as a programmer it wouldn't be a ton of effort to store a few terabytes on a local machine, make offsite backups, and write a program every 10 years to re-jigger the technology. Renting out an extra bedroom which I would fill with library shelves would be far more expensive.
>If physicists worked the same way, they'd write down random formulae and would then go out to find phenomena described by them.

So, String Theory?
Skype managed to do it for a communication app. Games do it all the time to prevents bots. How many AIMbots are there for on secured platform like PS4 or Xbox? There's none because its next to possible to do.

The fact that your running on phone makes it harder for hackers since there is way more sensor data you have fake and you have to take the carrier stuff because carriers allow you poll devices for things like E911 location. You easily detect if you're running on a simulator and most modern financial apps have this protection. How are you going to hook up a debugger on IOS device? There isn't a jailbreak for the current OS. Setup cert pinning on the app and you won't be able to even install your own trusted cert to look at the TLS traffic.
Upvoted because they mentioned Vue.
So, by their theory what happens if the central bank collapses NGDP by 20% tomorrow? Would that not cause a recession?

I simply don't see the need for a new theory. If you have a monetary contraction its gone cause a huge problem with wages and prices and that has been the most solid empirical result in economic history. It explains tons of stuff that simply could not be explained by this high debt theory.

So lets just look at some basic evidence for that.

As you can see here:

https://marketmonetarist.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/ngdp-ez...

Is is totally clear that in order to go back to the original trend inflation would have to be above 2% for a short time to get back to the level. However the Fed and the ECB were simply not willing to do that. The Fed often repeated that they would do 'everything' but then followed it up with 'but if inflation goes up we stop'

However that policy does not make any sense. The monetary disruption has already happened and then they are massively below trend and are unwilling to go back to the original trend.

This policy however is totally mistaken because it makes macro economic sense to go back to the trend as you want to stabilize long term wages and prices and not force the whole economy to adjust to a new level.

(Btw this is called 'level targeting' and has huge support from many monetary economist)

Now, some New Keynesian agree that this should be the policy, they like the term 'flexible inflation tarting' because they assume perfectly rational central bankers that will figure out the right number but essentially the agree that 'the right number' is going back to trend.

However some of them believe this is not possible because of the 'liquidity trap'. However here is where this recession actually showed that their assumption is simply false. Many countries, like Switzerland have shown that if the central bank is willing boosting NGDP with zero interest rate is no problem. This was actually tough in mainstream monetary macro books before the crisis but somehow this was ignored because 'fiscal stimulus' was the politically favored narrative.

Lets look at one economy that didn't have a recession. Australia is a good example, they never had a drop in NGDP and they didn't have a recession even when their housing 'bubble' and many other things are not that different from many other countries that had a recession.

One more thing:

> other measures are needed. These could include quantitative easing, forward guidance ...

Well, if funny how nobody remembers history. Before the New-Keynesian revolution some of those tools were called 'monetary policy'. This nothing new, but rather the way monetary policy has been practiced for a long time. Central banks that didn't build their entire operational model New Keynesian interest rate theory were perfectly able to act at the Zero Bound.

By the way this is in many way the same problem as in the early 1930s, the theory for this is nothing new. R. G. Hawtrey spend the whole 20s to try to explain people what would happen if there was a nominal contraction and he was exactly 100% on point.
We are so far from the goal of a “backup” for humanity thst there really is little point in considering it. We’re far enough thst it may turn out Mars isn’t an ideal choice either, and a deep ocean or series of orbital platforms makes more sense. We should definitely focus on the many steps between where we are now, and species survivability, with an emphasis on those steps which allow us to examine the next series.

Dealing with radiation in affordable and non-crude ways, homeostasis I’m artificial ecosystems, the impact of varying gravity of human physiology across generations, growing food in a variety of environments, our relationship to the bacteria which live in and around us, and how to replicate those effects in the absence of our biosphere. Dozens of other make-or-break issues before we can even have an outpost on a place like Mars that isn’t a glorified death sentence.

Colonizing Mars is nowhere close to a problem we know how to solve, unless by “colonize” we mean “stick some people there and try to keep them alive for as long as possible, while knowing that if Earth abandons them they’re dead.” We don’t even know if Mars is a good idea compared to other options we might invent or discover over the next century or three. Meanwhile I’d you want to survive a supervolano or asteroid, Earth is still a better bet than Mars. We still need Earth, and will for a long time, with a more likely Martian scenario being centuries of robots terraforming the planet in anticipation of human arrival, not humans arriving first in any serious way.