skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The temperature of a black hole decrease as it gets larger. A black hole colder than 2.7K will absorb energy from background radiation faster than it emits Hawking radiation. So it will get larger and cooler. Any black hole warmer than 2.7K will emit energy faster than it absorbs. This means it will get smaller and hotter, leading it to lose energy at an increasing rate until it has lost all its energy and evaporates.

The cutoff is at around 4.5×10^22 kg (about the mass of the moon). The event horizon at this mass is only 0.13 mm.
When we visited Yellowstone, one of the guides mentioned that Wyoming doesn't have any state income taxes. I suspect that might have something to do with rich people being officially resident there.
The Current State of Things
Imagine the most dystopic world you can:

- Imagine a world where there are computers, but their instruction set architecture and hardware is so complex that nobody fully understands how they work.

- Imagine a world where the education of students on computers is about drawing shapes, and they call it "science".

- Imagine a world where computers are driven by software written from 400+ million lines of source code.

- Imagine a world which was not able to show any kind of technological innovation in the last 20 years.

- Imagine a world where they capture every button you pressed down, where the network providers are directly connected to national surviellance.

- Imagine a world where there is a monetary incentive for defense contractors to create vulnerable systems.

- Imagine a world where computers require 1 billion transistors just to blink a cursor on the screen.

- Imagine a world where opening a generic picture file requires more complex algorithms than sending a manned rocket to the moon.

I have bad news: This is not imagination; this is the real world.
Just to give unspoken point of view, a scenario which i would like to pose: That Income inequality provides a kind of fiscal stability vs uncontrollable inflation.

If you overlay a chart of inflation on top of the chart of inequality you will find that maximum equality appears to correspond closely to periods of maximum inflation.

Governments from both sides of the argument have focused on reducing collective bargaining and on ensuring that efforts to rejuvenate economies, like quantitative easing via the financial sector and tax breaks are focused on the corporations and wealthy precisely because of the low impact this can have on inflation

The effect of these measures tends to pump money into the already wealthy while bulk of the population experience no-change.
Why the U.S. Needs Federal Data Privacy Legislation
iOS 12 Beta 4 Release: Real Cydia iOS 12 Update Download Now
This article, at least, talks about income, rather than wealth. Income we have a concrete measure for, at least, rather than attempts at estimation with giant unknown error bars. But income isn't a stable metric either. The IRS has been continually changing rules over time. Most notably, there has been a consistent push to crack down on "fringe benefits" and make them taxable. "Company cars" and things like that are essentially dead.

To some degree the changes in the income characteristics here reflect changes in the nature of compensation, from various tax dodges to just cash compensation. It was once easier to give executives a car for their exclusive use, rather than pay them the value of the car, since it was an allowable business expense. That is no longer the case (unless the car is intrinsic to their job) so rather than giving them a car and paying taxes on it, they just give them the money and let them buy their own car.

To what degree does this inform the changing characteristics of income in the top percentiles? That's an unknown question, but the best answer we have is just to assume that nothing has changed in the actual income distribution except the switchover from fringe benefit based compensation to taxable compensation. But that, unfortunately, renders moot the entire point of articles like this, about "worsening disparity", which is a convenient bogeyman to point to about the dangers of unchecked capitalism. So instead, we just pretend that this doesn't exist, and we continue to use made-up numbers to try to make a social point.
Just like I predicted!
From an attendee perspective I do remember those all night events to be quite fun, so I suppose that's why people do this. :) Honestly when I was younger, I was able to handle odd hours easier (that, or my tolerance for being sleep-deprived and off-kilter has gone way down). It helped that I was naturally a bit of a night owl, and it also helped that much of when I did this was when I was in college (much more flexible scheduling during those times). Back then the fun was worth any sleep-dep.

For others, some of it might indeed be helped by later work schedules as well -- a lot of service industry jobs for instance are not 9-5 and are more later shifts. On the other hand I do remember some talking about how little sleep they'd be getting before going into work, so...

On the organization side, I guess some of the reasons for many raves starting so late is that historically they often were after hours style events, sometimes semi-improvised and unlicensed. There was no liquor license getting in the way of closing earlier, and there's enough people that do want to party all night that it makes sense to do so. (It's not just restricted to electronic dance, where it is allowed, there are standard bars that are open 24/7).

I just chalk it up to a side effect of getting older. Even doing the standard dance club scene hours (which here often is a 10PM-2AMish scene, last call is 3AM here) would throw me off these days. (And I'm not even a parent, which I imagine cements your schedule even more!)
But comprehensions are also a functional idiom.
> Also, REST isn't HTTP, you can comply with the former even if you're violating the latter, and vice-versa

Exactly. Complex processing via POSTs instead of distinct URI-addressable resources is HTTP-compliant but not REST-compliant.
1978 RSA invention is when it happened in public domain, 5 years before that a guy at GCHQ invented a similar asymmetric scheme, which i'm sure was well in use by 1978.

replay attack does make sense, but isn't it identified uniquely by time? i mean the content of the payload is basically very accurate time. if a device notices the time doesn't change - it can detect spoofing.
I always enjoy HN discussions on non-technical topics, because the community here is far better (and slightly different) than others. Which isn't that difficult considering the state of online comments in general, but still...

HN (and the tech community) has a libertarian streak, in addition to being somewhat left-of-center. Stories like this tend to unite these fundamentally opposing constituencies, resulting in more substantive discussions than other political topics. It also helps that the story is fundamentally non-partisan, in that both major US parties can be blamed for the situation.

I still consider it a blemish on HN's conscience, and a failure of HN leadership's responsibility to the community, that topics where this community is in a prime position to actually affect change tend to bring out the worst in (some) people and have in effect been banned to keep the peace. I'm not just speaking of "diversity in tech", where I can somewhat see how it has the potential of instilling fear in those traditionally profiting from discrimination. There, I can at least understand the mechanism at work, even though I consider it logically flawed.

But even summoning all my powers to understand opposing viewpoints I cannot fathom why this community reacts as dismissive as it does to, for example, stories (and projects / algorithms / ...) of algorithmic discrimination in machine learning. It would seem to be a topic that's both interesting from a technological and scientific standpoint, as well as welcome to everyone working in the space and presumably preferring not to do harm vs the opposite.

My best explanation is that there is a fundamental disgust in the tech community now of everything coming from, or even associated with, the social sciences. My second-best explanation is that tech has taken a sharp right turn at some point in the last 15 years, which would also explain why I remember only united opposition against software patents, and support for open source, from the first slashdot discussions I read. Whereas today, I see lots of sympathy for software patents in HN threats, and Open Source (and especially the GPL) are often spoken of with disgust.
This is a little egotistical of you I think. It is only your opinion. A CEO is generally in charge of maintaining something that already exists. An artist is creating something from nothing. Maybe a 'founder' fits your example better.
I humbly suggest that that law has lost it's moral compass and needs to be addressed.

Once you reject the principle that "all people are created equally human", then you run the risk of being on the "wrong side", and treated in a sub-human manner.
My personal assessment of the situation, from someone that finds cash extremely inconvenient, and the cash I do have will sit in my money jar for years before I use it.

# Digital

Disadvantages:

- Possibility of a major provider going down (VISA and MasterCard both have recently) and leaving you stranded for a day

- Increased risk of fraud and scams

- Easy tracking of money

Neutral:

- Harder to pay for illegal items without risk (drugs, prostitution, etc.), possibly fewer to less of those things

Advantages:

- Contactless payments are fast and convenient

- Large money transfers from bank to bank

- Insurance on money up to £85k (UK) if the bank goes bust

- Ability to buy and sell different FIAT currencies quickly

- Need to carry fewer things, on the bleeding edge in a big city you don't even need a wallet or card, just your phone will do

Mitigations:

1. Have multiple banks with different providers, one VISA, another MasterCard, etc. The chances of two going down simultaneously is very low.

2. Use a credit card for purchases and never use a debit card online. Credit cards are protected from fraud and you won't be on the line to pay for fraudulent purchases

# Cash

Disadvantages:

- Lack of security, if you hoard cash and you get robbed, that's on you.

- Cash rot: If you keep it around for a long time and it's no
longer legal tender, it's possible you will reach a point where you will never be able to exchange it (UK)

- Possibility of getting fake cash. £50 notes in particular are not accepted in many places.

- (personal) more to carry, coins are a real pain and can pile up quickly (we really need a £1 note or something)

Advantages:

- Easier to give people money in person
- Arguably easier to budget
- Easier to buy illegal items safely

Did I miss anything?
A skeleton with a hole in the head found in 1975 is no longer just a ‘Jane Doe’
This is fascinating. Thanks for your reply! My information was pretty outdated.
We live in a world of marvels.

Often we talk of the future and it's wonders waiting to be discovered, but the here and now has become equally astonishing.

The breadth, depth and scale of human ingenuity and endeavour is jaw-dropping and here Simone and her story is another example.

Maybe I'm being trite by looking for the good in the bad but pause for a moment and think of all that has been learned, how we have built a society and developed infrastructure such that at this particular confluence of time and space we as a species are capable of performing this life saving surgery.

And half a world away I follow the story through yet more confluences of knowledge and development.

It is astonishing. i know it's tempting to take it for granted but take a step back and think about it for a moment. It's astonishing.

I'm 32. I can only imagine how much more marvels I'll witness in my life, either remotely or in person.
Perhaps. It is a shame because it prevents topics of interest from being discussed here when a vocal minority of accounts objects loudly. Someone mentioned the Overton window elsewhere, and this is such a clear example of gaming it.
Best Buy Is Thriving in the Age of Amazon
The “everything is important” paradox: 7 practical methods for prioritizing work
From the examples: "String s = gridWrapper.get(0).get(0).get(0);" - Java type system is broken!

Java is not perfect, but this looks to me like a broken code indeed ".get(0).get(0).get(0)".

Could we rephrase the message of the article as "If you write
really broken code in Java, you might be not guarded by the type system". And this is, well, uhm, well... acceptable?
21 years after, nobody cares about postscript.

This ends up being a good example of how decent tech fails if not backed up by reasonable commercial strategy. In the world we live in, it's not enough to be good - heck, you don't even need to be good at anything, just be good at marketing it.
I would argue that the fact it's in a design museum rather than an art museum makes it design in that context.

Speaking very broadly:
Designers manifest other people's ideas for money.
Art is more when you bring your own ideas into the world because you want to.
They use arxiv.

They can still publish in Elsevier journals, that's no problem. The only problem here is that starting now, Germans and Swedes will have to search with google and download from arxiv instead of from Elsevier. Well, and that Elsevier isn't getting paid.

EDIT: I forgot old papers. Lots of old papers aren't in arxiv, so Swedish/German researchers who want to reference a 1955, 1975, 1995 paper have a bit of a problem.
Rex 84
Even that is resourceful routing, just with nested resources. Doing a flat out custom route is even easier:

class AsController < ApplicationController
def custom
end
end

routes:

resources :as do
member { get :custom }
end
That's put a smile on my face to see her looking well but ouch, that's quite a bill. I had a transnasal craniotomy (surgery through the nose) back in 2012 to remove a pituitary tumour. Not technically brain surgery, but they did need to cut a hole in my skull to get to it. I spent a week or so in ICU to recover.

Luckily being UK based I didn't have a bill of any kind to pay afterwards and was paid in full while I recovered.
My favourite feature of Java's type system is that, because any object type also accepts null, the type system is unsound and you can convert anything to anything else:

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/namin/unsound/master/doc/u...
I just took a look as well and found this [0]:

<!--
So this guy we just interviewed at my
current job wrote this little script
to see if a product update for some
company had come out. Every 10 seconds
the script urllib'ed the page, checked
the length of the html - literally
len(html) - against the length it was
last time it checked. He wrote a blog
post about this script. A freaking
blog post. He also described himself
as "something of a child prodigy"
despite, in another post, saying he
couldn't calculate the area of a slice
of pizza because "area of a triangle
with a curved edge is beyond my
Google-less math skills." Seriously
dude? I haven't taken geometry in 20
years, and pi*r^2/8 seems pretty
freaking obvious.

The script also called a ruby script
to send him a tweet which another
script was probably monitoring to text
his phone so he could screenshot the
text and post to facebook via
instagram.

I think the "millenials" get
undeserved flak, as all generations do,
for being younger and prettier and
living in a different world.

But this kid calling himself a prodigy
is a clear indication of way too many
gold stars handed out for adequacy, so
to ensure that no such abominable
script ever does anything besides
bomb somebody's twitter account, this
comment shows up exactly 50% of the
time, and I encourage others to do
the same.
-->

[0] view-source:https://www.stilldrinking.org/programming-sucks
The Beginner's Guide to Dimensionality Reduction
> why the US is involved in the conflict there in the first place?

Active and believable threats directed at the US, including sending resources and fighters to actively engage the US. It'd be great if we could give just give Iraq a ring and ask them to go shove a boot up these folks other-sides, but since they're massively losing cities and land to these warlords, they're not really in a place to handle the situation themselves. Something about a terrorist group taking large swathes of your land, borderline enslaving your people into forced labor and selling the pretty ones as "wives" to be raped endlessly kind of makes it hard to function as a normal country.

> to what extent the US is really threatened by people on the other side of the planet?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_li...

+ June 2016

+ November 2016

+ October 2017
> Suppose for a second that the US was at war with Canada and John Doe was an American citizen

You are in table-top-gaming territory. Constructing arbitrary hypotheticals as your base condition doesn't make your arguments stronger, it makes them apply to a non-existent universe.
It's exactly what's being discussed here. Historically, this kind of operation is the norm rather than the exception. If you walk around the Louvre or the Met, a large proportion of what you see will have been painted largely or wholly by an apprentice or assistant. Many Renaissance and Baroque masters ran something akin to a factory, with each painting being the product of several artists specialising in a particular task. The idea of art as the personal product of a singular genius is largely a work of romantic mythology, continued into the present day as marketing puffery for the art industry.

Are you morally outraged that Marc Jacobs does not personally cut and sew every garment bearing his name? Are you shocked to learn that many pop stars are entirely unable to write, produce or play music?
Lots (rich) of people from Silicon Valley have second homes there. Its lampooned on the tv show Silicon Valley.
It's like everything else in openbsd. The people who don't use it don't like it; the people who live with it every day for years realize benefits the haters don't perceive.
This type of largess reminds me as an engine mechanic of a customer who paid us to turn his sons new mustang into a race car for just shy of a 23k USD birthday gift. When we were finished, the car sat at nearly ground level, only properly ran on premium petrol, and could clear a quarter mile racetrack in just under 11 seconds. The owner returned about a week later complaining the car had to be leaking fuel, because the vehicles trip computer registered an in-city mileage of 6MPG, and a highway MPG of just 8. We also had to explain that racecars do not have air conditioning, and hence theirs had been removed for power and weight improvements.

Go for the gusto at your own peril. There are probably compromises most customers enjoy without noticing them in smaller mattresses.
For read and search operations I typically rate limit per machine based on probability that machine gets hit using machine signature. And as a secondary (more leniant metric, just IP).

I don't centrally track rates unless a signature comes close to 1/N the limit where N is the number of nodes. At which point I will talk to the other nodes Peer to Peer.

Can still be abused but works pretty well most of the time. It also doesn't work if you have a number of nodes that is approximating your rate limit because if you do, you hit 1/N on request #1.

For that reason I tend to choose pretty lenient rate limits (call it one request a second with bursts in a 5 minute window)

For write I use OAuth2 with bearer tokens being a JWT token with a short expiry. I only need to maintain a blacklist of invalidated tokens for the length of the expiry. Rate limiting would work the same way as reads.
If you look at the numbers, it's really not. I know a lot of people don't give a hoot about Wyoming, but if you consider:

1 - Its one of the least populated states, with a mere 580,000 people living there, but ranked in the top 5 in GDP per capita

2 - Mining fueled more than $11 billion in GDP in 2011, with the manufacturing, real-estate, and transportation industries also contributing strongly to its economy.

3 - Coal mining has been a boon for the state: According to the Energy Information Administration, Wyoming boasted nine of the 10 top-producing coal mines in the U.S. last year, with two mines alone making up 20% of total American coal production

4 - Peabody Energy (NYSE:BTU), the biggest public coal-producer in the world, operates Wyoming's largest coal mine, the North Antelope Rochelle mine. That mine produced more than 105 million short tons of coal in 2010 alone for Peabody. The company also operates the 10-largest coal mine in America: its Rawhide mine, also in Wyoming, with 2010 production of more than 11 million short tons of coal.

5 - Crude oil: Wyoming produced 53,400,000 barrels (8,490,000 m3) of crude oil in 2007. The state ranked fifth nationwide in oil production in 2007.[65] Petroleum is most often used as a motor fuel, but it is also utilized in the manufacture of plastics, paints, and synthetic rubber.

6 - Trona: Wyoming possesses the world's largest known reserve of trona,[67] a mineral used for manufacturing glass, paper, soaps, baking soda, water softeners, and pharmaceuticals. In 2008, Wyoming produced 46 million short tons (41.7 million metric tons) of trona, 25% of the world's production.[67]

7 - Wind power: Because of Wyoming's geography and high-altitude, the potential for wind power in Wyoming is one of the highest of any state in the US. The Chokecherry and Sierra Madre Wind Energy Project is the largest commercial wind generation facility under development in North America.[68] Carbon County is home to the largest proposed wind farm in the US. However, construction plans have been halted because of proposed new taxes on wind power energy production.[69]

8 - Uranium: Although uranium mining in Wyoming is much less active than it was in previous decades, recent increases in the price of uranium have generated new interest in uranium prospecting and mining.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming
PostgreSQL LISTEN/NOTIFY
What if cars had rear adaptive cruise sensors? They could modify their follow distance by averaging the follow distance of the car behind them.
* The Java is broken
Is a type system really worth that much if it can't help you in a situation where your code is ugly and hard to follow?
Own the Internet
You can't, but that is the point: there shouldn't be a way for governments to legally go around assassinating random people without due process.
Apple service document confirms new MBP keyboard designed to fix dust problems
A crowbar is not "small stuff on the tracks". Have you ever seen a train?
> they are effectively a foreign terrorist

Part of the problem is that if you haven't given them a fair trial, you haven't proved they're a terrorist rather than an ordinary member of the public.
Yes.

The productivity gains from having a client-server interface that is dead simple to reason about more than made up for the initial investment cost. We can refactor API schemas without worrying about breaking existing client code. We also saw performance gains from saving on network round trips.
Java generics are broken? What else is new?
I'm a big fan of your videos. Thanks buddy!
So the "murkiness" apparently comes from:

A. America tries to have a high standard of justice and the value of a life

VS

B. Countries at war usually will summarily kill enemies, defectors, and often innocents for convenience sake with 0 recourse or oversight.

---

I think the questions we need to ask are whether these looser moral standards we apply to actual wars should still apply to the situations overseas that are not declared wars by congress and have been going on for over a decade and involve targets who are not armed combatants on the battlefield.

We also need to ask at what point is a justification owed to the american people on this.