skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The PhD first really became a requirement for professors wanting to teach at SLACs around the 1940s. Prior to that point, it wasn't that uncommon for you to find teachers that "only" had BAs. This transition (a BA being the minimum to a PhD being the minimum) occurred substantially earlier at large universities [0].

During the period between the 1940s and the late 80s-ish, the PhD involved research, but not with nearly the same competitiveness as today. As such, budding candidates were able to devote substantially more time to developing their pedagogical skills (even in the past this viewed more like an extracurricular pursuit, but a lot of PhDs took it seriously enough that they got really good at it).

The folks who came out of this era had dual competencies in teaching and research. The need for research skills primarily was to help more advanced and motivated students (juniors and seniors) to get some limited research experience on-campus.

Sometime between the late 90s and early 2000s, the balance in competencies shifted due to hyper-competitiveness. As a result, almost no PhD students today really focus on pedagogy and it is still treated as an increasingly neglected extra-curricular pursuit. This has become a very big problem for SLACs, since almost all PhDs coming out now are enculturated to feel that they have to create a large research program, and almost view working at a SLAC as a "backup" option if they don't land a large university job rather than a goal in and of itself. SLACs have had to compensate for this by offering increasingly attractive incentives / research starter packages to get new faculty.
This trend is also being aggravated by helicopter parents who now insist that their children participate in research at increasingly younger ages (oftentimes high school) so as to pad their resumes for med school.

[0] https://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Pajares/octopus.html

Disclaimer: Source for some of this is free recall from a temporary job in SLAC archive. Some of it may be wrong. Visit a SLAC archive if you care enough to verify.
If you have no results, there's nothing you can do.

However, unless you stumble upon something that works out very nicely right before a deadline, a publication requires planning many months in advance what you are going to do.
Log them and build things with the wood.
That interpolates look to me significantly worse in case of highly volatile volume affecting reactions, like the ballon and the the immediate jelly post-impact sequence with the racket. There a clearly still hard limits to what you can believably hallucinate without knowledge of the higher frequency processes that have not representation in the source material and are to chaotic to be learned from watching random 240fps videos for training.

Also for a research output the ground-truth real slomo vs. super slomo is missing to make a proper quality assessment. The paper itself only list some fairly low-frequency inbetween frames as reference for comparison with other methods.

https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.00080
There is nothing to guarantee that if the plea system magically disappeared overnight that both the innocent and guilty would get two years instead of twenty. It therefore sounds like your argument isn't really with the plea system. It is with overly harsh maximum sentences.
Indeed. We need to get the CO2 out of the atmosphere, or else we still end up with ocean acidification. Higher base CO2 level will also soon begin to impact human cognition - it only takes 1000ppm for CO2 to begin to have an impact on our mental performance. If outdoor CO2 levels are high, ventilating buildings will become less effective.
Maybe its 'cause that maximum potential or whatever is what got us into this mess in the first place.
I'd imagine it isn't, at least depending on how you define API compatibility, and whether you're only looking at the API interfaces. Imagine two versions of a library that implement the function "add".

Version 1:
add Int -> Int -> Int
add x y = x + y

Version 2:
add Int -> Int -> Int
add x y = x * y

Both versions expose the same API interface, but the functions that conform to that interface are semantically different. A stronger type system could probably differentiate between the two functions, but I doubt you could generally compute whether both functions implement the same behavior.

Perhaps with some sort of functional extensionality you'd be able to compute compatibility perfectly, but I can't imagine that ever being feasible in practice.

That being said, what Elm does offer is still a huge improvement over humans trying to guess whether they made any breaking changes :)
This is an economically well informed response so thanks for writing it.

The economist in me shakes my fist grumpily and says: You're contributing to an inefficient market by being opaque with your explicit preferences.

Your point however I think about companies not giving data back to you is an important one, because I think it's true in some ways and false in others. True in the sense that - lets use google for example - you don't know the exact composition for how they make decisions internally. However, I would guess that Google doesn't even know that.

Further, Google puts out a lot of information to shareholders and in their Annual reports, more data certainly about their finances than you send to Google - so it's not exactly the case that you aren't getting really good information on them. Not to mention the hundreds of articles daily on their current and future operations and products. I'd say you probably have more access to data about Google - in aggregate, if you want it - than they have on you.

The economist's dream is that we all know our own pricing sensitivities and desires for goods and services, share that with the market, and the market responds by providing those goods and services at marginal cost for a supremely efficient market. That's kind of the goal of economics - perfectly predict human desires and build systems to facilitate those.

You're response proves what we know however that individuals, companies or otherwise, are incentivised to not create efficient markets, but rather maintain information assymetries so that they can individually extract the most out of the market.

I guess that is to say, I had never thought about that from the perspective of the consumer wanting to maintain the information asymmetry, I had only ever thought about firms trying to maintain the information power. It's an interesting and different way to think about it. Thanks.
The two projects collaborate a lot, documenting and implementing APIs.
> The 20 (that seemed high to him for a 2 year plea) is a fuck you for going to trial

So you get an 18-year "fuck you" for invoking your Sixth Amendment right to a trial by an impartial jury of your peers?
"Clog the docket"? Why isn't the court system appropriately scaled to give each defendant their Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial? Because fuck them, that's why.
At 25 I got the first job I was good enough enough to have a real positive impact in my company. I'd been programming video games since I was 7, then got my first professional job at 16. Building business software in the late 90s exposed me to a bewildering sea of horrible technologies, overcomplicated architecture and process, and a lot of people much older than me pretending they knew what they were doing--and I didn't know any better at the time. The software world at that time was beige, mean, boring, and way, way too complicated. Moats at this time consisted of massive proprietary projects with vendor lock-in the main objective. The magic of the tight knit 80s hacker scene the had enchanted me as a child had faded and the excitement of the post dot-com bust was still to come.

But the dot com bubble burst and just a few shitty years later I turned 25 just as a new era was starting, there was so, so much I had still to learn, but now I had 18 years under my belt and secured a senior position at an energy company a few days after my 25th birthday. I wrote an important control system, the first program I'm still somewhat proud of/not completely embarrassed by over the next few months, today the oldest software I have written still in production now, 11 years later. It was the start of a beautiful age of software development, of increasing simplicity, openness, and kindness, and the world we developers live in has bloomed with color and been framed in elegant design. The logos of the companies we work for, our offices, our computers, our IDEs and our code are a delight for the senses. Code has bled into popular culture, and the social stigma that being a programmer once carried has been replaced by a certain amount of respect. It is an amazing time right now to be a programmer, and at 25 you missed a lot of misery.

Having said that if I could go back I'd say to myself, enjoy yourself more. Figure out where you want to live and move there as fast, put down roots, make good friends. Friends get very difficult to make past your 20s. Don't waste your time on people/projects/technology/companies/features that aren't worth it. The greatest asset you have is time, it is easy when you have so much to squander it. Get really good at your core skills. A job you are really good at and people respect you for is 1000% more fun than the same job you suck at.
This shows you just do not understand either free or open source software. Plenty of companies in open source are "private companies compelled to compete in a free market." Indeed, this describes nearly all the money that drives open source development. Red Hat isn't running a charity. Neither is Google.

RMS is as fundamental as they come and even he has no objection to selling software.

People are taking insult from what you say because you misrepresent their position.
The Meta-Machine Code (MMC) Tool
Thank you for this link. I'm startled at how clearly it describes these traits. I will read the entire document. Thank you again
What I’m missing in these kind of articles is an overview of different schemes to prevent damage causes by climate change, and, then a discussion of the ROI of each scheme.
I guess I don't need to touch-to-auth when I start every work day ;)

Our internal gmail might not require it every day, but most systems at Google do. You can't get very far without it.
What contradiction? It just plain isn't part of the threat model. Was that not clear?

Although, actually reading the spec, it can actually double as a bit of extra authenticator of the website. Any site has to first request registration (client uploads a new, unique, opaque key handle/'credential id' to the server, along with its matching public key) before it can request authentication (server provides credential id and challenge, client signs challenge).

A credential ID is a unique nonce from the device's global counter, signed by a MAC. The real site will already have a registered credential ID, which the device will take, verify it, and use the nonce to HMAC the private key back into existence.

A phishing site you've never visited before will have no credential ID. Any fake ones it tries to generate will be rejected since the MAC would be invalid. One from the real website won't be accepted either, because the MAC incorporates the website's domain, too. They'd have to get user consent to create a new key pair entirely, which a user could notice is completely different from what's normally requested at login. Then they'd have to consent again to actually authenticate.

https://developers.yubico.com/U2F/Protocol_details/Key_gener...

https://fidoalliance.org/specs/fido-u2f-v1.2-ps-20170411/fid...
But is the alternative mass displacement and deaths? How about reducing carbon footprint? For example - wash our dishes in cold water? People live in deserts too, and they eat from clean dishes using maybe 5% the water we do in cities. How about reducing our dependency on private cars. We humans are responsible for our lavish lives, and therefore rising temperatures. We could stop eating beef but we don't care enough about our planet's future. Try these for unpopular opinions. Do we really have to live such carefree lives?
Rule #0: choose first principles over machine learning.

ML is a last-resort for problems you don’t understand. There are lots of these, but understanding the problem is better.
Bit of a meta-comment, I wonder why there are so few comments on a submission with so many points, compared to others in the same point range. (100 pts and 5 comments at the time of me typing this comment.)
What are the downsides of this? Imagine the earth is getting warmer, but we have walls holding back melting ice. What is the implication to the earth of a warmer planet with lower sea level ? Historically, temperature of earth and sea level have been very correlated. What happens when we interfere with that?

I am thinking about things like mass desertification, changing currents, etc.
The soap opera effect comes from high FPS playback vs. the aqcuired taste of the 24fps cinematic framerate which is independent of the topic of slow motion and is technically not a flaw, it's an aesthetic preference.
It does generalize, but not all the way. You can't perform while loops (or anything with unbounded runtime) or operate on anything with unbounded (secret) size, so it isn't Turing complete.

You can do anything expressible as a bounded-depth (non-cyclic) circut of eg NAND gates. You can also do something like [a][+ b][+ c][+ d], where each [] is a new homomorphic operation, which gets around the bounded-size problem somewhat, but the attacker can obviously see how many chunks you're working on, just not the content, which provides some traffic analysis vulnerabilities.

All in all, it's a very useful tool but I don't really like the way people keep presenting it a silver bullet, like "yay, once we get this working we won't have to care that the cloud is full of phantom trolleys armed with hammers!".
How U.S. intelligence agencies can find out what Trump told Putin
Which should really be the point of refugee programs in general. Focus on stabilising and upskilling the refugees, as well as working internationally to stabilise the home country, and then have them return after a few years. Those returnees can then be positive impacts on the entire country.

By contrast having people come in and sit on welfare for generations is much less helpful.
> Android (almost useless without the Google stuff, plus 99% of Android apps are unfortunately proprietary)

An open source GMS implementation exists, and might gain traction with the recent Android/Google antitrust lawsuit in EU. Have you tried LOS + microG recently? Have you seen the utter garbage frolicking around on Play Store? Quality, not quantity. At least with F-Droid, you know what you're getting. Same with Aurora, as it has Exodus support.
Our Alternative Journey to Alternative Finance
An improved version (with a video demo) already submitted 8 months ago (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15706120).
And yet, it clearly does (work).

When it doesn't (work), it is NOT because of a failure in the language; It is because C has (and always will have) the "basic philosophy that programmers know what they are doing;".

Criticising C, is like criticising assembly. What's the point?

If people want to criticise a programming language, then they should always start with C++, not C.

C++ was designed to allow us to develop bigger and more complex programs, and yet, C++ inherited from C?

How stupid was that! But people are happy to give out various awards and medals to the person who made one of the dumbest decisions ever made, in the whole history of computing!

Leave C alone. It's fine. It's C++ that is the problem.
I forgot to add SROA to the list. DMD does a limited form of SROA I wrote as a proof of concept, it should be generalized.

https://github.com/DigitalMars/Compiler/blob/master/dm/src/d...

I've also written a loop unroller, but it can be improved:

https://github.com/DigitalMars/Compiler/blob/master/dm/src/d...

My evaluation was based on comparing the code gen output of the various compilers, not looking at how they were achieved.

As for SSA, DMD's optimizer is based on an intermediate representation that is a binary tree. A binary tree is a form of SSA - each operator node is a value assigned once and never modified.

> Respectfully

No worries. I'm used to people telling me I can't do things :-)
I actually have a Dell tablet style laptop that I really wanted to install Kali on, for some basic playing around with pen testing, but I was unable to ever figure out how to get it to properly dual boot in anything but a “live” configuration. (Not a deal breaker but for my application not as useable ).
I may have to give it another shot. Sadly, I absolutely am tethered to Windows for work however.
The main benefit is that the number should always be increasing. The moment either key uses an old number, the service knows the security device was cloned. The attacker will have to be sure not to increment it more than the target or else an attempt by the target would notify of the cloned key.
Some alarming spots - the ice skates on the hockey player, the planted foot on the dancer - but otherwise it looks pretty convincing.
Interesting comment, but let me ask something. When you say younger people are more interested in buying from small individual sellers, does that include in rural areas, which is what the article is mostly about?
Every time I read something like this I think; What would it take to actually block the sun like Mr. Burns? And, would there be any downsides to attempting this?

Partially block of course. I was in Maine last year during the big solar eclipse (in the US); I don't remember how much percent of the sun was blocked in that location but the temperature dropped several degrees and outdoors it only visibly got slightly darker in mid-day.

I'm completely naive and ignorant about the practicalities of space stuff and climate science. But it does always pop in my mind as the obvious way to cool things down.
Well, I can sympathise with the “this is going to be unpopular but...” cos that’s where I’m going too, though a bit different to you.

A very large number of human beings, even among those that accept the science of climate change and it’s likely consequences, have proven remarkably resistant to ANY persuasion to voluntarily moderate their lifestyles even a little to make the kind of changes that, if they were made en-masse, could mitigate the worst impacts. They are even MORE resistant to even mild attempts to impose change by way of a carbon pricing mechanism. God forbid I may have to pay 5% more for certain goods, or that I should sacrifice one of my SUVs.

My main gripe therefore with these geoengineering proposals is twofold.

1. On what planet where we we’re not willing to pay even a modest price on carbon, are we going to be willing to pay trillions for geoengineering projects?

2. Geoengineering is yet another reflection of that innate human desire to externalise costs as much as possible. Whether that be the cost of labour, pollution, or climate change. It’s always the ‘other’ that should bear the worst costs - the third world, the whales, the forests, whatever.

The attitude of placing greater importance on ‘us’ over everything and everyone else is exactly what got us into this fine mess, AND STILL IS. You may think your view is unpopular but only insofar as people don’t actually want to hear the truth about themselves.

Note: I’m already aware that my two points may be slightly contradictory.
I presume you're measuring the speed of building DMD? An optimized build of DMD (measured by `time`) takes 150 seconds on my machine. Meanwhile, a build of LDC on this same machine takes a little over 21 minutes (not counting LLVM, which was pre-installed).

Since LDC uses DMD's frontend and LLVM as a backend, it would suggest that LLVM is the bottleneck here. Like LDC, Rust also uses LLVM as a backend. It's well-known that LLVM isn't exactly the nimblest of drivers, but makes up for it with high-quality binaries.

There are tentative future plans for an alternative Rust backend based on Cretonne that, like DMD, would produce slower binaries in exchange for faster compilation: https://internals.rust-lang.org/t/possible-alternative-compi...
I think it's tragic that they low ball international students that way. Many of the ones I have met work exceptionally hard; including doing activities like you mentioned.
As some other commenters have stated, I'm not really following your logic.
What if now it’s the only thing that could get us out...
Exactly. While "the scientists" are working on the problem, we can just continue pumping billions of tons of CO2 into the air and sea and millions into our bank accounts.

We know what to do: stop burning carbon, we have the technology today to replace carbon energy, we just want to do it as cheaply as possible without disrupting the Koch brother's revenue stream.
>the "network" part is about how users can have profiles and use these profiles as their portfolio.

I'm not necessarily sold on their premise, but the network part is about types of fields where professionals are not interchangeable, so relationships, vetting, recommendations, professional cooperation are important dynamics.
DRAM is not that dense; you can fit 128 GB of DRAM or 512 GB of XPoint on a DIMM. XPoint is also supposed to be cheaper than DRAM.
It could still be susceptible to a user mistaking fakegithub.com to github.com, but a pairing with github.com will never work with a request from a server from fakegithub.com. Likewise, github.com cannot request the user to sign an auth challenge for fakegithub.com. The requesting server is directly tied to the signature response.
The last time I heard this term used, was to obfuscate the value proposition is company that failed as a marketplace.

Looks like the one described in the article will be dying soon.
Ask HN: Have you worked on the Sulake, Neopets, or Jagex team?
What was that like? Any interesting stories? Nightmare code? All three companies were behind products that were instrumental in directing me towards programming early on. Namely Habbo Hotel, Coke Studios, Neopets, and Runescape.
I don't think this solution works in the current economy - you would also have to refuse to ever exchange email with anyone using a monetized-data email service, i.e. Facebook, Google, etc. Given the wide market control these players have, most people would find it difficult to communicate. I think controls have to be legislated, as the EU has just done.
There are many makers of FIDO U2F complaint hardware devices these days.
I guess I'm just going to keep being that "bonehead" and paying at most invoice, if not invoice minus holdback, for all cars I buy in the future, just like any car I've gotten in the past.
Amusing anecdote - back in 1982, I took a 2 week compiler course from Hennessy and Ullman at Stanford. I decided to implement the data flow analysis techniques in my C compiler. It appeared as Datalight Optimum C.

The benchmarks used by the computer magazines were all dead code, and so the flow analysis deleted them. The journalists sadly concluded and wrote that DC was an utterly broken compiler :-(

This problem persisted until a year or two later when Borland and Microsoft caught up. They had much better marketing teams (!). The benchmarks got changed.
i'm working my through this rn! lots of fun and super informative.

for those of you around my exp level (interested amateur) wanting to get started, i recommend starting with lab 1. be advised that the labs work through building JOS: an OS separate from (but similar to) xv6.
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