skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Well, the former makes the people of the Founding Fathers' generation the master over the Constitution (they ratified it). The latter makes the people of this generation the masters over it.

> Problem is, parts of the text are maddeningly vague, and they didn't exactly agree in their politics, so a single, simple, objective and provably correct interpretation of those rules is not always possible.

True.

>>If you don't think it's an accurate statement of how some judges view the Constitution, make your case.

I do think that's an accurate statement. I disagree with 'people who see, for example, the "living Constitution" jurisprudence as not actually upholding the Constitution, but rather just saying what you want and calling it the law.'

The original statement was "interpreting the Constitution in accordance with its original meaning or intent is sometimes unacceptable as a policy matter, and thus that an evolving interpretation is necessary". Deciding that "the original meaning is unacceptable" is exactly "deciding what you want and calling it the law". It's deciding, on the basis of what you think policy should be, what the Constitution should have said.

Let me put it this way: Trump may, before he's done, nominate three Supreme Court justices. Do you want those justices to decide based on what they think is "acceptable as a policy matter"? Or do you want them to be bound by what the text says?

> One can disagree with the doctrine of a 'living Constitution' but there is more nuance and thought put behind the rationale than some conservatives want to admit.

I will admit that - for at least some of those who hold that position. Others... their behavior seems to indicate that they want to rule over the Constitution, not to faithfully interpret it.

> so interpreting it either way is equally valid

Is it? We don't accept that reasoning with contracts, why should we with the Constitution?

(That is, if you have a contract, and you try to interpret the terms in ways that are outside the bounds of the words of the contract, a court isn't going to care how much you see the contract as a living document. They also aren't going to care how much you care about original intent. They're going to care about the words on the paper. I've seen it happen in court, with one side arguing creative meaning plus intent, and the other destroying them with the actual words.)

Nice discussion. I'll leave you the last word; I'm out for the next two days.
Why I Am Not Speaking at OSCON
Providing security guards for Node.js applications
It's a little more than that. It is the financialisation of the economy. If you stop paying workers, then they don't have the money to buy your output and you go out of business. That's the basic philosophy behind Ford's approach - high wages = high sales.

However if you deregulate banks then you can replace wage growth with credit growth - increased private debt - which keeps the plates turning. You don't increase wages, you increase the debt people put themselves in overall - student debt, mortgage debt, credit cards. That has the advantage of putting a huge monkey on people's back forcing them to work ever harder in a system that structurally has fewer jobs than people that want them.

Then when that falls apart, you plead with the government to plough huge amounts of public money into the banks, so they can restart the credit engine.

The cycle that lead to 2008 will repeat again with ever lower interest rate peaks in each cycle.
A Summary of Concrete Problems in AI Safety
How Does a Dead Fish Swim Upstream?
Ask HN: Tool for self learning TLA+
If TLA+ is hard to adopt because formal methods are inaccessible for most programmers
I guess this can be avoided if we had progressive self assessment tools,
where we can exercise our understanding the further we progress.

I am not aware the existence of such tools, for TLA+
and since I didn't find any, I have decided to build one
But I want to check with you if this approach is relevant.

If a tool exists please cite it to me,
If not, I'd love to share with you my approach in another post
which is based on Computer Adaptive Testing, and item response theory,

Looking forward to hear back from you
Instead of a Single Page Application, make it an MPA (multi-page application), each of which is basically a separate SPA. You get latency when swapping between sections of your app, but on some codebases (such as for an internally-used app), that's less of a problem.

We did something similar to this when we broke up our Ember application so that we could code new things in React. We still maintain our Ember codebase, but are rewriting parts of some routes in React, and adding all new things in the React app.

We deploy ours as separate pods in a Kubernetes cluster, but you could even host them on the same server with separate nginx routes.

The initial ramp up of this is a little frustrating, as it seems you're adding extra overhead to everything, the long term goal is to have infrastructure and workflow that supports having part of your app in The Old Proven Thing, and part in The New Hotness. This is valuable whether you're switching to React, or upgrading from Ember 2 to 3, etc, as it lets you upgrade a smaller set of dependencies, and experiment with things.
When you invite John De Goes to speak, you are already dead.
Your chart is even less granular than mine (hourly vs half-hourly), and it has a timezone conversion error. The source they use (ISO New England - https://www.iso-ne.com/isoexpress/) shows the peak of a typical October month to be between 3pm-4pm and not 6pm-7pm: https://i.imgur.com/5rWlnVO.png (the 3 hours difference is the timezone offset between east coast and west coast.)

My chart, if you look closely, has a granularity of one half hour. If you want something even more granular, ISO New England data more clearly shows the peak to be between 2pm-3pm for a typical summer month: https://i.imgur.com/rX1JqoJ.png
Your comment shows you seem to have bullshit beliefs about QoS that are a complete red herring to any net neutrality discussion.
There’s not really much argument behind your point here. Moving to Rust I’d be concerned about library support for one.
I'm potentially looking at a situation like this right now at work. We're on a NoSQL DB and it's just not working too well for us anymore, so we would like to transition to something that provides more relational semantics (PostGres, Spanner, something like that). Migrating the backend between one kind of DB and another is non-trivial, especially because the whole ORM needs to be ripped out as well. It's not a full rebuild of the application but it's definitely substantial in effort level.

Sometimes a rebuild is just necessary, because you are on a tech stack that is no longer working for you, for whatever reason. How would you solve that kind of problem?
I think you are overgeneralizing. In the two places I'm familiar with, rural North Carolina and rural Wisconsin, "volunteer firemen" are truly unpaid volunteers. You are right that others are paid for their time, but it's not universal. Here's a Straight Dope thread that talks about the different approaches in some different places: https://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=658416
I didn't think about this! Thanks a lot for bringing this to my notice, I'll lookup a workaround and a safe transition to probably chrome.localStorage.
The standard failure mode is that the two vendors reach an understanding and split the market at a comfortable level of effort and progress.
The type of renewable generator, ie solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal and tidal, or a combination thereof is another dimension of grid diversity.
Absolutely 100% this.
Know your burgs and bergs. A “burg” (or burgh) is a fortification, or more usually refers to a city built around (or inside) that fortification. A “berg” is a mountain, or a large hill. Therefore, an iceberg is an “ice mountain”, and a “burgermeister” is a “city master”; i.e. a mayor.
> Research doesn't pay as much as companies seems to think.

Some companies are constantly researching ways to improve their products. Facebook, Amazon, Google, Microsoft, and Apple come to mind.

Some companies are constantly researching for new ways to find their resources. Every oil company comes to mind.

I think your claim is way, way off.
Because there are a significant amount of people who don't have any. Seriously, there are a lot of elderly people who simply have no need for a driver's license, so they don't have one. And if they're old enough, it's possible their birth certificate is not easy to get, or may even require traveling across state lines to do so. Where's the money for that trip going to come from? And for people who work, they're not always able to just take a day off to go to the DMV. And the DMV is only open during... working hours.
A lot of the xnu c++ dates back almost two decades (maybe more?), and abi compatibility kind of screws in terms of changing decisions like this.

You can’t really just say “update to a newer version of the language” when you have both API and ABI compatibility constraints.

For source you can deprecate APIs, etc so future versions would have an early warning the source changes would be necessary.

But that doesn’t help shipping kexts, for that you need ABI stability, which really puts the hammer on changing/updating the features that you use. Many of the C++ features cause exciting binary compatibility problems, and make it super easy to accidentally change the ABI :-/
My thoughts on ProtonMail and ProtonVPN after 4 years of service
ProtonMail has also flip-flopped their “no logs” policy, when they were pitching on IndieGoGo they promised that the service was “fully anonymous” & that unlike Yahoo or Google that ProtonMail would never track users, would never log IP address, etc etc but now anyone who calls them out on why they did a reverse 180 on their longstanding policy gets immediately accused as a criminal.

They have also went against policy of never handing out data unless a valid court order comes through first, & now they are giving out data to agents left & right without court order etc… To make matters worse, they are closing accounts & banning accounts of PAID users merely on false allegations alone, so despite the claim that Protonmail user accounts are protected by privacy, security, a data center in a mountain, redundancy, etc all it really takes for effective denial of service is a random pissed off person on the internet to contact Protonmail staff with false allegations against.

But Proton is more than happy to take your money, making it impossible to disable autorenew, & impossible to delete your credit card info (unless you forcibly downgrade first) & once they force you to downgrade you lose all pro-rated periods that you had already paid for upfront & then you are locked in since they also disable your main email alias & disable the ability to export out via their buggy “Bridge” program, even if you had already paid upfront for the entire billing cycle! Effectively, this is unlawful “lock-in” against the GDPR laws.

https://pastebin.com/wwR0fRkW (full version of text, unabridge from post limit )
New York Co-Op Boards_The New York Attorney General Ignored the Problem
I’m one of the leads on a large Scala project that I feel has been very successful. While I have great respect for jdg there are a number of important things missing from his talk:

Typelevel ecosystem is thriving and has great fp projects including Cats, Monix, Doobie, Circe and Fs2.

Having Oop is a great gateway so we can convince our pointy haired bosses and mainstream colleagues that Scala can be gradually adopted into a project

Reactive and actor based patterns, Lightbend and so on don’t get a mention and yet are used throughout industry and are very valuable tools

ZIO maybe 100x faster than Future in certain benchmarks but can I get a 100x speed up on my real world oop code, my actor code, even my future based code, by switching to ZIO
Little things. UFW included by default, so you can set up a firewall without having to wrestle with iptables. do-release-upgrade to handle upgrades, instead of having to work through a list of release notes each time. Nothing earth-shaking, just things that sand down some of Debian’s rougher edges.
Or they pull a ULA and merge.
Test suites don't really explain the "why". The worst is having a hundred tests and every one of them verifying incorrect behavior - I've seen it happen.
The Transhumanism Revolution: Oppression Disguised as Liberation
I've never heard the idea that opposition is because of government finding out who you voted for. I've always heard it be a case of voter suppression.
In just about any office I can see it being pretty trivial to walk over to a co-worker's PC and insert a USB drive and run a program. It would take seconds, and unless all employees lock their PCs 100% of the time even if they walk away for a few seconds, there isn't much in the way of "opsec" that can stop it (just things like cameras that can find the guilty party after the fact).

Things like disabling USB ports or requiring passwords to be entered constantly for everything would most likely impact the business enough that it would be more harmful than any single instance of stolen IP, and even then they only reduce the likely hood of an attack like this, they don't stop it.
Which you may have done several decades ago.
Yep. It's not really that you have to pack your own parachute, more that it's cost and convenience to do so, so it's pretty universal as far as I am aware. I'm not certified or anything but I've jumped a few times and that's what the 10k+ jumpers said at the time.
These companies are mining society of a public good for their own benefit. It's a tragedy of the commons where only a handful of actors are the ones destroying the commons.

There are arguments against "dockless" cars that are always trotted out when these scooters come up but if you park like an asshole, that is to park outside of a single parking spot, you are likely to get your car keyed or damaged as well.

I don't see how this author could be anything but completely ignorant of social norms with public spaces or this is a submarine pr piece when they write like this is surprising

Edit: It especially seems like a pr piece when they talk about the jobs they bring to the area as a plus when we see how exploitative these jobs are from the people that perform them[1]

[1]https://slate.com/technology/2018/05/charging-bird-scooters-...
Firefox has something similar as a Test Pilot:
https://testpilot.firefox.com/experiments/notes

They even released an Android App to go along with it:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.mozilla.te...
I wouldn’t call OS9 or before flat—sans compositing, sure, but the interface is skeuomorphic and textured: the file icon still has a corner bent, the window has a rough texture to indicate draggability.

Note, I’m not a designer, Skeuomorphism is probably not the right word, but it’s certainly not flat.
>I think democracies are our best option. What's your alternative?

Given a choice between statism (a monopoly on violence) and anarchy (a free market of violence), I would more trust a democratic form of a monopoly on violence, so I would agree... at least that democracy is the least worse option, depending on what you want.

But I also believe democracies tend to devolve into autocracies the larger and more complex they become and the more abstracted the machinery of power becomes from the voters, so I would add a caveat that democracies when limited in their scope and power are the best option, and that one should expect that, inevitably, the entire thing will rot on the vine and have to be done away with entirely.

Although I wouldn't go as far as Thomas Jefferson and say a democracy should have a revolution every 20 years, I think the concept of a regular (nonviolent) "reset" in order to keep government from growing too removed from the will of the people is worth considering.
(BBC iPlayer) Trump: Is the President a Sex Pest?
YouTube link for those outside the UK:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB0IpYuYzk0
STRIVR | Software Engineer, DevOps/Deployment Engineer, Head of Design, VR Designer | Menlo Park, CA or Seattle, WA | Full-Time | https://www.strivr.com/careers

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Tech stack: Unity and C# heavy, but we also use C++, Java, Python, Go, and build on Windows, Linux, and Android. We're investing a lot in .Net Core.

Want to change the way the world approaches learning? Join us! All of our engineering roles are available at both locations, see more at https://www.strivr.com/careers
Also probably because "Boeing asked for, and got, 50 percent more funding for the same task" [0]. Despite the mythical man month, 50% more funding on a 5/6 year (current estimate) project can pay your way ahead of the competition on almost any project (that is a really really long time!).

Considering the timeline difference is only 10% (6 months spacex is behind based on 5 year delivery), I would expect Boeing to be much further ahead of spacex than they currently are.

Sounds like spacex will be the real winner in the end IMO due to future contracts as a 50% savings ($1.6 Billion in this case [1]) to wait 10% more time is totally worth it in almost every case.

[0]: from the article: https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/07/nasa-commercial-crew...

[1]: https://qz.com/266665/the-us-will-spend-6-8-billion-hiring-b...
The same has been happening with the State AG complaint process, i.e. they've become worthless and toothless. Of course the "respondent" will state the complaint has been satisfied, and by a bot-generated form response, too. Nobody is going to check, and the case will be closed. You have no recourse.

US consumers have zero rights because the sheriff is completely in bed with the people they oversee. The CFPB and the paltry legislation passed at the height of the financial crisis are some of the only remaining consumer protection left. The reason why the CFPB had to be set up with a dubious structure under the Fed and an unchecked director is precisely because only a hammer could bring about some semblance of equity. It shouldn't have to be this way to begin with. I don't know why this hasn't turned into a bigger cross-party issue, it affects everyone.
From the perspective of a technologist it's clumsy and imprecise language, but it's not wrong.

He wrote code that was explicitly designed to bypass the company's security and treacherously act in a way that caused damage to the company's interests, then he inserted it using other people's security credentials. The only elements missing between what he did and what a "real" hacker might have done is breach a technical security barrier rather than be a trusted employee.
As far as I can tell after some brief googling when I saw this article earlier today: 1. Fiberglass ladders tend to use polyester resin. 2. polyesters tend to have a glass transition temperature (i.e. where the polymer starts to become soft and lose its shape) in the 75 to 125C range.

Wood combustion temperatures are typically about twice that. Also, incidental heat contact can char the surface of the wood and leave it mostly structurally intact.
It's interesting how difficult it is to actually make large quantities of quality steel.

On the surface it seems like an easy process to make steel, but it required hundreds of years of gradual technological progress to get to the point where large quantities of consistently decent steel could be manufactured. So many independent inventions and scientific discoveries where required before we could make steel. It's really a material that's taken for granted.

It would be interesting to make a sort of real life tech tree of the inventions required to get to modern steel.
> but you can't turn off seeing what people you follow like

Yes you can, not through an official setting unfortunately. But as TylerH said you just say "I don't like this tweet" on a few of the tweets that you see because "person X liked this", then refrsh your feed and they're all gone.

Maybe after 6 months-ish they come back, but you notice it really fast since suddenly your twitter feed sucks. Just do the "I don't like this tweet" trick again.

The only 'likes' I see now is if multiple people I follow liked a tweet from someone I also follow. Usually those are good quality.
Check out how many of the Space X team have experience leading government space contractors. (https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/space-exploration-te...). They're not going in raw.
I have also come to believe that people who jump to rebuilds also tend to have very shallow technical skills and are not keen or capable of studying and analyzing a system at depth.
Part Three: Gracefully Scaling to 10k PostgreSQL Connections for $35/mo
As incrementally as possible. Eg, does your entire data model need to move at once? (Probably not.)
Anyone else scared to death the cab would come undone mid flight?
Some casual googling earlier suggests to me that fiberglass ladders are fiberglass/polyester, not fiberglass/epoxy.
But humor is incongruous to HN. ;)
Why would a VC firm be distributed?
I have seen that at the top end of the market it's not unusual for engineers to be paid salaries that compete with SV. Not sure about run of the mill engineering jobs though?
(a) assumes that competitors took the information knowing that it came from Tesla. And civil lawsuits can be done whether or not charges are being pressed. A lawsuit is not immature at all. He damaged the company.
>If SpaceX is ahead or Boeing is ahead doesn’t matter. What matters if SpaceX is still at the table.

Not only that but SpaceX is delivering commercial payload after commercial payload to orbit while still TESTING new stuff on their rockets while they do all the planning for ITS/BFR... how many launches has Boeing been doing while designing SLS?
This is great:

When the film was finished, Siegel did not want to take the credit for it and Totten refused to take credit in his place. The DGA panel hearing the dispute agreed that the film did not represent either director's creative vision.

The original proposal was to credit the fictional "Al Smith", but that was deemed too common a name, and in fact was already in use within the film industry. The last name was first changed to "Smithe", then "Smithee"... Critics praised the film and its "new" director, with The New York Times commenting that the film was "sharply directed by Allen Smithee who has an adroit facility for scanning faces and extracting sharp background detail," and Roger Ebert commenting, "Director Allen Smithee, a name I'm not familiar with, allows his story to unfold naturally."

Shame the Eric Idle film couldn't make hay with this.
Once every five years? I'm OK with that.

I actually see Vue as more filling the gap for Angular. React uses JavaScript as the templating language instead of trying to use HTML attributes to turn HTML into a programming language like both Vue and Angular do. For that reason alone I have zero interest in Vue and learning yet another templating language. I'm pretty sure React will be here for a few more years. User base is still growing in fact.

And Yarn is a drop in replacement for npm. Took me 10 minutes to learn. If you already know npm, there is almost zero learning curve.
Also it’s not about working harder; it’s about building smarter—building simple systems—which absolutely makes your world simpler. ‘Essential complexity’ is what sophomoric developers decry when they are unable to architect well—and are unwilling to do the hard work it takes to learn to architect well.
Have the Tech Giants Grown Too Powerful?
In which direction?