skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This 2017 survey supports your point:

http://eecatalog.com/chipdesign/2017/11/26/semiconductor-ip-...

Most are at 28nm-45nm with some at 55nm-65nm. The things they say they're concerned about also have some overlap with what eASIC's tech makes easier. That's on top of the number of companies that might be able to develop a FPGA but not full ASIC. eASIC's often a cheaper option for companies doing what's basically a bit faster and lower-power offering.

So, there's definitely potential here for Intel. I hope they realize a good chunk of it. Who knows if they will.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17531608
"Feedback Systems, An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers" by the same author, Karl Johan Astrom (and Richard Murray) is a readable introduction on how the basic equations come together. Think of it as the innate "language of motion" that is wired in our brain that allows us to bike and walk so effortlessly. Thanks to Newton and friends for their discovery.
In the USA, from what I have seen, public transportation is a punishment for being poor.
Continuous synchronization is a solved problem:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol
I honestly think Musk was trying to help. He does this stuff everywhere, Puerto Rico, Australia etc. it does seem PR, but also very risky and I like that he does unorthodox not by the book things.

I also understand he sucked the gravity of the praise there with news articles mostly mentioning him and I understand how divers who risked their lives might feel constantly being asked about the sub.

This diver was rude, but if he’s been asked this constantly I don’t blame him really.

This is one moment where he should have kept quiet on twitter and it would have blown over, but he fired back which is in poor taste, but still not too bad.

But the second he called him pedo...that was the lowest point of Elon Musk ever. It was petty, narcissistic, rude. His teen fanboys will no doubt harrass and dox this hero, he’ll have this moniker on him forever, and it’s just because Elon was attacked. Whenever he feels unfairly attacked he always attacks back, sometimes very very rudely. I hope he gets sued for millions. I don’t blame his journalism attacks because they were fairly justified, but this was really messed up.
I don’t think anybody invented the whole pinsetting machine and ball return apparatus all at once. That kind of thing was invented through a process of gradual iteration just like software design is done.
An optimistic explanation of the outrage epidemic
Just being nice by switching seats sets you up for ridicule and shame
Thank you for the response.

So, fundamentally, is everything just how many zeros prepend the "unique" hex string (for proof-of-work)?
The Peril of the Laptop Sticker
In my experience, whiteboard interviewing is uncommon here in Europe, with the exception of American companies. Non-American companies either don't want you touching a white board at all or give you only basic white board excercises, mostly to see how you comunicate and if you're not a total fraud.
Haha, I misunderstood. I thought you were saying that these things are signs of hypomania: "having excellent social support structures, many resources, above average ability and domain knowledge, a sense of purpose in your work "
so where does that leave me in your dichotomy?

1. I wasn't talking about you in specific.

2. It's a relatively brief forum comment. It's not reasonable to assume it needs to cover all possible use cases as if it were, say, a scholarly paper.

3. It's entirely possible to engage someone in discussion and say "Ah, well, that sounds like a dichotomy that I don't fit." or something like that without being attacking or dismissive of the basic point the person was trying to make.

4. I don't like talking to people who come across as hell bent on shooting down everything I say rather than trying to understand my point. So I think I'm probably done replying to you in this thread.
Cross-Sex Hormones and Acute Cardiovascular Events in Transgender Persons
From cargo's source: "Actually solving a constraint graph is an NP-hard problem. This algorithm is basically a nice heuristic to make sure we get roughly the best answer most of the time." (https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/blob/master/src/cargo/cor...)

vgo's more-constrained specification for dependencies means there is exactly one right answer, and it can be easily and quickly calculated by both computer and human.

Whether or not this will turn out to matter in practice is still an open question.
The meaning of 'formal' really depends on the context and is a matter of degree. This is readily apparent from your identification of formal with mechanical.

That immediately forces the question: which machine?

> a formal description is one that could be directly mechanically interpreted by a simple computer program as written

Outside of automated theorem proving and checking, very little done in math or theoretical CS actually meets the definition you gave for 'formal'. E.g. the proof of FLT is clearly not 'formal', it has not been reduced to steps that are all machine-checkable. The proof of, say, the Halting Problem as is normally given is also not formal.

If you relax your definition of 'machine' to include 'humans with mathematical context following a sequence of steps', then most proofs can be 'formal', depending on how much context the proof assumes of the reader.

Anyway, I think the distinction you make is useful to think about, but in this context (where the audience is mostly non-mathematicians, of which CS theorists are a variety), the better definition of formal is not mechanical, but are we attempting to abstract the problem down into a collection of fixed rules, and it's clear the author has done so.

The principle of charity would ask of us to ask, 'Is there another definition of 'formal' that would be reasonable, even if it's not the definition that I am most accustomed to?'
Mining Moon Ice: Prospecting Plans Starting to Take Shape
Huh, vendor/ won't be honored unless you're in GOPATH? Anyone know any more about this? Seems like an odd choice.
Go is forever changing the pathing and configuration. Even here we have:

> Very nice, go build ignored the vendor/ folder in this repository (because we’re outside $GOPATH)

and

> Oddly these are stored in $HOME/go/src/mod not the $GOCACHE variable that was added in Go 1.10

Maybe Go 2.0 will be stable.
Also, if the math was that wrong that it made the entire deal not make sense financially given it was a very large deal in monetary terms (which he stated) what were those 30 people doing? Most M&A deals make sense strategically first and then at a price second - rather than for a price first (especially if that price was very high).
Sure, but what if both doors open _into_ the bathroom?
Is this really true right now? I have been in hardware before, and found I was curious to try what else was out there, so I got into a business role. Turned out, that sucks worse in some ways, so I had been considering trying to transition back. Barring the challenges with this plan, I saw that hardware at least seemed to be free of the constant churn that seems inherent in software, meaning new languages every 3 years, constant industry change, and the age perception issue, where you aren't seen as valuable after so many years unless you're a superstar.
I had no idea, however, that software paid so much better. Is this really true in general, across the board, or do you mean only for select areas?
Actually, I'm pretty sure that this outburst makes it distinguishable from PR. Not that it's pleasant to see.

Elon Musk needs a serious figurative punch in the gut, to get back to the actual outlook of a collaborative problem solver and away from pumped up competitive douchebag. The world already had enough of those.
Couldn’t this be solved easier by using a simple version field? If the remote version != client version then request is rejected with an http 409 response...
But then in classical SFGate style — they basically “insult” him by suggesting he donated to Republicans. What does that have to do with the main topic of the story? It seems like that last paragraph was added simply as “punishment” to Musk (in the eyes of the typical SFGate reader.) This story hardly feels newsworthy — it’s just gossip.
Wow - Ray Peat here on HN. Never thought I would see the day.
No, alas, I did it at work. Should have done it at home :-(
Would giving things "star" ratings count as evaluating them separately? I've always been bothered by star ratings. If I give ItemA 5 out of 5 stars, and then later find ItemB which is even better, how do I indicate that?

I made a simple proof of concept ranker app that shows you two power metal songs and asks "Which is better?" Then it uses your answers as the comparator to binary search each items' positions in the ranking list.

http://rcfox.ca/Power-Metal-Ranker/
I empathise with your emotion but that has more to do with how closed groups work, local culture and basic human nature. It's not about abuse of uncontrollable information flow. Try to leak some villager's "public secrets" to "outsiders" while still living in the village and see for yourself what will happen to you.
Don't suppose you can send me the job listing?
>Did you really get to the end of the first paragraph before you decided this wasn't going to be about formal proofs/specs?

yes because i have heard of the word juxtaposition

>This guide will introduce the Two Generals' Problem and give an [INTUITIVE] explanation for why finding a solution to the problem is impossible. It will then formalize the Two Generals' Problem and formally prove the impossibility.
They were all acquired or merged for a lot of money - and they were all highly profitable companies. None of those businesses failed. That is just natural business evolution for successful businesses.
It was a blast installing, running, and later modifying BBS software. Usually the source was available somewhere, even for shareware stuff or via a warez site. Or you'd just hack it directly with a hex editor.

You'd have your usual haunts where you'd dial in to check messages (before fidonet). The haves were on HST dual standard, the have-nots on v32bis. Having a sysop break in for a chat was a fairly common occurrence.

Fun times...
It's possible to have a state where both reach consensus, but not possible to guarantee such state to happen in bounded time.

Here's another example: Alice asks Bob to attack in the morning. Bob accepts. But Eve doesn't let Bob's acceptance message to get to Alice. Alice waits for some time and asks Bob again to attack in the morning. Bob accepts. But message still doesn't reach Alice. If message does reach Alice before the attack, it's a win. If not, i.e. Eve holds messages past the attack time, only Bob attacks, as Alice won't know if he will.
>At present there is no law that criminalises mob killings

No law against murder?
What gets me about this is how you can be as scrupulous and disciplined as you please about staying off social media, wiping up your digital footprints, etc., but then as soon as you go out in public, someone can just blithely make the decision for you, to put you on social media.

To say nothing of all the proliferating random stationary surveillance cameras and police bodycams out there. Which if you're "fortunate" enough to live in Orlando FL or Washington County OR, is now connected to a facial recognition ML model.

Where is the backlash, where is the outrage about this? Why do people just stupidly let dumb shit proliferate, and only years later say "Oops we did it again?"
Oh. I get how the solution works now. I was assuming the doors opened into the bathroom (which I think most do in most places I've been??).

If they open into the room then you have two giant rods that you connect together to hold them shut? Another solution but even weirder...
The problem is that thou never know if they received the last message. Without it there will be uncertainty from at least one of the generals
I keep meaning to get the documentary they mention - http://www.bbsdocumentary.com/

Be curious about reviews of it.
Count me as yet another person who would likely not be here, commenting on HN, without discovering BBSes and falling in love with the merging of hacking, designing, and community.

I ran a heavily, heavily modded Renegade board in 412/724 (Pittsburgh) with some good distros into the art and demoscenes in Europe. Nearly every free minute of my life back then was related: drawing ANSI, tracking MODs, trying to figure out how to get Lightboxes to work with Renegade, playing LORD and hanging out with other users from around the Pittsburgh area.

I consider myself incredibly lucky to have been a curious teenager in a time when BBSes were a thing, and the web as we currently know it was born.
I'm not familiar with Ray Peat, why's it surprising for his article to be here?
Sometimes you want to do a lot of other stuff in the same scope and simply bail out on any error without having to check every return value.
See if these other articles help you in seeing where the problem might be:

http://www.businessinsider.com/planebae-saga-woman-privacy-a...

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/07/unide...

Discussion on the latter:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17534985
I am not convinced he is right about how susceptible people are to the black swan effect: it seems like your average person overvalues tail probabilities, not undervalues (hence why people play the lottery and buy insurance). It's been a while since I read anything by him, but I remember not being convinced by how he dealt with the problem of induction either, which seemed to lean dangerously close to intellectual nihilism.

Edit: grammar
This game looks cool, though!

I have to say I have trouble differentiating these games, though. From what I can see Terraria, Starbound, and Moon Quest seem to be generally the same style of game, but it's not clear to me why play one over the other.
Maybe a more modern notion? For better or worse society’s definition of privacy is definitely changing.
At least i have found it limiting when I want have a mix of languages, and i am forced to have all the go packages in the root folder or live with strange package names. Hate is used a bit too often for my liking - nuisance would be more appropriate.

You are right that it is solvable. And in many other languages the package management etc have grown independently of the core language itself, from the community. So the attacks on the golang team seem a bit strange. Maybe they thought that these solutions would come from outside the core language team.
Wow that hit home hard. Wish I had something like this to read, oh, say about 7 years ago?
Neil Fraser went on to apply this work at Google with Google Docs (Operational Transformation, see other comment here).

He was also one of my heroes that inspired my work to build a decentralized (and offline-first) version, that I later applied to graphs with https://github.com/amark/gun .

Some good follow ups are:

- Martin Kleppmann's https://youtu.be/yCcWpzY8dIA?t=29m36s

- Cartoon explainer http://gun.js.org/explainers/school/class.html
Fortunately, the law isn't based on your narcissistic point of view.

"Overzealous surveillance, even if it occurs in public, may give rise to intrusion claims or, in some cases, harassment or stalking suits." Source: https://www.rcfp.org/browse-media-law-resources/digital-jour...
First public release of Arc came not long after Clojure.

Clojure is definitely better thought out as a language, and while Arc has some interesting ideas around web development, it also doesn't have a module system, so everything is just loaded into the same global namespace, which is pretty insane.
Wow, so they basically made a cannon powered by 300t nuclear explosion.
Yep, time to start eating sugar and stop exercising. And endless coconut oil!
He raises a good point about the law of large numbers. When your core business is doing $75b and has 95% market share, it's near impossible to find other lines of business to complement that core in a meaningful way. I'd go as far as to say it's illogical to expect crazy growth or innovation at such a point.
Try not to feel so guilty. :) We all can't always be working on something we believe in; mathematically, it's highly improbable. I'm sure there are also many people who work in your office who don't care for the firm's mission, although they have coping mechanisms to hide their apathy and vulnerabilities, so it can seem like they all love what they do and that you're the wrong one in the picture. Most people are naturally team players and maintain a certain image because they need the structure and support of the perceived team. I've never worked that way, so a lot of my life has been spent feeling out of place because my group's mission is clearly bunk but everyone else behaves as if it isn't. Believe you me, that's lead to a lot of depression.

These days I'm much more content and at peace with these things about people and workplaces that aren't going to change themselves. While I wouldn't say to never look up to other people whom have qualities you aspire to, comparing yourself to others is a losing game because the people we've been talking about are really just illusions; those team players who go with the flow and support bad missions, who seem to have everything we don't, are usually putting on an image. We usually don't know who these people really are, but I can assure you that most of them are living hum-drum lives and deal with their own sort of problems brought on by the baggage that comes with maintaining a conventional life. I don't begrudge them of this observation, as it's often just their calling to be this way, but their true selves are simply not my true self.

Ok, I'm going to get a little cliche here, but those who are exceptional are usually not the type of people who go along with hopeless missions or simply do what's expected of them. Now I'm not saying that I or you have to aspire to be exceptional, yet the reason I bring this up is that there is no shame in being someone like you, and not the people you work with.

I've found much more happiness in setting my own standards for who I want to be, not comparing myself to other people. It feels healthy because I've learned that such standards to only myself and not others has lead to much less disappointment in life; when I am disappointed with something, it's purely on me and I can take steps to try to resolve it.

In relation to that, you clearly have a strength in that you seem like a highly-driven person (that's how I'm interpreting what you said anyway). I normally don't like giving out advice, because everyone is different, but if I were you I would take that drivenness and direct it towards something else. I've not worked for a bank or a trading firm, but I imagine that the way that they function is extremely old-school. When companies and industries become highly-established, they will always tend towards a stable equilibrium that is less focused on efficiency or innovation, which can be hampering for people who want more than just the status quo but very hospitable to people who are willing to just go with the flow (i.e. are laid back and take things easy).
I wrote my own software, mostly scripts. Does that count?

I have a "todo" folder. It contains a subfolder "contexts", with one text file for each context. There are also "icebox", "inbox", and "projects" files.

I use vim to edit, and I've written a little command that lets me mark lines in my todo files with a "target context/file" and use the command to send them there.

I also have a command to let me add items to the inbox from the command line, they just get appended to the "inbox" file.

Say my inbox file looks like this:
buy milk
buy food
clean garage
send email to bob

I will then mark the lines in the file like so:
buy milk @buy
buy food @buy
clean garage :projects
send email to bob @laptop

Now I'll invoke my command, and it'll send all the lines ending in @x to contexts/x, and all the :y ones to y (i.e. icebox, inbox, projects).

I also have a little script that counts how many tasks are in my various contexts, so I can an overview. When invoked, it currently says this:

home:3 room:2 reflect:5 laptop:9 garage:3 (22)

Overall I'm pretty happy with it. I can add any functionality I want, and most of the time it just takes a few lines of shell or Ruby. It's extremely personalized because I'm the only user.

There are a few things that are missing because of the text file structure. For example, I can't easily reference back how many tasks belong to a given project, because I'd have to store references and introduce IDs, which would look terrible in a text file. At that point I should probably just switch to Sqlite. But that tradeoff isn't so bad - and working with text files is so much easier.

A few of the add-ons I've added with a few lines each include:
- Recurring tasks: recurring/wednesday or recurring/01 contains tasks that will be slurped in every Wednesday or every 1st day of the month, respectively. I just loop through all the files in the recurring folder and try to match them to weekdays or #s.
- integration with "calendar" file. I also wrote a clone of the UNIX calendar that takes my calendar file as an optional argument, highlighting days on which I have things scheduled and shows the appointments for today.

Calendar file has the following format:

Sunday, July 15th:
Do thing
Do other thing
3pm: Meet Bob

Monday, July 16th:
Call Alice

The whole system has evolved over ~5 years or so, starting with a single flat text file I edited in vim. There are various pieces I added over time that I ended up never using, for example I have a stateful command to "choose" a context and then pop the list one at a time, that also lets me complete them. But I find I rarely feel like actually finishing random tasks off a context, I like to scan and refactor/reorganize the context before choosing what to do.

It's interesting how similar refactoring my todo list is to refactoring code. Refactoring gives me a lot of clarity on my tasks, and I typically refactor almost every task, some multiple times.
No - not a good deed, but very educational.
Well I hope it doesn't get to the point where it bothers you. I also have a hatred of some noises with coil whine being one of them.

In my on-going saga with this XPS 15 the space bar has now developed a wobble and is not picking up presses except directly in the centre of the spacebar.

I have had enough of this thing. I can't wait to return it.
Why Most of Us Fail to Grasp Coming Exponential Gains in AI
Mood changes, personality swings and the like are what I saw happen to my friend, it almost destroyed her multi-year relationship. Switching to the ring for birth control was like night and day, plus its still very effective.
Classic, and nicely done.

They did something right that's rarely done - their verification extensions to Python are Pythonic. They don't use a separate language for invariants and assertions, and they don't put the assertions in comments. The assertions are thus part of the program.
He's one of the greats of the crazy diets: people should eat more white sugar and fructose, people shouldn't exercise because it stresses the body, people should reduce or eliminate vegetables from their diets, and so on.

Also the king of cherry-picking parts of studies that agree with his view and ignoring everything else, no matter how prevalent.
It would be more correct to say that they can be coerced to a function with a special purposes (e.g. using a set as a function is an alias for checking whether an item exists).

To say they are functions would be incorrect. By the same logic, a keyword is would be a function.
The inspiring earlier life of Stephen hawking
Timeouts and defaults can be considered as part of the algorithm. The problem is that you may be unable to determine a reasonable timeout beforehand. The timeout as a practical solution is also described under 'engineering approaches': https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Generals'_Problem#Engineer...