skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Honestly, we do. The rocket equation is not just exhaust velocity, it's ALSO mass fraction. And material advances can make a huge difference there.

Chemical rockets are also much more efficient devices than is given credit for. A good, very optimized two stage rocket like SpaceX BFR (and the ITS concept before it) can get payloads to orbit using just ~300 Megajoules per kg (250MJ/kg in the more efficient tanker configuration). The specific kinetic energy of orbit is about 25MJ/kg (40MJ/kg if we include gravity and aero losses and changes in altitude), so rockets are total 10% efficient at converting chemical energy directly into orbital energy, and with an optimized, high pressure and variable mixture ratio hydrogen rocket engine architecture with some improvements in materials science, we could improve that to 20% or more. That beats the chemical to mechanical efficiency of the typical car.

That translates to between $1 and $10 per kg to orbit. That's 3 orders of magnitude less cost than today, if we can master reuse. So arguably, chemical rockets are perfectly fine for achieving orbit cheaply.
It would only take a very few GPS locaters between multiple bee keepers to lead law enforcement to the “chop shop”. The bee keeper association could choose bee keepers randomly. If the same insurance company insures multiple bee keepers, it might benefit them to GPS a few of their customers.
Stuff You Should Know recently put out a podcast vaping [1] that provided some insight on the subject. The conclusion was that better than cigarettes slightly worse than doing nothing.

* [1] - https://www.stuffyoushouldknow.com/podcasts/is-vaping-really...
WebKit is Apple's project. It doesn't make sense to say WebKit gets back a lot because it's their own project. It's forked from KHTML, but hey nowadays even Konqueror uses WebKit.
Space refueling is way older than 2012.
Banker Received Credit for His Unbreakable Cryptography 130 Years Later
This would be fun to see as a 3D print!
I routinely come across people who claim they are using google maps when they don't even have it installed on their phone. They call apple maps => google maps.

For majority of those people Apple maps works good enough and for other there is always Google maps. Apple does not have to beat Google maps out of existence, that is not the Apple's objective. Their objective is to make sure they are not dependant on Google for maps. It is easy to build that kind of product.
CoolWallet S Review
>> Most of the rules of chess are trivial and thus should be deducible from observing less than one complete game. Rare things like castling might take a couple of games.

You'd think so. Try googling "chess rules induction".
It's called "The Echo Effect" and also has some scientific backing to it [0]

> we introduce the echo effect, a less researched phenomenon of verbal mimicry, in a real-world setting. Study participants, 330 currency exchange office customers, were assigned into one of three experimental and two control conditions. Careful attention to research design produced results that address issues raised in the mimicry literature and more clearly define the boundaries of verbal mimicry. The results demonstrate that while repetition of words is important in increasing an individual’s tendency to perform prosocial behaviors, the order in which they are repeated back is not; verbal mimicry is more powerful mechanism than dialogue; and, for nonmimicry control conditions, no response produces the same result as a brief response.

[0] https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X13506906
I’d beg to differ. Go ask any XXXL wearing guy what happens if they clean up their diets.
Perhaps I do not quite understand what you meant by 'engineer that cannot reason'.

Somebody might not be able to write on a white board, during an interview a topological sort or find-a-union (https://www.hackerearth.com/practice/notes/disjoint-set-unio... ).

But does it mean that they will ruin 'elegant architecture'? (compared to somebody who passed the topologica sort exam)?

Also, wouldn't an architecture that imposes compile time constraints, good documentation and test cases -- on the usage of its most elegant pieces, be more 'elegant' than the one, that could be easily 'ruined' but somebody who does cannot write out a 'topological sort' during an interview?
Your explanations are great (thanks for making the effort of writing all of that, really!), though my point wasn't so much that I didn't know the answers (I have dealt with lawyers over all of this both at work and outside of work, helping friends at other companies, etc), so much that it DOES require explanation. As some people mentioned, it might even differ (significantly!) based on which European country you're dealing with. Things like the legal obligation stuff is still tricky when you deal with american law vs European law conflicting, and even if the law itself wasn't problematic, convincing lawyers can be.

You're totally right about the 3rd party vendor thing, and this will get better with time, but it doesn't change much that right now, it's a problem. Even vendors who take security seriously and have awesome engineering teams might have garbage lawyers and you have to deal with them. At the end of the day, no amount of security is perfect and you need DPAs. Getting rid of a vendor over this might be hard.

Basically, the whole point is: no, this isn't easy: large companies can have insanely complex problems. Small companies may not have access to the proper lawyer (or even have an IT department!). It's painful. What's worse is having to deal with European laws when you don't have a European presence (foreign lawyers can be tricky or expensive!). And companies who just decide to just avoid dealing with EU customers as a workaround (even small ones who might simply no longer be able to deal with this) get burnt at the stake.
1. The P vs. NP survey is only 2 years old, so all the edits I'd make to it now would be rather minor ones: for example, including some more recent circuit lower bounds of Ryan Williams and others, some more no-go results for Geometric Complexity Theory, and Raz and Tal's BQP vs. PH breakthrough (which required a new circuit lower bound, though not of a kind that can evade the natural proofs barrier).

2. See here for my answer to someone who asked me for my thoughts on blockchain just a couple weeks ago:
https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=3861#comment-1768247
Most of the indoor air we breathe is polluted with microplastic particles
Five grand? No way. Take a look: https://www.bax-shop.nl/producten.html?keyword=analog+synth&...
Your RSS feed doesn't seem to work with https://github.com/AntennaPod/AntennaPod/

It doesn't trigger the usual RSS subscription offer on Firefox either. Are you sure it's formatted correctly?
And the ability to prevent competition by somehow influencing the ports in Shanghai.
Should you not stand up for yourself in business?

Anecdotally, I was screwed once in a business. I didn’t retaliate. Same thing happened a second time because this person knew I wouldn’t react.

I won’t let it happen again.

Edit:: to be clear, I’m talking 7-figure screwed, not “this person was mean to me”.
> with more people there are more problem solvers

I really appreciate this perspective. More people is fundamentally a good thing. Some would vehemently argue otherwise, but I believe the problems they bring up come down to a calculus that depends first on other things, like profit vs. environmental stewardship, etc., not primarily the birth and death rates.
Can't you speed up write speeds as you add in each memory chip in the sd card? It's like how raid1 with 5 drives is faster than any single drive.
I was thinking this mostly from the standpoint of viral nature of GPL-kind of FOSS licenses. E.g. somehow, somewhere someone manages to inject a GPL licensed IP block into a commercial CPU, after which, with my layman understanding, chip manufacturer now owes under the terms of GPL everyone who happens to have purchased one of those chips a full VHDL, Verilog etc. source code of the entire chip.

In software you can always replace a library that had incompatible license with another. Not sure how this would work with a chip.

As for attempts to modernize EDA industry, I welcome that in open arms. And if in the process we end up open sourcing a lot of current IP blocks (think of USB, HDMI, etc. designs) - all the better.
I use a 10x jewelers microscope and tweezers to get the alignment perfect. The hardest part is actually applying the solder paste there is no room for registration errors. I triple check everything.

As for the reflow profile I raise the temperature gradually, with the thermocouple taped directly to the PCB with kapton tape. I do this manually, not with an automatic controller.
My toaster oven is a convection model with a fan which helps, and I had some trial and error with the rack position.

The part in question is: TPS62180 which is a dual phase step down converter.

Edit: I think you are conflating I've done both high ball count and 0.5mm. Never both at the same time. I've soldered high ball count Xilinx FPGAs at 0.8mm which was relatively easy. Also I stress these are for prototypes. You can do production runs and that is how the company behind 3DRobotics got their start in the early days of quadrotors but its a whole other ball of wax.
Even so, can't ISPs still see what sites you connect to? Or is everything after the inital connection to Cloudflare hidden in HTTPS? And how many sites are typically reachable through a given Cloudflare IPv4 address?
It's about speed. Getting into space is relatively easy (it does take a lot more propellant than flying an airplane, but it's understandable since spaceships tend to fly a lot higher than airplanes). Staying there means you have to be flying so fast that you fall continuously around Earth instead of into it. Even the fastest airplanes in the world can't get that fast on their own (at least not yet). More speed requires more fuel (and since that fuel makes you heavier, you need even more fuel to counteract the added weight - that's the rocket equation).

Even more intuitively: it's about distance. Flying from Los Angeles to Salt Lake City requires less fuel than flying from Los Angeles to New York City. Flying from Los Angeles all the way around the world and landing again in Los Angeles takes even more fuel.
Casinos use the half-dollar to pay out a blackjack.
> the backoffice engineers would make a build that fixed only those bugs

Makes perfect business sense! Those customers didn't pay to get those bugs fixed, so why should they get the fixes??? /s

Holy moly.
>It's needed only because Bitcoin "exchanges" are so difficult about wire transferring money out. (With real stockbrokers, cash can be wire transferred out within hours with no nonsense...)

I've sold and 'cashed out' of gdax in the morning and had they money in my credit union account by about noon for no fee.
Ok, but it still should have been included as a theoretical possibility.
Same, in an interview a few months I got a graph one which I did OK in. Then I got asked to write an algorithm to determine if it is acyclic on not. I could remember the visitation flag but I could not remember, of the top of my head, which side of the recursive call it was on. I picked the later side and obviously failed as I didn't get any offer, although that was more likely due to my age. I dodged a bullet in the end.
Yes, but the US has never removed the paper money.
The 40 cm thick snow cover would probably negate the effect.
I get the impression that is supposed to be somewhat derisive. That said, I think the tools are more usable than people give them credit. They are just slower to get started with.

In particular, I've been picking up The Stanford Graphbase book recently and finding that after I have gotten used to reading more parts, the programs are getting a bit easier to understand. In ways that don't litter my mental model with tons of surface complexity.

What I mean by that is that if you look at the javadoc or "function/method" base of a complete system, it is easy to lose site of the whole. Granted, getting started with the larger texts of some other documents can have similar problems in reverse. It is hard to really get a handle on where in the system you are to start.
Not a problem for a vehicle that just disappears in one place, and re-appears at the destination.

Call it a distributed probability modulation drive. Just don't get entangled in the math.
It’s a bit ironic that a decade or two ago, there was a drive to make software development look more like hardware development (as if it were somehow better), but the trend has swung all the way around.
At the risk of sounding like a troll myself, Jake Adelstein is notorious for injecting weird sentiments like this into his stories, or playing up the more sordid aspects of incidents in order to get pageviews. His shtick is "Here's something that will blow your mind and destroy all your misconceptions about Japan!," and then proceeds to write about a crime (murder, cybercrime, prostitution, organized crime, whatever) that is commonplace everywhere in the world.

This would normally be okay, if he was a blogger or opinion writer, but Adelstein portrays himself as an independent journalist.
He should have just contacted support and asked for a replacement. The actual device itself is actually quite simple and cheap and despite selling it for the price they are selling it for, they'll ship you a free replacement in a heartbeat because it is so cheap for them to manufacture.

Aside from that, what bothers me with Juul and makes it possible for a competitor to potentially usurp them, even after the momentum they have behind them is how inconsistent the pod quality is. Let alone leaking, the pods degrade really quickly and juice sometimes seems to disappear. The liquid changes color and develops dark filaments even after less than a day passed since taking it out of its packaging.
There is a point where surface gravity is sufficiently high that in order to put a few kilograms in orbit the "rocket" would have to weigh as much as the entire planet, even if you use the most efficient chemical fuel we've invented. Physics doesn't lie.
I made my own assumptions and came to the conclusion that this was net negative not net positive.

I guess we will find out in 30 years.
It’s pretty much your meat and potatoes data structures, excepting hash maps. I think a basic understanding of them and collision resolution strategies would benefit a learning developer. (And I'd suggest considering adding them.)

And, as an aside, I’ve found in practice that combining these lego blocks, allows you to build the sorts of specialized, efficient solutions you need.

Perhaps you could add an example of doing that, such as combining a queue with a binary search tree map to emit minimal values over a window. This would be a case where the sorted property of the tree is actually useful, as well.
How to value your compensation: Startup Equity Calculator
No, leading liberal thinkers like Burke and Berlin have been perfectly clear that perfection is not possible. In fact, the whole US Constitution is a set of compromises based on the belief that human nature will always be imperfect. My impression is you don't know much about liberal political philosophy.
Vertigo: Blog engine in Go
Why would anyone speculate it to be worth more than a $1 though?
The part I'm confused about is if you look at order size to volume, isn't it weird that price flux doesn't seem to match the spay in order size? Also, is tether formally a fixed-exchange-rate system, if so how is the pegging being mechanized?
On a side note, if you are ever near the national convention for The Pyrotechnics Guild International, Inc.[1] and like fireworks, then it is an event that does a pretty impressive show to demonstrate their wares during their convention.

1) http://www.pgi.org/convention/
How should I make my car dissipate heat when parked in the sun?
1588 isn't just used for clock synchronization. A software solution will never allow you to know when a packet leaves/enters your network PHY, which enables some of it's other use cases.
Many (all?) Intel network adapters from the last decade have support for ieee1588; that includes embedded options like the i219-LM (and earlier models in that family):
https://ark.intel.com/products/82185/Intel-Ethernet-Connecti...
I think the counterbalance is more to make sure that the center of gravity is actually the thing in geostationary orbit.
> RE:R&D, that's... not true. At the mega-scale, Cisco will fund regular moonshots that they'll "acquire" for ~$0.5B upon success.

Yes they are external entities, not part of Cisco. Cisco I believe calls them "spin-ins". They aren't Cisco employees though.
1) Yes, a unitary transformation like the Hadamard gate maps the state |0> to |0>+|1>, while mapping |1> to |0>-|1>. In either case, if you then just measured immediately in the {|0>,|1>} basis without doing anything else, you'd see |0> or |1> with equal probabilities, so it would have the effect of a coin flip. But of course, in other cases---e.g., if you measured in a different basis, or if you applied the Hadamard to a state that wasn't just a |0> or |1> basis state---you could see that Hadamard is not just a coin-flipping transformation, because it's able to produce interference.

2) When we talk about the different "paths" that contribute to a given amplitude, it's just a fancy way of saying that we can organize the matrix multiplications in such a way that the amplitude we want is a giant sum. So for example, suppose we apply Hadamard twice in sequence to the initial state |0>. The first Hadamard maps |0> to (|0>+|1>)/sqrt(2). The second Hadamard maps |0> to (|0>+|1>)/sqrt(2) and |1> to (|0>-|1>)/sqrt(2). So by linearity, it maps (|0>+|1>)/sqrt(2) to

((|0>+|1>)/sqrt(2) + (|0>-|1>)/sqrt(2))/sqrt(2)
= (1/2+1/2)|0> + (1/2-1/2)|1>.

So in this case, we could say that there are "two paths leading to |0>," both of which contribute 1/2 to its final amplitude (so that the amplitude is 1). There are also "two paths leading to |1>," but one contributes 1/2 to its amplitude and the other contributes -1/2, so the two contributions interfere destructively and the final amplitude of |1> is 0.

This is sometimes called the "Feynman" or "sum-over-paths" picture of quantum mechanics. As you can see, though, it's just a different way of looking at exactly the same math, namely multiplication of matrices and vectors.

So then why use the sum-over-paths picture at all? Well, a few reasons: physicists like it because it often gives them more insight into what's going on, into what are the more and less important contributions to a given process, and it can also make calculations easier. Meanwhile, computer scientists like the picture because it lets us simulate a quantum computer by a classical computer, still using exponential time but now using only a linear amount of memory, rather than the exponential amount of memory we'd need if we tried to store all 2^n amplitudes at once.
That's not what was widely reported.
Been reading Philip K. Dick recently, have we?
I surmise I'll still be learning it in 2028!
> It’s fairly easy to make a case that Japan is a good example of what the stage before post-scarcity looks like though. Yes there is poverty, but it’s unusual.

Is that true? Everything else I've heard about Japan says poverty is common and severe there.
“We tend to see science as this mystical beast living in the sky that, somehow, children see more clearly because they haven’t been clouded,” Onion says.

In tech you clearly see this. A lot of people believe that innovation can only come from people who are at max 30 years old because anyone with some years experience can't innovate anymore.
What I think about democracy is irrelevant. The question is: will idealism be enough to convince people to switch from Twitter to Mastodon and my answer is no.
Show your projects in motion with animated GIFs
I doubt that would work very well, considering the law of comparative advantage.
Hrmm yes a fair point. Also I see this paper suggests burning half a percent of your CPU resources for time synchronization which they wave away but I find to be quite substantial.
yes, exactly. came to say similar thoughts.
> If the politicians of a particular era were elected their policies must have been within the window of that era.

Sure, they're probably somewhere _within_ that window, but that tells us nothing about the boundaries of the window. Which politician gets elected depends on factors like funding, news coverage, campaign strategy, how districts are divided and how votes are weighted. Especially at the national level. Which policies an elected official implements is dependant upon lobbying, cooperation with other politicians, and legislative work that's going on at a particular time.

> If all the politicians, of all parties, in an earlier era were to the left of today it stands to reason that the range of policies acceptable to the public, ie the window, has moved to the right since then.

All politicians? That's a lot of people to consider, but I suppose that we don't have anyone in the west running on a fascist platform, even though that was popular in the early 20th century. I haven't seen any absolute monarchists, plutocrats, theocrats, or ethno-nationalists either. Nowadays monarchs are symbolic rulers and "plutocrat" is just an insult.

Those positions are all to the right of where we are today, and they're now well outside of public discourse. So, politicians of the past weren't all more left-leaning.

> Young people of the right agree just about as much as those of the left. Older generations of right and left are those holding the previous anachronistic views.

Exactly! Whether you're looking at Labor voters, Democrats, Republicans, or Independents, they've all shifted their views to the left, compared to where we were a few decades ago.

I'm not saying that individual people have changed their minds on social issues. We should expect to see old people that still have the same beliefs that were common during their formative years. Society as a whole has shifted as younger people grow up with a different value system and old people die off.
I have seen many people on HN and elsewhere use the same argument in other contexts. For example, to justify spending on the Apollo program on the grounds that some of the money was used to fund research which turned out to be useful outside of manned space flight. So apparently it is indeed considered a perfectly fine state of affairs.

I'm being a bit facetious of course, I just find it funny that people's acceptance of this argument depends on how much they support the primary subject of the funding.
Have you never worked with weak engineers?
The anti-vaxxers are either completely oblivious to the treacherous possibility that was life before polio vaccine or willfully ignorant.

Either is dangerous for the body public.
It's really godawful. Software guys have no idea how good they have it.

You have layers upon layers of closed source EDA tools and home-brew scripts, all built around horribly abysmal "standards" like SystemVerilog, mostly cobbled together in TCL and Perl.

For instance, the following sounds like a horrible joke, but it is real. In a real life, world-class company, port connections between modules are handled using a Perl script. This perl script invokes, I shit you not, an Emacs-Lisp Verilog parser, that scans your files to figure out what submodules you are instantiating, infers the ports that you want to connect, then injects a blob of connections directly into the source code file you were editing. The engineers at this company then commit the output of this Perl script into their source code repository. Predictably the diffs are full of line noise.

And you can't escape from this, any of it, because there are so many tools involved, and they all do such useful things, that you end up truly stuck using whatever features all of the tools support. And `ifdefs. Sigh...