skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I think your final observation is the important part. These studies cost a lot of (often scarce) funding resources. We probably shouldn’t spend the money on hypothetical strategies that cannot be practically implemented.

From a practical point of view, we necessarily want to know if there is a way to distinguish between teachers at or around an average level, since this is what necessarily applies to most cases. (Research on MOOC approaches, video lectures, etc., could be a separate strand of experiment though, to see if it can leverage the top decile to a broader audience).

This study is saying (modulo the usual limits of generalizing from just one study), that teachers a little above the threshold don’t cause compounding improvements in outcomes over a ~5 year period.

But as always it’s rife with possible issues.

- maybe bonus incentives weren’t high enough to induce any different effort?

- maybe thresholds for distinguishing good and bad teachers were not set right, or need to be dynamically adaptable to different circumstances

- maybe there were just confounders, like the mentioned school merger, making student performance primarily causally driven by non-teacher factors over these years in these locations

- maybe the particular student cohorts just respond differently to teacher-based treatments than students in general would

- maybe students or teachers are affected more by social engagements than learning activities, so that the firing of a beloved, but ineffective, teacher causes a student to remain underperforming, or even resentful of a new, but high-performing teacher.

Whatever the case, this single study does not really offer enough to conclusively (or even suggestively) say that rewarding good teachers or firing bad teachers has no effect.

It had no effect in this case, with this methodology. Would need to see replications and variations of the type of experiment before aligning any beliefs about budgets or teacher incentives towards this result.
Active Directory is just a fancy name for LDAP, Kerberos, and DNS (often in combination with CIFS). There's no reason why you cannot use an equiv in a partly or pure Linux/UNIX environment. And indeed, there are many partly Linux/UNIX environments where the servers are running on Linux/UNIX yet the clients are running on Windows. The killer feature of Windows is that people are used to running it as desktop, meaning a less steep learning curve. Another one to add to the list of features is Exchange, but even that has *NIX alternatives.
Around the early 1900's Argentina was the 10th(?) richest country in the world. Wiki:

> In 1913, the country's income per head was on a par with that of France and Germany, and far ahead of Italy's or Spain's.

Several bad government decisions changed that. No US support was needed to knock it off the list into a dizzying number of defaults.

The first Infamous Decade needed no help from the US.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infamous_Decade

(edited with more accurate dates)
All banks already use behavioral scores in credit card line management. Mortgages are a different story because there's little they can do once after the underwriting. That said, independent variables that go into behavior risk scores are not like the ones from the article.

In any case that game is pure gedankenexperiment, at least in the US. In reality banks have to comply with ECOA and host of other rules and regulations that limit the types of data they can use in credit decisions.

There may be more freedom outside the US, but even there social media probably carries much stronger signal.
I could see a case for all the other big tech companies, but why Apple?
> self-satisfaction at learning yet another single-purpose language

is a weird way of describing learning the language native to the web platform. I don't see a lot of people screaming about having to learn Objective C or Swift to make iOS apps.

> How is this significantly different from where we are now?

Err, because the DOM is a universal standard that comes built-in to every browser? <div style='background:red'/> looks the same everywhere, with no extra code required. If you're building a new renderer from scratch you're going to have a lot more code users need to download.
How does that even remotely follow? We're talking about an individual's productivity, not a firm's profitability.
I think you confuse the proliferation of techno-toys with quality of life. The same could be said of the proliferation of radio, automobiles, etc.
>nearly impossible

Your statement in very true in some locales, and not true at all in very many others. Teachers' unions are virtually nonexistent in the US South and Midwest, and only strong in the coastal blue states.

If "strong unions" made teachers lazy/bad, then we'd see poor performance in the strong union states like New Jersey, New York and California, and great teaching performance in the weak union states like Georgia, Louisiana and Mississippi. That... is not what we see.
I think it is you missing the forest for the trees. The majority of C code does not in fact have unsafe memory accesses. So clearly we have a problem here with the translator being too stupid or the language; neither is something I look for in a tool I use.
Well, there's this:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichthys
Another +1. I was recently contemplating a problem that could be aided by what I was calling strucural templating and almost wrote something like this.
I highly doubt there are any devices that are capable of accessing the modern web, with all its JavaScript bloat, yet cannot decode a simple audio codec. Even when Apple was installing AAC hardware decoders, they were already almost obsolete by modern embedded CPU development (especially the rise of medium-power ARM SoCs). I highly doubt any devices released in the past 5 years have any sort of fixed-function audio decoder. Maybe an encoder, possibly some general-purpose DSPs, but not a format-specific decoder.
Let's try to imagine what his thought processes were. And to do that I would try to put myself in his shoes and imagine what my thought processes would be: "I have this popular software, but I'm not getting rich out of it. What if I put crap adware with it. But that'd be dishonest and I would be helping the scammy/scummy side of the internet (1). Well, if I put a disclaimer on the download page, then it'd be the users' own damn fault if they miss it. And I'll make the download button extra big so they'll think 'I know what I need to do in this page, click' and miss the warning.".

(1) This is what I think about that section of the Internet, remember this is me putting myself in his shoes.

And at first I would feel guilty about scamming my users, but later on I would probably blame them for being stupid. And when others ask questions in the forum I would just reply tersely and arrogantly and say "It's all correct because I wrote a disclaimer.".

So, when you say "They make it clear", IMO that is very arguable. He (is the author of the software the same guy as the forum moderator, I'm getting the impression it's a one-man show) did the least he needed to do to be able to get away with installing crapware on their trusting clients' machines, because his aim is to make money, and he can make more money if less people notice the warning. I'm betting his lawyer told him he should write the warning on the download page, if I were him I would've thought about just putting a "By downloading you agree to the terms and conditions of the software being offered" with a link to a page with a wall of text, but probably his lawyer told him "that might be iffy."

This is a bit like Facebook saying they made it clear that they will copy SMSes and call logs from your phone...
I've written it in C because I wanted it to be reliable since it has to run in the background :).

Also, I am aware of other methods of avoiding MITM attacks, but I wanted to write a script to completly block ARP Poisoning attacks, without using any encryption, since some protocols/websites don't use an encrypted connection.

In the end, thanks for your tip. I will work on implementing this on android.
> JSON + Variables, Conditionals, Arithmetic, Functions, Imports, Error Propagation

Is this going full circle then? JS -> JSON -> JS.

More seriously and like someone already said, to many brackets and quotes for rapid prototyping.
Interesting! Thank you for mentioning that. I think that does resolve a lot of the problems I have mentioned, but it is still telling that I've tried to start two React SPAs in the past two years and didn't manage to find create-react-app. I wonder how many others are in the same boat.
For me (I believe few others) the {} and "" are ok as they provide a clear and consistent separation of structure and type at a quick glance, but the comma? That should have been avoided as even in JavaScript semicolons are increasingly being abandoned..
I heard about the murder but not the cluster-fuck. Was it another Boston Bomber situation?
What browser/OS/hardware configuration is this? I have never observed such an effect before.
Using innerHTML kind of is leaving the DOM manipulation to the C++ the browsers are written in!
Hi everyone..I am trying to recover from a deceitful relationship and also trying to help people figure out if their partners are cheating or not..I am friends with the head of team of a hacking team..His investigation services include surveillance of a cheating spouse, partner, wife, husband, boyfriend or girlfriend,hacks from destroying data and evidence against you,changing school and university grades,increasing credit score,expunging your driving and criminal records to someone who is trying to blackmail you,he does random bank wire transfers and etc..He helped me hacked into my ex phone and find out he was cheating on me..If it wasn't for him,I would be in the dark still...Here's >>>>enriquehackdemon11at) gee mail (dot) C o M )>>>>..Tell your friends,family and loved ones to get in touch with him..He offers affordable rates, fast service and is highly confidential….enriquehackdemon11(at) gee mail (dot) C o M )
Paying a bribe is an illegal act. That's what should be punished. And gathering evidence for such crimes is not a justification for instituting a total surveillance state that makes it a crime to not report how we use our money.
They'd certainly be a different class. I'd imagine a much more competitive selection process for entry into the profession, and the emergence of a generation who excelled at succeeding in that process, but might not be the type to commit to a life of advocating for children.

Especially if they possess the skills/drive to switch to other more lucrative occupations.

Don't get me wrong though I think that teachers should be well paid, more than enough to live comfortably and happily so they can enjoy what should be a very fulfilling job for them.
I think you're the one missing the point. While the U.S. military's record in the past 100 years or so is not unblemished, it has unquestionably been one of the greatest forces for good on the planet. Absent the defensive shield provided by the U.S. military:

- At some time between 1945 and 1950 the USSR likely would have moved the Iron Curtain all the way to the Atlantic, and quite possibly to the west coast of Britain or even Ireland. Practically anyone who lived under Communist rule in Central- and Eastern Europe would agree that this would have been a Very Bad Thing.

- In the summer of 1950 the Korean peninsula would most certainly have been reunited under the Kim Il Sung regime — this damned near happened anyway, when the U.S. and ROK forces were nearly pushed into the sea at Pusan — and the South Korean economic miracle would never have occurred, to say nothing of the fact that the North Korean gulag would be that much larger.

- Japan probably would have rearmed, and who knows what that would have led to.

Oh, and absent the freedom of the seas heretofore provided by the United States Navy, the world's economy would look very, very different.

As to "smart policy and liberal principles," those are certainly important. But as President Obama said in his Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech, nonviolence wouldn't have stopped Hitler's armies.

Disclosure: I'm biased — I'm both a veteran and the son of a career U.S. military officer.
One alternative I suggested around 2010:
"Towards a Post-Scarcity New York State of Mind (through homeschooling)" https://www.pdfernhout.net/towards-a-post-scarcity-new-york-...
"New York State current spends roughly 20,000 US dollars per schooled child per year to support the public school system. This essay suggests that the same amount of money be given directly to the family of each homeschooled child. Further, it suggests that eventually all parents would get this amount, as more and more families decide to homeschool because it is suddenly easier financially. It suggests why ultimately this will be a win/win situation for everyone involved (including parents, children, teachers, school staff, other people in the community, and even school administrators :-) because ultimately local schools will grow into larger vibrant community learning centers open to anyone in the community and looking more like college campuses. New York State could try this plan incrementally in a few different school districts across the state as pilot programs to see how it works out. This may seem like an unlikely idea to be adopted at first, but at least it is a starting point for building a positive vision of the future for all children in all our communities. Like straightforward ideas such as Medicare-for-all, this is an easy solution to state, likely with broad popular support, but it may be a hard thing to get done politically for all sorts of reasons. It might take an enormous struggle to make such a change, and most homeschoolers rightfully may say they are better off focusing on teaching their own and ignoring the school system as much as possible, and letting schooled families make their own choices. Still,homeschoolers might find it interesting to think about this idea and how the straightforward nature of it calls into question many assumptions related to how compulsory public schooling is justified. Also, ultimately, the more people who homeschool, the easier it becomes, because there are more families close by with which to meet during the daytime (especially in rural areas). And sometime just knowing an alternative is possible can give one extra hope. Who would have predicted ten years back that NYS would have a governor who was legally blind and whose parents had been forced to change school districts just to get him the education he needed? So, there is always "the optimism of uncertainty", as historian Howard Zinn says. We don't know for sure what is possible and what is not."
My solution if I can't fix the leak is usually to place a sponge or cloth under the tap.
> When people say childcare they tend to mean professional daycare, no?

No, not necessarily. It's more about availability. Even if you do assume it's "professional" childcare in some manner, it's one of the easiest small businesses to start. The regulations are strict, but the requirements are cheap beyond location and food.

My wife ran a daycare out of our house for a short period when our children were small, as it was more cost effective than having two children in daycare elsewhere.
You’d get better teachers no doubt. But would it have any effect on student outcomes?
> usually power

That may be true but I'm not sure it applies in this context. Another valid reason is because at a larger scale it is easier to get the dimensions to be within a fairly close tolerance of the counterpart and hence to get two parts that function well in tandem.

Matched pairs and current mirrors are exactly the right situations for this and so they tend to be oversized, even if that slows the parts down considerably.
The usage of "cloud" is now so broad that basically Hacker News is a cloud, because I can log into it.
No, all memory accesses in C are unsafe in the keyword-in-Rust sense: `unsafe` indicates that an API can be misused to cause undefined behaviour, contrasting to non-`unsafe` code where any potential undefined behaviours will be caught at compile time or runtime, no matter how incorrect the program/use of the API is. Just like C, it is an incorrect Rust program if undefined behaviour actually happens, meaning all uses of `unsafe` have to actually be safe, but it's up to the programmer to ensure this, with less compiler assistance than in normal Rust.

Every single pointer access `*p` or `p[i]` in C has potential for undefined behaviour (e.g. p is NULL, points to an invalid object, or i is out of bounds), and thus the Rust equivalent is surfacing this risk in a more obvious way.
So it's about what you think we in the West should hope for, not about what you think the government will tolerate. You support the current gateeeping of the financial system, and think the West would be harmed by the circumvention/disarming of laws that make it possible.

I don't agree that ending the financial surveillance state means the end of law enforcement. The surveillance state is a relatively new phenomenon, and I believe it has only one destination: extreme concentration of power, erosion of private property rights, and enablement of tyranny. There are many more means of gathering evidence of crimes besides warrantless surveillance.
Failure rate is usually high early in the time, low in middle, and high again at long term.
In the context of hardware, this mean that at start laptops will fail soon (caught in factory), or it will fail later in the time.
A 10 years old laptop have a high probability to fail, so the probability that someone wanted to run a memtest is very high too.
> No, immigrants do not have abysmal rates of employment

I think it depends on the specific form of migration to that country. For example the USA or Switzerland have very high skilled people coming to their country. In Germany too, but there was and is also a large influx of very uneducated migrants. Currently 55% of all welfare recipients in Germany are people with a migration background which shows that the opportunities/capabilities are not equal.

I do think though that welfare can still work with free movement, it is just that there would need to be a similar level in all/many countries.
Ah mind you I didn’t say undamageable. Gotta be able to die from injury because surviving the heat deatj of the universe, while fascinating, sounds kinda terrible.

Basically you want to avoid aging, not death. Imagine being immortal, but not infinitely healable, and someone chops you up into pieces. Not fun. Can’t even imagine the pain and you’d have to endure it for quite a while.

I have spent too much of ky youth working out details or such potential asks. Never know when you gonna meet a wish granting genie
Yup, quality of the teacher might be one minor factor among much more major ones (a child’s domestic situation, etc.)
The increase in wealth from someone moving from a poor to a rich country is massive, and far more than the marginal benefit to an employer from hiring them rather than a slightly more expensive alternative person.
Are scooter startups really worth billions?
This seems to be a semantic argument with “full control” implying 100%, whereas in reality it could be 98% or 76% or 59% or 11%, who knows.

What’s the actionable item here? Should we fire all teachers and replace them with hamsters who would coincidentally also not exercise full control?
Why would it not? The government didn't bar whites from traveling after Oklahoma City..
Show HN: RequestWatch – Now even better
Hi,
Just published new updates to https://www.requestwatch.com which include:

1. Customizable response for Watch URLs.
2. HTTPS enabled. But Watch URLs will support both http and https.
3. UI updates and bug fixes.

Coming up next: Java library to allow using RequestWatch from automated tests.
> Why is it that more developed nations have to find solutions for failed states by re-homing the population which voted for those same policies instead of leaving them to fight and improve the conditions in their own countries.

Because developed nations have a vested interest in keeping international peace where possible as it is good for trade and national security.

You’re also assuming every country is a fair democracy, and that they can resolve issues without international support.

Remember that every developed country (including your own) has only been able to develop by leveraging cheaper labour and goods from 3rd world countries over the past 300 years, we are all very closely linked, whether you like it or not.
It is quite a good read, but its sad to see how computing has continued to be locked away from the end user, affording them access to a walled garden of the manufacturers choosing, with no ability to change OSes or even install basic security updates without the hardware manufacturers consent and involvement.
The premise under discussion is that they have a soul, so it's a big leap to say that they have a soul but no capacity for moral judgment.

I also reject the premise that an act may be evil if propagated by a human but ok if done by a being without moral judgment.
In the context of Rust, unsafe does not mean incorrect or vulnerable to memory unsafety. Unsafe refers to code whose memory safety has not been proven (by the compiler's static analysis based on ownership and lifetimes, given the assumption of correctness of other unsafe code (so you can look at the proof of memory safety of a program as a whole as an inductive tree of proofs, with the leaves being unsafe code like in `std::Vec`, which is subject to formal and practical scrutiny outside of rustc's static analysis).

By this definition, all C code has unsafe memory accesses. However, it is possible to define static analyses that can prove memory safety of some portions of C programs, and incorporating such a thing into C2Rust would allow it to generate more safe Rust and less unsafe Rust.
My sister is a teacher, and had been recognized as "high performing". She was even given some type of award. She always taught in pretty well off areas where students came from supportive families.

A few years ago she moved to a school on the edge of a native reserve. She is now officially a "low performing" teacher. She insists she works twice as hard as before and has much more positive impact on the lives of her students. She's been robbed and beat up by students. Yet she now devotes her life to these kids, and would probably be fired in this type of experiment.

My guess is that the 'good' and 'bad' teachers in the study were almost totally dependent on the kids they had.
Ask yourself why the company moves its operations to a "low-capital" country.

And while you're at it, ask how companies justify that as a boon for the country they're moving to, then reconcile with the original statement.
Essential Free Python Maths Tools
I'm tired of the 'too fractured' trope. Backend programming is too fractured too then- should I use Java? Go? Python? Rust? What database? What build system? What CI system?

Frontend is massive, why would one suppose that a single solution would work for everyone?

Horrible metric, GitHub stars:

- 104k React

- 58k Angular.js

- 43k Go

- 42k WebPack
I dunno. I was at the mercy of semi-literate, chain-smoking trailer trash, and I turned out alright. The bar is very low in childcare.
Hell, I've had and have heard of service-industry level jobs doing this to people for years.

One of my first jobs was as a waiter. Showed up one day to check the schedule and couldn't find my name on any of the shifts. Management never told anyone that they were cutting staff, they would just stop schedule you and you were just supposed take the hint and move on. When I confronted them on it they were surprised that I hadn't just "gotten the hint."

And the practice must be rather wide spread. I've heard similar stories, even from corporate chains, were workers are just laid off not by a discussion with their manager but by just not being scheduled.

So I can hardly find employees doing unsympathetic.