skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Tidy features (like pipes) are detrimental to performance.

Detrimental to the runtime performance; if you happen to be reading and processing tabular data from a csv (which is all I've ever used R for, I must admit), then you get real performance gains as a programmer. For one thing, it allows a functional style where it is much harder to introduce bugs. If someone is trying to write performant code they should be using a language with actual data structures (and maybe one that is a bit easier to parallelism than R). The vast bulk of the work done in R is not going to be time sensitive but is going to be very vulnerable to small bugs corrupting data values.

Tidyverse, and really anything that Hadley Wickham is involved in, should be the starting point for everyone who learns R in 2018.

> languages like R and MATLAB that were designed for data frames and matrices

Personal bugbear; the vast majority of data I've used in R has been 2-dimensional, often read directly out of a relational database. It makes a lot of sense why the data structures are as they are (language designed a long time ago in a RAM-lite environment), but it is just so unpleasant to work with them. R would be vastly improved by /single/ standard "2d data" class with some specific methods for "all the data is numeric so you can matrix multiply" and "attach metadata to a 2d structure".

There are 3 different data structures used in practice amongst the R libraries (matrix, list-of-lists, data.frame). Figuring out what a given function returns and how to access element [i,j] is just an exercise in frustration. I'm not saying a programmer can't do what I want, but I am saying that R promotes a complicated hop-step-jump approach to working with 2d data that isn't helpful to anyone - especially non-computer engineers.
This is known as scalable coding and has been included as an extension or profile in at least every ISO and ITU standard since MPEG-2, see for example https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalable_Video_Coding (this article seems to be specific to H.264)
A true classic; I read (and re-read) the dead-trees version (a library copy, even!) many moons ago.

A similar and more modern take on these same fundamentals of flight dynamics titled "See How It Flies" is freely online at https://www.av8n.com/how/ — enthusiastically recommended.

/Acey
The Marvel contract has proven remarkably difficult to deal with, and there are empires that have been funded in Florida as disney tries to find a way to undo it.
I am more for Comcast - Fox merger than Disney - Fox merger personally.

It's scary, but hey, this is America.
I'm reminded of Lovecraft, who would use a thesaurus to pad his paid-by-the-word word counts by inserting various adjectives that sounded scary but didn't actually mean anything in context.
[video] Hacker who hacked CIA director gives hilarious interview
I have no idea how it ended up on the front page of HN, but this is an amazing book. Highly recommended for any pilot, especially those flying small airplanes. Don't let the date scare you, it holds up incredibly well. Wolfgang figured out how to describe things that good pilots do unconsciously in a way I've never seen matched.

I'd like to share one passage that because of a small aside in the middle of a sentence has stuck with me for years.

Of course it is conceivable that a perfectly maintained airplane, perfectly trimmed and flying in smooth air, might continue to fly straight ahead indefinitely simply because it would never be disturbed, would never get that first slight deflection from straight flight which starts the spiraling. But it is also conceivable that a pencil, stood on its point, might be so perfectly balanced and so completely shielded from all disturbances that it would stand on its point indefinitely. Both things are philosophically possible; both are so highly improbable as to be practically impossible. And anyway, the stability of a thing, just like that of a man, does not consist in its being shielded from all disturbances and thus preserving a precarious balance; it consists in the ability to recover from disturbances that inevitably will occur, and to regain lost balance.
The little-known behavioral scientist who transformed cities all over the world
> so big that 1.3 million people were displaced to build it.

The fact that China built a large hydroelectric power plant (Three Gorges Dam) that displaced a lot of people, shouldn't be an argument against Bitcoin. There are ways to provide electricity for Bitcoin mining that are green and don't displace people.

> safeguard the proceeds of wealthy hackers' speculation

The people who get richest from the stock market are those who are already wealthier to begin with. Are you against the stock market and securities in general?

> nor ever will provide as much utility to the world as, say, Ireland.

Apples to oranges comparisons aside, a better comparison would be Bitcoin eventually becoming a popular alternative for gold investment, and/or an alternative to Western Union.

Gold mining causes direct physical destruction of landscapes and ecosystems [1]. I think Bitcoin mining largely displacing gold mining is a good thing.

Western Union charges as much as $95 to send $1,000 [2], and their customers are generally poorer working-class people. M-Pesa in Kenya has already demonstrated that mobile money services can lift hundreds of thousands of people out of poverty [3]. The Bitcoin protocol doesn't have a corporate profit motive and can become a cheaper and more globally scalable version of Western Union or M-Pesa.

[1] https://www.brilliantearth.com/gold-mining-environment/

[2] https://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/banking/western-union-review...

[3] https://news.mit.edu/2016/mobile-money-kenyans-out-poverty-1...
I don't see any references to pi in that.
Presumably, the CBP agents set up on both sides.
Someone really needs to do a "For carrying-on an undertaking of great advantage but no-one to know what it is!" ICO
In a nutshell, that's difference between capitalism and corporatism / fascism.
Establish Least Privileged Best Practice for Your Kubernetes Clusters
I have a recent hardback version that I lend out to folks interested in flying or are going through their training.

While not to everyone’s taste, the style of writing is approachable and distils many somewhat technical concepts (for folks with a poor physics background) into very easily understandable passages.

The book is centred around on more how to fly an aircraft, rather than how an aircraft flies, but covers both equally well, and is quiet a refresher in all the current flight training manuals and regulations that one has to go through.
It give feedback as to whether people feel that your comments contribute positively to the discussion. Not algo but useful.
This is still (after 74 years) a hugely popular book among student pilots to understand the basics of fling. Technically, very little has changed over all those years. Popular training and GA aircraft like the Cessna 152/172 are built and powered in the exact same way as back then.
It is sad that so much indigenous knowledge was lost.

One of the most infamous events in the Americas was when Roman Catholic Bishop Diego de Landa (1524 - 1579) burned thousands of Mayan codices, an event comparable to the destruction of the Library of Alexandria. The motivation was the extermination of Mayan culture.

To put things in perspective, how would you feel if all works written in the English language were piled up and burned? One thing is to disagree with the content of whatever document, another thing is to permanently suppress it.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_de_Landa

Likewise, a lot of artifacts from the first civilizations like Sumer were lost over the last couple of decades because of wars in the middle east resulting in museum sackings. The artifacts that were not destroyed, are probably now contaminated and proving their authenticity will be very hard.

Some people do not support the presence of ancient artifacts museums in foreign museums, but in retrospective, the more distributed and safer those artifacts are, the better.
Ridiculously terrible analysis. The obvious assessment is that when people use their tether to buy coins, thereby leaving exchanges, the price goes up as there is more demand. This generally occurs when investors believe they can get an asset for a steal, such as when the Bitcoin price goes down.
Information never goes faster than light, even though quantum information does. But, the communication is more secure because the data which goes from node to node is quantum encoded. So if someone would eavesdrop, the code would break and the receiver would immediately know there was an eavesdropper, as he would no longer be able to decode the information. Quantum information can only have 1 sender and 1 receiver.
Using network namespaces and a virtual switch to isolate servers
Eh, there are two kinds of bike thieves. The first kind show up in a van with half a dozen buddies with a pocket angle grinders and empty out the lot in two minutes. They are extremely rare but there's little defense.

The other kind are crackheads that just grab the bike and yank on it until the chain breaks or the bike does. There's a whole market for expensive bike locks that don't work against the first group and are overkill for the second.

The kind of bike thief that carries a wrench so they can unbolt the stop sign and then puts it back afterward doesn't exist. Plus they have to deal with a bike that still has an awkward bike lock hanging off of it.
I personally don't understand the valuation, but there certainly seems to be demand for both their bonds and equity. Here's another Bloomberg article with info on their recent $700mm bond sale in April and a couple of interesting excerpts:

> The company had initially planned to sell $500 million, and then received orders of about five times that amount.

> Moody’s Investors Service rated the notes Caa1, seven steps into junk. S&P Global Ratings rated them three steps higher than Moody’s at B+, while Fitch gave them a rating of BB-, four steps higher than Moody’s.

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-25/wework-bo...
Government regulation + monopoly
Your pipe examples are a failure of the market to correctly capture externalities.

I'm not sure how not having cheap fibre to ge doorstep is an externality.
Very true. Everyone should know their TNO, Trust No One. As far as I can see it's the only way to really operate in the world of computer security that we live in.
I'm someone with an intermediate level of coding experience, but I have no idea what exactly is meant here by "encoding complexity". What's the difference between 3X and 100X? What's the encoding complexity of h.264 vs MPEG-2? Is it just saying that they're OK with the encoding algorithm taking 100 times as much processing power or taking 100 times as many processor cycles to compress a given data stream?
Not only did it get faster as a drop in replacement (assuming you thought ahead at all sometime in the last 10 years), but if you can make use of the new async keywords you can get much faster code after a slight refactor.
You're telling two stories. One is, that you have antipathies to the CEO because he behaves badly. Well, thats market-effecting, so its information you can (and did) use to inform your investment decisions. But, its a short-term investment process. This doesn't really inform deliverables in the medium to long term, or the fundamentals of the company.

The second story is structural debt burden and the effect on profitability. I am not an economist, but I think you may have over-stated this. I think it would be a mistake to make investment decisions based on your information, absent clear signals from people who ARE economists about the effect on short, medium and longterm investment outcomes. If (as I suspect) you are looking for short term profits, well and good, you can use this rationally to say "dispationately I don't think I can see a return on my investment by value gain or dividend, so I won't invest" But if somebody is a non-dispassionate investor, in for the medium to long term because of a belief building the EV market has wider outcomes which WILL raise their stock value, or return dividends, then this debt burden is a risk-side decision: Is the risk of a problem sufficient to outweigh the chance of the upside in the longer term?
Yeah...they did goof a little on that. The examples where the eyes of the people depicted have been completely removed should make it obvious that there was some painting that was done after the plaster. It's a shame.
You can easily avoid this by only using Official Images and Certified Content from the Docker Store: https://store.docker.com/
No issue with what you're saying here. The primary point I wanted to emphasize was that our application of regulations to the telephone system is not in line with whom I was replying to said, that there was around a 30-40 year gap.
Duplicate: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17306166
> That is specific to the Linux code itself which is taken from upstream.

No, I don't believe that's the case.

> Linux distro vendors provide a contractual relationship with their customer base that provide SLA's around patching security defects and bugs.

I don't think many - if any - GNU/Linux distro vendors provide anything like that.

RHEL may - it's been a while since I've read a RH contract - but most distributions, as noted by parent, make it quite clear in the licence agreement that everything is provided as is and is sold without any warranty or assurance of suitability etc.

> They also enforce policies around uptake of new third party code.

Is third party code here the same as 'upstream' in the first take? 99% of most distributions code is 'third party' or 'upstream' in the sense it comes from people other than distribution maintainers.

> They also do extensive patching of all of their packages to mitigate the vulnerabilities that upstream providers do not patch.

I know Debian does this, and I trust them with the process. I'm not a big fan of RedHat, but I also know they have an excellent reputation on this front.

It doesn't change the fact that licences clearly put responsibility on the user not the distributor.
Typing this from a Make Office (WeWork competitor). I am not surprised at their cashflow situation. A local office recently poached a bunch of members from the Make location I'm at. They were offering 6 months free rent. It seems like a "share at all cost" kind of strategy.

Especially considering the churn rate I see at Make, I'd be surprised if they do much more than break even on the customers they got with a 6-month credit.
I hope to god they mean to say 'TypeScript'.

Otherwise, they'll never finish :)
Intel Lazy FPU Information Leak Vulnerability
Equifax provides plenty of value to companies. The problem is that their business model creates massive negative externalities which are borne by individuals who have no business relationship with them. Equifax is analogous to a gross polluter.
Dont worry, if it ever does effect equifax's bottom line the government will just award them more contracts....

Equifax is "too big to fail" and the government will ensure it does not
GitHub employees agreed to work for pay, both in competitive guaranteed wages (salary, health insurance and other benefits) and also with stock, which is not guaranteed. Sounds fair to me.

You don't think it's fair -- fine, but what would be fair?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11
I believe the category is mobile workstation rather than a laptop. I have a P50 and like it a lot, but it's not a machine you casually whip out in an airplane.
Does that include Red Hat Enterprise Linux? I can't believe how old of a kernel they use still. I have to use it for work, but I run Arch at home which is running 4.16.13. I'm honestly surprised that Red Hat can't manage to keep their distros current with stable package builds.
Ask HN: How much do you spend on Adwords/others, and is it effective?
Now that I've got some concrete sales for one of my products, I'm thinking about spending a bit on advertising for my consulting firm (specifically one product: https://osrec.co.uk/products/heavymetl).

My question: is it really worth it? I ignore pretty much every ad I've ever seen online (apart from one that gave me free Adwords credit :p), so I'd like to gather some opinions/anecdata to determine whether this is a worthwhile thing to do, and how much I can expect to spend before reaping the benefits.

Thanks in advance for any input!
I found my therapist with https://www.findheadway.com/.

Afterward, it also automatically submitted my insurance claim for me, so I didn't have to do all that paperwork, which I probably would have given up on anyway.

Unfortunately, it looks like it only works for NYC.
Because then students start using 3 or 4 different languages, can't figure something out, and come bitching to the TA to tell them what they did wrong, and now the TA needs to know 5 different ways to implement the same thing.

Ironically, you complain about wanting to learn statistical concepts, and not a language, but by focusing on a single language, they can minimize the amount of time spent on agonizing over lines of code trying to get to the same answer, and instead focus on the actual statistical problem.

Its also important to note that there are lots of potential pitfalls for people who don't know about them. For example, scikit-learn is the most popular python package out there for most data analysis work. But I would bet my ass that at least 50+% of its users don't realize that the logistic regression implementation implements L2 regularization by default, and in fact there is no (non-hackish) way of implementing non-penalized logistic regression. So you will be getting completely different answers than someone who would be using R, SAS, SPSS, etc. And the only way for someone to know this is for someone to understand the implementation of the function in all possible languages.
Most companies that I know of have a policy preventing employees from shorting/hedging their company's stock. I imagine virtually none of the shorts belong to current Tesla employees.
It's a pretty typical provision in employment contracts that you aren't allowed to bet against the stock of your employer. I'd be surprised if any meaningful percentage of Tesla employees were shorting their own company.
I won't speak for HN, but here's a tongue in cheek summary of my experience with R.

I write a script. It doesn't work. I don't know why. I look at the error message, and then google for 30 minutes to understand what it really means - which parts of the code broke, why, how to fix them. Because none of the 3 things (which, why, how) is easy to get to.

OK, I fix it, having learned something new (like that there are infinite special cases with almost any functions).

I commit it to repo, go for coffee. In the afternoon, a colleague asks how to run that code. Well, it was a simple script, half a page, what's the problem?

I take a look, and on their machine it doesn't run. We don't know why. An hour later we discover she has some R profile file with a setting that changes behavior of some standard library... and she also has different encoding set as default, and so on, and so forth... whatever. I don't know why runtime environment encoding changes behavior of code that only deals with numbers, but hey! It's interesting at least.
We fix it, we are happy.

A few days later I run the script again. It works. The result doesn't look right though. It's mostly zeroes. Hmm.

I run it a few more times, playing around with input, trying to figure out what's up.

OK, after a few minutes I realize there's lots of red color that flashes on running the script on my screen - just so fast I barely see it.

It turns out half the code isn't really running, the script just ignores it though (errors do NOT stop the code from running), and keeps going. It produces partial output happily announcing it finished.

That is the most serious mindfuck. Everything is OK, says the prompt, here's your 1 megabyte result of the calculation, oh, just don't look at the numbers, because I havent' really run any of the code... I couldn't find one of the functions.

I sit there wondering. Which is worse: the fact that every time I try launching the script something else is happening, or the fact that the runtime environment by default will return garbage with NO warning at the end (which is the only thing you see on screen) but with a million warnings in between (which you won't see unless you have really good reflexes...).

Which is worse?

I decided at some point, that I want a language to fail, and to always give me the same result. An error, an exception, this should kill the program and shout as loud as possible "Won't give you anything". Also I want code that ran yesterday to run today, and to run on my colleague's machine, and on a newer version of R. This was never our experience.
Like others, I had a hard time finding a therapist to deal with my anxiety. My 6 month search added more stress to my life — I didn’t know where to go or what to look for.

My frustration led me to talk to 200+ clients and therapists to learn more about how this should work. I ultimately started a company to solve this exact issue using my research (www.joinreflect.com).

Lots of great comments already, so I’ll just add a few things I learned if helpful:

1. According to the research, the biggest predictor of success in therapy is fit (who you “click” with). There’s no right therapist for everyone. I suggest first thinking about why you’re looking and what style of work you might be interested in (e.g., do you want to talk through issues or find a solution/change behavior?)

2. Definitely review profiles/websites and see what the specific clinician has experience with

3. Orientation is a helpful filter to predict style, but it’s not nearly as rigid as you may think. In reality, many therapists say they’re “client centered” and can flow between orientations (e.g., CBT vs. psychodynamic). Some specialities are more evidence-based than others (in academic setting), but again, fit is most important

4. There’s little practical difference between degree type if you’re looking for talk therapy (MDs can prescribe medicine, doctorate level can do assessments, associates are under supervision of a licensed clinician)

5. Many therapists offer free 15 min calls to try, so def take advantage of those (2-3 usually works if you have a targeted list). In the calls, ask specifically how the therapist might work with you to treat the issue(s) and see if the style matches what you feel comfortable with. Note, you might have to call a bunch to even get 2-3 on the phone, especially if you want to use insurance as many providers are full

Figuring out #1 can be hard. I started reflect (www.joinreflect.com) to use my research to help others. reflect is live in the Bay Area, so check us out if you’re here. We match you with therapists well suited to your needs based on an algorithm I developed, and you can try each for free. 90% of those who do find a therapist they like, and we have the largest self-pay network of therapists in the Bay Area with ~300 clinicians and growing. In-person sessions are $95, and you can use out-of-network insurance and HSA/FSA.

Even if you’re not in the Bay, feel free to email hello@joinreflect.com. I’m the founder, so either I or someone on my team will get back to you ASAP. We’d love to help any way we can. Good luck!
Interesting to see it has a 170W power supply - that’s a lot of energy!
It would be so much more gratifying to see 50000 people sue individually and have Equifax have to staff 50000 individual cases. They could choose to defend for more than $5K per case win or lose, or they could just pay out $5K to each litigant.

Equifax would beg for a class action where they get off for $500/litigant + a couple million to the winning attorneys.
this is simply not true. the causation and correlation was biased. Tether needs to print when there is volatility is just how the system works to keep the peg