skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
You could ask the same question about fashion. I think the answer is simply memes — not in the modern jokey sense, but the real definition of a contagious idea.
> 1/ PDFs technically are code though. They're Turing complete.

That's not really relevant to the concern being raised, though. Although implied, the real concern is running code that has the same system access as your typical executable. That means opening arbitrary files or executing arbitrary executables. I doubt a PDF can do that.

> 2/ running `evince budget.pdf` is exactly the same as running `./budget.pdf` where PDF's are mapped to evince via binfmt_misc. Just as running `./my-script.sh` is literally the same as running `/bin/sh ./my-script.sh` (where the shebang is /bin/sh). So your example and counter-example are actually the same process getting called by the kernel.

This also misses the point. The concern is not that evince will be called, but that it trains the user be less explicit about what he/she wants to do, and that this could cause the system to, at some point, imply the user's intention wrong.

If the first bytes of a file called, `./budget.pdf`, are "#!/bin/bash", the user is most probably going to expect running his trusted evince executable to run pdf code that he/she doesn't need to put particular trust on because the PDF reader will keep it completely restricted from accessing other OS interfaces. What actually will happen, though, is that it's going execute code that has access to everything the user has access to.

We know that this is similar to how scripts are treated, but we don't want that. We need to put way different amounts of trust between data and code files, and having the way we express opening a file differ from running a file expresses that difference of trust to the system.

>> For instance, if I do "./budget.pdf", I expect it to run the code from my pdf reader. In this case, an attack would require exploiting a vulnerability in the pdf reader. That is to say, budget.pdf is not untrusted code, but rather untrusted data.

>You cannot simply do ./budget.pdf. If you don't have the executable bit set you'd get a permission denied error (since that file doesn't have permission to execute). And even if you did have the execution bit set, it would fail because there isn't an interpreter configured to execute a pdf (which is the point of binfmt_misc in this context).

>The executable bit is what Linux / UNIX / et al use to set whether something is executable code or not.

You can't have your cake and eat it too. :) I'm not even sure if you're really refuting gizmo686's point here. The discussion in this thread is about the potential use of binfmt_misc to open up data files. Because binfmt_misc requires it, it's a given that the executable bit will be set, because this leads us to extend the meaning of "executing" something to opening up data files. I mean "[executing] a pdf"? This would also lead to "executing" png, jpg, zip, mp4, etc. If use of binfmt_misc for this becomes widespread, the executable bit will hardly protect a thing anymore.
>But their film cameras lagged Nikon in the sophistication of their AF, their automated exposure control, and especially their flash exposure control.

I'm sorry, but you are completely off base here. Nikon always had the lead in flash exposure, yes. But in AF and lenses especially? Canon was the first to completely break compatibility with their older (FD mount) lenses which allowed them to have lightning fast autofocus (Ultrasonic line), which took Nikon more than a decade to catch up to. Same with exposure zones and metering accuracy combined with extremely fast drives - this basically meant that Canon took over sports photography in the mid 90s.
Thank you for your unbiased analysis - I was absolutely wrong about being exploited and offered zero sensible opportunities, silenced, devalued.

Go USA!!! Thank you for being such an ubermensch and inventing all that stuff. We are obviously too stupid here to invent anything, I wonder why.
IIRC they took this practice from Microsoft, which had already abandoned it by then
BTW, I recently opened an RFC (the way substantial changes to ponylang are introduced and discussed publicly) that introduces partial versions of basic arithmetic operators. The partial division is going to error on division by zero. This would allow the programmer to chose between what kind of behavior is most desirable for the use case.

https://github.com/ponylang/rfcs/blob/partial-arithmetic/tex...
Who makes these watchlists and are they being watched?
No, gross margin doesn't include R&D. That money's spent and gone, so is pretty much irrelevant towards future costs & profitability. Relevant from an academic perspective, but not from a business perspective.

Or at least that's the traditional view; purchasers of Model 3's now expect OTA updates so there is a little bit of R&D cost in the future but it's very minor compared to what's already been spent.

That also doesn't include self-driving R&D, but that's not included in the $35K base model so is also irrelevant.
> Or would you structure, delegate and spread things out across time and space (doing most of the work) and then later edit and merge it together.

I tend to have the programmer's mindset about things like this. Put it in version control and let the VCS tool help you split and merge and fork and pull as well as track your changes over time and the reasoning behind them.

You tend to favor the workflow you know, after all.
You don’t have to be a Project Manager to deliver Projects successfully
https://douglas-fraser.com/FakeReviews/index.html

I did my dissertation on this topic - text only analysis. I used a dataset that was commonly used in the beginning, but there are some issues with it. I plan to extend this to real reviews, as in 80 million Amazon ones (when I get the time).

Text based features are useful, but non-text based ones are even more so. Even spamming groups can be detected; at least there has been research into that. Combining all the techniques in an ensemble would be productive - but is it really in Amazon's interest? My sense is whatever they do, they pick the low hanging fruit and trying to process every review that comes in would require a lot of CPUs perhaps. But stuff like floods of reviews for new products that are fairly similar should be easy to detect. Perhaps they are relying on Fakespot and reviewmeta to do the heavy lifting.
I'm a big fan of AdAway on F-Droid, which blocks using the hosts file.

It does require root, however.
There are many, many schools that are not decent. There are plenty of others that are 'decent' but have no resources to support any student who has even a minor learning deficient. In order to pull themselves up and compete on an even playing field with the rich/elite kids the majority of students need more than a 'basic education'.
It tells you what Tesla's margins are going to be, as R&D cost per unit decreases/is amortized over more units as production scales up. Check out their free cash flow [1]. You'll see that it's always in the red before production scales up (Model S first, then the X, and now the 3).

TL;DR If production continues to scale up, the Model 3 will be wildly (relatively speaking for the auto industry) profitable (and the battery cost is possibly under $100/kw, which would be big if true).

Sidenote: Elon's enormous pay package [2] that was approved requires one final condition be satisfied; four consecutive quarters with 30-percent gross margins. If I had to bet real money, I'd say 2018Q3 is when those margins begin to be realized, his compensation delivered 2019Q4/2020Q1, and his plan to go to Mars accelerate (possibly as a direct SpaceX customer).

Sidenote #2: The Model 3's battery pack has the lowest amount of Cobalt in the industry (2.8%, known state of the art is ~8%). Panasonic (Tesla's battery production partner) is currently working to remove the need for any Cobalt whatsoever [3]. Good for margins, good for production throughput, mixed bag for conflict areas Cobalt is sourced from. Can't win 'em all.

[1] https://i.imgur.com/HjyKxTm.png

[2] http://money.cnn.com/2018/03/21/investing/elon-musk-tesla-pa...

[3] https://ca.reuters.com/article/businessNews/idCAKCN1IV14Y-OC...

Usual disclaimer: TSLA investor
How do we know they do anything different for either way? We don't. Maybe they just "true delete" all accounts.
Aren't a lot of so called 'algorithmic problems' similar to brain teasers? If you have seen it before, you'll know it. But otherwise, there is not much chance of you cracking it without an 'Aha' moment, which may or may not come during the one hour allocated for an interview.

Weird tricks in bit manipulation, linked lists, array, hash problems etc. are all standard in interviewing and are still used, even at Google, at least 2 years ago, when I last interviewed there.

This works though as Google's, and the industry in general has a policy of rejecting candidates, rather than accepting them, because hiring is very risk-averse. Candidates switch jobs frequently at the beginning of their career and so there is a rotating pool of good candidates the companies can pick from.
Is it ironic that the status page requires DNS to access?
There’s a watchlist for that.
- App devs were not ready for GAE's model.
- Google was distracted by social & mobile, and is investing in YouTube as well.
- Google apparently was not convinced that Cloud is the next big thing.
- Many other things ...

This is why company like IBM can live, because tech is only a part of a large number of factors to build a successful business.
Or just allow the free market and our courts to punish the offenders when they do bad things. If Google and Facebook violate privacy, sue them. If Mattel caused harm, sue them. Get the information out there that the service is bad or the toy is unsafe and they will either fix the behavior or go away.

Regulations may or may not be necessary for certain things, but to fold everything in the market under some kind of regulatory framework where you need to go to government to get approval and navigate a burdensome bureacratic process basically just ensures that you will harm innovation, destroy small business, and protect legacy companies in the space.
This is still easy to get around.

1) Give a person a gift card to purchase product

2) They purchase product and review (following this procedure)

3) Pay them

4) Repeat
I have bad news for you then, because every military in the world uses plenty of resources developed in the private sector and academia.
Confirmed from Argentina.

From Cloudflare Status: "Resolver Timeouts" https://www.cloudflarestatus.com/incidents/2mz3wly2g7dy
How do you deal with collusion rings?
Looks like this would almost cover half the increase in income taxes by moving from WA to VT.
I imagine that's what you would get with a competitive marketing team, where everyone would handle one or more of those relationships.
Loved in the Silicon Valley pilot when Gavin Belson sneers at Richard's app because it's for consumers not enterprise.

I think it's willful disdain for corporate culture, the last vestige of anti "selling out".
Watch How a Utility Company Is Transforming into a Data Company
I like this idea, but how to you suggest dealing with fake peers reviewing the fake reviews?
>or they charge a king’s ransom to see the work on their walls, like the Louvre (seventeen euros)

Partially true, European visitors under 25 years get free access.

As a not-so-rich-student this is what made me visit the Louvre. I'm not an arts student and didn't really know what to expect from an art museum, so this is what made me visit the Louvre on a recent layover. If I had to pay, I probably wouldn't have visited it, as I expected to not get the money worth in the 2-3 hours I had. I'm guessing others feel this way as well.

$25 seems like a good filter for very interested visitors though.
"you're basically promising the censorship resistant future" where did telegram say anything remotely like that? They did an ICO for a utility coin. They have been honest about being centralized. Correct me if I'm wrong, but it seems like you're putting words in their mouth and accusing them of theft for not meeting your fabricated expectations.
There are certainly some mitigating controls that make this a better story than what Windows implemented.

The malicious actor may have indirect access, or access via a web service that might give them limited ability to call a command or file. So in those cases, this framework can potentially make the complexity level of a vulnerability lower and the overall risk higher.

For now, I just limit binfmt and debugfs mounts so that regular users (especially service accounts) can't even access them. I think this only partially reduces the risk, since systemd acts as a proxy to binfmt. SELinux also reduce some risks, but so many people disable it that I can't factor that in.

/etc/fstab:

binfmt	/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc	binfmt_misc	defaults,rw,noatime,mode=00500 0 0

nodev	/sys/kernel/debug	debugfs defaults,noatime,mode=00500 0 0

There is probably a better way to disable this behavior, but I am working around many new features of systemd that are blurring the line between desktops and servers. The above also fixed several race conditions in systemd on hyper-v VM's that are considered low priority bugs.
Look at the effect nuclear weapons had on the world. There have been half a dozen near misses in total annihilation. The Russians got the technology almost immediately after it was created. We have lived in fear ever since. Rogue states, fear of nuclear terrorists.
Now imagine the smart and capable people on the Manhattan project didn't push, didn't apply their brilliance. Simply said "the amount of uranium necessary to create a chain reaction is on the order of several tons, it is therefore not a viable weapon" and went on to work on more worthwhile creations.
I argue the world would be a better place. Sure, maybe someone else would do it, but that person would be smart too and susceptible to the same sound argument. I'll say it again. We all have an ethical obligation not to build terrible weapons.
Just a little bit longer... ;)
> And also it's still wrong to make it easier, cheaper or faster to kill people.

I don't see how that follows. In fact, I think it's flat out wrong. The military is absolutely, unequivocally essential. You're effectively arguing that we should have stopped weapons development after we realized rocks smash in skulls, but then we would have been conquered by whomever invented knives, arrows, muskets, and so on. Military power is an arms race, and it will never stop advancing, nor should it. Weapons development leads to development of countermeasures. Not pursuing weapons development means you're at the mercy of whomever is less scrupulous than you.
Swing states.
Or just do what the original copyright law did -- you get 14 years with a renewal option for 14 more years. That's it.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_copyright_law_of_th...
I think with both DDR3 and DDR4, the number of bits in the row address depends on the DRAM density.
> Realistically speaking there are only two players in the market: Google and Apple, both of which will happily comply with governments and regulators since they have no business in allowing gray area businesses, and that's a good thing.

I don't really consider that a good thing. Having government controlled gatekeepers that take 20-30% off of every app with platform lock-in is not a great thing. We rail constantly about FBI/NSA enforced backdoors, especially people in Europe that are potentially having all their data harvested.
"It doesn't really measure what matters for job performance but tech pays well and so many people want to do it that you need barriers to entry. The real losers of the hiring process are the companies that waste lots of money on inefficient hiring practices."

The other losers are people who have skills and aptitude that is actually needed, but don't have the thing that interview measures. Yet other losers are people forced who have to work with those who ace interviews and get rewarded, but are not actually good in actual work.

The side note is not just that hiring don't really measure what matters for job performance. It is also that companies themselves don't really seriously care about it nor spend time thinking about it. That affects not just hiring, but also promotions and other rewards. Which in turn causes additional problems and unhealthy workplaces (excessive crunch being one of those, huge amount of socialization that is expected in some companies another, ridiculous technological decisions too and so on and so forth).
yeah, dope aesthetic. responsive too.
Seattle real-estate startup, aiming to make everyone a cash buyer, raises $17M
our books had one page of text, and one page of comments and notes, for every page. It was quite usable, and in paperback.
Do you need to pay Apple for a Developer ID in order to be able to do this?
I hope Uber is not the leader in driverless cars.

I believe accidents and fatalities per vehicle mile traveled are the most relevant statistics. If driverless cars can outperform humans on those metrics then they will be a great boon even if they roll over the odd cyclist or get in weird crashes.
The investment today is only $0.9 billion with a further $1.35 billion at an unknown time in the future. This makes a present valuation of only $4.5 billion. And GM must commit $1.1 billion now. So GM will have invested a total of $2.1 billion for a share of Cruise which is valued at 80% of $4.5 = $3.6 billion.
Uber is in talks to add Waymo's self-driving cars to its network, CEO says
This is presently an accusation by Telegram, nothing more. Sample of reasons why Apple may be doing whatever they are doing:

1) Telegram is prevalently used by Syrian fighters [1]. (Why they chose Telegram over Signal beats me.) As the Syrian conflict winds down, these fighters are returning home. That creates a security imperative for many governments, including in the EU.

2) Telegram recently ran an ICO that, at the very least, probably runs afoul of American securities law.

3) All of the reasons any app gets held up in review that are not "the Russian government pressured Apple."

TL; DR We have no evidence this is because of Russian meddling.

[1] https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/isis-telegram-app_us_59...
An 800 number is toll free, so you'd be paying for everyone calling you. Since you'd have a near zero chance of getting people to enter their CC# to bill them, the only way you'd make money is by selling the numbers that call you to telemarketers.

You could set up a 900 number, which would do what you wanted, but I doubt you'd get as many takers.
A version with English subtitles:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCqXBTBzilY&t=4157 (since 1:09:17)
What it entails depends on the product. FDA has 2 regulatory classes which require a premarket notification, class 2 and class 3. Class 2 submissions generally require you to comply with a set of software development standards governing testing and validation, requirements generation at multiple levels, interface design, risk management, traceability, design, and actual development. You are required to handle customer complaints, safety problems, and maintenance in specific ways. You are required to produce customer facing documentation in specific ways, have installation plans, etc. Finally, you need to register yearly with the FDA and have all sorts of training and infrastructure planning. Proof of all of this is to be constantly generated (think every test report) and it all gets put into a massive file for FDA review. There are also some writeups you need to do explaining why you are class 2 as opposed to class 3. This generally involves finding a class 2 piece of software which resembles yours and saying your software is basically doing the same thing. This is typically referred to as a 510(k) submission.

There is also a pathway you can apply for if there is no existing device with a class 2 designation which resembles yours, but you believe your device is still fairly low risk. That is called a de Novo submission.

A class 3 submission generally involves even stricter requirements for development plus a clinical trial to prove efficacy and safety. The most common one if these is called a PMA which stands for premarket approval.

Also, if you are FDA regulated you still have to comply with CMS regs. It is an extra layer of regulatory scrutiny.
CT is experiencing a similar flight of taxpayers (particularly milliennials). Companies that have been there for decades are leaving for other states. Hartford is on life support and verging on bankruptcy.

CT is not the place for starting a modern tech company.
> Percentages can be deceiving. 51% off what base? Was it 100 people in 1994 and now it is 151?

Maybe I'm just too close to the source (my father is an oncologist), but I thought it was well known that colon cancer is one of the most prevalent. It ranks 4th behind breast, lung, and prostate, of which only lung is deadlier. There are 140k cases per year and 50k deaths.

> we do know that "institutions" love to fear monger

I don't know what institutions you're referring to, but I don't think cancer needs any boost from fear mongering, it's already a serious-enough disease.
Hmm. My recollection was that the later Anti-Radiation Missile systems would do a form of target persistence to deal with "target radar switched off during flight" issues, but that wasn't a feature of the original models, such as the AGM-45 Shrike [0]. So with that, you might have a target in mind when you fired... But the target you hit would be the one that was radiating when the missile got close enough.

Automatic visual targeting is still something rather new, though.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-45_Shrike
The linked app is a Safari-only adblocker which doesn't cover apps, so I feel the title is pretty accurate. There have been full system ad-blocking solutions developed for iOS and apple refuses to host them, it's a statement of fact.

`a` is permitted for other apps; `b` is, as far as I know, not a criteria anything else gets judged on; and `c` is the point of having a curated store, because any app "may allow [...] abuse".
That's actually startling close to the GNU/FSF ethos. The whole Free Software movement is about being able to control the software that runs on your devices (and be able to fix/modify that software as well). The difference is that they don't seek to do it through legislation, but instead through advocacy.
Microsoft’s Windows shakeup continues internally – The Verge
What if the attack is in the form of a court order?
Students choose to never approach it again at good schools and bad. Should teachers that we don't think are good enough to teach Shakespeare teach Our Town instead?
GM Adds SoftBank as Ally in Self-Driving Race Against Google
It's also not uncommon for major arterials to have shoulders, which are equivalent in crossing distance and safety to a road lane.
> With skiing in the east an industry in rough shape since it doesn't snow anymore

I'm not sure where you are coming up with that. In fact many places in the NE have have multiple top 10 all time snowfalls in the last 10 years.

Climate change is expected to increase the precipitation in New England, particularly in the winter and the temperature increase can result in more snow due to the increased ability of the air to hold moisture. In general we'll probably have better skiing for the next few decades at which point snow _may_ start to be replaced with rain, depending on how high the temp goes where you happen to be.
Bank of England Says Getting Central Banks' Role in Crypto Right Is Keyd
Teleport 2.6 Released
What companies in San Francisco are still using Ruby on Rails?
No, you can do this with a free license as well. Impactor basically automates the tasks that Xcode's doing when it installs apps.