skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
If you get the iceburg as a root cause then you are really doing something wrong; in fact I would suggest the point of a 5-Whys would be to move people past thinking that the iceburg is the problem and get to the actual root cause :P.

Why is the ship sinking? Hit an Iceburg.
Why did we hit an iceburg? [Equipment or command failure]
What is wrong with [maintenance strategy/command structure] that allowed this mistake to slip through?
[technical details]

If you have a team of people and something goes wrong, it is overwhelmingly likely that a human could make a decision differently or do some task that is not being done that would mitigate the worst of the damage.

People absolutely are saved by the committee process, in the same way that items tend to roll downhill. Pretending that humans have perfect control over their environment and could have done something more has proven remarkably successful at getting results. It isn't very impressive, it feels very unreasonable, and it isn't going to work on its own, but it is a very useful tool to let people to stand up and ask "sure something is going on that is out of our control, so why aren't we ready for it? This happens sometimes and we need to be prepared".

Basically, if you just ask why 5 times without any sense of personal responsibility you'll get stupid results. True of any process. But if an uncontrollable event has impacted your endeavor, it is absolutely worth asking "why are we exposing ourselves to a risk we can't control? could we somehow have avoided this".
Sure, I don't concede the point.

But even if it were true, do you want to spend billions of years solving it that way?
Those individuals, and a few thousand more like them, _are_ the system problem.
Id.wikipedia.org
Thank you
What's the intended harm that restricting people from linking to uncontrolled 3rd party assets would prevent/mitigate?

Consider: You're CompanyX, and I'm DodgyFontHost.tld
My business model is exploiting and selling as much data as I can gather/mine from my traffic.

You embed (that is, reference/hotlink) some of my fonts on your pages.

If a user visits your page, and as a result makes a request to me for a font, I can log everything about that request, but I don't (afaik) have much/any additional knowledge that makes it particularly useful.

Assume there's no ?UTM=... tracking content in the url itself, you're just referencing a static font file.

I'm not sure offhand if browsers would be passing a referer header by default, or if that could somehow reliably identify the site I'm actually visiting. If so, that'd be one valuable fact.

I might be able to fingerprint the users browser from other headers or their OS from network-level quirks.

Anything else I'm missing?

I feel like 'IP $x made a request for $file' isn't the important thing to be looking at here, it's what I can learn from other things associated with the request that I can exploit.

But yes, if you had a reliable lookup from (ip,timestamp) to legal person, then it's absolutely Personally Identifiable.

Imagine if every browser set a valid, correct 'X-Requestors-Legal-Name: Bob Smith, Sometown, USA' header on every request. That's obviously identifiable. Adding a layer of indirection doesn't make it less so, although it does maybe place it on a continuum of 'cost/effort to identify based on this info'.

It ranges from 'trivial, because it's right there in the content you're sending', through 'not directly, but easily enough via subscriptions to one or more commercial data providers' to 'if someone steals our data and combines it with stolen data from several other sources, they have a non-zero chance of guessing your identity correctly'.
This is pretty much the same heuristic I use. I use Wikipedia a lot for obscure medievalist history topics, and those articles are usually very high-quality. But if you wander into a modern-day controversial topic, like "Palestine", it's going to be quite messy. You can even smell from the way an article is written that there's some trouble brewing in the Talk page.
Still doesn't work. Suppose I flip a coin and write the result in two places. I write it on sheet y then sheet x. We have that X == Y, so p(x|y) = 1, p(x|!y) = 0, and time(y) < time(x), but neither causes the other. I can write more later if you have interest, but I gotta run.
Does this apply to iPhones? So someone could put this outside my house and listen to all my iPhone calls?
> it took 4 billion years to achieve human level intelligence

Using random mutations over the space of DNA, happening at random intervals.
So I suppose the "anyone can edit" tagline is a crock of shit?

If an organization is publishing some info about me, it sounds like a giant pain in the butt if I have to learn their bureaucracy to get e.g. false information changed. At least have an ombudsman who could represent my grievances, if you built such a site. But nooooo, it seems because anyone can join and be involved in the mud-wrestle, that's what they have to do to be heard!

I wonder if politicians/celebrity can GDPR (to use that term as a verb) Wikipedia to delete all info the site has about them. After learning about this 5 minutes ago, I'm outraged! (Do note, this sentence is tongue-in-cheek!)
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I don't mean to sound like an insufferable hipster, but '2001' was not supposed to be drenched in shades of orange and blue like half the movies made these days. From the screenshots I've seen, Nolan's team appears to have seriously screwed the pooch on the color timing, in an effort to force a trendy look on a timeless movie.

E.g., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oR_e9y-bka0
OpenGL always lagged behind proprietary 3D APIs.

Microsoft is not alone, people keep forgetting OpenGL never mattered on game consoles.

Even Vulkan is supported on the Swift, the main 3D API is NVN.

Some of the benefits of DirectX, proper 3D API, with a toolkit that supports math, fonts, textures, sprites instead of playing "go fish" libraries, OOP API, OOP shading language, nice debugging integrated into visual studio.

Same applies to the other 3D APIs.

Game developers care about their IP, how it gets into each platform is secondary to that.
In my local college town, there was a trendy cafe/restaurant in the middle of the newest, hottest apartment complex. They were so desperate for customers, it was almost palpable. They would badger you about their latest deals if you sat in there. There was tons of space for hanging out, but it was always vacant.

Fast forward to after a new business moved in (a trendy soda shop). They encouraged people to hang out there with game nights, open mic, etc. Suddenly the same location with the same design was the coolest place in town and always packed with paying customers.

I'm not sure why everyone wouldn't think this is the best route, especially at an eatery.
The NetzDG (which the article is about) exhaustively lists applicable statutes. Among them is Volksverhetzung, which is what is referred to here as hate speech, which is wildly inaccurate.

Algolia says: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13039422#13043027

Here is the full text of the law in question: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/netzdg/BJNR335210017.html (and here is a legally non-binding English translation: https://www.bmjv.de/SharedDocs/Gesetzgebungsverfahren/Dokume... )

§ 1(3) contains the exhaustive list of crimes I mentioned above.
window.performance.navigation.type = 1 is a reload, = 0 is a navigate. It is checking if the page loaded via clicking a link or otherwise, at least.
Fuchsia code of conduct
Depending on the type of hate speech in Germany, you can get thrown in prison for up to 5 years.
Or what you call "market-efficient solution" or "effective altruism" hurts the greater good.
>What color is a tennis ball? Her subsequent investigation revealed yet another nexus of fierce division over what our senses tell us about the world we live in. Some said green; Roger Federer said yellow, and Marina concluded: “The color of a tennis ball is, and would remain, in the eye of the beholder.”

This isn't remotely comparable to the rest of the illusions, because it's not an illusion. People were asked to choose between yellow and green to describe something that is, spectrally, about halfway between the two words. Everyone is seeing the same color (unlike the dress), but they're choosing different words to describe it.
You obviously can edit. And it's especially easy if you're the subject of an article to correct false information about yourself; see WP:BLP.

What you're not promised is the ability to win any given debate between yourself and other editors. What would you expect? How could the project possibly work otherwise?
Programmatic advertising spending takes a hit due to GDPR
Wikipedia does tend to protect long time contributors and not have to outside sources that do not like an article. There is a meta game in Wikipedia that if you do small changes and write justifications in wikilawyer speak and you discredit your opponents in the right fashion you can win even if you are technically wrong. It is a beuruaucracy and some can play the game well.
1800 edits on a single page in only a few years is essentially a sickness. I'm not a doctor, but that should be classified as obsession.
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Xi-Editor – Modern editor with Rust back end
I think you'll find "an hero" means something different entirely from "a hero"
The point was that, sometimes, the best thing is not to worry about finding the root cause -- not now anyways -- but, instead, to "treat the symptom".

That is, when your boat is sinking, immediately focusing on fixing the root cause (the crack in the hull) is not necessarily the best course of action. Instead, treat the obvious symptoms that you can to "stop the bleeding" (plug the hole, pump the water out) and you can deal with the root cause when you're in a better position to do so (back in port, not miles out to sea).

See also: metaphor.
How do you enforce that principle?
Actually Germany has a pretty clear definition and precedent of this and it is certainly nowhere near to being congruent with what Americans call hate speech. This likely makes the translation "hate speech" a factual error.
The problem usually is not finding and fixing the causes but that you could have spotted bugs earlier when the damage would have been smaller. People will always make mistakes, but catching as many as possible and as early as possible lessens the consequences
Thousands of samples and millions of dimensions still doesn’t strike me as an easy problem, but it makes sense to me that downstream molecular biology can verify putative associations.
Thank you for weighing in.
> My view is that the limitations are almost purely financial

Your view is wrong. Implementing highly optimized versions of different languages (which may from the layman's point of view look quite similar) is not completely comparable. Python is a much more dynamic language than javascript - huge amounts of the language are overridable object by object, even down to attribute access. Hell, even down to isinstance() behaviour. And these are all things that need e.g. deoptimization barriers added in the code fast path to check if xyz mechanism happens to have been overridden. Javascript doesn't even have operator overloading.

The PyPy team have put a lot of work into building a performant python implementation (there's your "fork" for you...) having to, from what I can tell, work through a lot of these issues with a good deal of ingenuity along the way.

Throwing money and/or "rockstar programmers" at projects isn't as wise as it always seems. Particularly when they don't seem to have significantly investigated the work of a team that's been working on the "fast python" problem for the last 15 years.
I bet that if you changed 1 word per day on a page, after 2 or 3 years, you've successfully modified the tone of an article that cannot be easily reverted.
PCI compliance is a lot more annoying than it appears at first.

A business that accepts credit cards can easily end up storing credit card numbers in places they do not intend to. That can happen even if they do all their intentional credit card handling through an outside service that their check out pages post to or AJAX to so in theory no credit card number ever even reaches the business' servers.

For example, customers will email you to tell them that the credit card they pay their subscription with is about to expire, and give their new credit card number and security code in the email (and for good measure often give the old credit card number and security code).

Same for your help desk system, regardless of whether it is based on email or web forms. Customers are going to stick credit card numbers in tickets.

I don't think I've personally seen a customer stick a credit card number in a forum post or in a blog comment, but I wouldn't it past them.

Basically, if customers can put text in it [1], you really have to assume some customer is going to put a credit card into it. I'm not kidding. I've seen credit card numbers show up in name and address fields.

Oh, and when they stick unrequested credit card numbers in emails, support chats, etc., they will often format them in weird ways. If you want to find these you have to make your scripts that search for them quiet lenient in what they accept, but then you get a lot of false positives.

[1] ...or speak into it.
well you have the advantage of being on the right side of history on this one
When the Google defenders brought up Apple's original iPhone demo that only worked if you followed the happy path and compared it to this staged demo, I found the comparison wanting.

The iPhone crashing when you did X was a simple debugging exercise. Making a chatbot that can understand the variety of human speech, translate it to text, understand it and respond intelligently is a much harder problem.
https://gdpr-info.eu/recitals/no-18/

> This Regulation does not apply to the processing of personal data by a natural person in the course of a purely personal or household activity and thus with no connection to a professional or commercial activity. 2Personal or household activities could include correspondence and the holding of addresses, or social networking and online activity undertaken within the context of such activities. 3However, this Regulation applies to controllers or processors which provide the means for processing personal data for such personal or household activities.
You can also roll your own expression language using operator overloading and then plug that into the DLR or HSL, or whatever as needed (I did this in https://archive.codeplex.com/?p=bling). It doesn’t allow for statements, however, which introspection gives you.

It is much harder in the new UWP, however, where dynamic features (reflection, introspection, native JIT via the DLR) are no longer guaranteed to be present.
What is a National Security Letter?
Though the exact same reasoning applies.
Thank you for this. For me, one of the best things about HN are the book and movie recommendations that occasionally appear in Comments. The likelihood I'll enjoy said titles is higher than that of recommendations from any other source, online or in print.
"eluded" (escaped/avoided) -> "alluded [to]" (referenced)
Pearl's words from the Introduction of "BAYESIANISM AND CAUSALITY, OR, WHY I AM ONLY A HALF-BAYESIAN":

"I turned Bayesian in 1971, as soon as I began reading Savage’s monograph The Foundations of Statistical Inference [Savage, 1962]. The arguments were unassailable: (i) It is plain silly to ignore what we know, (ii) It is natural and useful to cast what we know in the language of probabilities, and (iii) If our subjective probabilities are erroneous, their impact will get washed out in due time, as the number of observations increases.

Thirty years later, I am still a devout Bayesian in the sense of (i), but I now doubt the wisdom of (ii) and I know that, in general, (iii) is false."
The OSHA standards are a good starting point. Factory workers aren't even required to wear ear protection if the average noise over their 8 hour shift is under 85 dB. For 95 dB it's something like 15 minutes. From what I understand (and from what I've experienced), the every day repetition isn't the issue, it's the sustained noise for long periods of time. 2 little noisy bursts a day that are hours apart just aren't going to affect anything.
Any kind of phone.
It doesn't even mention the actual name of the law.
>And being attacked by RT and George Galloway is a reasonably reliable indicator that you are doing something right

That is an absolutely astonishing statement and IMO something you should immediately lose admin privileges for making. I have no love for RT or for Syria sympathizers, but to defend someone's edits on the mere basis that they are opposed by those groups is completely unacceptable.
As someone who's regularly donated to Wikipedia every year, this is concerting.

I can't trust Wikipedia. I'm shocked actually.
> Do a Google search for my IP address and you'll have my name.

How does that happen exactly ?
It may not be transparent to the consumers. But, these algorithms are designed by actuaries and everyone in the company understands how it works. You need to have an audit trail of how the premium is calculated.

But in deep learning algorithms, features and co-efficients are not determined by humans. In most cases, it cant even be understood by humans. Without this understanding, I highly doubt if they will be accepted in regulatory industries.
> On the other hand, as parent noticed, hashing IPs is not effective as it's possible to reverse it (the IP space is small).

What if you are using IPv6?
AFAICT the new law largely doesn't effect individuals, but you're right the existing laws do criminalise hate speech, with prosecutions up over a few years ago: https://www.eurozine.com/no-freedom-to-hate-germanys-new-law...

Still, the scale of the two issues - prosecutions vs platform censorship basically implies that most of the things being censored do not rise to that level of illegality.
I don't know what else to call it, really. In Dutch it's called "beroepsonderwijs". Beroep = profession. In my opinion, you're a professional if you get paid to do something. And hopefully many graduates of VMBO, MBO and HBO are competent at what they do.

The Dutch system also makes clear that it's a scale. HBO graduates are definitely professionals. They include engineers, nurses, managers, teachers, therapists, architects, etc. MBO graduates can become anything from mechanic to lab worker, computer programmer, various construction jobs, and tons of other things.

VMBO is really for lower level jobs. It's not recommended that you stop after VMBO, but it's possible. But many students continue to MBO, and some move on to HBO after that. A cousin of mine took that route, as did my wife. She started with MAVO, which is now the highest track if VMBO, then she did MBO, and HBO, and now she's better paid than I am while working on her MBA.
You know, it's kind of funny. We have no idea if the current path is trending toward a local optima, or if we're heading toward a global optima.

We are completely aware of the issues of finding a local optima in our AI (especially ML) algorithms, but little thought has been given if our AI evolution has been trending toward one or not. We're pouring vast research reserves along a few pathways, and hoping that our hill climbing leads to a global maxima (or at least a local one sufficiently high as to be 'human level intelligence')
It's got very little to due with length of contribution it's pure inner circle behavior.
Most likely this has been done but the people who did it aren’t posting here.
Yes, root cause analysis and corrective action should only to be done with Cook's insights in mind.

"Post-accident attribution to a ‘root cause’ is nearly always wrong."
"Post-accident remedies usually increase the coupling and complexity of the system. This increases the potential number of latent failures and also makes the detection and blocking of accident trajectories more difficult."

How Complex Systems Fail is short but loaded with value; if you haven't read it, go do so now!
>But i can play your game too. Look :

Why don't you try taking my comment in the context of the entire thread and practicing a little critical thinking? You are not playing my game and your comment is a rehash of the parent post. Congrats. Also great job capitalizing "IN" to emphasize it.
> Can we interpret have as can obtain?

From my reading, you can interpret it that way if "the website operator has a 'legal means' of obtaining access to the information".

Refer to the "What makes a dynamic IP address personal data?" section of TFA.

(N.B.: I am not a lawyer. Ask your doctor if taking legal advice from strangers on the Internet is right for you.)
Similarly, if you ever get immersed into a language that you only know a little of, you soon realize your brain is way too good* at filling what it mis-hears or doesn't understand.

* And the real lesson is that it's good at feeling like it's understanding, even if it's understanding very little.
At risk of being downvoted, myself, as this is off-topic, but since there is no 'meta' and you're clearly looking to understand what happened, I suspect the issue originates in the first statement made from the original comment, which was posed in the form of a question:

Didn't you read the rest of the article?

My rule of thumb is that if a question can have ", moron?"[0] appended to it and both the meaning and tone remain unchanged, then it's going to be taken as condescending. You'll probably find that people who are particularly sensitive to keeping Hacker News a "civil place" (among which I count myself) will read that sentence and skip the rest of the comment before hitting the downvote button. Had it been left off, the rest of your comment offered clarity to anyone who simply skimmed the article or otherwise wasn't understanding what was being presented and might have missed that point. Removing the sentence also doesn't affect the information being conveyed[1].

While I'll take you at your word that it wasn't meant as condescending, a variant of Hanlon's Razor[2] applies which I had shared with me as "Where there are gaps of understanding, people tend to jump to the worst possible conclusion." and this serves as a pretty good example. You assumed the reader didn't bother to read the article, when it was equally likely that they simply didn't understand what was being presented -- a fair estimate since this is C++ templates, which is not something everyone encounters in their day-to-day. And folks who are able to downvote likely did so because they assumed you were being condescending, when it's equally likely that you may have simply written the comment hastily or meant the question in a less-sarcastically sounding manner -- a fair estimate since verbal queues are missing from written text and most of us type near the speed that we think.

[0] Or "dumba$$" or "?, God!" (followed by a gesture of hands being thrown down in disgust)

[1] I once had a great manager who, at a yearly feedback session, told me rather bluntly that I am too verbose and worked with me on how to convey a message by learning what is unnecessary for conveying it. As you can tell if you glance through my comment history, the lesson was entirely lost on me. While I'm much better at eliminating things that add negativity to my intent (often by adding more to my statements), I'm pretty terrible at identifying when brevity has higher value than precision and completeness. Though, when it really matters, I can pull it together if I take enough time... and on and on and on.

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlon%27s_razor
Then it's a pretty big "inner circle".