skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Here is a nice summary:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EyaTqezSzs

Key highlights:

* Mega expedition with 50 boats

* Aerial survey

* Hand counted 1.2m samples under a microscope

* 92% of mass is floating on the surface

Based on old evidence the project was clearly a waste of resources but of course the irony is that the lack of resources spent on researching the garbage patch lead to insufficient information about how feasable the project is in reality.
Partly agree. It is fine when it puts low demands on you. It is much harder to get people to do the right thing when it is a significant burden.

It is also a question of habit and social norms. A lot of what we claim is internal moral values, is really just social conformism. We don't throw garbage around and shop lift in large part because we don't want to be worse people than everybody else we know.

We see this in countries with a lot of cheating on taxes. It is hard to break out of, because nobody wants to pay taxes while knowing that none of their friends pay. Nobody wants to be the lone sucker doing the good deed. On the flip side you don't want to cheat on taxes if you know everybody else is really particular about paying it.

So I think the establishment of social norms is very important. And to do that one might need to create incentives and rules to kickstart people. As the norms develop you could cut back on the incentives and rules.

I've seen this in my native Norway. Fathers and mothers could split the maternity leave. Although almost no father took advantage of this. It simply wasn't an established social pattern. Your boss would look funny at you if you did it. Then the government mandated that some weeks should be taken by the father otherwise those weeks were lost and could not be used by the mother.

Within few years the social norms around father staying home looking after kids, changed radically in Norway. Hence government policies DO matter for how personal values and behavior develops.
Ask HN: Best way to document a new language's grammar?
Hey,

I'm in the process of writing the documentation for customer facing grammar (built using nearly.js) to allow for 'easy' querying of an API by the average Joe.

I was thinking of actually writing a GraphQL schema for the language's grammar and 'flattening' it out into a static page. Added plus is the schema can be used for autocomplete like behavior in a moded Graphiql IDE.

What documentation tools have you used in the past to document a language's grammar ?
Would love your thoughts and feedback on how bad this idea is. Thanks !
I do this. I lose so much money.
The Real World Is Not Real: Manipulation of Data and People in the Future
Had this in a tab already, closed it to open your link. :|
Airline upgrades lead to a purloined pillow problem
The HN title is wrong. This was not taken "on the surface", but from a 13-14 km orbit, according to source ESA data (click on a picture to see its data): https://imagearchives.esac.esa.int/index.php?/category/410/s...

Each picture is a 12.5-second exposure. Therefore this 25 fps video is sped up 312.5×
No, but look at the map on the Wikipedia page I linked. There would have been tons of islands between Sundaland and an expanded Australia.
Whatsapp came out in 2009. Encryption was added 7 years later in 2016.

Why would anyone who cares about encryption have been using it for the almost decade up till now?
If there were a third OS, how would you get away from the company that made it?
Soo... a Merkle tree?
> This might actually be a good use case for a blockchain.

Or they could just implement trusted timestamping (RFC 3161). Using a blockchain is a heavy-weight solution and is rarely the right one.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_timestamping#Trusted_(...
Bitcoin crash resumes…new lows coming
Perhaps it is time to regulate Big Tech
AxLang Case Study: A Formally Verifiable Derivatives Contract Library (VIDEO)
How would one determine what such an obligation is any more than one would determine a religious obligation to do the right thing? As much as we wish there was, and as much as we think society would be better if there was, I don't think they exist and the closest thing to them we can emulate, that of a social obligation, has a number of flaws (since social obligations are enforced by social backlash and advertising strongly influences social backlash, and social backlash can often be counter productive).
Thanks!

Right now only the GRiSP board is officially supported, although the project is made in such a way that new platforms should be easy to add.

We're deliberately focusing on smaller platforms than the ones you mentioned. If a small Linux kernel can fit together with Erlang, you don't really need the RTEMS combo as much. That being said, we're happy to receive any contributions for other platforms, even larger ones!
> Needless to say none of what I’m saying goes over well with people who don’t have a strong background in biology. The idea that the life of the mother might matter more than the life of another potential person doesn’t sit well with some people. The idea that even newborns are less “people” and and more “grub-stage people” tends to be downright offensive to many.

It doesn't go over well for many people with a strong background in biology either, to be fair.

This particular argument tries to skirt the issue by attempting to deny the existence of humanity and, less directly, "real" life by essentially stating that vulnerability removes your right to humanity. If you follow through the principle of the argument this is undeniably its core. For an overwhelming number of obvious reasons, this doesn't stack up either.
E-waste recycler loses appeal on computer restore disks, must serve prison term
Solar rooftops on cars don't provide enough juice for it to amount to much. Let's say for the sake of argument you could fit a square meter of a car's roof as a 20% efficient solar panel (a ludicrously high efficiency). Solar irradience is roughly 1 kW per square meter giving you roughly 200W. That will provide roughly 1.6 kWhr of energy. This is enough to drive roughly 8 miles on an average EV (20 kWhr/100 miles). That's about half the average commute one-way. Not nothing, but still invokes the question if it's worth the effort.
Hahaha you said "strategy". As far as I can tell Google is one big hackathon.

Okay, not really. But if I had to choose a culture (since we're on the subject of false dichotomies), between a cutthroat stack-ranked empire and an idealistic hacker republic ...
Bank Gothic! I remember using that font so much in the 90s when I was a kid trying to make super futuristic digital art. Then I joined a company that used Eurostile for everything, left there and swore to never use it again, and forgot Bank Gothic ever existed.
Half if not all of HE business model is to sell dirt cheap flat rate IPv4 with BGP to other companies in major carrier facilities. I find it extremely hard to believe that not filtered access to HE.NET is possible.
Fedora is upstream for RHEL. So to have a new RHEL release, they need a Fedora server release.
... do you think bezos is in the majority or this person (i.e. would society be "going out of its way" for him if it prevents someone like Bezos from being able to do what's described)
I never used facebook, and I'm 80% of my way to being off google - I'm not worried.
Where "contacts" that are truly interested in this "basic feature" consist of Google, Verizon and 3 letter agencies. Sign me out, thank you very much.
I used one of these for six months and it was definitely enlightening. Maybe there are firmware updates that make it less crashy now?
USCIS chief signals end of H4 work permits; tighter rules on H1B payscales
It seems like most of these new features are Inbox, so I won't be surprised if we see it discontinued.
As a contrary opinion, I find Redux simplifies my react projects by virtue of having a standardized set of practices for handling state. The flux pattern in general is amazing, and I always wrote spaghetti, passing props everywhere, prior to discovering it.
Based on a definition of bigotry made in these comments: "stubborn and complete intolerance of any creed, belief, or opinion that differs from one's own"

I don't think they are confusing racism with bigotry. Maybe (unhelpful) stereotypes based on race, or a racialised view of society.
That's really fun! Back in another lifetime (2006) I co-founded a kiosk company. I wrote a platform with a C core and Lua on top and used it to manage some pretty big kiosk networks, as well as handle all of the "server side" logic of our apps: pathfinding, hardware integration/card readers, printing, etc. . . I definitely miss working with Lua and C. We used Flash for the UI on most of those machines and our shit looked _sooo_ much better than anything else on the market at the time. Funny enough I used the bindings for SVN to programmatically handle pushing out updates, I imagine git would have been much more pleasant.

Anyway, thanks for the trip down memory lane.
The part about normalized data being (re)transformed across the stack is so true. I don't know what the answer is but it's really funny how we are doing that. GraphQL does seem to help but I don't think it's a silver bullet
I agree with this sentiment, with some caveats.

I think Americans are totally done with identity politics based on race, gender, religion, sexuality, etc. We’ve had those arguments and the battle lines were drawn, but at the end of the day we all just live our lives. There seems to have developed somewhat of a “gentleman’s agreement” in most public spaces (explicitly political forums like protests notwithstanding) along be lines of “don’t provoke me for my religious beliefs and I won’t provoke you for your homosexuality”.

I do still think we have a long way towards navigating those differences as they play out on an interpersonal level. A classic example is sexual harassment in the workplace: women are justifiably upset by it, but men are also upset at the blowback. Fact is, it’s pretty easy for a man to be threatening to a woman without realizing he is — most men don’t understand how much the sheer size/strength difference intimidates most women when emotions get heated. Navigating this environment takes empathy from both sides and is something that has to be established on a person-to-person basis.

IMO this is just the new normal. There was a time when people could hide their differences, but with social media and such I’m not sure that’s reasonable. So we actually have to learn to navigate the differences rather than pretending they don’t exist.

That, in my mind, is progress.
JavaScript Pattern Matching Proposal
Ask HN: Any interest in forming a podcast?
I'm forming an upbeat humorous tech podcast with some friends, and am looking for a fourth. I encounter a lot of articulate, informed, and opinionated people here on HN for additional members.

Anybody else looking to form/join a podcast is welcome to network in the comments.
One thing I wish the article would have mentioned was use cases where Redux really stands out.

Like let's say you decided to use GraphQL and Context API you would still need Redux in these cases?
I agree with the overall premise, that it will be truly overwhelming for future historians to sift through the terabytes of historical information we are now accumulating. Even the US President's current output on Twitter and in speeches, debates, interviews - it's a massive corpus of information that the average human is hopeless to wrap their memory around. Furthermore, there is also the issue of whether or not data is locked up in servers, like Gmail, whereas previously letters or diaries would be open to family/biographers after the fact.

"It could be that future researchers will be required to form hypotheses first, which they then must test for explanatory power against the “historical record” that only AIs can actually query in its entirety. This would be a remarkable flip of the traditional model of historical inquiry, in which researchers use primary sources to then form explanatory theses."

This is great in theory, but I think this is an optimistic view of how history is done. Humans are inherently biased, and historians very often fall into ideological camps and approach questions with preconceived notions about what the answers might be. Why should historians be immune to these effects, when we know from sociological/psychological research into the scientific method that researchers do indeed have their interpretations colored by their a priori beliefs.
Most people commenting on these China posts have a superficial, at best, understanding of China.
The nuclear is much worse than coal. The public perception is different, but a few dozen big catastrophes in the coming few generations as the old reactors are pushed for too long will change all that. The thing about nuclear is that its a problem for hundreds if not thousands of years. Coal is green in comparison, when looking at the entire lifetime of repercussions.
I can't wait for the next crazy tax dodge scheme name.
>Fighting a bunch of court cases to keep perfect purity in their principles would cost too much, when the number of these exclusions is quite small. Better to provide an easy out to a few whiny people like this author, than to spend all their money fighting every edge case on principle and in so doing bail on the entire mission of the organization.

She's a prominent left-wing television personality. Would you be so accommodating if it were, say, Tucker Carlson trying to scrub embarrassing information about himself from the wayback machine?
Ask HN: How much would you pay per month to ask an expert “stupid” questions?
Bitcoin is the greatest scam in history – Recode
How about Australia and Tasmania? The indigenous languages on each side of the Bass Strait have at least one feature in common (initial Cr- clusters) that's rare elsewhere in Australia. (There might be more, but information is pretty hard to come by, and the Tasmanian languages are sparsely attested.) That may or may not be indicative of continued contact; it might even be a coincidence, but if it's not, I wouldn't expect the shared feature to stick around for thousands of years.

(If Wikipedia is right about the time of Tasmania's separation from the Australian mainland and Tasmania was already populated at the time, the feature would've had to have been preserved on both sides of the Bass Strait for about twice the time between modern English and Proto-Indo-European.)
Damn spellcheck reverting to "English (US)".
I think this works well for Angular, because it's based on observables. Rendering is just a function from state->ui. If they build their state-container on observables too, the re-render will follow implicitly by subscribing to it.
I dream of a service which I can use to send a message to a contact. It knows if that contact is on WhatsApp, Telegram etc. (or plain old SMS) and chooses the best option for that contact automatically. It merges the inbound messages from any of those apps I have so they're all in one place.

I no longer have to use all [n] chat apps installed on my phone just because for each of them, there are a few people only contactable via that particular app.
I won't rip you for being honest, and I suspect there are a ton of people out there that behave either consciously or unconsciously like this. It's not sustainable, so society will either have to tax these behaviors at the consumer or ban them at the producer side, or some combination of both.

But I do hope that consumers start to choose better habits, because if we don't, we're going to hit a wall sooner or later.
NaN not being equal to itself is true in all languages with IEEE compliance: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaN
The value he is trying to provide is also showing people by example how to write readable, idiomatic, functional Python code.

From that perspective, I agree the tightly coupled unit tests are a bit grating. Though they would not look out of place as doctests.
So I just signed up, and I see that this is implemented as a track, meaning there are several edX courses required to complete it. Among those are Python for Data Science, Math for Artificial Intelligence, legal stuff, NLP etc.

I like how comprehensive this is. The problem (as I've stated before) with Ng's course is he hand waves a lot of the required math away which concerns me. Specifically vectorization I remember constantly being surprised what was possible mathematically instead of 'getting it'.

That said, is there an AWS version of this track? Maybe Math/Spark/Scala/ML oriented?

I do like that it seems comprehensive, so I think I'll invest time into doing it.
I was in the market for a car last year - nearly leased rather than buying - and nearly went with Ling. Here's why

1. I'd heard of them - marginally important, they had received coverage because of the design.

2. While the graphical design may make your eyes bleed, the site is supremely good at making the business of leasing a car simple. There are nice bits of text, written in colloquial breezy English, that explain exactly how leasing works and what the pros and cons are of different kinds of deals

3. It's wonderfully easy to compare the different cars and deals on the site and get an idea of the total cost of leasing.

4. The whole vibe of the site gives you the feeling that the conpany is quirky, human, but very straightforward and honest - not something you necessarily associate with leasing a car.
This is very cool, thanks will sign up!
I wrote a cli application for this purpose.
https://github.com/marvelm/erised
Millions? Literally almost every user of WhatsApp. Those who care about encryption are a miniscule minority.
I recommend Youtube, look for AvE and GreatScott
but how would that apply to their explicit example of a Java SE 8 computer game ? and the next paragraph is a thinly veiled threat to developers of such a hypothetical game: developers, pay us or we will direct your players' complaints to you (or have fun explaining to all your players on different platforms to either install openjdk or fully remove and reinstall some old copy of Java 8 SE from some mirror somewhere, and explaining them they must from now on ignore the update notifications).

I imagine the Oracle JRE will show an error message dialog to the player, containing a URL to this or similar page.
Marvels of Injection Molding [video]
Non-mobile link:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol
I recommend Youtube, look up AvE and GreatScott
Show HN: Online business cards instead of a website
This is not about enterprise support. It's about security fixes and bugfixes. If you're a business, you will have to pay for these fixes or roll with their 6-months release cycle. Selling security fixes is quite unprecedented for a project of this scale. Furthermore, it emphasizes Oracle's power over its users, and let's not forget that these users are sometimes as big or bigger as Oracle itself (IBM and Google to name a couple). So they could potentially organize and take over stewardship of the project to ensure that no drastic changes of this sort will ever happen again. I don't see any reason not to. As far as I can tell, the reason Oracle is the sole maintainer of Java is mainly historical (Sun legacy) and because no one felt an urge to do anything about it before. I'm sure it's going to change now.
You seem to be making two contrary points: that midwives are trained and skilled, and that they're primitive and unprofessional like mud huts. This is consistent with, for example, someone's pretending to respect their sister's line of work because they're family. Pretty sure you're also afoul of the site guidelines by openly name-calling.
We wrote in more detail about BGP in the past here: https://blog.cloudflare.com/why-google-went-offline-today-an...
Cilium-Rethinking Networking and Security for the Age of Microservices
If no one wants to buy your house at the current value then it is by definition not undervalued. To your second point, speculators can put in any offer they want, it doesn't have to be at or right above your current valuation. If you claim your house is only worth 200k and they offer 500k, suddenly you have a tough choice, either sell, or pay a large tax bill.
> I could even have the script in Dropbox and have it run periodically in the background using a launchd service to keep everything in sync.

I recommend GitHub over DropBox for storing this script.
Agreed. I have used some of the Azure ML services a bit and its really easy to understand concepts and visualize models via a designer, like a workflow engine. Pretty neat. I havent used it for anything professional yet though.
Thanks. (I don't want to address the analogy you just made because this thread is already very political without expanding its breadth.)

I appreciate the response and opinion.
AS = Autonomous System (see Wikipedia). This is the corporation or entity to which an IP prefix (min /24) is registered, and which shows up in queries on sites like ipinfo.io.

BGP Path to Target IP prefix = ordered list of autonomous systems to reach target IP prefix

The point of BGP is to find the shortest AS path to an IP. Each AS has at least one router, and each router has at least one other AS peer. A router will forward the packet as far as it can given the peers it knows, until the AS list is length 0, at which point the controlling AS routes traffic to its destination.
I would recommend getting a pool of people to be available and bring ideas for episodes. After about 10 to 20 episodes the generation of topics can be a challenge and you get so used to the other members of a panel that if you're constantly having some change in the fourth spot you have a continual freshness to the project. Sure, some panel guests will bomb or contribute little but you'll also find some gems and re-scheduling them will be a treat for all involved. Also, life happens and being able to always have people to step in and fill spots is a Good Thing.
Rendering in React is based on state and props. If you want to trigger a render, you need to change one of these.

If you base it on some external entity, you need to trigger a render manually.

These state libraries usually let you wrap your component in another component, that passes the state down as props, so when the state changes, new props are passed down and your component automatically renders with the new state.
They didn't though. Williamson wasn't fired because the Atlantic readers hate white conservative opinion writers, he was fired because Atlantic readers aren't very interested in his particular views.
My definition of optimal includes a provision that most people are able to plan their meals at least a week in advance, and no one ever has uncertainty over the place and time where they can eat their next meal.

Like those candy bar ads imply, people tend to make poor decisions when they are hungry, but the results in the real world aren't always amusing, or solvable by a timely application of chocolate and nougat.

The total quantity of food-producing capital in the US is large enough that it boggles my mind that there could be anyone in the country that can't always afford to eat nutritious foods, but such people exist. And they make poor financial decisions, because they have to constantly live in the short run, and are never able to plan far enough ahead to buy their way out of poverty.

Optimal would be when everyone has the ability to carefully consider and negotiate every financial decision, without being forced to act contrary to their own long-term interests by some exigent circumstance or necessity. Oxygen and water are mostly sorted already, but food security and secure shelter are also required before people can start thinking past tomorrow, and considering "do nothing" as a viable alternative to a negotiated deal.