skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The article references "orphans" in blockchain, what becomes of those orphans? My understanding is that nodes compete to solve the hash - then the "winning" node has its transactions from the preceding 10 minutes added to the blockchain. What about all the other (thousands?) of nodes that didn't win - their transactions must not vanish into the ether, but what becomes of them? They must get added to the blockchain at some point otherwise something like bitcoin would collapse on itself, but i've never been able to wrap my head around how that happens.
I would put the information into practice - in your case, by attempting to build a compiler. The exercise makes the knowledge concrete. Think of it as setting yourself a test.
That is part of the reasoning behind changing the procedure. I think it mentions it in the article.
This is probably the nicest answer. With things like kubernetes, hardware is quite abstracted. If it makes sense to use your own hardware, your software should be good enough to effortlessly shift some load to your own hardware and back incase own hardware can't handle a spike. Hybrids are probably the future where you rent when it makes sense, and buy when it makes sense and move compute and storage by dragging a slider.
Because WebAssembly is extremely limited? Unless you need to ship on the web, using WebAssembly is almost certainly a bad decision as it makes highly compromising tradeoffs that you don't need.
I use Porkbun which has free privacy and the pricing is almost wholesale.
What if Amazon Web Services suddenly disappeared?
Mailtrain.org, self-hosted open-source newsletter app like Mailchimp
The Increasing Importance of Multifamily Construction and Housing Economics
Please don't post unsubstantive comments, especially on divisive topics.
Or the phones nobody in our gouvernement wants to use (slow, old tech, freezes alk the time).
I suggest trying to understand turbulence and what it is and how little harm it can cause the aircraft. (Look at wing bend test videos on how much the wing can flex before failure.) The best way out of anxiety is to convince your psyche that nothing wrong is possible.
From the provided link:

- graal has superior compiler technology based off of a research paper [1] that:

-- has superior ability to remove costly object allocations in many scenarios

-- has better inlining and more aggressive speculative optimizations

-- has smarter jit compilation

[1] http://www.ssw.uni-linz.ac.at/Research/Papers/Stadler14/Stad... (pdf)
Looks like this article describes a system that's very similar to http://solana.io
Why We Keep Playing the Lottery (2014)
The 4-color map theory is bunk. It is very easy to create an artificial map that would require more than 4 colors to color the map without any adjacent "countries" having the same color.

This is easier to draw than to explain, but I'll try. Imagine N-countries shaped generally as concentric rings. The outer-most ring, however, has an isthmus into the very center, forming both "ring" 0 and "ring" N with ring 0 being the center, and N being the outer most. Let's state this isthmus occurs at the bottom of the ring for convenience. Now, if ring 1 has a parallel isthmus that runs along the left of N's and parallel to that of of N's until it reaches N, and ring 2 has its own that runs in the same manner until it hits ring N-2, etc. Then, consider if on the right side, you do the opposite: N-1 extends until it hits ring 1, N-2 until it hits ring 2.

It's a rather easy formula to produce a "map" that requires N colors if no two colors are to touch.
It would be interesting to see how this mandate will work in the US with GDPR in Europe.
We are building a ledger based on Verifiable Delay Functions. It's like a high resolution decentralized clock.

https://github.com/solana-labs/solana
When everyone had landlines, I believe you could get an unlisted number for a fee. Very few did AFAIK.

There is no white pages for cellphones but I still get junk calls anyway.
No, it isn't related to the halting problem. Sigh.
> What kind of PEG are you talking about?

I’m talking about the Packrat algorithm which, as far as I know, is the only practically used PEG algorithm. The memory requirement comes from the fact that the algorithm handles partial match failures without having to recompute intermediate steps. By comparison, a bog-standard recursive descent parser without memoisation has exponential worst-case runtime [1].

[1] https://stackoverflow.com/a/16897246/1968
Good questions lawl. I'll try to address them in order:

1. "A blockchain, implemented using virtualchains [6], is used to bind digital property,
like domain names, to public keys. Blockstack’s blockchain solves the problem of bootstrapping trust in a decentralized way i.e., a new node on the network can independently verify all data bindings." [https://blockstack.org/whitepaper.pdf]

2. I believe collecting an email is required in case you need to recover your 12 word pass phrase.

3. The default storage that comes with a Blockstack account is a Microsoft Azure Blob. If you implement your own GAIA hub, you can circumvent that with a number of other options, but conventionally you would refer to the other options as 'centralized' too. Consider this though: "We decentralize data storage with relationship to trusted 3rd parties - remove control from app developers, cloud storage providers, etc and give it to users." [https://forum.blockstack.org/t/gaia-decentralisation/4275/2].

Anyway, each user's storage is used for the following things:
- contact lists
- conversations
- offline messaging
- initiating WebRTC connections

It is all encrypted client side.

4. We have two forms of discovering users.

The first is where the users coordinate outside of Stealthy to add eachother as contacts--at this point communication is established only between the two chat clients with no third party, consequently there is not traditional leakage that may occur in this mode.

The second (which can be disabled from options) uses a centralized DB and listeners to simply exchange the notion that someone wishes to talk to you. If that centralized DB were to be hacked, that request could theoretically be leaked. The invitation to talk only occurs initially when both parties are not within eachother's contact lists.

5. We do use WebRTC for P2P communication and it can be disabled from the options or during initial configuration. The STUN/TURN/ICE server could certainly acquire some of the information that you mention.

6. We agree with your notion of an architecture / protocol overview and are currently considering precisely how we will proceed with that. Earlier this month we spoke with a representative from the EFF and their advice was to publish a paper on the subject and then commence with formal review of our work, similar to Signal.

Hopefully this helps.
You Share Everything with Your Bestie. Even Brain Waves
Telegram's CEO Is Using Bitcoin to Bypass Russia's App Ban
We'll one reason would be that it looks like it actually works with a lot of languages right now. Do we have any idea when ruby will work in V8?

BTW. In my experience so far, when it comes to software - a bird in the hand is worth ten in the bush
All the nodes have all the transactions (roughly).
When you say the winning node puts "its" transactions in the block, that is really the transactions that it is currently aware of, and that fit in the block.
All the losing nodes have the same transactions as well.

When orphan blocks are identified and dropped, any unique transactions in those blocks are added to the pool of transactions that have the opportunity to be added to the next block
I'm leery of even audio recordings, but too much information and nuance can be contained in tone and phrasing that it is probably necessary. Also, it is significantly harder to manipulate audio records.
Air safety regulators have an enviable record of being focused on what went wrong, rather than who to blame. The industry has remarkable amount of psychological safety for people bringing up and talking about flight safety issues.
> Isn't this the very consequence of going async?

Like I mentioned, depends on the language features. If it has coroutines/green threads/continuations, you can use async without unwinding the entire stack. CL will probably always have this problem, unless the bigger implementations independently decide to implement the necessary building blocks (which they probably won't).

Try explaining that to me 5 years ago, though.
Graph Theory, unlike number theory, is a strangely shallow subject. By this I mean that a lot of the results don’t require a large number of previous results (there’s definitely some).

Compare this to number theory, where every interesting extant problem appears to require ten years study.

(I realise people may infer a value judgement from shallow/deep, but none is intended.)
But "what is happiness" and "what is the good life" are themselves philosophical questions.
Yeah, that's pretty similar to what I ended up doing - it comes pretty natural with recursive descent to just store enough of the parser state on relevant nodes that you can restart it at natural breaks.

For my application, I end up having to make expensive async queries about the expressions the user writes. In order to minimize server load/make things responsive/avoid invalidating perfectly good caches, this means that I have to know exactly what to keep and what to throw out with each edit, which means that I never want to replace any node in the AST with an identical one that was needlessly re-parsed if I can help it.

So my lexer does a lot of work trying not to throw out parts of lines that the user hasn't touched, and the parser can figure out what changes are relevant to invalidate my caches.

Oddly the restartable lexer has turned out to be the most frustrating part - selectively diffing parts of two doubly linked lists and snipping them together in the way I ended up having to is one of those things that isn't conceptually very difficult but has the potential for unusually subtle bugs.
Not this exact scenario, but I think almost everything has an element of this.

Maybe a less charged example: Every time I hear about a green investment fund I wonder what the incentive structure is. Clearly if it was 100% green 0% returns, the manager would just donate your money to charity, cash his bonus check, and buy a yacht. Really it needs to have imperceptibly lower returns than the non-green competition, because the customers will notice whole percentage points, and will look elsewhere.

Another: What's the incentive structure for everyone making decisions in how to dig a subway in NYC? Since they end up spending, I forget, say it's 4x as much as Paris, at least 75% of the spending seems to be decided by priorities other than actually having a train. But the voters are unable to stop this.

Which of these is closer to the school board?
+1 to kqueue. Burn epoll in a bonfire.
Does blogging really drive sales?
Fair enough but I was reacting to the clearly idealogical. To suggest Marx has something to add in this issue is both provocative and ridiculous. To entertain drivel this degrades HN.
But in this case it doesn't work. I don't repeat the name "Chrome" 20 times a day like I will for a Google Home. This is a serious f*cking flaw and it actually makes me worry for Google's stock price that they can't see how obvious of a problem this is and/or are too paralyzed to fix it.
If we look at cancer as simply another organism that's looking to survive, we can't blame them for innovating strategies. They're simply trying to carve their own niche in the world (albeit at our expense). C'est la vie.
Yeah the shenanigans are caused by rock bottom price market (similar to airfare shenanigans)

I moved everything to AWS DNS and am super happy about it. Domains are mission critical, I'll pay double without blinking to know that my stuff isn't gonna be held ransom over some contrived baloney
2018 Emerging Big Data Trends in Cloud Computing and Data Mining
We analyzed Big Data and Cloud Trends over 2017 and found some really interesting insights: Apache Spark was the fastest growing engine by number of commands (439% growth), while Presto processed 24x more commands per hour than Spark. And Hive/Hadoop 2 was the most cost-effective engine (with 62% of all nodes running on AWS Spot Instances). Each engine showed great performance for different use cases across the board, see more details in the report - https://go.qubole.com/CA-WP-BigDataIndexReport_NewLP.html
I pull the transactions into SQLite, and have a custom web frontend I use to categorize them. Then for reporting, I export the whole database into a Ledger (https://www.ledger-cli.org/) file. Works great, although it's a lot of moving pieces.
How about not allowing such content?
There is no requirement that timestamps be nondecreasing.
A block at 10:00 can be followed by one at 9:59.

What is required however it that a timestamp be at least the median of the last 11 blocks.
Electric scooter companies will require permits in San Francisco
Chavez was charismatic but not very bright. Maduro is his former drinking buddy who isn't charismatic or bright.

Basically most of the farms shut down because the government mandated food prices below the cost of production. Food was imported by the government instead.

Then the government ran out of money, and Venezuela doesn't have food or farms.

If farmers had held out through the hard times Maduro would have just nationalized their farms to try to fix the food problem. So quitting was really their only option.
Collision avoidance is the big unsolved problem for Tesla.

Er, yes.

Tesla is really good at following painted lane lines. Very smooth steering. Sometimes right into solid obstacles.
But they also know roughly when the load is going to hit, and how many requests they'll receive. It's not a one-time event like a game launch. They've also been using the same system for decades and ought to be pretty familiar with the various bottlenecks.
At 24 FPS that gives you a total of 41.67 milliseconds to fetch the file from the harddrive, parse it, and display it.

The harddrive was flash memory, no? So we're probably talking hundreds of microseconds to read the file into memory. Let's say 670 microseconds for a rough guess.

That still leaves 41 milliseconds to parse and display the file.

Of course the animation is happening at an arbitrary program's load time which is probably particularly CPU heavy. But OLPC apparently had two cores, so the process controlling the SVG animation should have been able to safely hit its deadlines.

I'm going to guess that the animation was smooth when trivial consumer single-process apps were loaded and janky when something like an office application was opened.

Am I right, or was it always janky?
If you remember the song, you can play it again and say "Hey Siri, I love this song" to amend that. If you don't remember the song, you can go into Apple Music and view your votes and change from there.
Seems like alot of work to replace a spreadsheet!
There are plenty of people who are successfully using HN to make professional connections or otherwise make money. So I get rather tired of hearing that I am deluded about that.

Show HN

Who's Hiring

Freelancer Seeking Freelancer

Patio11 and tptacek, both members of the leaderboard, were business partners for a time, though one lives in Japan and the other in Chicago.

Etc. As Nauseum.

But they all seem to be men.
The title is a clever reference to Dawkins' book about evolutionary fitness: The Selfish Gene (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Selfish_Gene)
If you have a single-threaded program and you want to set a `do_exit` variable in your handler and hope the program notices it soon, you'll want your program not to be blocking in some system call for an I/O event that might never come. This is the reason that EINTR exists.

It might have been better to have "restart-on-signal" / "interrupt-on-signal" be an argument to every system call that can block, but it's a bit late for that. So EINTR it is, and you just have to know -- it's all part of the cognitive load of dealing with POSIX/Unix/Linux/whatever. Win32 has its own things to know about (and plenty of them).

The cognitive load is, I'll say, quite heavy, but you can always use a higher-level programming language whose run-time hides all of this for you.
It's awesome to see some more players in this space. I've been keenly watching out for Modern Meadow's updates as well. Looking forward to seeing what this will bring!
Hi, I'm one of the authors of this paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.10122, https://worldmodels.github.io).

Happy to answer any questions you may have.
Roadside leafiness from space
At the same time, who knows? Bribe a dev 1mm and ask him to send you a snapshot of the order book periodically at a crypto exchange. Just imagine what you can get away with with that wouldn't fly in an actual exchange with silos, compliance, heavy auditing, etc. If I owned a crypto exchange right about now, I'd make sure I have a second passport ready.
Growing global population calls for better food production technology
The probability of the slide being used is low. I expect the slight inconvenience of passengers removing their shoes during an emergency doesn't justify the extra weight on the slide.
I think for a large number of people, myself included, the "Eureka!" moment often occurs when you're least focused on the problem at hand. I remember in college, studying EE, I was struggling to make sense of how a flip-flop worked (the basis of a register). My ah-ha moment was literally in the shower.
This is correct, but you must list your full legal name as the store listing, which isnt very ideal in my opinion. In order to list it as a business name you need an LLC or more. No Sol Proprietors allowed.
Well, most of the transactions will be the same, but they can have some transactions the other doesn't, depending on what transactions they received and then chose from their own mempool. It's just that those transactions who got inserted into the "losing" block - but not in the "winning" one - will be kept around to be added in a new block in the future.
Show HN: Clicking this will collapse all comments even if you didn't do so
You assume, based on the journalists' innuendo, that friction piles are per se not seismically safe. That's wrong. Friction piles are well studied and used for tall towers in seismic zones all around the world, including Japan.

That the Millennium Tower is sinking asymmetrically doesn't necessarily mean the design was flawed, even in a high-risk earthquake zone. It could be flawed, but the very fact that it's sinking doesn't tell us that. It could merely be that out of the hundreds of towers constructed globally each year, Millennium Tower was the unlucky outlier which defied the otherwise carefully weighed odds.
paredit + evil-mode is really fantastic
Once User B receives the message, it is also stored in User B’s storage too.

We're also considering ephemeral messages so the messages aren't stored at all.
For those wondering why the permits:

> “This is a basic permitting scheme to allow the professional staff at SFMTA to permit these with sensible, regulatory frameworks and to be able to confiscate unpermitted vehicles or devices,” Sheehy said.
Thanks for the link, didn't know this was a "concept" per-se, so to speak, even less so that it had its own wikipedia page and that Wittgenstein had written about it. I've started thinking about this concept ever since I read Wilhelm von Humboldt's "The Heterogeneity of Language and its Influence on the Intellectual Development of Mankind", where at some point he mentions that, taken at the limit, each of us speak our own, very private language (the book was written in the early 1800s).

That idea has stuck with me ever since and I've tried ways of both disproving and affirming it, now I'm mostly in the "affirming it" phase. As a quick example, one can just think of a sentence like "I love you", which means different things for different people, even if spoken in the same language, and, most important of all, it might mean (and in many cases it does mean) different things to different people who have lived together for decades (as husband and wife, for example, or as parents and children). On the other hand, more "neutral" sentences like "turn off the lights" seem to mean the same thing for a larger proportion of speakers.
The problem with that is that people use the word "computer" in natural speech far too often to make it useful as a wake word. You'll continually get false positives anytime someone in a sci-fi show says "check the computer" or "computer, tea, earl gray, hot".
"This mathematical theory that has been proven is bunk"

Right... Either you're misunderstanding what the theory says or your crazy concentric countries idea doesn't work (hard to tell from your description).
I believe all that was rooted in the original breaking-up of farms? Large farming corporations were divided and given to workers in small parcels. But they had not the financing, equipment nor training to run their own operation. Also, they were now 'wealthy landowners' and probably not too motivated.

Anyway, fast forward and nobody is producing food, or at an uncompetitive cost. As noted, the food imports ruined the balance of trade, the falling oil prices ended their exports, and the country went bankrupt.

Has any socialist country survived the death of their cash cow? These experiments seem to work in principle, but only as long as huge amounts of cash are injected from outside.
Yes, you can "push" and chain handlers, and as long as all bits of code setting a handler only ever set a handler (never resetting disposition) then it will work, for some value of work. I still wouldn't recommend setting a signal handler in a library, even though in a pinch I would.
... I guarantee that if you draw that out for us, someone will 4-colour it for you. That's what "theorem" means.
Here's a chance for you to make some easy money: I'l bet you any amount you care to wager that I can color any planar map you can produce an actual drawing of with four colors.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16852295
Many optimizations need to be performed at a higher level, using language details. By compiling something to WebAssembly you lose all the ability to do that.

For dynamic languages like JS you can’t actually make these optimizations AOT, which is why we JIT JS in the first place.
Does this mean I can convert my C++ win32 desktop app to run on virtually all platforms?
Cybersecurity Tech Accord
Unlike bacteria, cancer must evolve "fresh" in each new host that it develops in. As a result, a cancer treatment that works today will work about as well in the future.
Software solutions are not the answer here. Filing in 50 states, even if automated, exposes small businesses to time & money-consuming audits in 50 states. That is extremely undesirable but it will become a fact of life if this case goes the wrong way.
They can certainly try. The foreign entities may or may not cooperate.
If it means no more tedious complaint threads about paywalled content, then yes.

But what am I saying? Tagging them will probably just draw people in faster to complain about it harder.
That's amazing.

"I helped Apple recognize speech" for those struggling.
They don't base isolate tall buildings, they isolate short ones. The whole point of base isolation is period elongation. In a tall building, you're already flexible, and your column loads are tremendous. It makes no sense.
We can always do more for safety. How would you strike the balance between public safety and too many regulations?

The 2010 515,000 bicycle related injuries required ER attention, [0] so the problem is significant enough in size to merit policy. The single biggest risk factor for death or disability in bicycle accidents is head trauma, and helmets are highly effective at reducing the risk of head trauma in bicyclist. [1] Bicycle helmets are a cheap and effective preventive measure to a real public health problem.

[0]https://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/toolstemplates/enter...

[1]https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002243751...