skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> If Shkreli, and other people like him, didn't exist the drug might not be there in the first place.

Right, and the law grants a limited term monopoly for novel pharmaceutical compounds to encourage innovation. In this case, the patent for Daraprim had long since expired.

What Martin Shkreli did was acquire the marketing and distribution rights for Daraprim, raise the price to $75,000/month, and then withdraw all pharmacy distribution, instead relying on a direct distribution model specifically to prevent other generic drug manufacturers from obtaining the drug for comparison purposes in FDA-required bioequivalence studies.

Is it legal? Sure. But he basically weaponized FDA regulations to reap a substantial profit.
The renderings are amazing looking! It makes Jupiter looks like an evil planet.
> People have gotten along without the present distorted system of mass incarceration

while the incarceration system has limits when it comes to rehabilitation, this part of the post is extremely mistaken.

just because it was slavery and banishment aren't equivalent to incarceration doesn't mean there was no system of punishment - for as far as myth can track our oral history crime and punishment was always present in some form or another as a value and a condition for the existence of social groups larger than tribes

crime and punishment was codified as social values in laws, tradition and religion precisely because not having them caused more strife than having them, a point that is driven over and over again with the stigma the same myth gives to personal vendetta as opposed to systematic punishment.
The same is true for any business or corporation. The real key factor here is that coops at least open up the possibility of workers sharing in the profits generated by their labor. A traditional capitalist corporate structure incentivizes the complete opposite: pay workers as low as you can get away with, so you can personally pocket more profits.

Furthermore, in a corporate structure, those at the bottom of the rung have absolutely zero say in what upper management does.
New Data Reveals More Evidence of Magnetic Pole Shift
Not disputing that. Just saying there were no ACTUAL losses.
The Seven Technologies Remaking the World
Yes, I wasn't talking about your $0.01/GB egress charges.

Amazon, for example, starts at $0.15/GB. It drops down with more volume, but it's obviously gouging to a ridiculous level.
They don't need to know anything really. Their role is only lead generation. All they really have to do is a keyword search.
Just 2 nitpicks:

1) The law is what a very small group of people decides it should be, and

2) Slippery slopes in law are a very real thing. Just listen to Supreme Court oral arguments. That's (supposedly) why it takes so much forethought and time to enact them.
It sounds to me like the FDA regulations for approving new drug manufacturers haven't been very carefully designed. Whatever ire we have should be focused on them for screwing up the regulatory environment in the first place.
Embracing Specialized Tools
Lmfao, the law is whatever those that own the politicians say.

My favorite in my current industry is how codified insurance costs are built into the system. You can't charge below X, because that would undercut the big players. So you have price floors, for no reason other than regulatory capture and payoffs.
Instead of answering questions, I made one page tutorials for certain things. When asked the same thing again, I emailed them the tutorial... Again, if necessary.
The fact that they can't go after everyone doesn't mean that they should punish Shkreli extra hard for what amounts to being a jerk.
Active Discussion => https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16554019
> The question isn't which abstract model is better, the question is how we build some sort of conventions that work better than what is happening now.

Oh, sure, there's potential for improvement. But so far there hasn't been a model that works better, and every single time that government-protected monopolies were tried, they failed with disastrous results.

Every single new model tried has failed miserably.

But that also doesn't mean there aren't ways to improve the current model.
There are multiple cases where someone can be obligated to sell for a particular price. Eminent domain is the most obvious example but Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory Licensing [1] is more applicable. Patent laws creates a temporary monopoly. This monopoly needs to be regulated to prevent abuse. Avoiding extortionist pricing of patented medications seems like a reasonable area for regulation.

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_and_non-discriminat...
does the FCC actually have authority to govern space?

because, you know, it's space...

like what are they gonna do about it if the startup relocated to another country?
We have always had systems of punishment and retribution. In the past if you killed or raped someone, the clan and family members would try to hunt you down and kill you. Basically, the state took over the function of punishing wrongdoers. What happens when the state stops punishing people is not that punishment stops, but that you end up with vigilantism. For example in Detroit https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/14/us/michigan-suspect-beaten/in...
having done some stuff with webaudio api I doubt there's much can be done about this right now.
And not everyone wants to work for Google or Apple and not every company needs a Google level employee. Most developers are doing boring line of business apps....
Isn't this equivalent to changing the exponent bias? Like block floating point?
>Most of the cost is in the machining and labor, so I doubt prices will drop much.

I'm not sure why that would be the case. Titanium alloys are only marginally more difficult to work with than aluminium alloys. The tubes are hydroformed and die cut, so the only difference is a touch more die wear. Titanium is a bit finicky to weld, but that can't possibly account for the ~500% price premium over aluminium frames. There's a tiny bit more surface preparation and your fixtures need to be more complex to provide adequate gas purging, but the differences in a mass production environment are quite marginal.

>And the majority of riders seem to prefer carbon fiber anyway.

Carbon is better for competition road bikes, because it offers the absolute lowest weight and can be easily formed into complex aerodynamic profiles. Entry-level bikes tend to be aluminium for cost reasons. For touring and audax bikes, many riders still prefer steel for durability and comfort. Titanium has the corrosion-resistance and light weight of aluminium but the comfort of steel, so it's considered by many to be the ideal material for non-racing bikes, but the cost is often prohibitive.

As far as I can see, the bike industry would be transformed if titanium were to achieve price parity with aluminium.
So either:

Doctors would also be responsible for performing inquests into non-medical circumstances of a death, for which they are not trained and don't have any powers to gather evidence or take statements. I can't see that being popular with doctors.

Doctor would not be able to sign a death certificate until a Judge had completed an inquest into the non-medical circumstances. In which case the Judge would have to do so without the benefit of a medical certification as to the medical cause of death, which would have to remain open until the end of the inquest. In which case, I don't see how the inquest can reasonable be completed without a certification as to the medical facts, which is all a death certificate is.

Neither of those make any sense, so I'm sure those aren't what you are suggesting. How do you see this working?
> Government-granted monopolies reduce innovation and consumer surplus

This has no basis on the real world. Many of the largest companies in the world are subsidized by the government, including in the US. For example, Boeing/Airbus is a de-facto duopoly, subsidized by taxpayers. The biggest problems of these companies is that they are owned by private individuals. Having them formed as coops solves a major issue. While not perfect, I don't see these coops as any worse than other companies.
> The same is true for any business or corporation.

No, coops here survive because of government protection against competition.

> The real key factor here is that coops at least open up the possibility of workers sharing in the profits generated by their labor.

No, they don't. A coop can be of owners, as it is frequently the case in Italy. A coop of small farms, each employing a dozen people, doesn't necessarily bring any benefit to those employees, only to the owners.

And it leaves them vulnerable to competition from outside, which then require even more government protection, hindering trade and economic development.
It's a trivial bug. If the parameter is invalid, return nothing, rather than return all the credit cards.

I'd be worried if any company is not able to understand the problem and publish a patch in a few hours.
does the ability to not have your mind wander off increase with time? I have trouble focusing on breathing, 1 hr on the treadmill is a long time to be fully focused on breathing.
Really interesting content but this site has one of the most aggressive, unpredictable and annoying slide-down headers I've ever seen.

Displaying written content on the web should be so simple, yet all the content producers have invented their own special blend of ways to fuck it up.

Slide-down headers. Share links widgets that overlap content. Video plays without asking and follows you down the page. Entire page lags while 800 javascript snippets load. Text is some stylish but unreadable low-contrast color. Modals begging you for your email.

I manually edit the DOM and CSS of sites on an almost daily basis now just so I can read it.
What law is the valet breaking in that case?
Added. Good idea.
> No one is obligated to sell any particular good or service for any particular price.

Well, nobody was forcing him to sell goods or services for any particular price. He set the price and now he has to face the consequences.
How is virtue signaling adding to the discussion exactly?
Doesn't need to be forward slashes (in either Perl or sed).

In fact that last example I might write as either of the two following ways:

s,$,/,
s{$}{/} # this is supported in Perl but not sed

to avoid having to escape the replacing character.
Agreed! Security bugs are going to happen in any sufficiently large piece of software (that wasn’t written by djb). The important thing is to work hard towards minimizing them, and fixing them quickly once found - seems to me Facebook does a good job on both of these points.
I was always under the impression we have crappy roads because of planned obsolescence. Basically we have crappy roads because we need to employ union workers to fix them. So the $50 million we save not fixing crappy roads is basically $50 million out of the union income, which impacts elections. I don't know if this is actually the case, but it seems plausible.
The main practical takeaway is to prefer iterators over pre-generated arrays.

Also, TIL according to the C standard, 'main' is not a reserved identifier! (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34764796/why-does-declar...)

If anyone can clarify: I assumed that the gcc read literals directly into their 'target' type, but it seems like some literals (such as '-1u') are read as signed integers first then typecasted to the the target type?
Ethereum Frontier Guide
No, I can still hide my friend’s list. Settings > Privacy > “Who can see your friends list?”
> hypothetical loss

There were massive losses. It was only after Shkreli's scheme was unraveled and he realized was likely going to prison for his crimes that he gave disgruntled investors Retrophin stock to make up for their losses.

Making things right after being caught committing a crime doesn't make the crime disappear.
"This was just a weekend project for my own amusement but I will definitely add more features"

I'm late to the programming party, started at 38 now 43, and mostly regular sites (though I am working on a couple webapps at the moment), but comments like this make me feel like taking my toys and going home.

Nice work, can't wait to dig in and take a look at this both as a user and n00b dev. Congrats!
Organizations that willfully violate the law, especially in ways that pose threats to the lives and property of others, should be terminated.

The US government granted them incorporation (or some similar status) and all the privileges that came with that. I wish the government would raise the cost of non-compliance by exercising it's right to revoke those privileges.
Actually in this case the answer is fairly simple: it's corruption. Most people living in Ontario or Quebec know that the construction industry there is dominated by the mob. You gotta be real careful not to step over the wrong people's feet, especially if you're going after public contracts.

So, suffice to say, there is little real competition because most new competitors get literally threatened for their lives if they try to compete.
It wouldn't be particularily expensive for USA or EU, to fund research or create economical incentives for commercial initiatives.

You could say that it might even be the very purpose for which democratic states exists; to protect it's people.
Same thing happened to me in C++ with gcc, making an array too big on the stack. Or maybe that was a dynamically sized array. Can't even remember the context now, project euler maybe.
Grace Hopper on Letterman
> It looks like you commented on both threads

The GP's history is rife with directionless rage. This is just his latest lashing-out.
Three rules of thumb
Exactly. It's mentioned twice in the article that the FCC regulates this area, but these were launched from India. What jurisdiction does the US FCC have over a device launched into space from a foreign country?
What absurdity about the justice system did he perceive (that the status quo doesn't)? And if he knew what he was doing, and properly ascertained its detrimental effects, then why did he reportedly weep and plead for mercy when the sentence was handed down?

To put this another way, if Shkreli received what he thought he would get -- which is 0 days in prison (when considering time served up to now) -- then how is that less a mockery of the justice system than the other cases people complain about, when smart, clean-cut, cultured white-collar executives don't get what they purportedly deserve? I bet if Enron's Jeffrey Skilling (who received an initial sentence of 24+ years) had a YouTube channel, he too would come off as a relatable intelligent and clever human, which is what you'd expect of someone who worked his way up to CEO.
It helps to use registration marks to establish the base focal plane. Compare:

<> <>
O O O O O O O O O O O O O

<> <>
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
FYI: There's a bug in the reverb processing; if you listen to the "Ambient" preset for long enough the sound will start clipping in and out and eventually disappear altogether. As soon as I bring Reverb->Amount above zero, I get some nasty quantization noise (mostly in the right signal) and left signal pops in and out with some nasty noise around it.
The Productivity Subculture That Won’t Quit – Melody Wilding – Medium
Me to! at 10 years old. Thankfully there was a lot of examples I could use, but I didn't have any "magic" HyperCard Bibles or books or anything like that, so I had to do a bit of Motorola 68000 programming and frankenstein myself a program.
At no point you talked about monopolies.

And it has plenty of evidence in the real world, just look at AT&T, cable companies, ISPs, mail carriers, etc.

And look at monopoly pricing.

> The biggest problems of these companies is that they are owned by private individuals. Having them formed as coops solves a major issue.

No, it doesn't. Coops are also owned by shareholders, and with government protection, they are monopolies, extracting economic rents from consumers. And economic rents are always, always bad.
I wonder what the `CSPlaygroundGraphQLFriendsQuery` query is meant for. It sounds like some testing/development thing.
Hopefully multiple smaller ones.
Launched from India, but made and owned by an American company. The FCC has jurisdiction over the satellites because it has jurisdiction over the satellites' owner.
Cool, I didn't realize that. Thanks for the correction.

I should mention that this was back in September 2014, where IBM was the only one offering anything in Canada (hence the migration).

Once we'd done all the work to decouple from AWS, it was fairly straightforward when Azure came knocking and offered us a ton of compute credits from their startup program. IBM had also rebooted a couple of critical VMs with no prior warning which left us wanting a cloud provider that took its tenants seriously. This was in ~May 2016 and we hadn't heard anything about a Canadian AWS datacentre, which apparently launched in Dec 2016.

We still use SES to this day because we haven't found a good alternative, so it's not like we hate AWS or anything. Just offering a (dated) perspective on why someone might choose Azure.
if taking classes was voluntary the population of the study starts with a high selection bias, no wonder they'd be on average more industrious and self motivated than the peers that did not take classes.
Crave Crush is a lozenge that stops sugar cravings
Jaaxy – The Only Keyword Tool You Will Need
Might want to look into changing the name, since Scratch is a block-based programming project MIT runs https://scratch.mit.edu/ and makes discoverability a lot more difficult.
An insufferable read. Just reading this makes me want to abolish the humanities...
Distributed Execution of Subqueries and CTEs in Citus
It's funny...I love waking up in darkness. I like to get an hour of meditation in before I start my day and lighting a candle in a dark room makes that easier. I also love sunrises and sunsets, so being awake before sun comes up means I get to see both. There's something about that transitional light, where the sun's angle has to go through more atmosphere, that I find quite magical.

I can see how having responsibilities that need to happen in the morning would keep you from being able to step back and appreciate those more aesthetic enjoyments, but if can figure out how to find moments within those responsibilities when you can appreciate the beauty, perhaps getting up in the pitch dark won't seem so depressing.
It might have been a Manila thing, but when I was in Bangkok I used Grab pretty often (maybe 5 times per week for a month) and I never had an experience like that. I had some experiences where drivers would only go to a certain part of the street, but in general it felt like Uber or Lyft in the states, plus I enjoy the UX a little better than Uber.
It does actually.

If you waste their time by trolling them and drawing excessive attention, it consumes their resources responding to comments from the media. Instead of y'know, performing their investigatory/judicial functions.
And at the same time, we have Jeff Sessions apparently starting to wind up about "the pirates".

And I have little doubt of Mickey getting another 20 years, under the political status quo here in the U.S.

So, Trump dumped the deal, but we'll end up getting some of the worst parts of it, here, nonetheless. That's my gut reaction.

I see the purpose of limited monopoly IP rights. But I object to them lengthened to benefit parties having no role in the creative effort nor the creator's personal life, and increasingly towards perpetuity. All the more so as they are used to stifle innovation.

They were originally created to foster innovation.

Rent seekers in Armani suits are not innovation.
I've had some wonderful feedback from other folks, both for what to do about the editor experience, and also what to do about the UI, to make things more intuitive. Looking forward to spending more time on it soon.
IANAL, and a lot of this hasn't really been tested in the courts, but https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Liability_Convention would seem to apply:

"If State A caused the launch to happen, then State A is fully liable for damages that result from that space object."

and

"Whereas under most national legal systems an individual or a corporation may bring a lawsuit against another individual or another corporation, under the Liability Convention claims must be brought on the state level only."
The library is the prerequisite for proper PGP support in ProtonMail, so it obviously needs to be built first.
Couldn't this company just incorporate in Taiwan or India and keep doing what they are doing without any need for US approval?
> The FCC has jurisdiction over the satellites because it has jurisdiction over the satellites' owner

Moreover, if those satellites smash into another country’s bird, the U.S. taxpayer is ultimately liable.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6364809.stm
Great to see alternatives in the space. What is considered as "your home country"? I am a European, resident in a South American country. This implies that my Health Insurance System in my European Country does not cover me. Will SafetyWing still cover me in the South American Country I am currently residing in?
Joel Grus – Livecoding a deep learning library [video]
Swarm tried to get FCC approval and failed [1]. It then decided to go ahead its plans anyway.

[1] https://apps.fcc.gov/els/GetAtt.html?id=203152&x=.
I'm not sure how PHP integrates with common web servers today, because I've been pretty disconnected from that world for a decade, but at least you should be able to use the same mechanism to call the PHP runtime from your Node shim while keeping it alive. If PHP supports fastcgi, for example, there are modules in NPM that can do the Node side of it.
Colleges have admission and performance standards. Why not prison colleges? Select inmates motivated to learn and send them to a separate facility. If they don't take advantage of the opportunity or become a problem, send them back.

Peers matter. If you stick a dumb kid who screwed up in a prison full of hardened career criminals, you're likely going to get a career criminal. Surround him with other dumb kids trying to figure out how to recover from their mistakes and something different can happen. A separate prison college serves this purpose well too.
It does not solve anything, just pushes the problem a little further.
How does the FCC have jurisdiction? Maybe the radio broadcast in US territory. However, it was not even an American rocket?

I am sorry, but not sure how the FCC has any jurisdiction here. However, I can see the issue with them being small and hard to and track, but still not sure how FCC is even the right entity to handle this.

However, the US is also is weird for instance taxes are based of citizenship not were you live geographically. For instance if you have lived in Japan for 10 years you still would have to pay taxed back to the US.
Also interesting are the other compiler bomb submissions:

https://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/69189/build-a-c...

All are short bits of code in a variety of languages that expand to massive files.
They could, and then it would be Taiwan or India's problem.
We optimized via a two-person wedding in Vegas. Cost including hotel stay: $240 in 1992 dollars. Value of not dealing with needy relatives, weird in-laws, massive debt, and who sat where: Priceless.
https://www.fcc.gov/general/international-bureau-satellite-d...
Wave is another MIDI controller ring, but this one has buttons – The Verge
MySQL 5.5.59, 5.6.39, 5.7.21 supported on RDS
satellites will talk to something on the ground. Something owned by an a American company. So unless the satellites are TX-only, FCC has jurisdiction over the earth-located transmitters.