skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I think the existence of capitals has more to do with history and less with utility. As you said, it’s not obvious why you would need capitals.

The Romans started with nothing but what we today know as capitals [1] (imported from elsewhere but that is another story). Everyone who needs to write a lot and fast (e.g. merchants) will optimize the letters for this purpose and thus dramatically change how the letters look. That’s how the Romans got their cursive [2]. If, on the other hand, your task is to chisel letters into stone or copy a book you can be extra diligent, an opportunity to clean up letterforms [3].

Those two writing styles – cursive and capitals – were not intended to be combined with each other. It’s only later, in medieval times, that both letterforms are used together [4].

[1] Example: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hermes_16_illustration1.pn...

[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_cursive

[3] Square Capitals, example: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arch.of.Titus-Inscription.... – Uncial: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncial_script

[4] Example: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Minuscule_caroline.jpg
Factor's build system, "we can design for failure"
If you have a good sleeping bag you'll be plenty toasty even in sub-zero temps.
It also has file description before the copy of the file data and at the second copy at the end of the whole archive, allowing fast listing of the content or location inside of the archive, exactly as the article would want.

The only thing pkzip doesn't cover in the original format is unix/linux specific metadata, but maybe this was/can be added. I use info-zip when the metadata don't matter but tar when they do (but even tar has its limitations with working with unix/linux metadata).
Ask HN: Recommendations for PDF text extraction 
Hello HN, can anyone recommend a library/API for extracting the text and images from a PDF?

We need to be able to get at text that is contained in pre-known regions of the document, so the API will need to give us positional information of each element on the page.

Thanks for any suggestions.
OK this is getting ridiculous, we all posted the same link and they're all broken. Maybe it's a problem with HN?

Here's another attempt, I want to see what happens: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somebody_Elses_Problem

EDIT: OK, the problem is HN removes the apostrophe (') from the word "Else's". Not sure why.
A vegetarian who eats fish is no problem at all. Impossible for the army, because fish is so finicky, but in terms of nutrition ANYBODY could rock a vegetarian + fish diet.

This is, of course, because fish is just a specific kind of meat, so nutritionally it's not vegetarian in the slightest.

For years I was a vegetarian + fish guy. I hate pork, my family boycotts lamb, and I didn't have a taste for beef. Nowadays I eat the token hamburger every few weeks, because I've noticed I feel a lot better for it.
If it's what he wants to do, and his parents aren't pressuring him to do it, where's the problem?

Worked for Terence Tao.
I am trying to get Lispers/FPers to hack on Android. It's pretty delicious, and Java is a decent language, if you ignore the, now gone, hype.
It depends on what your app is. If it's some helpful consumer app that doesn't regulate airplane traffic, doesn't secretly install spyware, doesn't accidentally erase the hard drive when the wrong data is entered, your chance of trouble with customers is low in practice. And nonexistent if you are operating in a different country than your customers.

Your greatest risk is that of being sued by a competitor over patents because he would rather do that than create a better product.

Incorporating won't help if you are the developer, you are still liable for errors in your own work. Lawsuits against big companies don't usually name individual developers only because they don't have the deep pockets, and because they agreed to testify against their employer confessing their errors in return for being dropped from the lawsuit.

If you do want coverage, your option is to get E&O (errors and omissions) insurance which covers liability up to a limit you pay for, and only covers you during the time you pay for it. So if your program is out in the wild and you are out of business and 10 years from now it causes data loss and you didn't maintain those premiums, you could still be tracked down and sued. Not very likely but remotely possible. The theoretical answer is to continue paying for E&O forever, or license software only for specific time periods so you can safely shut down operations if needed.

Again, the chance of being sued is low. If you have insurance, they cover the cost of defending you in a lawsuit and also make you a less desirable target because it means there are insurance company lawyers defending against the claims, so chance of success in a lawsuit is smaller and can only be obtained at greater cost.

Most likely threat to you is really competitors coming after you with bogus patent claims, which can easily bankrupt you to fight against. Best way to avoid that is operate your business from a location that is difficult to bring legal actions in.
I remember in about middle school through high school some part of health class was always devoted to ways one could improve one's self-esteem. I remember that I would resolve to do whatever was suggested (usually some variant of positive self-talk) which invariably failed for me resulting in me feeling like even more of a failure for being unable to improve my self-esteem.
It's because all the Nodejitsu team are perma banned from HN.
NPR story on tracking down the website trackers
Great podcast:
"The one site that installed the most was Dictionary.com. A visit to Dictionary.com resulted in 234 trackers being installed on our test computer, and only 11 of those were installed by Dictionary.com."
Google told me it's the US postal code for the state of Pennsylvania.
There seems to be a small bug. When pasting links, HN removes apostrophes. This is often problematic when copying-pasting links from Wikipedia.

For example, the following link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somebody_Elses_Problem.

It's supposed to have an apostrophe in the word "Else's", that's how it is when it's first written. But HN removes the apostrophe.
>A lot of US health spending is triggered by things that are >outside the healthcare system.

Can you give examples of this?
Well, a quick review of my Inbox suggests that you are wrong on that point.
All I watch is The Daily Show, mostly because it's funny.
Deflation, actually, is good for the economy because it lowers the cost of expansion

Wow, talk about economic nonsense. Deflation is far, far worse for the economy than inflation because it lowers the incentive to put existing capital to use.

and makes everyones savings have more purchasing power, making everyone wealthier.

Except those who have no savings or even debt, i.e. most people. And no, that's not their fault and debt-slavery their justly deserved punishment decreed by god. Inflation is pretty much the only thing that mitigates the aggregation of all wealth in the hands of a tiny group of people.
? Why is that?
don't where the meme ninja/rockstar came from but it gets quite annoying after awhile...

But I wonder if the job is for Seqouia the VC firm or an internal portfolio company?
Hey guys. The Nodejitsu team and Marak (http://www.github.com/Marak), the guy behind Nodejitsu are perma-banned from HN and can't respond to your queries.

He sends his regards, and if you'd like to contact him visit the #Node.js IRC channel @ Freenode
If you take the time to research every person on said list and construct an email to them instead of at them, then I don't see the harm.

A good baseline test is whether you're working from a template or not — and the answer should be no. Of course, you might have some bits that you paste in that would be repetitive to type, but in general there's a world of difference between composing an email and targeting a campaign.

Now, this might be OT but I have noticed that the most successful start-ups are run by an entrepreneur with a very specific unfair advantage: history/experience/connections in the target domain.

That's not to say you won't pull it off, but if you have to cold email everyone you hope to sell to, perhaps you should considering partnering with someone that already knows the folks you'd be pitching.

It seems obvious, but it's amazing how many folks are arrogant enough to think that they can walk into any vertical and take over.
Most of the technologies you have enumerated only have mind-share on places like Reddit & HN. The exception is Ruby, which is still a drop in the ocean when compared to big players like PHP or Java. I'll give you the benefit of doubt and assume that you're just joking with Haskell and Scala. There are exactly ZERO Haskell jobs available in my country.

Second of all, those technologies are not Linux-centric, they are all cross-platform. A one-OS programming language/library is worthless in the present, except in rare cases such as specialized hardware-software solutions or in-house software.
"for a few reasons, but some others for much lamer"
Personally, I like the idiom

T* t = malloc( sizeof *t );

It's no big deal, but it's just one less thing to change if you need to change the type. (I once had to go through some code changing longs to ints to make it run on a 64-bit machine. Were the mallocs written this way it might have been a bit easier.)

And although I agree that his sizeof(char) rage is overblown, is the author's point about the zlib code not reasonable?
Interesting question on VA's has anyone tried crowdflower?
Modnique.com - All Sales Events - Aquaswiss Watches
Not down for me :)
I think the book suggestions are great. But if you read enough about learning theory you need enough feed back. If you have a following ask your reader for feed back regularly to improve your writing.
I have no personal knowledge, but some poking around on searchyc suggests this brouhaha may have been involved: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1448309
Haha! I noticed that too. I scrolled the page to see if the smudge scrolled with it.
You'd have to parse the page seperately and run each piece of in line scripts / linked scripts in a sandbox which can talk to jsdom, but it could be done.
I've basically stopped reading bed because I found myself staying up far too late reading. If I'm going to read before going to bed I do so in my chair in the living room. I've found that training myself that bed is for sleeping only works really well. This way my body seems to know that lying down in bed means it's time to shut down, since nothing more is going to happen after that. It seems to work the other way as well, as soon as I get out of bed I find myself more awake than before.
As more technical from Pragmatic series:

http://www.pragprog.com/the-pragmatic-programmer

I love this book.
As with all rules like that they can be taken to DailyWTF levels of silliness.

I remember working on a Java codebase years ago where every string literal was defined in a Constants class - fair enough I guess. However, it had entries that looked like this:

public static String HTTP = "http";

public static String COLON = ":";

public static String SLASH = "/";

leading to code that looked like:

url = Constants.HTTP + Constants.COLON + Constants.SLASH + Constants.SLASH +
Fix 500 Internal Server Error
Sounds like a useful general-purpose library someone could put together: server-side execution of HTML-embedded js, with some sort of configurable sandbox (e.g. decide whether you want to let it call out to the internet or not). All the components are available, but seems like the field is open for an all-in-one solution that gets the defaults and edge cases right.

I imagine Google has something at least close to that internally, given that they've dropped hints here and there about their ability to crawl post-js-processed pages, but unless I've missed it, I don't think they've released anything (my guess is because of the arms-race issue, with shady sites trying to use js to mask certain content from googlebot).
In this context, the German use of caps is interesting. They capitalize every noun, and I believe that such a use has been proven to allow for speedier reading than the capital use in other Western languages (i.e. English).
"We need a Javascript and UI ninja..." Oh dear
Why not, say, youtube?
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the HN crowd needs reminding there's more to cracking than encryption ;-)
Discussed here, 6 months ago: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1183986 (similar 'Betascript' in Amazon UK)

(The numbers I collected haven't gone down - they're at 36k/23k today, and the "books" seem available. Actually, the listed prices now seem higher than I remember back then, e.g. currently 32 GBP for 124 pages worth of Wikipedia articles.)

P.S. also, last April:
http://news.slashdot.org/story/10/04/03/2112203/Print-On-Dem...
Hacking: The art of Exploitation by Jon Erickson
http://nostarch.com/hacking2.htm
Is that due to a technical limitation or a security issue?
Would everything need to run in a separate sandbox if the JS was from a trusted source(i.e. google)?
Ask HN: Good multi-server deployment practices
Hello, what are some of the better ways to deploy code/modifying databases across multiple machines? How do you guys do it and keep your processes swift, servers secure and have the ability to roll back if something breaks.
From what I understand, this blogger is a purely and explicitly comedic blogger who is making a living off of what she does. I'll leave it as an open exercise to enumerate exactly what it is she does that is valuable [0], but to criticize the author of this blog for not being lionhearted is pretty much like criticizing Larry David for not being Laurence Olivier.

---
[0] How is there not some terse bit of internet-ese to invoke the futility of examining some instance of humour?
"it's hosted and highly reliable, infinitely scalable, pay as you go and cheap"

You can say it shorter - it's cloud.
pkzip does reserve the posibility for an arbitrary length extra field connected to each file. According to the spec (http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT) this is for "additional information...for special needs or for specific platforms". All compatible zip tools are required to ignore all information in this field that it doesn't understand so you can basically write whatever you want there (although the spec does offer a recommended format for writing to this field). So if you write a special ACL preserving zip implementation, you can still unpack the file with any other zip implementation that knows nothing of your special version.
You missed the explanation: a char is always 1 byte, because in C the definition of byte is char. The wrong assumption is 1 byte == 8 bits.
I think the spiral model is generally advocated - back of the book, plot summary, chapter outlines, chapters.
Dup: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1176962
I think there are a couple of factors here:

1. It was a 48-hour coding competition, so some bugs are to be expected.

2. The hosting for the apps in this competition was turned on literally the day before: http://twitter.com/joyent/status/22204412477

I don't think that "node can't scale" will get much press, just because node is pretty performant and many people conflate performance and scalability. Node's asynchronous api would seem pretty good in a services-oriented architecture, and scalability is mostly about how the app is architected. (and in 48 hours, that probably means "quickly")

On the other hand, node.js is still a very young platform and there are a lot of unsolved issues. As of right now there are only 3 or 4 dedicated node.js hosts that I know of, and all are in private beta. People are still trying to figure out best practices for design and testing.

The thing that I took away from Node Knockout was that here are a bunch of really cool web app ideas that, given time, could be built with node. I think the apps were 'frozen' pending judging, but I know many of the top app teams were planning on improving them as soon as they had the chance.
I think it depends. In general, I prefer using expression, but there are cases where using sizeof is better (where better may be clearer, more maintainable, etc...).

I think casting malloc is useless in C (not only semantically, but from a readability POV), and is generally correlated with poor C programming. As other mentioned, mozilla is in C++, so that does not apply.
Just bought this on your recommendation, what do you think of it?
Walking with an umbrella in rain always makes me feel really sleepy.

I'd always put this down to spending a lot of time camping in the wilds of Scotland when I was younger - where I spent a lot of time dozing/sleeping listening to rain.
Kanye West and How Twitter Has Changed the Way We Communicate
I've always wondered why the correct spelling of 'faze' seems to be gradually disappearing, considering that the right spelling is actually easier than the most common misspelling (phase).
In the blog's comment, someone pointed out the same thing but the author then dismissed it as, "I’m a C programmer, not a C++ programmer, so I wouldn’t know anything about that." But considering Mozilla is a C++ project, it's unfair to critique it out of context.
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1608851
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1614834
http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1656422
This reminds me, I ported the core ideas of the parsley scraping language to jQuery.

http://github.com/fizx/pquery#readme
I find camping in subzero temperatures a lot more pleasant than camping in cold & wet temperatures - it's fairly easy to stay dry and staying warm really isn't a problem if you have the right equipment.
I think the suggestion was to not require a form of authentication (email or twitter) first. Instead, let the potential user "test drive" the app and then when they are a little invested prompt for a signup of some kind.
Wario land was another great example of YouTube integration: http://www.youtube.com/user/wariolandshakeit2008
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Well, the file he's quoting is C (note the lang:c filter). OTOH he's quoting Mozilla 1.7.7, which is positively ancient (Firefox 1.0.x I think).
From Viral Video to Billboard 100
Most of what you are writing was true, like a year ago. Never forget that China develops at internet speeds. Here's an update as far as I can tell.

Credit-cards are very much existent right now, to the extent that I know people who got into nasty trouble with them. That's a thing of the last year or so.

Overall credit is a lot easier to get now, which makes the real estate market feel pretty bubbly, but there does seem to be a never-ending demand for new property. First reason is that in the cities you don't marry without an appartment. Second reason is that people are still moving in from the countryside & those that get lucky end up in a position to buy after a few years.

I thought Starbucks was 'out' and the Coffee Bean was 'in' last time I visited. Same story that happened with McDonalds a few years ago: a western brand gets popular just because it is 'new', then people realize that they are eating/drinking crap & come up with their own alternative. Ever noticed how western fast-food joints sinicize (is that a word) their menus? That's not about concessions to the chinese tastes, it's about survival.

You're totally right on the copycat factor though & I actually think that's a great asset of chinese entrepreneurialism. It's a cut-throat world with lots of competition & they know how to stack the cards to their benefit. And why should they not? Unlike the western world they have a massive internal market to develop and cherry-picking 'the best from the west', then copying is a very valid strategy.

There's lots of cash to be made in luxury products I think. Just like the Japanese developed a taste for expensive watches 2 decades ago, I see the same happening in China. Over here in Switzerland jewellers / watchmakers are now openly catering to the asian market. I was in Luzern last weekend and just for fun started looking at the customers in the watch shops: almost all asian faces. And that makes sense, because most of my Chinese relatives will smuggle back a multiple of the allowed $10K worth of watches/jewellery every single time they visit europe. And those people are by no means 'fuck-you' rich in the Chinese sense of the word.
I was really lucky to be there to hear this in person. Listening to it again still blows me away. I'm from Singapore and I think one of the problems of my generation is that too few of us follow our hearts. Some might blame the education system, some might even blame the government.

I'm just extremely fortunate to experience life in the Valley and it opened up my mind. When doing a startup, its like a roller coaster ride with many ups and downs. Success is not overnight and probably might not even get there on the first attempt. But its speeches like this that kept the fire burning.
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I don't think it's the government job to grant everyone a job (at least in the USA, in other countries it is). But that wasn't my point.

What is important for a country is the ratio of debt to GDP. Currently if you keep cutting like this the debt may decrease, but the GDP will have decreased so much more than it will be HARDER and not EASIER to pay the debt.

Government economics are not the same as household economics. When the economy is picking up steam, then the government can start to withdraw support.
I think you miss the point.

A byte is always 8 bits, and therefore contains unsigned numbers 0 to 255 inclusive.

A char is always defined to be the base size of the machine.

By definition, therefore, sizeof(char) is always 1.

However, a char is not always 1 byte. On some machines a char can hold the values 0..511, and on others 0..65535. (for example)
These guys (and gal) are the real deal. Talented, creative and can execute with limited resources. What I find interesting is that they know the value of remix culture.

"Some of the group’s online traction stems from the way they turn their songs into viral video franchises by posting the chords and lyrics and encouraging others to create their own versions of the songs..."

By giving their fans more they broaden the audience and magnify their own offerings. Can't wait for the rest of the world to catch up.
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How Much Big Brands Are Spending on Google Ads
Selenium Remote Control lets you drive a real browser from the scripting language of your choice. xvfb let's you run headless. You really don't need anything else.
The law referenced is Canadian, but I've often wondered which set of laws cover something like an email list (and things like affiliate links on blogs). What if my potential recipients span several countries? Should I abide by my local rules? The local rules for my email list provider (if I'm using something like Mailchimp)? The union of all of the recipients' local rules?
Sorry, that was indeed sarcasm. What's the sarcasm punctuation mark again?