skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The number of bags used drop is significant, but I wonder how much the volume of plastic used has changed?

This is an honest question. I am genuinely curious. Here in California, for example, the 10 cent bags you now pay for are much more robust than the cheap freebies of before, but also clearly use more material in their construction. I would estimate at least 5x-10x the mass per bag of the previous free ones.

(I much prefer the newer system, FWIW. The stronger bags are much more useful around the home, too.)
You've put your finger on one of the fundamental problems of this site.
Just a friendly reminder the you can get the Programming Rust book for only $15 along with a bunch of other good books for 3 more days at the Humble Bundle Functional Programming Bundle. I've been working my way through it and learned a lot so far about Rust.
I think how the term is used is different, as you mention, in the US and UK. I'm trying to prevent Americans from assuming social class and income brackets are linked. Most Americans just assume, likely due to class brackets being used by the media as an economic indicator, that lower, middle, etc class just correlate with one's salary; this form of usage is a misnomer and ought not be used.
I do think there is a consistent split between the two populations when interactions like that occur.

But I don't think it is as simple as an individual advancing a "reality" that a community is not able to accept.

I think it is easy for the individual to look at it that way, though.

But this is because there's a hidden syllogism lurking about. I could better describe this with a graph, but...

Let's look at the example of mass shootings. Someone could very well bring up historical murder rates (even leaving race out of it), and show that things really are better than they have been in the past, in terms of general trend.

Brought up to people that are alarmed about the prevalence of mass shootings, they'll probably get down-voted or ostracized or whatever.

The individual feels frustrated, because they feel they have disproved some syllogism the community has. The assumed syllogism being, this mass shooting happened, mass shootings mean more death, therefore death rates are increasing. Individual has pointed out that death rates aren't increasing.

But the actual syllogism is the concern about the qualitative nature of the death. That it is saying something about us culturally that is qualitatively different than it used to be. Or simply that someone should be able to go to school without having to worry about that sort of thing culturally.

And the counterpoint that death rates are decreasing over time does nothing to disprove those implied syllogisms. At best the individual's point comes across as irrelevant, at worst it comes across as insensitive, disrespectful, or even pointing towards a worse implied syllogism of the individual's - like that the victims deserved to be killed for not being able to defend themselves with firearms or whatever.

So, next time you post FBI murder rate statistics by race of perpetrator and victim, it's probably best to ask yourself if those stats actually are relevant to the argument that your counterpart is actually stating. It might not be material at all. And it's also good to be explicit about what your point's conclusion is, and what conclusion it disproves.
A lot of this does kinda sound like the stuff "sovereign citizens" try to pull as "gotchas" over the courts, with stuff like "maritime fringe" and the "can't impede traveling" stuff.
Thank you for finding that! Why didn't Engadget or the New York Times put that photo into the article? Engraving kitchen knives with your ID number sounded like hyperbole. Nothing proves it like a photo or video. Same with articles on security or privacy compromises -- you need an actual exploit before (most) people take it seriously.

Direct link to the photo:

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DRbGEKdVAAAtVis?format=jpg
In UK Burger King charge for sauces, McDo always give a handful even when I ask for "a barbecue sauce" or "2 ketchups".

I guess for McDo the sauce costs a penny or two and they want to minimise interactions as they are costly; but theft must be too high off sauce is freely available.

For McDo it might well be a strong differentiator, customers see them as generous because of the excess sauce. Might also cause customers to make less mess under the psychology of feeling endebted when receiving a "gift".

Re plastic, a packaging company CEO stated on BBC radio (R4) this evening the expected additional cost of replacing burger packaging with fully home-compostable burger packaging was around 1p and that they had similar solutions for all fast food packaging ready to go. Financial incentives to responsible packaging solutions seem necessary at this point.
Thanks for the perspective. And because of things like this, rural folk don't want "our" help. They fall further behind, become more insular and hateful. Self-reinforcing cycle. Solving these problems is extremely important and will likely involve harsh tradeoffs. Unfortunately, in the US it feels like we need some dramatic examples before people will finally accept that tradeoffs are necessary.
People are plenty addicted to being paid $10K per to manufacture guns. Who needs to sell them?
Did Wave ever really live, though? I know it had its vocal fans for whatever reason, but most people never understood what it was, even if they had heard of it and tried to use it (like myself).
It's missing some really basic instructions, i.e. clicking cycles between "not marked", "marked as water" and "marked as ship". Just saying "Click squares to set where you think the ships are." is singularly unhelpful.
Agricultural and land grant schools are often not in urban areas - and far closer to where rural kids are growing up, and have more helpful programs to help them in their actual careers.

Washington State University, for example, is vastly more affordable to live near than the University of Washington, and has agriculture, forestry and farming oriented majors, as well as all the ones you'd typically expect.
Thank you. I couldn't find that with a Google site search[1]. But yes, that's not full certification.

[1] https://www.google.com/search?q=fcc+site%3Afriendlyarm.com&r...
Yes, that is true, and it does help, but it doesn't make it as easy for someone from a rural area to go to college as it is for someone in an urban area.

My point is there are a lot of factors, and a lot of bias that keep a small, but significant portion of rural youth out of college. Let's not act like these factors don't exist because we take some action to counteract them.
Isn't it reasonably likely that the people citing, e.g., the FBI's murder statistics by race of perpetrator and victim, are asserting their own sort "ideological hygiene", and hence the down-modding?

That is: aren't some proportion, if not a preponderance of the people citing that operating from a narrative that people of that race are "bad" — ignoring the centuries of social and economic context around the statistic as if it has no bearing on why the statistic is what it is, little details like the disconnect between correlation and causation, &c — and that it's their operating from that narrative, and neither the citation nor the fact, itself, that's being down-modded?

Aren't those people just as — if not more — insulated from "actual reality" than the ones using the forum's moderation mechanisms to "punish" their holding that narrative?

Yes, it's still toxic to discourse, but do you really think discourse is very likely in the first place, when you're dealing with someone who's probably only citing the statistic because it confirms their biases?

EDIT: phrasing
Random passphrases are indeed a good idea. XKCD #936 advocates for 4 words randomly selected from a 6000-word dictionary, which is 6000^4, or ~1.296 × 10^15, which isn't actually that strong if the service in question has chosen a weak password hashing algorithm. When using pure bruteforce or masks (not a dictionary or hybrid attack) against a large-ish corpus of passwords (say, a few million) a system with 6 GTX 1080s can realistically try 8.2 billion SHA1-hashed passwords per second, which would exhaust the entire XKCD 936 keyspace in about 45 hours. (If you bump it up to five words from a 20,000 word dictionary, you get ~3.2x10^21 possibilities, which is better.). And if you focus on a single hash, that SHA1 rate jumps to ~32 billion hashes per second, which would take less than 15 hours.

At that speed, processing the entire Pwned Passwords list would almost take longer to read from disk and into memory than it would take to exhaust against a single password. Password cracking specialists would of course try raw wordlists first (And therefore "more useful", in a way) ... but we many other tools in their arsenal that generate far more than a half a billion candidate passwords. And at that rate, you can exhaust all 8-character passwords made up of printable ASCII - 95^8, ~6x10^15 - in a couple of days. Other techniques (mask, hybrid, rules) can achieve similar rates, and combinator attacks are slower but still pretty efficient.

By contrast, attacking bcrypt cost 12 on the same system can only try ~660 hashes per second - against a single hash. At that rate, if you just tell the attacker "it's somewhere in the Pwned Passwords list", it would take about 210 hours to exhaust the raw list, and 36 years to exhaust all 6-character passwords made up of printable ASCII.

In other words, if a service is storing passwords poorly, that service should be fixing that long before they should be trying to blacklist a half billion passwords. The purpose of blacklisting up front in the password-changing UI isn't to forbid a half-billion passwords. It's a way to reduce risk of online attack - and an opportunity to guide users towards better selection methods. There's a reason why Dropbox only blacklists the top 30K.
There's no safe, general way to do shared ownership without ref counting or garbage collection. You can't expect Rust to provide one; it already provides ref counting and raw pointers, which is as good as any other Non-GC language does.
You're absolutely right. I don't know why that didn't occur to me. :-)
I think in the old days, before CMOS, this was called open-collector. I had learned about it in first semester digital logic not too long ago playing with the "high speed" 7400 series. If I remember correctly, the latch needs to support the open collector capability, but the reason escapes me.
The word that I have seen in similar contexts is 'trusted', which I like and would have preferred -- the block has extra privileges and isn't machine verified. Some people tend to give 'trusted' an opposite reading when they first come across it, though.
ESP32 sounds like it meets your needs, but it won't run Linux. It will run MicroPython though.
How to save any WhatsApp video into your phone without any app apk only
Yes, I doubt that judges will accept algorithms as persons based on strained readings of law and precedent. This is something that will require legislation. If not amending constitutions.
Read the book Daemon is you want to see creative use of this type of tool.
On a side note, you are in top 5% if you make about 200k/year. I guess most of SE in CA are top 5% earners then.
In case anyone is interested in some of the details about radioisogenic dating there's a simple writeup here: https://whatisnuclear.com/geology.html
In Search of Madness by James Q Wilson (1998)
Cybercrime 'pandemic' may have cost the world $600B last year
>but does not strongly suggest that close to normal people on average have a difference

A valid point, but that does not apply to Google engineers because their hiring practices directly discriminate for ability, as they select the best ~15% of people they interview. Statistically, someone with better than normal ability is far more likely to receive a job from Google than 'normal people on average'.
However, agomelatine was not approved in the US due to clinical trials not showing effectiveness (withdrawn by the drug company after phase III), although regular melatonin is super easily available here and I've heard some people say it helps. For a good analysis it is important to get access to unpublished studies submitted to the FDA. I don't have links but I think there are a couple that have done that.

Edit: Looks like they did include some unpublished studies at least.
We reply to nearly every email, but not all. For example, if an email is hostile and doesn't ask a specific question, answering usually just leads to more hostility. I learned that the hard way.

If you didn't get an answer, it might be that your email looked like that kind. Which doesn't mean it was, of course—we have to guess, and don't always guess right.
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Finding the Unexpected Wonder in the ISO's 22,000 International Standards
Yeah. Unless "Hobbyist" now also means my research university's 104 node, 2548 core HPC cluster...
Can you quote the part that you feel is condescending?

The text of the article seems largely straightforward and factual to me. It doesn’t say that there’s anything inherently bad about not going to college, but rather that not having a college degree has made it difficult for some people to find new careers in places where many types of labor are facing declining demand because of large structural forces, and that those communities are feeling a general malaise due to drug use, high unemployment, outward migration, falling incomes, etc. (a claim supported by evidence from polls and census data).

Are you saying that it is condescending for the “executive director of the Kentucky Valley Educational Cooperative” to be advising rural students to try college? Is it wrong for people from rural areas who got college degrees to spend their time advocating that other rural young people do the same?

I know several people who grew up in rural places and founding college and subsequent highly technical careers very rewarding. For some, it was explicitly seen as a way to escape their (to them, stifling feeling) rural community. I also know people who grew up in a city but didn’t like it and moved to rural areas as adults. Different people have different preferences.

If you are arguing that many jobs that currently require degrees shouldn’t, that seems like an orthogonal conversation not really touched on by this article; it’s not at all clear that the people profiled here would disagree with that.
I wanted it for playing online RPGs. It was a great use case :-(
Good to hear it's on your radar, and I certainly don't mean to trivialize how much work is involved in making Json work more smoothly with Dart's type system. I'm looking forward to any improvements that might come down the road after Dart 2!
Oh yeah, 'trusted' would definitely give the opposite of the intended meaning! I had to read your comment twice just to get why you were calling it that.
OP said simply this:

> Treat others with respect.

I guess you're implying that you disagree and that you should be a dick to everyone else?
Nope, unsafe does exactly what it says on the tin.

C# tackled this problem 15 years ago. I'm sure other languages (Haskell) did it even earlier. When to use unsafe is a judgement call. Each developer and team will have to set their own standards. Some people will abuse it. None of this is new. At first it scares people. They think this is the brave new world, using unsafe feels gross and backwards! Eventually they understand where it is and isn't appropriate.

You might think "so what? Why even bother with a safe-by-default language?"

Because it greatly restricts the problem space. Rather than being forced to examine every line of code for every possible bit of undefined behavior or every path of flow control for memory errors you only need to think really hard about edge cases inside the unsafe blocks. Simply by virtue of being a relatively small number of blocks of few lines the problem of safety and correctness becomes easier to understand. Easier to test. Easier to reason about.

Unsafe is a tool. It's a dangerous tool so you should always wear your gloves and safety goggles. But when faced with a problem for which it is the best tool you should use it without regret.
Airflow is extremely active — check the mailing list, Gitter chat, or even GitHub contributions. My company, Astronomer, also provides a hosted version of Airflow [1] if SaaS is more you're thing.

[1]: https://www.astronomer.io/airflow
> The biggest problem with political correctness is the friction between politically correct ideas and actual empirical reality.

Maybe. Nobody has enough grey matter to comprehend actual empirical reality even if they had it all laid out for them, and in practice most social maneuvering other people do is unobservable. There is a very strong layer of realpolitik in reality where actors must ensure that their in-group has power, facts be damned.

The real issue is when in-groups don't believe in the growing-the-pie mentality that benefits everyone. A belief that the resources we have are fixed and that only by taking from one group and giving it to another is the single biggest problem. We've seen that belief play out in horrific ways on the left, right, intellectual and populist spectrums and any other axis of thought you care to name. I see danger in the PC crowd, whoever they happen to be, if they believe that one persons wellbeing comes at the expense of another persons speech. That isn't tied to any particular issue; cultures have survived being wrong before.
Reminds me of this talk, where the speaker makes the case that corporations are AIs, but slow ones

https://media.ccc.de/v/34c3-9270-dude_you_broke_the_future
It's possible I'm mistaken then. My apologies. I did not intend for my suggestion to be perceived as a punitive measure had been taken ("which leads me to believe it's been turned off for my user").
I don't think it's just when it was that's significant here. Some works simply age slower than others. Stephen King's "It" is 30 years old. It doesn't seem insane that he should be making money off the recent cinema adaptation.

Games feel a lot more ephemeral. They're not being commercial exploited for 30 years. In some cases the franchise is, fine. In most cases, it's nowhere near 30 years.

"Not worth preserving" is basically the industry admitting this!

But we can't wait 30, 70, whatever years to preserve WoW, for example. Most of the work needs to be done while the servers are still available. Even if you wait 95 years to publish the work, the work has to be done while it's not legal. It's the only way it's possible. That disconnect seems nuts to me.

I think this is something our copyright legislation is ill-equipped for - having to admit that not all works are created equally. A book might be profitable for an entire lifetime. A game is not. Trying to pretend the same solution can solve both problems will only fracture the system.
That may be due to a quirk of how we use it in English (and maybe other languages, but I can't speak to that). For some reason, unsafe or not safe isn't always perceived as a logical negation as some other concepts usually are, and is instead parsed as opposite of safe. "Verified" seems to suffer from this less, but is also less strong in what it positively implies.

Is it possible that the link to personal safety of the terminology is what provides the best positive connotation in terminology but also causes this unwanted ambiguity in negated interpretation? If so, that's an annoying catch-22...
Can you explain your position a bit more, like which parts you think would be better decoupled?
I think "respect" is the wrong angle. It might more accurately be called "lack of justifiable offense."

Put frankly: You don't have to be respectful with negative claims about white males to be politically correct, but you do for other groups. The amount of respect is irrelevant. The relevant factor is whether or not someone might perceive what you say as offensive, even if it is entirely respectful.
It depends on where you are. I think your impression that most universities are in small towns is an apt description of midwestern universities (i.e. states like Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, etc). It doesn't hold for either the west or east coast, really. See U of Washington, U of Oregon, Oregon State, state schools of California, state schools of New York, etc, etc. Sure, they might be in smaller cities, but larger cities than most states even have.

I grew up in rural Montana and wanted to study Electrical & Computer Engineering. I didn't really have a choice to stay in state (and get my degrees from a quality program). I could have studied at University of Montana, but that would have left me with a degree that, for what I wanted to do, would have been worthless. Sure, I could have made the 30-45 minute commute and gotten a cheap degree, but the result would have been a degree I didn't want.

For an in-state state-school engineering degree, I'd have had to at a minimum gone to Montana State University (5+ hours from my parents' house). MSU doesn't have much of a EE/CPE department, but does have some good engineering programs (like chemical). I had to go to Chicago to find the program I wanted.
You could render the http://jsomers.net/hn/stories.json some other way, or examine the javascript yourself, as it is not obfuscated or anything
I'm not having a problem with it personally, I'm just saying that trying to educate the developers instead of addressing it on Rust's end seems like a potentially losing battle, as unfortunate as it might be.
> They may not be as good as the commercial solvers, but they're still way better than the other open-source options.

Agreed. CBC/Clp are the best open-source LP/MIP solvers out there. SCIP is better, but it's not fully free.

> For general optimisation, i've used NLopt. It was very easy to use, and has a pretty sensible set of algorithms.

I noticed the omission of IPOPT support in NLopt. IPOPT is one of the best large-scale nonconvex NLP solvers out there (if you have exactly 2nd order derivative information, typically from AD).

> One thing i've learnt is that comparing optimisation algorithms is really hard. One might be better at one problem, one at another. One pretty general axis of variation is problem size: some algorithms scale to orders of magnitude more variables (or constraints etc) than others.

Very true. The academic world has standardized on Dolan-More charts for comparing optimizers on a standard corpus of problems, and those are the closest we have to quantifying general performance. But the no-free lunch theorem applies. There's also a lot of randomness and chance involved, e.g. initialization points can drastically affect nonconvex solver performance on the same problem. So can little things like ordering of constraints or the addition of redundant non-binding constraints (!) for MIPs (this was demonstrated by Fischetti). That's why modern MIP solvers include a random perturbation parameter.

> ML hyperparameter optimisation

Most types of hyperparameter optimization are black-box optimization problem with no analytic derivative information, which much of research in deterministic optimization does not address. Black-box problems typically rely on DFO (Derivative-Free Optimization) methods. DFO methods are even harder to quantify in terms of performance. The Nelder-Mead Simplex method is as good a method as any.
Thanks for the link, I remember stumbling on this at some point but don't remember why I didn't use it; I'll give this solution another shot! And like I said above, I don't mean to trivialize how much work would be involved in making Json work better with Dart. I'd love to use this language in my day-to-day work, but the Json story has been the only blocker there.