skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Today I learned!

>>> import random,zlib,codecs
>>> sample = random.getrandbits(1024).to_bytes(1024, 'big') * 1024
>>> len(zlib.compress(codecs.encode(sample, 'base64')))
22083
>>> len(zlib.compress(codecs.encode(sample, 'hex')))
4326
>>>

edit: (25 minutes of digging around the Internet, and I find this):

>>> sample = os.urandom(1024) * 1024

>>> len(sample.encode('base64'))
1416501
>>> len(sample.encode('hex'))
2097152
>>> len(sample.encode('ascii85'))
1310720

>>> len(zlib.compress(sample.encode('base64')))
82169
>>> len(zlib.compress(sample.encode('hex')))
12537
>>> len(zlib.compress(sample.encode('ascii85')))
8212

Had to use Python 2.x to make use of the 'hackercodecs' package that implements ascii85, but looks like it's the best of both worlds, assuming its character set suits whatever medium you are transferring over, and decoding it on the other end doesn't require some slow code.

final edit: I'm guessing it was an accidental trick of the repetitive input data lining up well. On real data hex still wins out (which should have been obvious in hindsight):

>>> sample = ''.join(sorted(open('/usr/share/dict/words').readlines()))

>>> len(zlib.compress(sample.encode('ascii85')))
1320809
>>> len(zlib.compress(sample.encode('base64')))
1116678
>>> len(zlib.compress(sample.encode('hex')))
880651
That was just an example, it may be larger - it may be smaller depending on the amount you hold. I assume it'd be less than current fees you pay to hold accounts, make transactions, margins paid in FX. I'm thinking aloud, and I totally get the "why would I do that when I can use something that's existing and trusted".. But think about the early days of banking.

We've seen entire banks collapse and people lose their money in the past decade alone. The early days of banking was rife with fraud and scams.

I don't expect this to change in the short-term, however think about the convenience you'd see on day-to-day banking and how fast new features could be developed compared with our current banking system. Even if you only held a very small amount in a "new bank" and "currency" and kept you significant savings and assets in a traditional bank, I could see this slowly chipping away at existing banking services very quickly once a consensus on currency is reached within a community.
I was mainly referring to general wage discrimination across all industries, but here's a few references for the restaurant industry from 10 seconds of googling:

http://rocunited.org/publications/tipped-over-the-edge-gende...

– The industry follows a conscious business model of confining women to the lower-paid positions within restaurants. Women are hired for only 19 percent of chef positions, for example, even though traditionally most women are more likely to do a majority of the cooking at home.

- In addition, women are confined to the lower-paying segments of the industry such as quick-serve and family style rather than the highest-paying fine dining segment. So even within the same job classification of server, full-time, year-round female servers are paid just 68 percent of what male servers are paid ($17,000 vs. $25,000 annually).

http://fortune.com/2015/10/23/wage-gap-restaurants/

- Women and workers of color are often pushed into the lowest-paying jobs in the food service industry, according to a report from the Restaurant Opportunities Center United, a labor advocacy group.

- Women are pushed toward lower-paying jobs at more casual restaurants, and people of color are channeled toward even lower-paying jobs such as bussing and kitchen positions.
Using C++ by no means implies using OOP.

C++ has an excellent C FFI :-)
Again. Apple has said nothing about the economy.

We could be in a 1930's recession and it would still be tax-advantageous to bring the money back. Especially since Apple is tipped to use it for stock buy back.
For people like myself, who absolutely hate cooking and constantly eat outside. I have totally moved to meal replacement powders, which have decent amount of protein and all the nutrients that body requires. I mix the powder with almond milk and I'm done.
Of course I tip when traveling. Not providing a normal tip when accepting a service is breaking the social contract and anti-social.

I do tip more at places I frequent.
While we are on the subject of tipping does anyone find it slightly annoying that every point of sale system now is configured to ask for an additional tip? Clover, Revel, Square, etc.

Some have different levels of UX where you are basically prompted to give 15%, 20%, 25%. I wonder where the tip actually goes in this case?
There have been a number of studies that found that attractive people, especially attractive women, receive bigger tips from customers than other groups [1][2] in some contexts. The implications of this are perhaps just as interesting as women being the primary group disadvantaged by this proposed policy simply due to there being a higher proportion of women than men in tip-receiving jobs.

One could argue that if this proposal were to go through, people in tipped industries would receive an allocation of wages that's less tied to subjective consumer tastes about inherent physical attributes that don't directly contribute to the quality of service received. Though I lack polling data on this, I'm hypothesizing most people would perceive that as more fair.

[1] http://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?artic... [2] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167487015...
It's more that the majority of tipped workers are women.
You forgot that control of private people and their property is what projects like this end up being about in a single-party state like California. It isn't about transportation: it is about control.

Southwest airlines does not solve the problem, because it does not give politicians or public sector unions or public sector unions' pensioners control over money. Only a train project can do that for them.
There is no source because there is no legal imperative for corporations to maximize shareholder value anywhere in the United States. It's a myth.

Shareholder primacy is a theory -- though it's really more of an ideology -- that executives/board members can believe in, but it is by no means required by law[1].

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_judgment_rule
I expect your intelligence helped as well. Many people would simply not be capable of that type of self-directed learning, however much uninterrupted time they had on their hands. That advantage is probably a big part of what allowed you to get through the experience and even get some benefit from it.

This reminds me of a similar thing you see with people who manage to escape the trap of abusive or just otherwise bad parents. Many people fall into mimicking those same behaviors later in life, or are just so psychologically damaged by them that it significantly hampers their future quality of life. Of course, some people do manage to have positive, productive lives despite terrible childhood experiences, but on average those who do tend to have above-average intelligence; they're able to rationalize what happened to them, and thereby have some control over its effects.
I optimize miles too but, for short distances, it's mostly not worth it. For Boston to NY I essentially always take the train which is more comfortable if not necessarily faster. And Amtrak points are probably actually more useful for me in general than airline points. I'd get 500 points on United and use of the lounge but, really, that's not worth a whole lot. Amtrak is already basically as comfortable as an airline upgrade--which is hard to get on a weekday peak travel slot.
In no way is that remotely acceptable, but the dude got $2 million. The government making a habit of that behavior would get expensive quickly.
Here's an idea -- why don't we let business owners decide how to pay their people? If waiters don't like tip pooling, then they can work for another restaurant that doesn't do it. It's ridiculous that the government even gets involved in this -- assuming minimum wage is met and taxes are being properly paid -- what business is it of the government how restaurants operate (beyond health and safety obviously.) Does the government get involved how a car saleman's commissions are paid? How about the compensation structure of other sales-based professions?
True, there are limitations. It's not a super power.
See also https://oded.blog/2017/10/05/go-defer-in-cpp/
I'm not disagreeing with you completely, but your 50$ each is a bit optimistic. can I get that price any time? not now, when I go to a website and try to find something for tomorrow its 109$ (Expedia).

the travel time listed is 1:30 compared to 2:30 (from numbers I heard) so you do chop off one hour of ride time.

however, air port security checks, being kicked from your seat, sf airport not directly in the city, the one hour starts to mean a whole lot less
Regular people own wealth in the form of corporations, too. Half of all Americans own stocks. Public and private sector pension funds own large amounts of stock. University endowments include stock investments and private equity. Sovereign wealth funds, such as the Alaska Permanent Fund, own large amounts of stock.

If we want to tax the rich, let's tax the rich. Let's not tax straw men that intermediate wealth for everyone, because that's what corporations are.
A use case is taking files from S3 and then doing something with them. It's much easier an efficient to set up a Lambda function that gets "pinged" by S3 every time a new file is uploaded than it is to poll S3 for new files.
Real Life or 'Black Mirror'?
Thanks, I don't get it myself. I guess simply stating what a bill actually does is going to have a hard time here on HN, if that bill has even a tangential connection to the current administration. It has become a holy war.
As the other answers have said, they don't for tipped jobs. This is why tipping service people in restaurants in the states is a big deal because it's the bulk of their paycheck and anecdotally there are plenty of shady employers who don't follow the rule about making up the difference.
=> But if a US company earns income in Germany it pays both German taxes and US taxes.

This is not portrayed accurately. If you pay German taxes, you claim exception for that amount. So if you pay more taxes than the rate in US, you owe no tax for that income in US. If the rate is less in the country than in US, you pay the difference.
"without asking for much publicly"

Well when ya all but purchase support from all the mayors, aldermen, district supervisors, judges, etc, kinda negates your need to ask for anything.
> C++ is the better C

Oh no it isn't. It does have more features, and for some fields, sure it is better (user interfaces, simulations).

However, this is security software we are talking about. C++ introduces more complexity as the spec is an order of magnitude bigger than, say, C99. More complex language spec, more complex tooling, lots of places for bugs to hide. It can help with classic buffer overflows and the like, sure. But it introduces its own set of issues.

>Many of these issues are well-known or can be easily researched. They have been documented many times, and can be avoided.

Right. The issues can be avoided. You just need to not make mistakes, right?

Also, this is worrying:

> Converting the legacy code base (490,000 lines of code) to C++ was a straightforward, mechanical task that took only a couple of hours

So we are good? The fact that it compiles (and maybe even works) doesn't automatically validates it as a secure rewrite (and it is a rewrite, no matter how similar the common language set is). The stakes are just much higher for something like GPG.

I do wish this project good luck, though.
Assuming that you are correct in your assessment that the U.S. generally has poor service, that fact would not necessarily contradict the above poster's point that tipping results in higher-quality service in the U.S. You are applying standards from other countries and cultures and assuming that it would work just as well over here.
How American of you! :)

Edit: This is a more general comment that addresses the conceit that the tipping system is merely a way for restaurant owners to pocket more money for themselves. This idea is simply ludicrous, given the staggeringly-thin margins in the business. I have no words to describe my disdain for the kneejerk reaction to attack job-creators at every turn.
More specifically, they will be very quickly fired.
SafePGP – Encrypt your messages with PGP encryption using any public key
Here in Australia, most people just think "literally anything to do with computers = IT".

Stateside too. I used to get asked to fix printers by friends and associates and in general get treated like a help desk by people all the time because all they know is "Dave works with computers" even when I started working directly with managing software development teams later in my career.

Heck, about 16 years ago when I was working the help desk in a call center I had someone ask me "Hey IT Guy why isn't the water fountain working?" as I was walking out the door. I asked her to wait a moment, poked my head into the office of the facilities maintenance manager and asked him if he could help out.

For some reason that last bit was especially insulting, both being called "IT Guy" instead of being greeted at bare minimum by name, and for the assumption that I somehow knew how water fountains work. I was a frustrated and angry young man then, heh.

Feels good nowadays when people ask what I do "Security and Compliance". I don't get asked to fix printers anymore.
The Quantum Spy, a new novel by David Ignatius
Essentially yes. I explicitly tip in cash to allow for the option. It’s up to the receiver to make that determination and I clearly can’t force them to do so. Part of it is an assumption on my part that someone working as a waiter isn’t exactly on the highest rung of society (economically) and could use a hand. It costs me nothing extra to do so yet could have some value for them.

I also go out of my way to directly tip bus boys. Again for all the same reasons as above.

The only cooks I’ve tipped are those with direct interaction with me as a customer. So omelette station, street vendor, or mom and pop diner with one of them operating the kitchen. It’s not that I don’t think other cooks deserve tips, it’s just not feasible to tip them and I assume if they’re in a position not to receive them then their wages should reflect that.
Would you mind clarifying what you mean? The implications i read in this comment are that Apple isn't paying taxes and do not invest in technology. Both are of course false, even before this announcement. I haven't fished through documents but i suspect Apple spends Billions on both every year.
If they bring the money back then inevitably they'd spend it back into the US economy either through direct job creation or buying things. If they do create jobs, the US gets most of its money from income tax, which would increase from the more jobs/higher wages. It feels like double dipping if we expect them to pay taxes on repatriating the money and then also taxing the wages that the repatriated money allows them to pay.
Android Security Ecosystem Investments Pay Dividends for Pixel
It's CHP's jurisdiction, not SFPD
My example is clearly assuming the customer is in the United States. I don't think we can copy a few things about Japan's food service industry and expect to have a similar dining experience here. Culture is too complex for that to work.

Japan's entire service industry always leaves me pleased.
Again, they don't have to bring it back - it was going to be taxed regardless. They could pay the tax and invest it somewhere else. They chose to invest it here.

Analogy: Anyone can open a cryptocurrency masternode [1] and get a several percent per month ROI, paid in that currency. I don't want to do that unless I believe in a given coin, however, because I must invest in and hold a large amount of the given coin in order to operate the masternode and get the return. Yes, I am being incentivized to do so, but it still doesn't make sense unless I believe in the underlying investment.

[1] https://masternodes.online/
Oxford dictionary is not a primary source, and if I'm not mistaken, they subscribe to the descriptive persuasion, i.e. collecting lexemes as they are in use, especially the online version, and others use it as prescriptive source.

All I see is "I always thought it was make do, because that fits better into my primary vocabulary and I don't speak French so I don't know how to pronounce dew, I mean do, err I mean ... that's just like your opinion, man".

I liked the comment noting the uptick (up take?) of make-do after WW2 much better -- which coincided with the invasion of often underedumacated Americans into Europe.

Here's a nice quote

> ... which shows how careful the Poet was to make due provision for his amendment.

If you had met due dilligence and followed through from the ngram search I linked before, you'd find plenty more sources from before 1660 like that, one with make do from 1660, and plenty american usage after 1945.
Hi, is this applicable even for outside US?
U6 is still high. Most of the jobs created after 2008 were more transient than old jobs. Hence, the term "gig economy". The precariousness of the working class has increased dramatically and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.
I've been to four places without tipping in restaurants, Italy, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan. I would say all of them had better service than here in the US. In particular, the East Asian countries I visited all have _excellent_ service without tips.

I suspect quality of service has a lot more to do with cultural factors unrelated to tipping.
I disagree. Tipping in the UK for example is not as popular as in the US, and the service quality for me was better in the UK.
Imagine if that money didn't accumulate in the hands of a few and instead continuously circulated...
And they did that. This is paying the extra tax the US - and only the US - requires on repatriation
I play video games with a trackball instead of a mouse when I can. Most games do not require mouse-specific movement. The main problem I've found is that the market allows thumb-based trackballs, which are extremely painful to use for more than a few seconds and very hard to precisely control. The ideal trackball lets users switch between index-finger-only and two-finger control, so that it's possible to rapidly click mouse buttons while improving precision in a cross-screen scroll.
> Have you got any pointers/sources for this?

For the African exports, sure - "mitumba" is the African word for "donated" clothing. If you speak German, public TV station ARD has a documentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djXkFedpTrE (and newspaper Zeit has a short text, based on that documentation: http://web.archive.org/web/20120822083146/www.zeit.de/2011/4...)

For homeless/refugees: at least this is what the Munich organizations regularly state within their calls (and especially during fall of 2015, where people brought in way too much stuff for the refugees and there were severe shortages of space and sorting manpower). Besides, asking someone if he can use donations before getting on the road is always better ;)
A headline that will never see the light of day.
Yes, but that requires the person knowing that law, and being in a position where they feel they can report it without fear of retribution. Most people who fall victim to wage theft don't fall into those groups.

In California, and Oregon, apparently, they are paid minimum wage from the start, and receive their tips on top of that, instead of being paid some "tipped alternative minimum wage" and then hoping that my employer is benevolent enough to follow the law and make up the difference.
Both in federal law and most state laws, tipped workers have a lower base minimum wage, but have to be “topped up” by the employer to the general minimum wage if their tips are insufficient (but as tips are also frequently used as a performance measure, and many tipped professions are high-labor-supply fields where vacancies are easily filled and thus employers are quick to let people go, tipped employees that would need topped up are under pressure to pad their own tips to protect their job.)

If tipped workers had the general minimum wage as their base minimum wage with no top-up requirement, much of the abuses would go away (and there'd be less employer desire to drive the practice, but the culture would probably endure for some time.)
Probably they have access to a reporting system that allows safe SQL reports.
I'm struck by how significantly the effect varies between states - according to table 2, 25% of the transfers (around $1.55 billion) are accounted for by Connecticut and Delaware alone (which collectively are around 2% of the US population).

Does anyone know why the effect is so strong in these states? In the notes the authors say that Delaware is one of the states with unusually strong protections - so I'd expect transfers would actually be unusually low in that case!
As an aside, I suspect once transport and commuting are handled by EV vehicles, ethanol will stick around as a small scale fuel for motorsport enthusiasts.

Frankly, I love my combustion engines for fun and sport, and while I fully support the switch to EV, I have long been wondering how the switch will effect my ability to use them for fun Sunday drives. Eventually they will be banned from the roads and the production and distribution of petroleum will slow right down.

With many motorsport vehicles using Ethanol based fuels for its lower temperature burn and higher power output, I suspect that is the fuel that will stick around as a special use product. Appropriately priced, no doubt.
This has not been my experience. I’ve found service in Western Europe at least as good as the US.
Italy? I don't believe your experience was universal.
That seems like a bizarre way to pay for damages considering weight and value are not correlated at all.
Apple lobbied for and received an incredible tax break for repatriating its money. It should be paying the full 35% corporate tax rate. Apple invests in some science and technology, that is true. However, for some reason, despite its fervent dedication to the arts and sciences, it hasn't figured out how to spend 200+ billion dollars. Weird.
Are you reporting the sales tax that you owe on your inter-state internet purchases?
It has been a long time since I saw spam on the front page of HN.
That doesn’t make any sense though. Why would Apple just create millions of jobs that they don’t require?

This is the key mistake people make when they say that tax cuts will create jobs, or minimum wages will cost employment. Companies try to be efficient, and therefore don’t create jobs they don’t need, and don’t get rid of jobs they do need if wages go up. That’s why there is pretty much zero statistical correlation between tax cuts and employment, or wage price and employment.

Apple will create jobs if their operations require them - they’re not going to make up busywork out of the goodness of their hearts.
I dunno how it works everywhere, but when I worked as a busboy and then later as a barback (similar job), I was paid a percentage of the tips from each waitress or bartender, directly from each individual to me.
I have Outlaw Cook... It is in fact the only cookbook I own, but I have yet to make anything from it. Thorne's writing is fantastic. I think I'll make something from it this weekend
If you don't consider the 20T of growing debt, sure. At what point do we ever care about the budget at all then? Asking as an opponent of the wars.
But 200 years ago, everyone had their fill on passenger pigeons.