skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Disclaimer: I'm not a lawyer, there are definitely people who can explain this better, and I'm probably using these terms incorrectly.

Yes, mens rea is an important consideration, but it's nuanced. Check the Model Penal Code [0], which identifies four differing types of mens rea, including negligence and recklessness; that is, a "guilty mind" (mens rea), for criminal purposes, does not necessarily require what would be conventionally considered bona fide malice or intent to harm.

What I meant when I said an "enhancement" or "aggravating factor" is that usually you have an objectively asocial actus reus, like theft, and should mens rea come into play, it's generally a defensive thing seeking to exculpate the accused, as in "I didn't know it belonged to someone else" (the affirmative defense), not to deny the act.

But with insider trading and other instances of nuanced malum prohibitum [1], the usual relationship between actus reus and mens rea is inverted. To make the crime, one starts with the mens rea, the bad intent, and must identify (or, if necessary, manufacture) an apparently-normal act to register as the external offensive conduct that harmed society and warrants legal action.

That is a scarier proposition because if your daily business involves technical acts that can be converted into actus reus, there's obviously going to be ample opportunity for people to assign and rationalize their preferred ideas about your thought process there and convince themselves that you're a criminal based on their personal level of dislike or offense. If this gets brought in court, your defense will amount to convincing the jury to believe you instead of the prosecutor, which is a straight-up likability and performance contest.

Whereas, with better-defined crimes, there is a physical, independent actus reus that people recognize as objectively bad and probably intentional. If you didn't steal the thing, if they can't show that you stole the thing, that's now the ground that you're fighting over, and that's much better for the defendant because it's much less fickle.

Essentially it makes every defense necessarily affirmative because the conduct is not otherwise unlawful. The government must dislike you enough to assume bad faith first.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_Penal_Code#Mens_rea_or_c...
[1] https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/malum_prohibitum
Yes, from my understanding, Spectre is an architectural-level flaw in the so-called speculative execution unit. In other words, Spectre will only be fixed once Intel, AMD, and ARM redesign the unit and release new processors. Given the timelines of CPU design, this will take 5-10 years at least.

On the positive side, the flaw is very difficult to exploit in a practical setting.
> I don't understand your meaning, sorry.

Meaning if there's american rap song about killing people, do germans ban it? These violent lyrics seem to fall under the law as you described.

Also, are violent american rap songs banned (in practice) in germany? Do germans have this same negative attitude to american "thugs"?
Only if your speculative reads do cause irreversible side-effects on those caches. You could implement them in a way that doesn't modify the caches... but that would be complicated and probably use more power and have lower performance.
That same lawyer no doubt had to tell them that the following statement wouldn't fly without the addition of the word "believes":

"Intel believes its products are the most secure in the world [ . . . ]"
How about based on how many of the serious issues are found by Google. It has been one after another.
"Which systems are affected?" – "All systems." – "Come again?"
HDR Photography in Microsoft Excel (2017) [video]
From the site:

> Both the Meltdown and Spectre logo are free to use, rights waived via CC0. Logos are designed by Natascha Eibl.
Much more common than square numbers, for example. sum(1/n^2) converges, but sum(1/p) for p prime doesn't.
That isn't an argument. People who call for genocide can be charged with a crime. There is no reason to remove the content from public record until there is a conviction, and even then there is an argument to be made to leave the content online as an example of what not to say if you want to stay out of jail.
BOOM UnikoinGold now available widely across Asia via OKex exchange
Then I apologise for thinking it had been you.

I’m going to sound very arrogant but: I don’t need to set up the scenario you describe because optimal strategies in identical games have been proven since the 1940s when Oskar Morgenstern and John Von Neumann published their seminal Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour (1944).

If you are getting results that are in conflict with that which is mathematically proven (provided certain circumstantial criteria are met), then you can be sure that you have not exactly matched the circumstantial criteria assumed as a perquisite for the proof. So basically you’re in another situation where the theorem makes no claim to hold and, unsurprisingly, doesn’t.
Finally, some real progress in the fight against gender inequality in tech!
Note that's not a legal requirement. That's just a policy many companies have to lower the risk of insider trading.
One of the major costs of building subway (in Manhattan at least) is that Manhattan is one of the densest places in the world. Higher density equals a higher density of infrastructure for things like electricity, water, and so on. This impacts the MTA in that the MTA has to be extremely careful to not adversely impact any infrastructure in the digging and construction process.

In my opinion this represents a fundamental limit on how dense we can make cities given we want a minimum standard of living (i.e no 3rd world slums) given our current technological level. Instead of trying to build more in Manhattan, it seems more prudent to me to encourage residential and commercial development of the other boroughs and concurrently more subway infrastructure in the boroughs. After all if Manhattan is hitting its density limit, New York City has a lot more land elsewhere to develop before resorting to trying to push that density limit.

Of course there seems to be a lot the city can do in terms of bringing down waste to make building in Manhattan less costly, but I think inevitably the city will need to opt for developing the boroughs if it wants to continue to grow in population.
The papers take a while to get to the point. I nearly fell asleep re-reading the same statements until they got to the point: speculative execution of buffer overflows.

Could have been said more concisely. Sadly, this seems to be the norm with academic texts.
I did not know what 'overdraft fees' were until I came to live in the US. So for other non-US readers: For bank accounts where you are not allowed to overspend, but you try it anyway, there is a difference in how that is handled in the US vs European banks.
If you spend more than your current balance ('overdraft'), US banks allow that, but charge you a hefty fee (my bank charges me $35 per violation).
European banks just disallow it altogether.

It even happened that one day I had a withdrawal, and a deposit. Overnight, the bank first processed the withdrawal (account balance became negative), next added the deposit (balance became positive again). Then charged me the $35 fee! They could have done it the other way around and not charge for it....
I have made about 150% on my money I would say
There's no way of knowing if this was exploited in the wild before it was discovered and mitigated. If it was, then it was a zero-day exploit.
I dislike stuffed crust pizzas, which are also not a race, but I imagine everdev considers that racist too.
This seems like a meaningful distinction. Notably, ownership of land (by extension, resources) was historically decided by brute force, not by free economic transactions. Contenders killed each other until one got tired of the killing and acknowledged the claim of the winner.
That's funny, but also makes me wonder how you get contracted to do logos for things like this. Based strictly on her LinkedIn, she doesn't work for Google. Maybe a friend of someone? Kind of a cool gig though.
For me, at least, the problem is something else. I never expected it to be "special" at any of these places...I'd likely be exactly this unhappy doing the same meaningless work I'm doing here, elsewhere. I just took the jobs because they paid well and, at least at the beginning, I was going to be doing things that were of reasonable interest.

I tried the "take time off route" once, and while it was alright, I was consumed with thoughts of whether or not I'd ever be able to get a job again, to the point where I couldn't enjoy it simply because I worried about the future (and it wasn't because I only had a few months of runway - living frugally I could have likely stretched my savings to two years or so, but the panic got to me after half a year).

I, quite frankly and totally honestly, don't see any way out at this point. I live life in an aimless fog, with no drive towards anything any more (which also makes it very difficult to do things like study for whiteboard-hazing).
We should quote OpenBSD's Theo de Raadt here, all the way back from 2007:

"x86 virtualization is about basically placing another nearly full kernel, full of new bugs, on top of a nasty x86 architecture which barely has correct page protection. Then running your operating system on the other side of this brand new pile of shit."

https://marc.info/?l=openbsd-misc&m=119318909016582&w=2
I have had good success with Binance. Just like Azurras said buy on CoinBase (BTC / ETC) and deposit to Binance so you can make the purchase of XRP.
Indeed, I am male, and this is very rare among males (or females) of my age.
I travel about 400 miles per month by car in a vehicle that gets 25mpg. That's 16 gallons/month or 281.6lb of CO2 per month.

What's the break-even on how many lbs of CO2 I'd have to pump into the atmosphere before it was more environmentally friendly to produce an entire new automobile with 800lbs of batteries?
> we've had enough of that shit here 70 years ago.

you had a military dictatorship. it couldn't be opposed or contested by anyone, because you and/or your family would just be killed.

german citizens couldn't stop the killing any more than russians could stop millions from being killed.

that was the fundamental problem. dictators do as they please. criminalizing the speech of random bob under a democratic government isn't doing much of anything, and these laws mean nothing to a dictator.

what actually matters is having a democratic government that is beholden to the citizenry. if anything this speech criminalization is a theater of sorts that makes you less safe.
Given the choice between a government-owned monopoly and a private monopoly, why would you choose the latter?
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16065845
And this is why government projects are essentially doomed to fail versus capitalism, in the long-view.
The Google Security Blog post actually says that the open development did not cause the early breakdown of the embargo in the last 1-2 hours, but

> We are posting before an originally coordinated disclosure date of January 9, 2018 because of existing public reports and growing speculation in the press and security research community about the issue, which raises the risk of exploitation. The full Project Zero report is forthcoming.
This is a great point, but also if the MTA builds a subway which increases land value, then the city will get an increase in property tax as the property value has increased, thereby effectively getting increased tax revenue from the subway.

Nonetheless the point you make is valid, and I think either there needs to be a separate specific property tax linked to the subway increasing value, or a portion of the property tax increase from a stop being built needs to be earmarked for the subway. Probably the former.
If you're willing to tinker, you can get a Intel NUC that has 4k support. You'd prob just need to figure out a way to swap out the heatsink for something fanless.
Free men are not equal; equal men are not free.
> So it's your contention that Intel never guaranteed that ring 0 protected memory couldn't be read by code running in ring 3.

Assuming by "read" you mean "inferred", yes, I'm not aware of any such guarantee, but again, I of course have't read everything they have published, so by all means prove me wrong.
I made a fortune on Ripple this year. I wasn't doing amazingly financially, but I invested about 50k of my savings into it over 3 months because it sounded like an amazing idea. I did that in May, and just recently sold. It's been a hell of a ride, and I plan to continue to invest in other cryptos that sound interesting to me.

RaiBlocks is next on my list, but I'm still trying to find a good point to get in.

Edit: To make it clear, I had never invested in crypto before last year.
I unironically find this much easier to read HN with. Especially with dead or downvoted comments. The hearts are just a bonus.
What are the odds that the NSA already knew about this? Roughly 100%?
> Latency through loopback on my machine takes 0.07ms. Latency to the machine sitting next to me is 5ms.

Uh, latency in local gigabit net is a LOT lower than 5ms.

> We're actually (and to think, today I trotted out that joke about what you call a group of nerds--a well, actually) talking multiple orders of magnitude through which kernel traps are being amplified.

I've measured it through network as well, and the impact is smaller, but still large if you just increase the number of connections a bit.
My arm chair opinion as a millennial that rides a bicycle to work every day, knows nothing about cars, and has no interest in buying an electric car any time soon:

The Bolt looks like a great car for a dorky family man while the Model S is a totally different market. Families have different needs than luxury car owners, and it's likely that these needs are not being effectively met by EVs such as the Bolt despite the a universal consensus that from car critics that the Bolt is an exceptionally good vehicle.
Project Zero is very well known for things exactly like this. Partially, it's because they are incredibly talented, but there are also talented people in academia and in other security consultancies. The biggest difference with Project Zero is that their primary [0] goal is altruistic: find vulnerabilities, and let people who can fix them know (vs publishing papers, securing paying clients, auctioning zero-days, etc), in the interests of making the internet and computing as a whole a safer place.

[0] Their secondary goals are to protect Google products and services, and to provide excellent PR in line with what we're discussing right here.
If NYC subway was privately owned by a (natural) monopoly, and profitable because the population critically depends on it and pays their fare, why would a private company upgrade it?

CA electricity was privatized, and we got Enron.
I won't run a closed source ad blocker. Whatever my hypothetical nefarious self sees is the limit which triggers heavy-calc check, I'll just split my insns across requestAnimationFrame/setTimeout just beneath it. The cat-and-mouse game of ad blockers really should be no problem for the adversary (the ad companies) if they just put some thought and engineering into it.
> removes the need for guests to mitigate

Google says guests need to upgrade.

"Compute Engine customers must update their virtual machine operating systems and applications so that their virtual machines are protected from intra-guest attacks and inter-guest attacks that exploit application-level vulnerabilities."

"Compute Engine customers should work with their operating system provider(s) to download and install the necessary patches."

https://support.google.com/faqs/answer/7622138#gce
Short little read describing the design philosophy behind miata.

https://insidemazda.mazdausa.com/the-mazda-way/mazda-spirit/...
Hot potato.
> It's easier for Tesla to find someone skilled in car manufacturing than it is for other manufacturers to build the brand demand that Tesla has.

If supply was not a problem Tesla would still not sell as many automobiles as other brands. Ford sold something like 5 million automobiles in 2016. The Model 3 has 1/10 that in preorders.

Tesla has a great brand in EVs, and Tesla has great market growth, but it has to double several more times until it reaches the established demand other car companies enjoy.

I'm bearish on Tesla. Everyone ships more units then Tesla. Japanese companies are outselling Tesla on EV units. German companies are 1-3 years behind on luxury EV units in terms of quality.

I'm hedging my bet by considering the gigafactory. If we see 5 gigafacotries by 2022 they'll have a significant position in the entire CE & EV industry for decades.
One application is that it's fairly cheap to take `n mod p` when `p` is on the form $2^q-1$. In particular

x ≡ x mod 2^q + ⌊x/2^q⌋ (mod p).

If you are making a hash function, and need to take mod a prime, this is useful.

Another application of slightly larger Mersennes is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_Twister
>Aside: does anyone know the legal status of training a DL model on copyrighted content?

How would anyone know that it happened?
I would not label it bad practice. Honestly, I'm not sure if there is a simple rule to decide what is good or bad. Using an ORM is not necessarily mixing in DB interactions.

Here is an example from the Django documentation [0]:

selected_choice.votes += 1
selected_choice.save()

The offender in my eyes is the save() method call. The first line is business logic, but the second line has nothing to do with business logic. It might be slightly better to hide the database interaction in the object itself, create a special method, and change the two lines into:

selected_choice.increaseVotes(1)

As a counter argument, I dislike code which hides database accesses, because that easily leads to code which does way to many of them and thus is unnecessarily slow.

[0] https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/intro/tutorial04/
Likely it was his only option. Delaying shipping the car by 6 or 12 months (arbitrarily-chosen numbers) was simply a non-starter for, I'm sure, cashflow reasons.

Even if this means it takes 2-3x as long to get up to full production rate, from an investor standpoint, this was likely a necessary evil.
Elon, Aka Satoshi ;-)
Why would you let them in? The point is to fight so you won't have to deal with them in any shape or form and any profit that will come of this endeavour will all go to the municipal coffers.
In a way, these dynamics remind me of the movie theater business. Here's a good read:

https://25iq.com/2017/12/30/moviepass-premature-scaling/

Given that music is generally not a substitutable good, margins can only be so strong on the core streaming product to your very point. I'm not really aware of any other revenue stream they may have (do they do ads?) and am curious what they might propose. Presumably they do have enough scale to be possible successful with something tied to monetizing their user data whether through ads or some other value-added service?
After reading that thread, I sort of wonder if this is the catalyst for the next tech bust. Prices on the basic building block of the modern tech industry (a server shard) going up 30%, or even more as shared/virtual services must be decommissioned for isolation? Surely it’s an alarmist thing to think and I don’t think it’s likely, but if you asked me yesterday the likeihood of an underlying security vulnerability effecting every processor since 1995 I’d have said probably not.

Major props to the teams working on this... now time for us all to hold onto our pants as we ask for budget increases that will make shareholders demand blood.
4.14.11 is the only stable kernel as of this writing.
2017 (relies on earlier studies cited.)
The Big Vitamin D Mistake
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5541280/
That would be easy if this were a mediterranean town, rather than northern suburbia. I do know my immediate neighbours, but going knocking farther away would look extremely weird, and possibly considered unwelcome in this brexit age. There are no shops immediately close (a big and very convenient supermarket made sure of that).

I do appreciate the method, I just find hard to believe that it can be put in practice in realities like mine.
From my understanding, most of the benefit of this BART extension will be for East Bay commuters (areas in the south, like Milpitas and Fremont, in particular) who are more likely to work in the South Bay than in San Francisco.

Caltrain presumably will remain the fastest option from San Jose, at least if regressive enclaves like Atherton don't delay the improvements for the high-speed rail project.

Getting the fiefdoms to coordinate is the Bay's eternal transit problem, however.
MoviePass. Premature Scaling?
"Recent reports that these exploits are caused by a “bug” or a “flaw” and are unique to Intel products are incorrect."

The 'and' in this sentence makes this assertion correct and is very deceptive.
I hoped they might discuss the supposed decrease in performance that the patches introduce (I imagine they did some testing) but I guess they're leaving it up to their users to discover whether their instances are slower now.
Based on the feedback I'm aware of from moderators, posting comments specifically about the political issue of press freedom would be very much frowned upon.
How Airlines Price Flights
With a memory set of about 1 month.
Worth noting that in this case, many of the authors are in academia. It wasn't solely a Google project.
Groove Music is literally dead. Play Music is buried on the Play Store somewhere as if Google doesn't want people to access it. Seriously, I had to do a Google search to find it. Its UI is not as good as Spotify (in my opinion) and the service doesn't seem like a priority for Google.

I haven't tried Apple Music and Amazon.

Spotify on the other hand has a decent desktop app available on Windows, macOS and even Linux. Their mobile app is great, too. They have brand power, a UI that a lot of people like and their AI-based playlist engine is amazing.
Songs about killing people are generally not banned because of Volksverhetzung. That law is specific about the 3 things I listed in me comment above. (3) is a very strong requirement because it means the song must be theoretically able to disturb the peace in germany, eg. incite riots or something equally drastic. Theres not much that can do that.

Songs about killing minorities might be banned, but then it's still about context. Artists generally have a lot of room and when they write stuff like that theres usually satire in play. Which would propably be okay. I don't know about any artists that got hit with Volksverhetzung.

On the other hand, I'd expect Songs about killing to get hit by youth protection laws which means they can't be played on the radio, can't be advertised and can't be sold to minors.
The register has more details. Worth a read.
The inequality that the "wealth equalizing" institutions are intended to prevent end up becoming another cause of inequality. One only look as far as the former Soviet Union. They had "wealth equalizing" institutions as well which created a new privileged class of elites. Those elites were those who owned and operated the "wealth equalizing" institutions.

The article's assertion "extreme wealth inequality is inevitable in a globalizing world unless effective wealth-equalizing institutions are installed on a global scale" is wrong. These institutions would end up creating a new layer of inequality.

The article's premise, therefore, should have been: "wealth inequality is inevitable", full stop.