skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Non-availability is what makes them expensive. It's kind of two sides of the same coin. If the slots were widely available, they wouldn't be a valuable asset. They are a valuable asset only because they aren't available.

The point of looking at the monetary value is that it's a way to quantify how unavailable they are. Land costs money. Where land is scarce, it becomes expensive. Where land is abundant, it's cheap. If landing slots can be acquired cheaply, it means there is availability.

It looks like EasyJet bought their Berlin Tegel operation for €40M including 25 leased A320s. Most likely the landing permits weren't that valuable. Lufthansa is taking on 81 aircraft for €210.

Let's say that each plane has 2 slot-pairs per day. That's €800k/slot for EasyJet and €1.3M for Lufthansa. But let's say half of the value was the staffing and leases.

Land costs money even when it's not in a popular location. If landing slots command a certain amount of money, that's not a bad thing. It gets bad (bad enough that you want a work around) when they become very expensive.

For example, let's say the A380 takes 2x the passengers of a 787. Let's say that based on passenger load, fuel, profitability of point-to-point over hub-and-spoke, etc. flying the A380 costs you $2M more per year than flying two 787s. Well, it looks like you can get a landing permit for well under $1M so it makes more sense to buy the landing permit off someone else.

Things are generally available, even if scarce, for a price. Airlines are choosing the 787 to optimize for their profit and including the scarcity and cost of landing slots as part of that. At most airports, it seems they're available for reasonable amounts of money.

--

In terms of Airbus not being able to not do the A380, do you mean that they had to create a 747 competitor to be prudent or that they had to build the A380?

You might be right that, based on the information and the market at the time, prudence might have demanded a response to the 747. But did it demand building something bigger? Maybe they could have build something marginally smaller than a 747 and been better off.

Airbus had a dream that a much larger aircraft than a 747 would be a winner. It is for certain routes, but not most. For most routes, companies wanted a smaller 747 and Boeing gave that to them in the 787.

At the time, I remember it looking like Airbus was going to get a win with the A380 and that the 787 would be the mistake. Turns out that larger didn't work out.
ha, same upgrade here (6 Plus to X). The swipes are the one area where the notch is almost a feature: swipe down from left of notch - notifications; swipe down from right of notch - control center. Doing it in landscape is doable but sometimes I'm not 100% certain it is going to end up where I want it.

I'm very pleased so far. I was tired of having the larger phone yet wanted the better camera. Do I know if it is was worth the price premium? Not sure, but it seems I had a choice between two of three items in price, performance, and size. I chose performance and size.
Yeah and if you're gonna go matrix matrix you might as well do the QR method
We will take a look, thanks for trying it :)
That's how it is when the Federal Reserve creates an asset bubble to deal with an asset bubble collapse.

This is NOT something a capitalist country should be doing. It's not the job of government to make your investments work out. It's YOURS.
And they will persist long after. Is the author part of debate on HN, as we are performing here? Or do they just skim articles out of habit?

My argument is that this person is missing connecting with other people.
> some are calling it "Distributed Ledger"

Friend runs settlement infrastructure for a large bank. It's not sexy work. He has to fight for his budget. His TL; DR with a lot of this is it has made getting necessary infrastructure upgrade approvals easier.

Been needing to unify wire confirmations with some esoteric trade settlement system? Talk about Ripple. Adding real-time functionality to a net settlement system? It's a "distributed ledger". Boss gets a press release and maybe a glowing write-up, IT gets its kit.
The new twins collect telemetry data from the entire flight. Maintenance is scheduled based on cumulative stresses on the engine and not on miles flown.

They end up going longer between service windows (reduced labor) but it also means they’re more of a known quantity and shouldn’t fall off over the Atlantic. And as we’ve discussed many times in SpaceX threads, having more moving parts may increase the likelihood of a failure instead of reducing it.

So you have bigger engines, more efficient airframes, fewer moving parts, and better maintenance records, why not fly them over the ocean with only two engines?
You can create “Routines” on the Echo (like IFTTT procedures). You could easily create one for “Alexa turn on all lights” that triggers all of your smart home lights regardless of brand.
> Rich Hickey did not invent 'first' and 'rest'.

No one claimed Hickey invented first and rest, or even implied it. The point is not that first and rest didn't exist, but that car and cdr DID. Clojure deliberately left them out, as a design choice. For good or ill, that's the point.
> Unless we decide, and rely on, various insurrections, rebellions and regime changes to change the system in some countries such that there's always a third world economy to take advantage of.

> (Unless we specifically cause it to be so through political maneuvering and war, but I like to think that's crackpot territory...).

When you look at the history of the world and consider current geopolitical situation, what leads you to believe that's crackpot territory?
An optimistic answer would be that blockchains are highly scalable, trustworthy systems of record that provide a number of benefits over a traditional database.

A pessimistic answer would be that blockchains are the latest buzz tech.
I don't think they were created intentionally. The algorithms give people what they want, and it turns out that people don't want to be challenged on their opinions. It'd be like how if an algorithm was trained to optimize for deliciousness, it would probably create something super unhealthy.
What you describe is not unlike the coin debasement that occurred during the latter period of the Roman Empire. However, unlike coin debasement, forking a cryptocurrency imposes no requirement to actually use it.
I watched this talk (as well as "Part 2": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1obZeHnAwz4), and it was great. One of the best introductions to lock-free programming that I've found.

Together with "Part 2", this talk mostly covers "Acquire" and "Release" semantics with regards to C++ Atomics. But the discussion points are sufficiently general that I'm certain any programmer will find it relevant.

Lock-free Multithreaded Programming is a mysterious art that requires good knowledge of memory barriers and the like. Its rare to find a video, such as this one, that so clearly goes over the concepts.
i am NOT TECH SAVY at all and am about to Purge all Apple products. My IMAC is sooooooo slow now.......Freezes..... Mouse cursor not available etc.... And NO not so stupid to not have check the batteries.......
Can I save my IMAC?
Congratulations and thank you.

If you want to see concrete progress thanks to Dustin and Open Phil, read about Target Malaria, one of the research organizations.

I am seeing firsthand the need in Southeast Asia: an emerging drug-resistant "super-malaria" is spreading along the Mekong and is impossible to treat with standard medicine.

Big U.S. pharma has no answer for this, and the problem is accelerating. I believe Open Phil and similar independent science funding orgs can give us all a major avenue of research to help save many lives.

http://time.com/4960649/super-malaria-southeast-asia/

https://targetmalaria.org/
How does someone having wealth stop anyone else from acquiring theirs? You may start out with less but there's nothing stopping you. Also all those capital investments are helping the companies and funds they're invested in, one of which could be your very own employer/startup/pension fund, etc.
Remember that Boeing killed off a trans-sonic plane and decided to build the 787 instead. They weren’t always sure this was the only way to go. I think the economy tanking and fuel costs rising made the decision for them.
Dear author..

"blockchain"... you keep using that word, I do not think it means what you think it means.
If I can't turn off notifications then I just uninstall the app. I uninstalled Facebook and Messenger because of this. I had been using the Facebook mobile site just fine for years, but this fall decided to stop checking that too...
It's interesting to contrast the distaste and horror for microservices in this thread with the respect commonly shown for Erlang and similar systems.

Isn't an erlang actor basically a microservice, or perhaps nanoservice? Is the difference simply that the Erlang runtime takes care of logistical issues like addressing, marshalling, and deployment that are big time sinks in a "normal" microservice architecture?
It might be an atypical route, but LHR slot costs and unavailability can certainly wipe out putative passenger mile cost advantages...
Just tell me how to claim these new coins and convert them to BTC once they are worth a bit (price usually spikes just after the fork). I'm extremely sceptical of altcoins which fork off of the Bitcoin blockchain, but welcome the free contribution to my retirement fund.
In the US, at least, we are Constitutionally entitled to the equal protection of the law. So no, communities don’t get to make laws that explicitly privilege their own residents.

That’s why the Bay Area operates through proxies like building permits and rent control - explicit immigration restrictions are a violation of citizens’ rights and would be easily smacked down in court.

It doesn’t matter how convenient it would be to control migration - if you want to do that, you need to secede. The American community has rights that supersede your neighborhood’s.
Damn, computational linguistics sounds amazing.
> 7-day-old

How many days should I wait until I'm allowed to post here? I didn't realize that the age of an account was relevant here, unless the account was clearly a puppet account used for spamming or posting highly inflammatory comments. Mentioning the age of my account reminds me of the old days of internet forums when posters with thousands of posts (the post count and account age being displayed under their avatar) would throw their high post counts and high account ages around in an attempt to stifle viewpoints they disagreed with.

> pro-GOP

I despise the GOP.

> anti-Obama rhetoric

Literally one other "anti-Obama" comment aside from this one, neither of which had much "rhetoric" in my opinion, and both of which were received positively in the form of upvotes. Also you failed to mention my negative comments towards W and McCain.

> almost exclusively

I could probably look through your comments and find something you almost exclusively use your account for but I'd rather just respond to your comment on its merits/lack of merits alone.
Webserver written in awk using ncat
PQ crypto has to be secure against a scalable quantum computer i.e. one that can be increased to attack arbitrarily large keysizes. Building a quantum computer with enough qbits to attack RSA2048 is not a problem if there is no known way to increase the number of qbits to attack RSA3072 -- but if you can keep adding more qbits, then we need a post-quantum algorithm.

The interest in post-quantum crypto is mainly in public-key systems, because for symmetric key systems you can essentially double the key size to achieve the same security level. In other words, AES256 is as secure against a quantum computer as AES128 is against a classical computer. On the other hand, quantum algorithms break RSA and DLOG (include ECDLOG), so the research has been on new approaches to public key crypto that seem hard for quantum computers. For example, the Learning With Errors (LWE) problem:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_with_errors
Cassandra is real world proven tech with many actual, observable implementations "in the wild."

What even is a "blockchain," not in the context of something like bitcoin? How does a blockchain even work within a single organization? However it may or may not work, the dynamics involved would seem to make it qualitatively different from something like a bitcoin blockchain.

So you're asking for a comparison between something that does exist and something that doesn't. And in fact something that can never exist, if we are going to stick to the convention of treating names as more or less unique identifiers of a certain set of characteristics.
Would a GIT repo work better than a blockchain for a large bank?
Pamela Anderson Hidden in Lecroy Wavepro Oscilloscope Firmware
they are just trying to make it like blockchain is not a big deal, hey we all have blockchain, saw it in an interview too.
When two banks transfer money, there's no concrete thing being moved or transmitted. It pretty much just involves bank B telling bank A "You hereby have $100k of my cash". So A needs some kind of global ledger to keep track of how much cash B actually has, and double check whether it's already told C, D, E that they have all of it.

There's no reason in principle a blockchain is better at solving this problem than a trusted central bank. But if the existing central bank is moving slowly or has annoying policies, it's much easier to bootstrap a blockchain than bootstrap a new trusted authority.
Because that's what people are buying and selling Bitcoin at.

The Bitcoin market functions like any other market. There are people who come in and say "I am willing to buy Bitcoin at $13,000", while others say "I'm willing to sell Bitcoin at $15,000".

This disagreement between the two parties is called the "bid-ask spread". There is ALWAYS two prices. In this toy example, the bid-ask spread is $2000 (I've made up numbers to exaggerate the effect, and make it easier to think about). Even Stocks have a bid-ask spread (although its common measured in pennies). It doesn't matter, if people are buying and selling things... whether it be houses, stocks, bitcoins, currencies, bonds... there is always a Buyer and a Seller, and initially at least, they disagree about the price. (The buyer always has a starting bid at a value lower than the seller is asking for)

The "last value" that has been traded (which is when a buyer 'gives in' and buys at what a seller is "asking" for... or when a seller 'gives in' and sells at what a buyer is "bidding"), is what is reported. And that just changes all the time.

Short term market prices of a security are strongly a function of psychology. People see a graph, lines, and numbers and internally decide that's the price of a good.

----------

For more "realistic" number of Bitcoin's market depth, keep an eye on market depth charts. It provides way more information on "why" the price has settled down on a particular value.

https://bitcoincharts.com/markets/bitstampUSD_depth.html

At the moment, with a BTC order of ~1BTC, the bid/ask spread is roughly $100. We see that there are a lot more Bids at the $14000 mark, probably because its a "nice round number" and humans like to bid in round numbers. There aren't any round numbers on the Ask-side, so the market liquidity upwards is a bit shallower.
Yeah the explanation for the side button tap should be considered a straight up bug — I had to google what to do.
We see the world differently. IE what was a 100 IQ, 100 years ago would be sub standard today because we have new ways of thinking that allow us to do better abstraction. Plus the we've changed how we see the world. Blue is a relatively new color. It is a recent distinction between what most cultures saw as green.
Ask HN: Vespa vs. Elasticsearch?
If I want to build a kind of search engine, what will be a better choice: Vespa.ai or Elasticsearch?
If I am not mistaken the original title was about Bitcoin.
It's amazing how many programs try and fail horribly at reinventing org mode every.single.month. If anyone got even slightly interested in this project take a look at emacs's org mode, you won't be disappointed.
The creation of wealth, in various forms, is what adds "value" to the economy; rich people ending up owning/controlling that wealth isn't the same thing as those rich people having created that wealth.

Edit: Don't passive-aggressively revel in victimhood. If you feel misunderstood, explain better - don't blame your audience.
I think that formal verification is going to be size limited. seL4 is a microkernel which means small, about 9000 LOC. I don't think xen at 150,000 is within the abilities of verification. So it's promising for small stuff.
Ruby on Rails: HTTP, MVC and Routes
Ah. wow. At the time I had a mouse it didn't work that way. Nowadays I use trackpoint only and even have no physical mouse at all. But that's good to know there's a progress. Thx.
One of the Penny Arcade guys once related an anecdote about when he worked in a telemarketing call center. In this case, all the phone numbers he had were from people who had signed up for an anti-telemarketing service, which had then sold their list to telemarketers. He said that the people he called, understandably, usually responded with snarling rage unusual even by the standards of people getting telemarketing calls. The moral is, when people specifically take determined action to avoid you, and you go out of your way to circumvent them and reach them anyway, they're not going to be especially receptive or warm.

I think publishers deploying anti-adblock technology are making a similar mistake. When someone takes action not to see ads, do you really think they're going to respond well when you deploy trickery to show them ads anyway? Are they going to be especially well-disposed to your brand, or are they going to be filled with determined hatred for you? This is a losing proposition.
In practice this is numerically unstable and it's generally better to use methods that use a larger and orthogonal subspace (i.e. Krylov methods) to get multiple eigenvalue/vectors. In nuclear reactor problems you can maybe get about 5 eigenvalues by filtering the larger ones but after that it gets noisy fast. I've gotten up to 1000 good eigenvalues from a large neutron diffusion problem using Arnoldi.
Alternative - Boostnote.App https://boostnote.io/
out of control wealth inequality precedes economic collapse.

Pollution is the clear example, I think. The more money I have, the more money I can make by polluting. If I capture below a certain threshold of the benefits of pollution, then the personal cost to me of pollution outweighs any benefit I might receive, and I'm disincentivized from polluting. The more wealth inequality there is, the more frequently scenarios in which pollution is profitable to me occur. Compounding this problem, pollution increases wealth inequality on its own. It creates health burdens and lowers output. It's expensive for society. So I end up profiting while everyone else takes a loss, thereby increasing wealth inequality.

Democratic government helps a great deal with this problem (although simple majority is insufficient to offset it entirely, even with ideal information), but democratic governments themselves become polluted by exactly the same decision making processes.
Experiment with different ways to accept and process multi-layered "needs" for users. From text strings, to visual interface, to autosuggest. Trying sentence breakdown structure, with word2vec, topic breakdowns, graphs. Do you have suggestions on the most accurate NLP or best UX interfaces, or best storage architecture to try?
* Wrote "Professional PHP".

* Wants to become a better developer.

I can see why.
Automated proof is what you get with SparkAda. With the 2014 version you get executable contracts (thanks to DbC added to Ada2012) and lots of help from the gnatprove tool (that acts as a frontend - meaning it implements all runtime checks the compiler implements - to why3 or other provers or static analysis tools - see the inclusion of codepeer recently). Then once you've generated all the verification conditions you run z3, cvc4, alt-ergo... You define the amount of effort you're allowing and if they fail to prove your VCs you get immediate feedback (in your dev IDE) and you drill down to 'why' and 'how to help the prover' quickly once you've spent some time doing it (most of the time it bogs down to 'state your unstated assumptions'). And if you're not lucky but still motivated you can quickly jump into Coq or Isabelle with your VCs.

They're very pragmatic. They went for a subset of Ada, that is deemed 'provable' but still largely useable. You get lots of nice typing features and RT checks in Ada.

Still some difficult areas : aliasing, floating point, and user-friendliness, but still the tech is working.

As for generics that's the tactic SparkAda adopted. It's disturbing at first ('they went the lazy way !') but it's pragmatic and it works great. In fact some times you'd be inclined to transform a procedure, function or package to a generic, because with the correct restricted, specific types and parameters the proof effort is easier.

We're at a point where proof of absence of runtime error is almost achievable by mere programmers. We'll be asking soon 'do we go for test+fuzzing+quickcheck for robustness or proof ?'.

As for automation, they're always working on small but useful stuff. The latest one I can think about is loop unrolling. Might look funny but writing loop invariants and variants is tedious. They're slowly (lead bullets) working up small automation steps.
I don’t like it, but WhatsApp does that.
This doesn't really seem to address my question directly?
Admit? Like it's a secret he's trying to cover up?

Apple people simply don't care. They know Apple's "late." (Inasmuch as someone else has done a similar thing, or used a similar piece of tech "first".) Because Apple is almost always late.

Late to touch. Late to smartphones. Late to fingerprint readers. Late to face identification. Late to attention detection. Late to wireless charging. Late to big screens. Late to music streaming. Late to video services. Late to the TV. Late to the wrist. Late to the wireless headphones. etc.
Is it just me or is their published compensation algorithm not competitive at all? I put in my information and it had me at a ~40k pay cut which seems silly.
This isn't interesting at all, and should not be a headline in a respectable newspaper. The wealth gains are on par with market gains. The absolute dollar value of the gains is almost certainly not headline worthy. The richest individuals lost trillions a few years ago in the crash, they gain trillions in a boom. That's exactly what one would expect.

I'm fiercely opposed to the regressive turn the economy has taken, but I'm just as fiercely opposed to hysterical garbage journalism. We won't correct the broken social contract by heaping nonsense upon injustice.

I'm all ears for constructive policies to tie earnings for the least wealthy to market gains, since the real problem is lack of ability to invest wages in the market, but I don't see that on offer here.