skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I can follow your reasoning, but: 1) just because something is digital does not make it worthless, 2) those gold use cases are really exaggerated when it comes to price setting. Gold derives its value mostly from the fact people say it is valuable, not from jewellery and industrial purposes.

One way to think about it: you have video games. There are marketplaces where people can buy and sell digital skins / clothes / gold etc. Every year, people buy and sell for more than $50bn in digital goods through these marketplaces. Ten years ago, I sold a top notch World of Warcraft character for a sizeable amount of money. Are all these people crazy? Maybe.

But how is value of these items set? Supply and demand and network effects. Why did a World of Warcraft character sell for €10,000 easily 10 years ago, and now it goes for a fraction of that? Less people are playing the game.

The same applies to cryptocurrencies -- you have two major cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin and Ethereum. Bitcoin has limited use cases, and yet, most of money flows into it, due to its network effect and brand recognition. It has all the properties of gold, that you also described. It was created in the image of gold.

You could create something similar no doubt. But would it get traction? Unlikely. These are for the most part winner takes all markets for a specific value proposition. For Bitcoin, it's digital gold. Ethereum is smart contracts, etc.

I'm not saying investing in crypto is a sure thing. It is very risky and speculative -- a bet on the future, with great upside if things work out. But at the current stage crypto is in (at least Bitcoin and Ethereum), in comparison to say a high risk investment in a startup or in a risky small cap stock, it seems (to me at least) to be a less riskier when looking at the potential upside.

If it doesn't end up being digital gold, it will most likely be worthless. But institutional money wouldn't be looking at buying in if they didn't think there was a decent chance of success.

Again, not investment advice, just a personal opinion.
Getting Started with Angular 5 Service Workers
It is likely he will earn a good amount of money for having accepted to be the scape goat instead of VW.
Exactly this. I recently cancelled my renewal after years of justifying the payment as the best way to support a service I like but I don't miss any of the premium features at all. I think I only ever use one or two and rarely.
No, they’re not.

Regarding ISPs creating original content, they have tried that and the quality of their stuff just couldn’t stand next to Google, Facebook, etc.

I think we all know a relative who used the “install CD” that came with their 2000s-era ISP and ended up with a junk homepage & browser toolbars, and “ask Jeeves” as their default search engine.
There is a test in the BTC1 repository to play with different blockchain scenarios here: https://github.com/btc1/bitcoin/blob/segwit2x/qa/rpc-tests/b...
Yet there's a movement here https://github.com/HoTT/HoTT where they do everything in Coq.
In this case the problem isn't with the executive though, but in congress (where's the outrage from our representatives?).

Actually my senator is outraged, but he doesn't have a big telco presence in his state. Congress certainly has the power to stop this.
Either Stars Are Strange, or 234 Alien Species Are Trying to Contact Us
We usually penalize event announcements as not intellectually interesting but since this thread is turning into something more general, I took off the penalty.
Yale researchers conducted an experiment to turn conservatives into liberals
You seem to think there's this thing called the "functional denotation" that functional programmers really care about. I've never heard that term before. Google seems to suggest it's something in natural language semantics and nothing to do with functional programming.

Functional programmers care about all sorts of semantics, including operational and denotational semantics. I see no reason the sorts of analysis you give in your Java examples couldn't equally be applied to functional programs not least because functional programs can be trivially rewritten as imperative ones (see CBPV).
are you implying that google or facebook create original content?
The answer to that question is very iffy. I don't feel I can answer it. I'll just say that injection into the caldera during a period of uplift due to magma movement is a bad idea.
> What's really amazing to me is that Stephen Kleene probably proved this without the help of a computer, but I was able to verify it with the highest possible scrutiny. It's as if he wrote an impressive program without ever having run it, and it turned out not to have any bugs!

This offhand comment (which we can all forgive) makes it seem like mathematics happens in a vacuum. I can understand the temptation to think that way, and I hope I can make it clear that this is not the case.

General theorems typically grow out of a set of representative examples of interesting behavior (unit tests, if you will), are judged by their relationship to other mathematical objects and results (integration tests), and are reviewed by other mathematicians (user acceptance tests).

Mathematicians don't just write down a proof and cross their fingers. The proof is often one of the last steps. There is a high-level intuition that explains why a theorem or proof sketch is probably true/correct before a formal proof is found. These explanations are usually compact enough to help one re-derive proof ("X doesn't have enough 'space' to fill Y, and Z tracks that gap", or something like that), but aren't formal enough to put into any formal logic system I know of.
My personal methodology is to alternate between iterative development and large refactors. I do very little testing during the large refactor, and test as thoroughly as possible afterwards.
With salaries not rising enough to keep up with inflation, the money ends up at the top.
OSX is the worst OS to work with.

Besides the fact that it severely limits your hardware choices, it's got terrible window management, terrible file management and trying to operate it with just a keyboard is an exercise in futility.

I'll take Windows or Linux any day over OSX, thanks very much.
Which Hadoop file format should I use
Depends on your plan, in the UK I've only recently shaken off a metered plan. And mobile plans are usually metered at about 1GB per month for something vaguely affordable.
There are two underlying things driving this issue :

1. Corporate greed (rational desire to maximize profits).

2. Individual greed (subscribers' rational desire to pay very little for their Internet connection).

You can get off the couch and find an ISP willing to give you a decent SLA and QoS guarantees but it'll cost you 10+X the price that the regular Joe's are willing to pay.
I'm with you. The OMG netflix had to pay someone for fast lanes because of extortion... So these fast lanes still exist today. And if a small company, lets say twitch.tv suddenly needs 37% of the internet bandwidth across the country - people are going to let it happen again.

The REAL net neutrality that needs to happen is in the search market. There are about 20 billion search terms now that will ONLY lead me to Etsy.com as the top search result. They didn't pay anyone for that, just people promoting Etsy. Same for Facebook, Amazon, Wikipedia, and a few others. What we have is a set of large websites that have taken over all result sets. It's actually impossible to start a new business that has a shopping cart outside of Etsy.com, Amazon.com, etc... How are we all allowing that to continue.
They asked for it but they didn't pay for it.
Windows 10 or Server 2016 1709 or higher.
Yes, each contract has someone on each side. With long-only futures ETFs and so on, large numbers of investors can get exposure to the futures markets, for example in physical commodities markets like petroleum and agricultural products, in the attempt to create diversity in their portfolios, and they usually want to go long, as if they were buying stocks, typically when the trend is up in the first place. Many economists believe that they then can help to exacerbate trends beyond a rational price (think, "bubble"). Hard evidence for this is inconclusive, but I personally tend believe it is quite possible.

So, for example, the price of oil may rise because of fundamentals (supply and demand for actual use), but this new source of passive, paper demand (trend-chasing long-only investors) can push the price farther than it could have gone otherwise. For example, $147/barrel West Texas crude oil was clearly impossible to sustain (and may have been the needle which finally made the financial markets go pop), but very possibly froth in the markets had helped pushed it up that far, because everyone wanted to get in on this amazing commodities super-cycle, and of course they wanted to be long. The supply and demand fundamentals were indeed bullish, but not up to $147, or, at the same time in 2007, $18/bushel of soybeans, a price that would imply widespread hunger.

Excuse me for going on like this, but it could be interesting to note that the justification for having speculators in futures markets at all is to provide liquidity to the markets and help in price discovery. That means, to me, that participants should go long or short with equal proclivity. Instead, many ETFs encourage stock and bond investors to take long-term, buy-and-hold style positions in the futures markets. There are short commodity ETFs, but they aren't popular like the longs. Therefore this class of speculator introduces too many longs, not enough shorts, often with the effect of distorting market movements, especially during trends.

Still, these aren't likely to be issues with bitcoin futures.
It's principally a hardware design. You can use it with whatever software you like.
I'm currently working through the material here:
https://github.com/pigworker/CS410-17
My question for the author: does implementing a proof formally in Coq honestly give you a better understanding of the theorem/proof?

It would seem to me that, if you're filling in details from an existing proof or making some existing formal (in the math sense) intuition more formal (in the Coq sense), there's not much deep insight to gain from implementing a proof in Coq.
Creating a React Component Library with Create React App and TypeScript
You partner with someone whom you 1) respect and 2) have worked with well in the past. I really don't understand how anyone could possibly partner with a stranger no matter how stellar their resume or how skilled they are.
To rephrase a quip, I have found often that RxJS and similar tooling is the worst way to get correct behavior... except for all the others.

More than once I have set down a path to avoid RxJS, because of the complexity of explaining it and bringing a new developer up to speed... and ended up writing more code and having more difficulty producing correct results.

My context is in web applications, SPAs. Typically with Angular, but I've used many tools in this space, including React, Redux, Cycle (which has its own Rx-like library), etc. The tricky part in all this is pervasive asynchronicity.

Here's an example. Looking back at the AngularJS era, most of the applications I have seen (including review of many of our big customers applications) have incorrect behavior in the case of servers with jittery response time. It is quite easy to make an event handler load some data, and miss the fact that the data arrives in a different order than it was requested. Very easy to avoid with RxJS. If anyone's interested in this bit, here's a video explaining the merit of RxJS even with AngularJS 1.x, before the adoption of RxJS in Angular 2+.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XY9VPrKuJaA
Important topic but strawman examples in many ways.

In most of the important cases, you will have never heard of what could have been.

Also, often the problem is that better ideas weren't developed as much as they could have been. That is, we look back and compare the inferior but dominant product that was revised and revised because of it's problems and dominance, and the superior but abandoned product in it's unimproved state, which is some sort of survivorship bias.

The OP has a point but it's exaggerated.
FRP is a constrained environment, which makes it easier to reason about. PHP is comparatively unconstrained, so when reading code you can’t make as many shortcut assumptions. Of course you could write in PHP in accordance to the rules, but subsequent maintainers, including the future you, cannot trust this self-imposed discipline. In other words, you wouldn’t argue that assembler is just fine because through vigor and discipline you can build PHP-like application. Similarly, PHP is not well-suited to stand in for FRP.
>The rx fallacy is to make you believe that programming at the most general abstract level is the best. It’s just wrong.

Citation needed.

>Whenever you abstract a data structure, you loose some meaning, some peculiarities that helps you understand what you’re doing.

That's obviously not true.

The whole idea is to abstract over peculiarities that are not needed (implementation details for example).

So, you "loose some meaning, some peculiarities that helps you understand what you’re doing" only some times (when you abstract badly) and not "whenever you abstract a data structure".

>Rx should be used by framework or low level libraries developers, to factor code. But it should be almost invisible to the api user.

That makes even less sense - having abstraction as the hidden lower level. The whole point of abstraction is giving a higher level interface.
The software of HN forbid to downvote the replies to a comment that a user has made, so seanmcdirmid was not able to downvote you. Someone else had to downvoted your comments.

[In case you are wondering, I didn't downvote you neither.]

[Also, complains about downvotes and accusations of downvotes are good methods to get more downvotes. See https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html ]
There are reports of such booms occurring around the world.
It's very odd, and no one seems to have any answers.
I'm just saying they may well be an outside species as opposed to a new one. There is certainly no new genetic material or variation that arose.
Sure, I agree. But I don't think it's fair to say he has the consent of the governed; rather that our system does not support that notion in any meaningful way. He is using his power against the will of the people explicitly.
"If a ISP's customer wants to spend 100% of their bandwidth talking to netflix (or anybody else), that's their business. Netflix is sending that data only because the ISP's customer's asked for it."

I'm not sure you can rebut (parents) hypothetical with an appeal to free markets ... since it is free markets in telecom service that net neutrality subverts for (what is, in my opinion) the greater good.

"An ISP isn't a shared commons. It's offering a service to transit data to/from other hosts on the internet, usually metered at either a fixed rate per unit time, or by the total carriage "weight" (bandwidth)."

Are you drawing a distinction between transit ISPs (like he.net, etc.) and last-mile providers (like Comcast) ? Because I thought the entire point of net neutrality was that an ISP was indeed, to some degree, a shared commons.
> Now try to get yourself one of these in North America.

No, don't. They are massively overpriced and underpowered even as the cheap crummy chinese imports, nevermind BCS. This is also true in Europe, so the idea that this is an American problem isn't well founded.

>A BCS or Grillo walk behind fully equipped (rototiller/rotary plow, decent sized engine, cultivator attachment, etc.) ends up being at least $10,000 worth of an investment

But you can get a far more capable garden tractor off of craigslist for $500. Tillers, plows, cultivators, etc run $100-300. Buying new is a huge waste of money. Just because it is possible to waste money, doesn't mean it is required. You can make a good living on a small farm if you treat it like a business, but lots of people treat it like an image they want to project. "Look at my expensive tractor, it costs more than your house" might make people feel good about themselves, but it will also make their business fail.
In my opinion, yes. I recently built a recent project in Rails 5 and it was rock solid. As your JS needs evolve or you want to start from scratch with a JS framework you can even use Webpacker to introduce Vue or React into your app easily and manage dependencies with Yarn.
>Justin Rhodes

75 acres is not a smallholding. And he makes his living selling "how to do the farming I pretend to do on youtube" courses, not farming.

>Joel Salatin

550 acres is really not a smallholding. At least he is actually a farmer though.
>charge customers more if necessary

Bingo!

But customers don't want to pay more and ISPs prefer to look for revenue from content providers since they're more motivated to pay.
Show HN: Pogo – Host your own podcasts
as a minimum first step you can switch addictions. Being a gym rat isn’t too awful.
Doesn't the new setup with container / VM require much more memory, as now you have to allocate it for every kernel?
That might be an argument against gradual refactors, but it is not an argument for doing large refactors in one pass, as it does not solve the underlying problem of running out of enthusiasm (or time, for that matter).
We should increase the punishment on all people surrounding criminals to achieve the same purpose.
Ask HN: Examples of short and ethical privacy policies
I am writing a privacy policy for a community website. I want it to be concise and to only use plain English. I want to highlight that no external tracking services are used and why this is important. Are there any good examples out there that I could use as a template?
Yes, technically we could wait 70 years and basically hope the supreme court judges at some later point see things our way and are less bought off oligarchic interests. I am even more sceptical of this outcome.
How does one, then, get an insight into the candidate's problem-solving ability in general?
The Airbnb for Affordable Housing Is Here
I don't have deep insight into the operation of HFC networks but I ran an ISP using fixed wireless communications technology and for that case what you say is 100% not true.
While your observation about bike shedding is a timeless one, what this tells us is how important it is to share a common goal. If you disagree what it is you want to accomplish, the discussions around the definitions and terms with which the project leader described the goal will be endless. Those discussions are not bike shedding, those are the basics of getting everyone involved on to the same page.
> You seem to think there's this thing called the "functional denotation" that functional programmers really care about. I've never heard that term before.

Oh, but that's because FP fans call it "referential transparency"; I'm sure you've come across that term. While the terminology is incorrect (for one, Java is also referentially transparent), when FP fans say "referential transparency", they mean "value semantics", i.e., that the meaning of a function application is its normal form, or, in other words, they simply mean "functional denotation". This is exactly what enables the equational reasoning FP fans like to talk about.

> I see no reason the sorts of analysis you give in your Java examples couldn't equally be applied to functional programs

They could (I know it's possible to write assertions in Haskell), but then they no longer operate on the denotation of the language. You can also use unsafePerformIO in Haskell, but if you do that, you may break the mental model the language aims to create.

> not least because functional programs can be trivially rewritten as imperative ones (see CBPV).

Again, they could, but not in a way that preserves the benefits for which the formalism was designed for. Similarly, pure functional programs could be written in Java, but that's not the idiomatic way.

To take us back to where we started, we are talking about language design, and while many languages can imitate the style of others, they are optimized for certain pragmatic and aesthetic concerns. That is my whole point.
This reminds me of an excellent talk on paramedic work at motorcycle road races in Northern Ireland given by the late Dr. John Hinds [1]. These guys crash into things at up to 200mph with unsurprisingly grisly results, which makes Dr. Hinds's calm technical descriptions and gallows humor all the more fascinating. What's especially crazy is that the paramedics have to ride motorcycles at 180mph+ to get to the crashed riders! (Northern Ireland didn't have helicopter ambulances at the time of the presentation).

I highly recommend the video. Hinds was an excellent speaker with an excellent sense of humor. The technical details of motorcycle injuries and their treatments are very interesting, but I think the coolest part is the proximity of the riders and doctors to catastrophe and how it leads to an integration of the morbid and the banal.

[1] https://youtu.be/MsZBXlTHPCg

(edited out repetitive phrasing)
You just sound lazy and apathetic. If you actually cared you would have worked with him. You could have done an in-person review where he briefs you on the bigger changes and then you can spin off and review the dead code removal and benign refactor pieces yourself. So what if it takes you an hour or two or four; it probably took him a few weeks. Let me guess, the PR was about 3-5k lines?

You can take as much time as you need in order to give a thorough review and express your frustration so that it's clear next time he should strive for something more manageable, but catagorically rejecting a large code change is just silly and juvenile.

This is why I hate agile. It's conditioning people to believe the only thing you can do to a codebase is incrementally add features. Sometimes the most meaningful or beneficial work comes in the form of broader systemic changes to a codebase.
Right, though I'm not sure what this has to do with our discussion? The issue was on the inherent conflict of interest for individuals who make their way to the top of politics through the system - through the experience that's supposed to be valued. In many ways the product is tainted before it even 'ripens.'
See also:

"new research into the effects of Modafinil has shown that healthy students could find their performance impaired by the drug."

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-11-smart-drugs-wont-peop...
>It's like you build an autobahn for everyone, and then one monster haulage company moves in and dominates the road, and the road isn't really as useful as envisaged

If everyone pays $x per minute for road time, why does it matter whether they navigate it via haulage company A only, or via haulage companies A, B, C, D, and E? It's still the same road time.

The dominance of Netflix is about video streaming being a disproportionately bandwidth-heavy form of internet use and about Netflix being the dominant player in the video streaming market. If it disappeared tomorrow Prime Video or someone else would rise to take its place.
There are some many things that are affected by locale environment variables (most of the time without documenting it explicitly), that this particular query is mostly useless.
>"The Tesla superchargers currently charge at around 2% a minute up until about 80% which is 40 minutes to hit 80%."

I am curious what exactly happens at 80%, does that 2% a minute rate drop off precipitously? If so what is the reason for that?
iCloud Bypass Activation iOS 11.1, 11.1.1, 11.1.2
Minor correction: the fac1 Haskell program could be transformed to have the same meaning as fac6, but not the same as fac5, nor to the generalization of 5 and 6 employing the free monad.