skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Perhaps a nitpick, but 256^3 doesn't really represent anything about human perception-- it's just how we store colors in computer memory. The human eye can perceive a far wider range of colors than any screen can (currently) represent. It's just as valid (and probably more accurate) to use floating point to store color (rather than bytes), and in many high-fidelity applications this is actually how it's done.

The bit about colors "looking different" in different contexts also isn't really an "extra axis". The example you give is just your brain (attempting to) separate out the illumination from the scene colors. The range of actual colors you can perceive isn't increased by this.

Fundamentally human color perception is three-dimensional, because humans have three classes of color receptors on their retinas. There are also rods in the retina (the cells that are color-insensitive and detect only brightness), and in principle they could inform color perception, but this does not seem to be the case-- the intensity of light only shifts things around in the original three-dimensional space.

There are also a very, very few people (women only) with genetic mutations that give them four different color receptors in their retina. However, there is no evidence that their brains can take advantage of this extra information and allow them to perceive an extra "axis" of color. It is much more likely that the "mutant" receptors are lumped in with the stimulus of one of the others, which will shift their perception of color, but not expand it.

In short: There are three axes of color perception. Optical illusions don't change that.
Mine too, eventually. I am surprised that the writer was unable to make even that very simple point clear.
> ... they didn’t want the OSSEC tools to be run to tell them if there were any vulnerabilities unless they were planning on doing OS patching. But the auditor had okayed it, so that was that.

Well, if they weren't going to bother patching anything anyways, there's really no point in running a vulnerability scan, I suppose.
I see this. I always assumed everyone did...
That depends on the repo. Some do not allow changes (short of the repo itself failing). Some allow only withdrawing versions, but no changes.

But yes, you should either commit deps, or have your own repo/caching-proxy which will neither change nor drop old versions.
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I love you.

(Edit, because my first reaction may appear creepy by itself. Your comment reads like that speech in `Good Will Hunting` on why he doesn't want to work for the NSA. Or anything written by Aaron Sorkin)
Yes you understood the conclusion correctly. The lowest risk of CVD is for people drinking 3-5 cups daily.
>- international agreements: when using standard post, only the sending country pays the costs - the receiving country is expected to finish the delivery essentially at their cost that they can reclaim on their own international mail cost

Yes, most of costs lie on the receiving country, which means USA.

Moreover, US post do add a subsidy on top of that for "lesser developed countries," which means China
>> ... limited users to 12 character passwords?

> Yes ... They’re not morons.

That seems debatable.
Optical illusions reveal that we have more than three axes of color perception. The first gif and the last photo are examples of this, and the renaissance artists had a firm appreciation of it. (See DaVinci's journals, specifically the chapters on color.)

Part of the reason I want to put together this series is to rekindle this knowledge. It seems very much "lost": your comment represents the status quo of color science, but if you were an ambitious artist in 1450, you'd run experiments and determine that much of what we take as fact is actually quite a lot more complicated in practice.

The eye, and especially our perception of colors, is so complicated that entire tomes barely scratch the surface. And Munsell's discoveries were only made in 1900, barely over a hundred years ago. There's still a lot more to discover.

To be clear: it's true that our three receptors imply three axes of color perception. But when you assemble an image as a whole, the entire portrait results in an experience quite different than any individual color.

EDIT: That the perception of color is influenced by surrounding colors is true, but that this adds a "fourth channel" is [citation needed].

One of the most important aspects of color science is that you have to be willing to believe the possibility that some strange ideas are true.

In this case, I can dispel that illusion, but only if you're open minded to it:

Consider a painting. Why choose a certain shade of yellow? To produce an effect.

The above images demonstrate that where you put that shade of yellow causes a very different effect.

Now, if you accept as an axiom that the only reason to choose a color is to produce an effect, then that means all three primary colors (red, green, blue) are different axes in your ability to cause an effect. But the fact that the arrangement of colors causes different effects means that the spatial arrangement is a fourth "lever" that you can use to change the experience. That implies it's accurate to call this phenomenon a fourth channel.

(I'd post this edit as a reply, but HN isn't having it right now.)

One interesting area of science to investigate is the frequency spectrum of natural images. Our brains are tuned to see certain frequencies more than others, e.g. blades of grass. And the reason colors produce different effects depending on where they are in relation to each other is to help us resolve different shapes in an image.

http://web.mit.edu/torralba/www/ne3302.pdf

https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~efros/courses/LBMV07/presentations/0...
JPL (or, rather, Caltech) maintains a blanket policy that the copyright to all JPL-owned software remains with Caltech, although they do permit software (on a case-by-case basis, as approved by the tech transfer office) to be open-sourced: https://ott.jpl.nasa.gov/software

In this case, the linked software definitely isn't public domain and it's most likely not open source (since this wasn't an approved release through JPL/Caltech). Also, given that the linked software's running on a spacecraft, distributing it might be in violation of federal law (thanks to ITAR/EAR-- spacecraft and related articles are on the US Munitions List).
Dual EU-New Zealand citizen. The only way that I could have better luck is if I was an Australian citizen, so that I could get an E-3 Visa (essentially a special H-1B for Aussies).
An amazing bit of industry. There was a home owner in Sunnyvale that hand dug a fairly large basement under his house over the years. When he passed and his heirs went to sell it they discovered it. It clearly wasn't up to code and the city had them seal it up in some way and add it to the disclosures when they sold the house. Apparently it started as a 'root cellar' to keep his vegetables cool during the summer.
through the 80s and 90s I never felt a sense of rudeness to call someone. If they didn't want to be bothered they'd let it go to their answering machine.

it's only since texting became a thing that it started to seem more rude to call but like others have said we just ask "ok to call?"
I use Gas Mask to manage my hosts file (on macOS High Sierra). It lets me easily merge custom domains I want to block, and lists hosted online.

https://github.com/2ndalpha/gasmask

http://geekussion.com/mac-os-x/gas-mask-mac-80/
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14805395
Maybe, I am misinformed, but aren't Federal pensions defined benefits plans? The contributions aren't invested in low-cost index funds. if this is the case, your comment about transferring doesn't make any sense.
An anonymous e-mail to someone like Brian Krebs, perhaps?
Correct me if I’m wrong, but does that mean Caltech gets to prevent the public release of software taxpayers have funded through NASA (unless excepted by the tech transfer dept)?
Did they tell you how the extensions may conflict? I don't understand what it means. Couldn't it work like e.g. context menu does already for extension icon?
More informative and most likely original source article : https://brewaz.com/hot-news/bill-gates-entity-invests-80-mil...
Trying to work around the problem of all part transactions having to be present on a node by limiting the number of transactions that can happen honestly sounds like a silly joke. The entire point of any currency is easy, cheap and fast transactions.
> we wanted the generators to sacrifice themselves under most every circumstance

The rare failure mode that can cost $100m looks like this: when the utility power fails, the switch gear detects a voltage anomaly sufficiently large to indicate a high probability of a ground fault within the data center. A generator brought online into a direct short could be damaged. With expensive equipment possibly at risk, the switch gear locks out the generator. Five to ten minutes after that decision, the UPS will discharge and row after row of servers will start blinking out.
This same fault mode caused the 34-minute outage at the 2012 super bowl: The Power Failure Seen Around the World.
Backup generators run around 3/4 of million dollars so I understand the switch gear engineering decision to lockout and protect an expensive component. And, while I suspect that some customers would want it that way, I’ve never worked for one of those customers and the airline hit by this fault last summer certainly isn’t one of them either.

http://perspectives.mvdirona.com/2017/04/at-scale-rare-event...
Excellent points. I'd like to think my job is making sure everyone around me ends up better than me.
This was the 1942 experiment cited in the OP:

"The subjects were asked to respond "yes" or "no" to say whether or not they thought they had seen a flash. The light was gradually reduced in intensity until the subjects could only guess the answer.

"They found that about 90 photons had to enter the eye for a 60% success rate in responding. Since only about 10% of photons arriving at the eye actually reach the retina, this means that about 9 photons were actually required at the receptors. Since the photons would have been spread over about 350 rods, the experimenters were able to conclude statistically that the rods must be responding to single photons, even if the subjects were not able to see such photons when they arrived too infrequently."

In other words, they lowered the intensity of the light until the subjects guesses were no better than random then concluded that 9 photons were spread over 350 rods.

The 1972 experiment assumed about 6 photons were entering the retina.
People don't have to log onto slack or email or respond. When you sit near someone it's pretty weird to ignore them.

The other thing is that people are necessarily cliquish. Folks in the office will necessarily gang up to keep remote workers on the outside. Man is a political beast..
And of course the study that its good for you : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016508514...

I see it is already on the Cure or Kill app http://kill-or-cure.herokuapp.com/a-z/c
Microsoft and Google turn to AI to catch Amazon in the cloud
You're making a series of assumptions here: that the problem can be accurately assessed this way, that the commenter is qualified to do so, that a message board comment is a suitable medium for such a message, and that the noise of this being an internet argument trope wouldn't drown out the signal of human concern. That's a lot of slack to cut "this guy has an anxiety disorder".
I have 23andme, but their results are not very clear. All they say is “You have two variants associated with consuming more caffeine.” I’m unsure how to square that with the studies above. Do I have fast or slow metabolism? Do I have higher or lower risk of MI?
If that's how the contract's written, yes.

IME (and I've worked on a number of federally funded projects at this point, both in and out of academia), these contracts typically get written such that the institution retains all rights to the software, but grants the US government unlimited rights to use the software.

(I will note that it's also not unheard of for these contracts to stipulate that the end product becomes open source-- software I've worked on that was funded through DARPA is up on GitHub, for example.)
I find that when typing the way to get through things quickly is to anticipate there responses and try to head them off in the initial email unless you want it to become and endless back and forth of one line emails and this is very hard to do.

I speak much quicker than I type so (250-300 wpm vs 50-60) as do most people so the communication happens a faster.

Finally, it is much easier to convey meaning and feelings g with tonality, non-word sounds (hmmmm, argh, a laugh etc) and then when negotiating tactical silences.

I was trying to renegotiate our payment terms with a supplier last week and while I knew we couldn’t get what we really wanted (even though every other supplier gives us those payment terms) I felt we could get an improvement over the current deal. So I rang their financial director, he asked some clarifying questions to my request (that I couldn’t have easily anticipated being the o my ones he would ask) he said no, I hmmmm, reiterated the problem at our end and implied switching supplier at the end of the season, he hmmmm’d, tried to deflect and when it was my turn to talk I intentionally stayed silent, he waited a few seconds and then filled the awkward silence with an offer of different payment terms that are halfway to what I really want and much better than what we have. If this was done over email he would never of given us the new payment terms as the text medium is too limited for this kind of negotiation.

Oh and when reading our letters just use the phonetic alphabet, much easier.

I’m not saying the phone is perfect t for everything but it is an important part of our cumminication options and is bette than text is an number of sutuations that the OP and many other commenters are ignoring in tech’s need to not talk to people in real time.
They're back already in the oil fields.
There have been benevolent dictators, it does not mean subsequent dictators will also be? Should we not be wary?
OP's post is presenting correlation of moderate consumption with lower Cardiovascular disease and no correlation with higher consumption. Did you read the paper?
The statement I take objection to is this:

> The fact that colors influence colors around them means that there are far more than 256^3 viewable colors: the spatial axis is like a fourth channel.

That the perception of color is influenced by surrounding colors is true, but that this adds a "fourth channel" is [citation needed].
Same single data point here.

Even setting aside the point that graphic shirts are a bit unfashioned, I have not seen a lot of good quality shirts at the very low threadless price.

Good shirts (good materials, fit, no sweatshop, last a long time) are way costlier.
Language is basic stuff, but hard to do well all of the time. This is a great reminder for the way our language and questions can affect the outcome of work.

The only thing that I couldn't help thinking, at the end, is that the senior engineer gives up potential conflict around the language (which it seems to be known may be difficult to maintain) in order to empower the junior engineer to own the decision. However, I get the feeling that this wouldn't be best for the business/team in the real world. In the real world, the question might be posed "What would the perl language give you that language X wouldn't, for this problem?"
The retina itself does various forms of processing, some of which is about eliminating noise, but some of which is involved in relatively complex things like edge detection. The nerve bundles connected to the retina do further processing. The visual cortex itself does a lot of processing, then the conscious part of the brain does even more. There's recompositing and temporal correlation, motion-compensation, prediction, edge detection, lighting/shadow compensation & color perception, threat assessment, pattern recognition, object recognition, face recognition and that's just scratching the surface.

Even transmission of color information isn't a simple RBG signal. It appears the eye transmits differential signals (such as B-Y) and other information as well.

There are multiple layers of processing that go on in our visual system. You can't reduce it to three axes. The eye is not a camera, doesn't work like a camera, and can't be simplistically thought of as if it were a camera.
The author is described at the bottom of thr article as a "full stack developer", and yet writes about learning about binding addresses.

A full stack developer would already have been familiar with binding addresses, and much more besides.
> That would be true only if the “factual effects” were agreed upon.

No, he fact that there is a conflict of values which includes a fundamental disagreement on which facts are relevant and how the same facts would weigh in desirability is true independent of whether there is agreement on the facts of the economic effects of immigration (there isn't, but the fact remains that the dispute on policy is largely not about facts, but goals.)
Replying to myself because I can't add an edit:

It's interesting that I'm being downvoted without many comments arguing that I may be wrong in some way, it feels like a downvote-of-disagreement. I thought HN meant downvote for irrelevance, not for disagreement. That's what comments are for.

Is it truly not worth even considering? Is our tech worship that strong? We talk of dystopias in every other thread, about Amazon owning the economy, Facebook owning our communication, and Google owning a lot of things, and we talk about the dangers of these; is it forbidden to be suspect of a billionaire experimenter when it pertains to a society who could arguably get no vote in such a city?
Current discussion:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15676452

Barbara Simons: The Computer Scientist Who Prefers Paper Voting (theatlantic.com)
List of price of medieval items (2006)
This hits you hard when you read children's books for the first time as an adult.
This is called an ensemble method.
Good video, thanks for sharing that!
You can't add "Private Number" as a contact, nor can you block it.
An excellent related book is James Kwak's *
Economism - Bad Economics and the Rise of Inequality*, a critique of taking simple Econ 101 models for gospel and using them to justify "neoliberal" policies often benefitting elites.

https://economism.net
Make a leetcode account and do nothing else until your interview.
I don't think anyone really knows, but say we have cheap taxis, ride sharing, driving "too close", and far fewer accidents? There's still a limit but it should be quite a bit higher.
I have landed on the phrases rising tide vs shooting star. Early in my career I wanted to be the shooting star, the bestest most productive person there. Now that I'm older I want to be a rising tide that raises all ships. Did you experience a similar transition, or were you always a rising tide type?
The point, simply put, is that neural networks have felt like a revolution for 75 years, while little actual progress has been made. That they have finally proven to be effective at statistical clustering, and so are becoming very practical for some important tasks, is very cool, but declaring them to be a revolution or the road to AI is premature.

The attitude displayed in the post is not only unjustified by the actual achievement (we are still far from achieving even insect-level "intelligence" or actually replacing a significant portion of "software 1.0") but has actually seriously harmed the very research subject, that I assume Mr. Karpathy wants to foster, in the past. AI research has been seriously burned by over-enthusiastic optimism before; it should learn the lesson.
Oh, sorry, (double) dupe.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15656725

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15646723
There is a book called "Vision Science" (by Stephen Palmer) that is full of interesting stuff about how the brain interprets visual information.

One thing I liked (there were lots): you probably know that your eyes move around with jerky motions called saccades. But if our eyes move in jerks, why don't we observe motion blur (like a camera would have) while our eyes are moving? It's not that our eyes aren't affected by motion blur: the answer is that our brains are wired so that when our eyes are moving, we don't really see anything at all. You just kind of discard the input you get while your eyes are jumping around.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccadic_masking
Hmm, I did read it but I missed the 'inverse' association. This is the second time in the last 10 days where I've read a paper that presented its conclusion by asserting a negative. Thanks for the cross check.
Could it be caused from lifestyle factors that change with coffee.

the first examples that come to mind:

Coffee decreases appetite, which could reduce overeating, which could be linked to the noted reduction in type 2 diabetes which can be caused by eating too much sugar.

Similarly could it be that coffee increases activity which if used for exercise both reduces weight as well as improves the body's ability to manage blood pressure?
Texting to ask if it is okay to call is, IMO, annoying and rude. A phone that can take texts has caller ID and voicemail to near certainty, call me and I'll decide whether or not to accept the call.

Don't make me deal with a content-free exchange to get to the one with content.
Uber is like the classic movie evil villain. They had their enemy dangling over the pit of alligators, but they spent too long giving their final speech and the good guy got away.

If Uber had better direction in the last 2 years they would have completely crushed Lyft, even put them out of business.

But I'm glad they didn't. I like Lyft more and the competition is good for users of both.
42 million U.S. dollars.
If Uber driver conversations were mostly tip-motivated then you would have seen an increase in the frequency of them when Uber introduced tipping a few months ago. I haven't observed that. Something like 80-95% of my drivers have started conversations.
https://www.mercatus.org/statefiscalrankings

According to this New York is ranked 39th of 50.

Unfunded pension obligations, on a guaranteed-to-be-paid basis, are $321.07 billion, or 28 percent of personal income.
You might want to look at some Kyokasho-tai typefaces; they should be pretty close to how we are taught to write.
I thought it was an artifact of how our vision system works, not input to that system.
For uk banking systems it is very likely that the passwords are stored symmetrically encrypted with the key stored in an HSM (based on my experience working as an IT security consultant in UK banks).

Whilst limiting passwords isn’t good, with storage in that way i’m nt sure I see many viable attacks on a 12 char random password.

Online brute force will hit the lockout on the site, and even assuming you could get access to the server hosting the encrypted passwords and HSM you cant decrypt the passwords (unless they have made some horrific setup errors), so the only offline attack is to try and brute force the encryption key, which is unlikely to be easy.
To add - earlier WhatsApp and other messaging was seen by most adopters as a free SMS replacement.
When you're flagging in the afternoon, possibly the best results from a health perspective could be to rest for a bit to let your body naturally regulate, or to do some brief but intense exercise to activate adrenals naturally, or eat a lighter or low carb lunch so there's less of a blood sugar drop-off.

Love to see a double blind with these alternatives measured against the extra coffees.
Not that I've been able to find.