skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The price of wheat in the US is currently ~$170 per tonne. Retail price of flour in the US is currently a bit over $1100 per tonne. Fertiliser and pesticide cost seems to be about 23% percent of revenue, which would work out to about $40. So fertiliser and pesticide cost is currently about 3.6% of the final retail price. Figures come from random google searches, but I think they are about right.

There are a few things you have to understand about these figures. The first is that only 15% of the retail price is the price of wheat. The rest is shipping, processing, packaging, waste, advertising, and profit. You can actually work out how much each bit actually adds to the price by looking at the price at each step. For example, if you look at wholesale wheat flour prices, you are looking at about $3-400 per tonne.

The reality is that distribution is the vast majority of the cost and each entity that touches the product along the way wants a big markup. Money costs and each party wants a return on investment, not a fixed return.

So, if we replaced fertiliser and pesticide with something that costs $400 instead of $40 per tonne of wheat, then the price of the wheat will go to $530. Ideally that will result in a retail price of ~$1500 (about a 25% increase), but in reality it's likely to be at least double.

Personally, I think this is worthwhile -- especially if the extra $360 per tonne would allow smaller farms and provide more jobs in the farming industry. I don't think it is realistic for 2 main reasons. First I have no idea if even $360 would be enough. Second, large corporations and rich people have a very vested interest in continuing the current trend of moving all of the price into distribution. These distribution channels can be controlled relatively easily and provide rent for them. It also keeps the world food price below the level that traditional farming can support. This means that rich countries can dismantle the agriculture industry of poor countries and then control them. I encourage anybody interested in this kind of thing to look at the conditions attached to government loans/subsidies to poor countries that are used to buy food. When you start looking at this stuff, you are playing with big players who have lots to gain/lose and who aren't going to give up anything easily.
This is assuming you have full control over all the implementations. I see this frequently in large Java and Scala code bases in enterprise, you have a generic library you built awhile back and now has all sorts of users in all different places that you may not even have source code access to, only jar access though Nexus or Artifactory. Then you need to do some operation like OP notes but you can't expect everyone to commit your code immediately or even at all. Thus OP is left with only reasonable solution detailed.
Education and Coronary Heart Disease: Mendelian Randomisation Study [pdf]
It was over 5 years ago and these are more accepted now.
Same here. I honestly didn't expect this, that's a bargain.
A lot of newer cars have an auto setting to handle this for you. DRL in daylight and headlights and tail lights as it gets dark or you go through a tunnel.

My last car rental, some moron previous renter turned the switch to DRL only instead of Auto. I did exactly as you described and drove with no tail lights and headlights that seemed dim but it wasn't my my car so it must just be that way. Eventually another driver flashed his brights from behind and I realized my mistake.
As a Silicon Valley entrepreneur, I'm greedy, quite greedy. But Enron wasn't just greedy, it was a criminal organization. As such, people went to jail and it went out of business. The job losses at Enron were 4000 but they were 85,000 at Arthur Anderson, its accounting firm.

Wilson enabled this although to be fair, he didn't foresee it. The CA energy crisis was the result of mid-90s neoliberal hubris. Like supply side voodoo economics, its lessons get quickly forgotten. Hubris is like that.
Facebook posts put Pharma Bro Martin Shkreli in prison as a danger to society
That's easy: let the new rate be r' and the original rate be r.

Then choose r'/r < 1/2 by a sufficient amount. For example: let (P; r; t) be ($100,000; 8%; 30 years). The payment is around $740/mo. Now take (P; r; t) equal to ($100,000; 3%; 15 years). The payment is around $700/mo.

You can adjust for the fact that some months of repayment already occurred so the term reduction is to a new term greater than half the remaining periods on the existing loan and the present value (i.e. new principle) is smaller and bump r' up accordingly to achieve the same result.

Either way it's hardly "impossible" and actually quite easy to do if there's a significant difference between the original loan conditions and the refinance/consolidation.
Although not a realistic option for everyone, I find c++ templates to be simpler than java annotation processors for type-safe compile-time code gen.
Rsync vs. FTP
.
- CMD + Shift + P for command platter
- Column select
- Speed
It's for real, in V8. Other JS implementations may not have the same problem.
Sorry for your experience but a great story about why we should never hand over all authority to an AI.

I wonder why (a) they couldn't just call your regular MD to verify your info, or (b) your MD could not phone in a prescription to the hospital's pharmacy?
Things that didn't make it into the marketing proposal.
You're making a distinction between "experience" on the one hand, and perception (as in eyes + vision areas + visual representations), that are present in RL agents as well. Another component of inner experience is emotion - which would be analogous to the value function in RL and implemented in the same way, by neural nets.
Gloablist vs Libertarian is a strange dichotomy to me. As a Libertarian this study would mark me as a 'globalist.' I believe free trade and immigration are good, and that foreign policy is important.

They go on to ask SV if 'they are libertarians' by asking if they believe in Minarchism--that the State should only provide police and military, which most libertarians themselves don't even agree is an ideal interpretation.

What a silly piece of work.

There's a whole lot of corporate and political pushback against libertarians, which is getting to be crazy. Google defunded Ron Paul's Youtube channel, which is ridiculous.

Libertarianism is not the opposite of globalism or socialism. In fact, there exist prominent libertarian socialists, Noam Chomsky for example. The reality is libertarianism is the opposite of authoritarianism.
"the vast majority of them have an infinite number of digits to the right of the decimal point."

Technically, I believe all of the real numbers have an infinite number of digits to the right of the decimal point.

A vanishingly small portion of them have a repeating series of digits, such as 0. :-)
In the scenario where a startup destroys wealth, what they're really doing is redistributing it. It's not like they take the investors money, cash the cheques, then burn the cash.

Isn't there also at least a fourth and firth scenario, one where the new shoe factory wins but has larger costs than the old one (better marketing but worse cost control), and another scenario where both shoe factories thrive? What about one where they merge, or a holding company buys both and operates them both to produce different lines.
> Linux distros are ugly

Compared to the dominant desktop OS linux distros are beautiful and consistent. Windows doesn't even have a standard look and feel anymore. And if you don't like it you can tweak the whole desktop + apps in one place.
Which if my examples is it longer than? It's been awhile since I wrote this so...
Milpitas had a huge dumping yard, and used to smell really bad. Houses were still in the ballpark of $1 - $1.5 million last year.

It think its just that some people get a lot of money through stock options that they spend this way.
I looked at BYOL a while ago, but was turned off by the fact that the author wants you to use his parser. I don't know why, but I didn't like that. I feel like there's value in using a pre-existing, widely-used parser like yacc/lex, for no other reason than that it already exist and is widely used.
I tend to think of the Web Audio API as the answer to the question: "how much of an audio API can you have if you stipulate that all user-specified code must run in the UI thread?".

Within that constraint I don't think it's a terrible API, but it's a big constraint and naturally raw access would be far preferable.
Honestly, why people don't use tabs in terminals is beyond me. It's easier to parse in nearly every case that doesn't involve a text editor of some sort.
Yes, it is a method for testing theories; it does not give you a procedure for developing the theories. It is agnostic about whether the theories are developed by humans or algorithms.

There is not going to be any universal and practical algorithm for automatically generating the theories, at least in the short term. But you can think about algorithms that apply to particular domains. For example in my field of text analysis, you can imagine techniques for automatically inferring grammar rules from a large quantity of text. Some such methods already exist, but have not been pursued extensively.

We could also develop algorithms for inferring equations of motion from astronomical and celestial observations, as the parent mentioned. The compression principle wouldn't give you the real Newtonian equations, but it would correctly identify them as being superior to other candidates. But this would be a bit of an academic exercise, since we already have the Newtonian equations and relativity. What's more interesting to me is an attempt to build modern astronomical theories (eg about black holes, the Big Bang, cosmic inflation, dark energy, etc) into a compressor that will apply to an astronomical data set like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. My guess is that such an attempt would reveal important shortcomings in the theories, or perhaps highlight regions of space that confound the theories.
I had a discussion on Twitter recently about a possible use case for WebAudio - and that was a sound filters - in pretty much the same way as Instagram popularised image filters for popular consumption.

One thing that really irks me at the moment is the huge variation in sound volume of the increasing plethora of videos in my social media feed. If there was some way we could use a real time WebAudio manipulation on the browser to equalise the volume on all these home made videos, so much the better. Not just volume up/down, but things like real time audio compression to make vocals stand out a little.

Add delay and reverb to talk tracks etc. for podcasts.

EQ filters to reduce white noise on outdoor videos etc. also would be better. People with hearing difficulties in particular ranges, or who suffer from tinnitus etc. would be able to reduce certain frequencies via parametric equalisation.

It would be intriguing to see a podcast service or SoundCloud etc. offer real time audio manipulation, or let you add post processing mastering effects on your audio productions before releasing them in the wild.
The primary mechanism by which money is saved is price controls, under a single payer system. This should be extremely scary. And I'm saying this as someone who voted for Obama in 08, 12 and HRC in 16.

Healthcare products are complicated. Getting the price right is a very hard problem. Markets, generally speaking, have proven to be a fairly effective way of settling on price. This is basic economics.
Why the Navy's top spy sub flew a pirate flag pulling into port
Who said half the principle disappeared?
You can use use bash to interact with windows programs.

You can run native Linux binaries without the overhead of a vm.

You can run native Windows binaries without the overhead of a vm.
I had been meaning to refinance my student loans with them, but now I have second thoughts. However, they seem to have better customer service than their competitors such as Darien Rowayton Bank. Just wondering about the company's finances.
Am I correct in guessing that they all use Linux at your recommendation and ask you for help from time to time? Regardless, I'm glad it works for them. But if they do benefit from your help, keep in mind that not everyone is so lucky. And for individual users who aren't using their computers in a corporate/institutional environment with a sysadmin, the best software is software that just works without any help from a techie.
This occupation is "orderly".
Yet those robots aren't self replicators. They depend on our human brains to exist - they have human technology as an externality. But the human body is self bootstrapped, carrying with it everything. A neuron doesn't just compute signals, it also self replicates, assimilates nutrients and grows. Thus neurons and organisms have specific needs which become the goals of RL for the organism. You can't do that in 100 lines of code.

Consciousness is that thing that allows me to make a sandwich when I get up in the morning, so as not to die of hunger. How do you like this short and concrete definition?

The magic of consciousness happens when there are: 1- an agent, 2- the world around it, 3- self replication and evolution, that give the main thrust of purpose to the agent, the purpose of self replication being recurrent, it is just more self replication.
Somewhere out the back is another bunch of fields where they test the robots, they're probably full of crops in various states of destruction
it's weird how the article neglected that at all. maybe it was assumed to be obvious? I've given brownbags about monoids and they were all focused on parallelization. things like summingbird were good examples i've used.
I was just copying the benchmark I was quoting as a sanity check since I was just trying to validate references.

I also feel compelled to point out that __slots__ changes the way objects are initialized [1]:

> By default, instances of both old and new-style classes have a dictionary for attribute storage. This wastes space for objects having very few instance variables. The space consumption can become acute when creating large numbers of instances.
>
> The default can be overridden by defining __slots__ in a new-style class definition. The __slots__ declaration takes a sequence of instance variables and reserves just enough space in each instance to hold a value for each variable. Space is saved because __dict__ is not created for each instance.

Which means that, in actuality, simply defining __slots__ changes the nature of the object.

Quick trial demonstrates this:

>>> class mySlottedObj(object):
... __slots__ = ('a', 'b')
... c = 1
...
>>> x = mySlottedObj()
>>> x
<mySlottedObj object at 0x10e6a3510>
>>> x.c
1
>>> x.__dict__
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'mySlottedObj' object has no attribute '__dict__'
>>> x.__weakref__
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'mySlottedObj' object has no attribute '__weakref__'
>>> x.a = 1
>>> x.c = 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'mySlottedObj' object attribute 'c' is read-only

The benefit of namedtuples, in the context of Python is reducing the object footprint to being no greater than a tuple. The performance hit, which I am trying to demonstrate, is in lookup and is shown in the source (linked above).

_field_template = '''\
{name} = _property(_itemgetter({index:d}), doc='Alias for field number {index:d}')
'''

As I understand it this means when you access using __getitem__, a named tuple first maps to a property that then calls a __getitem__ using the aliased index on the base `tuple` object that `namedtuple` is storing.

But at any rate, the benchmark script was not mine and refining the test to be as close to the same code path is welcome.

And I wholeheartedly agree:

> Only if you're too slow, then you look for ways to optimize for bottlenecks.

I was merely responding to the original assertion:

> This provides the same performance benefits, and is very similar in a lot of ways to a Scala case class -- aside from removing the boilerplate of stating each attribute twice in __init__ and again in __slots__,

And I think at this point it is quite clear that namedtuple has a bit more caveats than just "removing the boilerplate" of __slots__.
Not very safe, but a tiny bit more fuel efficient.

Brakes are a great way to turn momentum into heat. Then you have to spend fuel to regain momentum.

But, far less safe to move slowly when everyone else expected you were at a standstill.
I'm uncertain if you're asking "Why use WSL vs VM" or "Why use WSL/Linux VM if you can run Linux directly".

For the first: Unified filesystem, memory, processor resources. You don't need to have the extra overhead of running a VM.

For the second: The reason to run Windows is the same as the reason to run MacOS - so you can run apps for those platforms. If you don't need to do that, then obviously there's little/no point in doing so.
Don't need awards to give and receive respect from ones peers.
Access Page History Information and Better Page Count Functionality of OneNote Doc
«Hi. How do I open a quote?»

«Oh, you just use the « character.»

Parse error. Unexpected EOF.
"Use Javascript to enhance webpages, not degrade them."

That sounds like something the user could do, client-side.

Why do users have to blindly accept and execute Javascript payloads from every website?

What if the website said, "Hey I have some cool Javascript that can really enhance the content of this website. Do you want to download it to memory and run it on your computer, in your browser?"

The user might respond, "Sure, run it!" or "No thanks, I have some Javascript I wrote myself to enhance website content and would prefer to use that instead. Just give me the content."

I recall in the 1990's browser pop-ups where users were asked if they wanted to (download and) run Java applets. I believe there are still some websites out there that use Java applets. Not sure how browsers deal with this today.

Doubtful that web developers will listen to your plea although it is admirable. What they care about directly is browsers. The way to send them a message as a user is in the choice of what browser you use, what shows up in their logs.

Using a browser that enables all Javascript by default signifies your agreement with what they are doing today. Using a browser that does not read Javascript sends a message that you can do without it.

If the logs started showing a majority of user agents were browsers that do not read Javascript how would web developers respond?

User Agent header is still surprisingly influential.
Sorry it wasn't meant very seriously, just me expressing a caricature of idiomatic Python :)

So disclaimer: good old `for` loops are often a better choice unless you're doing a simple modification or filtering of another sequence.
How much money Americans have in their savings accounts
Some of my family members drive truck at farms during harvest and I've rode along a lot. The guy driving the combine can mostly be automated except the part of having to stop and clear out metal or other jams that stop them. The machines have sensors which shut them down instantly when they detect metal because the cutter is expensive as hell. Not sure there's really a way to automate that. There's a lot of other less common things that cause the chopper to stop but foreign debris is the most common.

As far as field trucks go, well they're mostly old 15+ years with new-ish trailers because well trucking doesn't pay shit so it'll be long time before self driving trucks replace the current fleet (you have to figure the new trucks on the road now will because part time field trucks 20 years from now). If can get GPS accurate enough you could automate a lot of it, but trucks get stuck all the time in the field which mean the guy driving the chopper has to stop and pull the truck out.

It'll be tricky to automate all the weird oddities you come across out in the field. In the end these guys aren't making very much so the cost benefit doesn't really seem to be there but we'll see.
Heidegger on Technology (2014)
By "make" you meant "match some sort of a simple function approximation after hardcoding lots of knowledge about the system and the general function" right? Which is essentially what the neural networks and all the other optimization algorithms were made for?

(The algorithm as described will require a huge database for a game that is even slightly more complicated than Infinite Mario. And we don't even have the sources to try that.)

Even the object motion tracker part will choke in 3D environment. (It is a greedy matcher as they described it.)

Speaking of impressed, Google DeepMind paper is way more actually feasible to improve upon and rich in detail: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.01868v1.pdf
Compare the two papers in straight quality.
I understand why you'd publish any worthless junk in the current academic culture and do not agree we should actually do it.
Everything is getting expensive.
PKK and YPG are two names for one organization operating in bordering countries. Captured PKK terrorists tell that they were fighting for YPG. You should seek and read these stories for yourself. But if you only read media holding exclusive rights for credibility of course it's difficult to find such stories. Especially when you know a Western language only it's difficult for you to get a balanced information.
Promises: Linguistic Support for Async Calls in Distributed Systems (1988) [pdf]
How is that a lie, though? How do you know it's a bad faith argument? You know what bad faith means, right? That someone is not representing what they truly believe.

Again, you're shaming people that disagree with you.

> We should not misinterpret "be civil" as "don't use the word 'ass.'"

We also shouldn't misinterpret "be civil" as only allow certain sets of viewpoints to be conveyed.
Immediately after the update if wasn't working, but restarting sublime seems to have fixed it
I think what you're describing is basically just RSS feeds, no?
> > And no one knows how to achieve [higher status and salaries for teachers].

> They do. There are lots of ways to do that. Just none that are attractive to the pedagogic establishment.

I'm curious (growing up in Switzerland), which does pay it teachers highly (https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/201...): what about the Swiss approach to teacher salary is unappealing to the pedagogic establishment?
I can't tell you why, but I can point out that all of the other gaps are about how certain experiences correlate with each other (and let's face it, all measurements I make are made known to me by experiences I have), whereas this one is about why anything is experienced at all.
Try mving a directory under /mnt/c from WSL. It won't work.
The short answer is that the Fourth Amendment isn't actually all that clear, and that it's up to judges, lawyers, politicians, and citizens to figure out how it applies in different situations.
No one thinks Adapt actually works as well as Truetone.
Physicalism is also inherently a circular argument. It really gets to the root of philosophy and metaphysics, which is that at some point you reach the firmest axioms and base assumptions that can be reasonably supported by evidence and still there is nothing stopping you from—like a 3-year-old— asking "why?" just one more time.
Would you mind just stating what the debt was, what your payments were, what your interest rate was and what the term was compared to now?

It's kind of a silly fight, and I'm sure it would help educate a lot of people reading about what is possible.
ARcore vs. ARkit vs. ARtoolkit vs. Hololens SDK
Looking for a compare/contrast of these AR development tools for anyone who has dabbled in all. Thanks.
US Military Observes North Korean Missile Launchers Being Prepared