skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> We can use the Python built-in function id which returns a value you can think of as a memory address to investigate.

> [...]

> It looks like there is a table of tiny integers and each integer is takes up 32 bytes.

It is the memory address but it's a "CPython implementation detail: This [return value of the id() function] is the address of the object in memory."[1]

Though you cannot use this to determine the size of an object, or rather you "shouldn't" because that assumes a very specific implementation detail, which isn't there.

If you'd like to get the size of an object, use sys.getsizeof().[2] Also keep in mind that containers in Python does not contain the objects themselves but references to them so the returned size is the size of the object itself only, non-recursively. Read "Is Python call-by-value or call-by-reference? Neither."[3] for some more details.

[1]: https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/functions.html#id

[2]: http://docs.python.org/3.6/library/sys.html#sys.getsizeof

[3]: https://jeffknupp.com/blog/2012/11/13/is-python-callbyvalue-...
I'm not sure what Google does, but there are companies out there that help detect counterfeit hardware in bulk parts shipments. They will chose random samples from a batch and crack them open to compare with what they expect.

EDIT: example company that does this: http://velocityelec.com/
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonVPC/latest/UserGuide/VPC_S...
"The burglar might even be justified in pulling his/her own weapon and shooting back because now the situation is threatening their lives."

In the US, there's the "Clean Hands" doctrine that excludes a legal defense of self defense from anyone who was committing a crime at the time. The hypothetical burgler would just be adding charges.
Yup, 0day hunters have fun with this behavior from time to time.
"A Mind for Numbers" is basically the book version of this course (same author). I found it quite good, and I personally found it faster and easier to learn the concepts in book form than on Coursera.
All orderings must be specified as a reduction to a primitive order using the fact that if you have an equivalence relation on some type A and a reduction f : B -> A then you have an equivalence on B defined by x = y when f(x) = f(y).

Now, take the rational numbers. For the usual binary comparison we can simply define (a/b) < (c/d) as ad < cb. It's not obvious how to express this as a reduction to a primitive ordering (the answer is to compute the continued fraction).

In fact, I'm not aware of any systematic way of deriving discrimination-suitable orderings from binary predicates -- it might be an open research problem, as far as I am aware.
Well... I went to a Whole Foods store in Destin, FL last week and was stunned at how much they're charging so I'm pretty sure they've got a lot of headroom to do this.

What was truly laughable was what they charged for non-organic fresh fruits and veggies and the poor quality of those. Most of what they had was stuff other stores would have thrown out several days before they got to the point they had there.

They were charging over $3.50 for an organic cucumber and around $30 a pound for T-Bone steaks. I guess I've been living in the Ozarks for too long because I had to laugh about that.
Ask HN: What are the best projects for a first-time open source contributor?
Long time reader, first time poster.
I recently graduated uni and have been working as a developer full time for about three months. I have heard the benefits of contributing to open source projects and wanted know if any of you had an opinion on where to start.
I thought similarly, but still think it was worth it. A big reason I took it was because I had been meaning to read her book.

My wife and I have thought about the topic of learning probably more than the average person. She has been using Anki for years to help with foreign language study. She admits she didn't figure out how to study until college and most of it was self learned try-and-fail.

We see others in our family who spend hours blankly staring at materials, but still do poorly. I feel like learning should be taught in schools. Not sure if high school is too premature or if it should be a college freshman course.
It's not weird, it's pythonic.
Dr Oakley also wrote "A Mind for Numbers", which is essentially this course in text form. The book is great as a a basis for the theory of learning, and dives into the same content (diffuse vs focused thinking, skimming chapters before reading etc.).

I find having a text reference with dedicated time makes me learn more, so if you're interested in the course you'd probably also love the book.
Same here. Unfortunately I think a lot of the applications and games that kids use these days aren't very enriching.

For 90s kids there was a lot more exploring and learning involved with computers/technology. Now it's just mindless tapping.

It'd be really cool to setup an old 486 at home for the kids and let them play with the same technology we used as kids. No internet, just stacks of disks, maybe even setup some sort of SSH tunnel to mock dialing up to BBSes.
There's quite a bit of research on the Duke site around, among other things, issues with inattentiveness when supervising automated systems.

https://hal.pratt.duke.edu/publications

I saw Cummings speak on a panel a couple years back. She talked about automation in aircraft (she's a former Navy fighter pilot) and she made the comment that humans don't handle boredom well.
I think they pursue the title of professor for 2 reasons:
1) For an intellectual there is no more awesome job/life than living among and working with other such people
2) Anything below full professor and you need to find another job in 7 years
Maybe. We taught our support people how to install Docker via Docker Machine, and while that is resource-intensive and sometimes they come with questions, it did reduce the complexity of deploying new internal tools to them.
Disclaimer: Not a parent! Immediately disqualified from the discussion.

My siblings have eight kids. I can't speak for how they act everyday, just what I observe during our frequent family gatherings. Here's what happens. The adults hang out and do boring things (OK on a good day, we play cards or board games or sit around a fire!) while the kids run around doing things. Only in the past year or two have electronics really been a part of this at all. The youngest is eight, the oldest 14. They play tag, climb things, play board games, play cards, sit around fires (hmm...) and they don't beg for electronics or even ask for them. I'm sure it's different at times, at home. But I know that most of them didn't have a tablet until maybe two years ago. And my siblings didn't either. Lately, sometimes they play video games or tablet games, but only sometimes.

It's not actually a requirement of life to own and use a tablet. (Or smart phone.) And certainly not a requirement of childhood. Rather than have those things around and in use, the opposite was the norm. They were rare. Eventually the kids get to be 9 or 10 or 11 and say "hey, Everyone owns one, maybe I can have one?" and then they got one, finally, but with some rules in place, and times that it could be taken away, because the parents are making the rules. And it doesn't seem to have become an addiction for them, because it's just one thing added to an already interesting and abundant life.

But I've seen other kids/parents where tablets and TV and phones are central to living and entertainment. And you don't want to be around for the war that erupts when the parent tries to pry the electronic device away from their child. It's a third arm, and it's not going anywhere.

We do adapt to what we're around, how we behave, what's acceptable. If it's "normal" then anything else is change, with all the resistance that comes with it.
Essentially there's little or no likely gain in security or trust to be had by using HPKP, but you add a lot of risk to your operation if you do use it. It's like putting a nuclear bomb on a hair trigger in order to protect against the risk that mutant zombie rats will set up a lemonade stand in front of your McDonald's franchise: an overkill solution to an extremely unlikely threat.
No, Google "pays" those for you. It is included in the "standard" egress pricing.

Disclaimer: I work for Google but not in networking. This comment is just my best guess.
Because the universe drives towards increased complexity.

Solar fusion creates heavier elements. Gas clouds collapse into stars and planets.

Life, while insignificant on a mass scale, nonetheless represents one of the greatest increases in complexity and diversity the universe has thus far produced.

For that reason alone, it's sacred, and should be cherished.
Then the question is whether he can beat the Rock in the primary.

Who do you think the Democratic nominee will be? Clinton again?
It's worth nothing that IPNS is not a blockchain though, rather a DHT with public/private-keys cryptography. Also, IPFS network is a blockchain-free protocol.
You can email me anytime at tyler@linkcandle.io or find me on LinkedIn or Twitter - @tylerewillis
So you read through the books more slowly, practicing, and recalling the material? Can you elaborate on your process now?
I have been under the impression that because TESLA dispensed with the idea of LIDAR that their solution would never be workable. I am still surprised at their ability to avoid liability for the incidents attributed to the "Autopilot"
I got a 300k line Java app down to seven and a half minutes including unit and functional tests. What are you working with?
> Are there any people out there who don't work for Facebook or use React code who are willing to defend the patent license?

Yes:

Ariel ReinitzFollow (Former software developer; current patent/IP attorney)

https://blog.cloudboost.io/3-points-to-consider-before-migra...

Dennis WalshFollow (Former Patent / IP Attorney; current Software Developer)

https://medium.com/@dwalsh.sdlr/react-facebook-and-the-revok...
The only thing President Trump did wrong was defeat the establishment
Unfortunately no but would love to be proved wrong. You can inline them server-side but then they're not cacheable. There's SVG filters but they're not widely supported yet. I'm curious of the reason why this is so difficult actually (security?). What's wrong with using JS?
BBC drama chief calls for fewer 'dark' shows and more inspiring tales
Thanks again for the elaborate answer. It sounds like a great product with solid tech. I'll definitely be looking into it!
> Encryption is still opt-in and beta

This is the part that concerns me.

https://whispersystems.org/blog/the-ecosystem-is-moving/

Moxie lays out a challenge to federation enthusiasts to prove him wrong that federated chat can be secure and have good usability. I would respectfully note that Matrix seems to be responding to the challenge with a chat client that is neither. Instead they seem to be doubling down on federation and integrations. Usability can be fixed, but the federation and multiple clients makes it a challenge. Security on the other hand is, again, concerning because it feels tacked on. It's not on by default because, again, it makes it complicated when you have multiple clients. Last time I tried, you could put in your password on the web client (browser encryption!) and join an existing conversation, and see all future posts by the people in the conversation, because suddenly they've accepted your new public key. I had to dig a little bit in the configs to find the current public keys for the clients in the conversation. Either they have to make a UX-friendly way of warning everybody that there's a new client, or accept that stealing an account password will let you snoop on conversations. I really appreciate their enthusiasm, and I hope someone gets federation right, but it just seemed like a mess.

By contrast, I think that Signal recognized that you can work around the security vs usability tradeoff by trading off on a third vector: feature set. I think that we won't get a federated system until someone heeds Moxie's warnings and does some careful, creative thinking.
Ronaldo named UEFA player of season for 2016-2017
Maybe under diversity's new Orwellian definition
Mistakes happen. New certs and keys can be easily acquired if you lose the key. But HPKP prevents you from fixing this simple mistake in order to guard against a problem that's extremely unlikely.
This is an interesting play in the voice space...kind of reminds me of the role Dropbox has played in online storage vs GOOG, MSFT, AAPL, AMZN, etc. By being platform agnostic, users can get a unified and better experience across their devices.

Right now voice is cool, but to me it's a little bit of a gimmicky feature that acts differently across devices from different ecosystems. It makes it that much harder to universally change my behavior toward voice across the different devices I use. I can see how Life Bot could change that.

Have you guys thought about the ecosystem dynamics for Life Bot? Do you think the big players will play nice if you start to own the voice relationship with the user, instead of AMZN/GOOG/MSFT/AAPL?
@joshribakoff, you're being disingenuous. You left out the important part of that quote:

> they need to be raised deliberately. if you spoil a dog, and dont train it, what kind of dog do you wind up with? what kind of people do you end up with when they are sucked into ipads while still in a stroller, and they are sent to schools that are little more than zoos being overseen by air-headed sorority girls?

That is succinct, true, and a shame. A shame, just like your hand-picking out a part of a sentence, in order to make the poster sound like an idiot is.

He omitted: in that, from his sentence. They are just like animals, in that....

And if you were to be truthful with yourself, you'd admit he's eerily correct in his observation.
That works because the SVG element is inline with the document. It doesn't work if you use an external link to the SVG document. The standard workaround is to use JS or server-side processing to inline the SVG elements directly into your HTML document.
In an increasingly more connected world, it makes sense.
2-3 years ago, Google Docs and Chromebooks were a pain to use for most purposes.
just watching the current system navigate at night on poor lightly stripped streets is frightening enough to keep me away. search youtube for autopilot fails and there are some videos from just this year.
> they mention households earning 13k annually spending 645 (9% of income) on the lottery

It sounds like you're claiming that 645 is 9% of 13,000?

It could be 9% of their after-tax income, if you believed that households earning $13,000 paid 50% of it in taxes.
Gut Bacteria Can Fluctuate with the Seasons
Of course it's true. The city of Seattle is a thing, and it doesn't include the eastside. And sure, they're part of the metro area, but so is Tacoma. Eastsiders are always trying to pretend they live in Seattle.
My sister does that.

She just keeps the TV on at all times.

Watching a show on Netflix on her tablet? TV on.

Takes a shower and is in the bathroom for 30-45 minutes? TV on.

Leaves the house and someone is there, though not watching TV? Let's TV on. I have to shut it down myself.

I have absolutely no idea how she picked up that habit. No one in the (immediate) family does it.
Why name this particular library after that particular mathematician?
Mere-Exposure Effect?

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mere-exposure_effect
> other times you get calming silence instead

I always like that Pulp Fiction line: "That's when you know you've found somebody special. When you can just shut the fuck up for a minute and comfortably enjoy the silence."

I don't think a moment of silence is any excuse to pull out the cellphone. In fact, I think this highlights part of the problem we have with cellphones. We expect constant entertainment, action, and info. It's really rare anymore to just sit for a minute and do nothing -- and it could be that doing nothing is pretty important.
When I was in college (some 20 years ago almost), they had a freshman course that more or less covered this and was required. Less science and more "life skills", it still had a lot on study discipline and covered many of the concepts in this course. I imagine many American universities do the same.
You seem to be assuming that the limiting factor is cost and parts. To me it appears the limiting factor is software. AIUI no one has the software to do level 4 autonomous driving, at any price. So why would a parts supplier end up "ruling" automatic driving?
>We have no issue connecting with them, or //

It's good that all people are exactly the same as you and your kids and that this will therefore work for everyone, isn't it. /s
Didn't one of the mars rovers bring its own bouncy castle? Hollywood has since used that in several movies.
Drilling into Microsoft’s BrainWave Soft Deep Learning Chip
A Win for Privacy Is a Win for the Web
No worries man, Google is going to diagnose your depression and all but prescribe your Prozac.
Eventline – IFTTT for developers
This is software released to the public which doesn't pass a basic d(yaw rate)/dt sanity check and steers hard into oncoming traffic.

Not sure who cares about version here. Your airplane went down? Yeah, should be fixed now, no worry, try the new version!
This is a well-researched area, in addition to being pretty obvious to everyone. Personally, I stopped using cruise control years ago. If I have to pay attention, I'm better off driving.

This isn't just a matter for Tesla. The auto industry is rapidly heading for much better assistive driving systems. There's no way that the people heads-down in their cell phones are going to do this less once they realize they don't really need to pay attention.

Will accident rates get better overall anyway? Who knows? But systems that aren't intended for autonomous use are going to get used that way.
Slovakia's situation is particularly acute, because there is a significant divide in economic fortunes between the capital's region Bratislava, and the rest of the country; while this divide is not altogether unusual, the magnitude of this divide is dramatic [1]. Slovakia's poor are also, relatively to average Slovakians, more poor than those in rest of the countries in central Europe [2].

Bratislava's residents are well-off, but are within an hour of Vienna and literally across the river from Austria -- a decidedly different experience. Though the two metropoles have pursued closer integration since the opening of borders, there is still progress to be made.

Foreign ownership of firms in Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, etc. is very common, and there is an increasing undercurrent of people who are beginning to notice that since joining the EU, though their economic outlook has improved, the fortunes of the German, Dutch, and French firms that took over both struggling and thriving local businesses has improved more. These residents may look like they're envious of the German, Dutch, or French citizen, but in truth they're channelling their anger at multinational corporations.

For the common person, the most visible benefits of EU integration have been infrastructure spending from EU convergence funds (roads, railways, telecom), and the ability to take work in other EU countries to remit money. Those who stayed in their home countries -- most people -- saw their fortunes lifted slower, and in a less thriving economy, more questions like this get asked.

[1] https://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/regional-outlook-20... [2] http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/...
It might be factual, but the mention of cat urine smell is unnecessary and rude.
Health care isn't the reason for the pay gap. The technology sector in Europe is far smaller than those in the US, these days there isn't a single tech company in the EU can rival those tech giants in the US, so the pay gap makes sense.

If you are a banker or a hedge fund PM working in London, your pay will be on par with or even more than your colleagues in New York.
> Actually the study explicitly doesn't show that

You are correct. We do not have definitive data that the technology is safe. That said, we have preliminary data that hints it's safer and nothing similar to hint it's less safe.
This was apparently a very light payload, so there was lots of room for experimentation - attempts at recovering the fairings, and further speculation at playing with the second stage, and just playing with tolerances and approach angles given sunk cost of the extra launch power. Us fans don't always get to see or hear about those early experiments though.
Well I'm not familiar with any of those methods other than Cornell notes...
Based on that endorsement, I'm going to have to check it out for sure. Thanks!
https://github.com/adtac/exterminate

Plugging my near useless Python library that does this and a lot of other subtle, annoying things to break programs. The library is essentially a display of how much Python actually exposes to the user and how modifiable it is.
As a California driver, I always have to monitor motorcycles that are lane splitting and give them space when I see one.

So there is always something to do.
So... everybody starts from the premise that we will still be here in 2050....
I do not know where the names for these acts come from, but I think a fair judge of thinking the name of it does the exact opposite of what it actually does is a good way to understand what a new act is doing.

what I am interested in, is if Richard Stallman's comment [0] "That includes cities such as New York, Boston, Washington, Miami, New Orleans, Chicago, Los Angeles and San Francisco. " is correct.

[0] https://stallman.org/archives/2017-may-aug.html#23_August_20...
Actually, more than just being independent of your pinning strategy, one of the partial mitigations that Bryant (@eganist) and I recommended when introducing RansomPKP was to enable HPKP, since it would both block existing users of the target site from pinning the new malicious headers and cause alarm bells to be set off early.

Like you said, RansomPKP is more impactful to the ecosystem-wide decision of whether HPKP should exist than to whether an individual should use it (given the precondition that it exists). That said, malicious pinning was explicitly discussed and noted as a concern during the standardization process, so RansomPKP doesn't add much to that ecosystem-wide decision; it's just a fun application of HPKP Suicide that takes the core malicious pinning idea to a logical conclusion, and isn't even necessarily the worst way to abuse a compromised web server. There are also much more positive applications of HPKP Suicide, e.g. my startup Cyph's in-browser code signing layer.

Anyway, I wouldn't use any of this to argue against the very existence of HPKP, but I agree with Scott removing it from a tool that at least partially targets non-experts.
How I stay organized and remember everything, with no stress
It's right there in the PATENTS file on github. It's also only 33 lines long and quite easy to understand

https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/master/PATENTS
The problem is that in L2, the bar for the system as a whole is set by the low bar for humans, specifically their reactions in an emergency. If the computer safely drives itself 99% of the time but in that 1% when the human needs to take control, the human fucks up, the occupants of the vehicle are still dead. And what people are saying here is that L2 automation increases the risk that the human will fuck up in that 1%, by decreasing their situational awareness in the remainder of time.

That's why Google concluded that L5 was the only way to go. You only get the benefit of computers being smarter than humans if the computer is in charge 100% of the time, which requires that its performance in the 1% of situations where there is an emergency must be better than the human's performance. That is the low bar to meet, but you still have to meet it.
Probably a giant C++ codebase. Our CI runs can take well over an hour. C++ compiles so damn slowly compared to Java.