skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I thought this was quite clear, and it's what I've always been missing in languages like Python or JS. Yet I meet many devs, especially coming from such languages, making fun of Java for its verbosity and clumsiness.

On the other hand, it leads to some people abusing the static type system: They just randomly change types until it somehow compiles, without thinking about what their doing.
Why Linux does no stable API nonsense
There is never a person more zealous (and vocal in their zealotry) than a new convert. You don't see the bad points, just the good.

That's how this post comes across: "Types are so awesome, let me show you how awesome types are!"

Come back in two years, show us how the types feel after the honeymoon is over.
Why JWTs Suck as Session Tokens
Yeah, no idea. I'm not concerned with loyalty so much as I am with dealing with the fallout of churn. I've only ever worked at small companies on small teams, so a single engineer leaving tends to hurt. The company isn't loyal to them, so I expect an engineer to look out for their own self interest in the same way. That said, one year is a pretty short time, and if they're _only_ concerned with that next pay bump then they're probably going to cause my team some problems.

On the flip side, it's my responsibility to make sure that my engineers are happy in their position and weren't sold on a lie.
Unless I'm mistaken, Google isn't interested in upstreaming these changes. A quick search of lmkl.org doesn't show any hits for the switchto_... APIs.

I'd love to hear otherwise or in more detail from someone at Google. It's frustrating to have to do archaeology just to guess what the state of the art is. Isn't sharing your findings part of "organizing the world's information"?
> Good post, but note all those things you don't need a statically typed language.

> Python has that too with MyPy.

I don't know much about Erlang's typing, but this claim is definitely untrue. I run a code base with five engineers and I'm pretty disciplined about asking for type annotations wherever appropriate, and I still miss static typing every damn day. The grafted-on approach is definitely beneficial, and I frankly don't understand how people ran Python engineering projects of any significant size without it, but it has just enough holes in it that the type inference chain breaks often (ie just drops to type Any). It also gives false positive errors just often enough that it lowers your sensitivity to real errors.

Don't get me wrong, I'm happy it exists. But Python with types is a poor imitation of a proper engineering programming language.
> It makes me wonder if we could bring back more "trust in the system" by putting a cap on the price of litigation, or using "public prosecutors" the same way we use "public defenders".

Could an alternative be to evenly split the resources for both sides? So if a court case is brought between a poor person and a rich person (or poor company/rich company), the two total the amount they'll spend on lawyers and then get exactly 50% each to use for legal costs.

So if you have to say, sue the cable company, the latter in turn has to pay for a large percentage of your legal fees regardless of if they win or lose.

The court system might change a lot if both sides were guaranteed equally good legal teams...
This is pretty spot on based on my experience.
Yeah I wouldn't expect someone to stay when they're unhappy, but I also wouldn't expect to see e.g. eight of those in a row. A couple of short stints here and there, but a pattern would scare me off or at least place them well below similarly qualified candidates.
Haskell types don't exist at runtime. If you use a static analyzer like mypy, Python types are “static” in the same sense as Haskell (statically verified as correct in advance), though mypy’s type system is less robust than Haskell’s.
High cost of living because competitive labor market. Competitive labor market because high cost of living.

You could break the vicious circle from either end. Build more houses, costs go down, more immigrants attracted, wages go down and costs go back up. Destroy local jobs, wages go down, fewer immigrants attracted, costs go down and wages go back up.

Every tech company that moves out eases the pressure, but that part about wages going down is tough for some people to swallow.
In the US most allow but not always. For instance, NYC recently passed a law forbidding it. Many companies will not report anything other than whether or not you were an employee and the dates of your employment, but that is by their choice to limit lawsuits, frivolous or otherwise.
I don't understand is this is meant to be an index of crime-reports (public information) or of news-stories. It sounds like the latter, but if you're only focusing on the media and not the underlying incidents it's hard to draw valid epidemiological conclusions.
Being easy to replicate often suggests that it is, in fact, _obvious_. Which is supposed to invalidate the patent.
Maybe the advertisers pay less per click for Bing as for google?
Its about creating and maintaining a clean environment. Conceptually they aren't that different than a VM just much lighter weight.
15 on a commuter sounds about right -- pretty fast actually for most anything I'd call a commmuter bike. I rode a single speed bike for about 8 years before I upgraded to an entry level Cannondale Supersix Evo, which I got late in the season so I ended up with a really, really good deal on a carbon frame road bike. On flats I have no problem maintaining 20-22mph for longer periods of time, but that's after some training. On sprinty bursts on flats I do high 20s, maybe breaking 30mph. On downhills 35mph and I don't feel comfortably pushing past that. In fact I rarely feel comfortably going that fast -- there are just specific stretches of road and hills where I'm not worried about potholes or surprise traffic.

When I started on the road bike doing 15-17mph during rolling-hill after-work rides with minimal intersections and traffic, and I'd say that's comfortably my casual pace that I can keep up for at least 25 miles at a time now, except when I first started I was sweaty and out of breath and now it's an easy commute speed.
Um, not really a strawman or reasoning bias, my world viewpoint is one from a lens of diversity. I don't believe I said anything against monoculture, or at all, and I would appreciate it if words aren't put in my mouth on that.

In the interest of a productive conversation, it would be nice if we can talk about diversity first as it's the topic at hand.

I'll try my best to not trivialize or presumptively interpret your words and the motivation behind them, especially where it seems holes are being poked to lessen the relevance of having a conversation about openly entertaining a viewpoint that may not align with your own as may be happening.

It's not clear to me what's giving the presumption or perception of authority to be tell anyone how their experience is or is not valid and how it may be trivialized into an empty platitude.

A two way street of respect isn't easy and participating in it requires both parties to do work, even if one finds it a chore and wishes everyone should just be like them.

I believe deeply in, and practice meaningful intercultural exchange to bring societies together, beyond entry level introductions of sipping chai lattes and yoga. This isn't easy, of course as every group has it's idiot fringe.

Not being sure what your perspective or experience is. I'm a visible minority in both numbers and other ways. From that experience, I can share a bit more.

This experience includes being part of a monoculture that can require perceived outsiders to be twice as monocultural as native monoculturalists to be monocultural enough from the monocultural authorities.

Diversity requires being open minded to find commonalities from all citizens participating in it, reluctantly or not. Some may say that form of diversity may be a universal monocultural.

My points are based on direct experiences that shouldn't be trivialized or summed up nicely in a few sentences to fit another's mental model.

Happy to hop on a skype call if you want to chat. I excel in environments where two people are willing to look at themselves as much as wanting others to only look at themselves, and totally open to learning more about monoculture.
The kind of companies that spend large amounts of money on things like support, think more traditional enterprises, are spending a ton of money on docker's paid services, because they do not have the ability to hire enough engineers to implement something in house.
Since when is austerity a neoliberal policy? Or neoconservative? Or anything from any prevailing modern style of politics?
Imposter Syndrome: Hi, I'm Jason
However this technology pans out, thank for a really well-written post. It is a model of clarity.

(And yet many people seem to have misunderstood: perhaps an example or a caricature of the binary representation might have helped make it concrete, though then there is the danger that people will start commenting about the quality of the example.)
I think you are underestimating the power of a name brand. Docker is synonymous with containers to a lot of people, and if they want to pay for container support they'll pay Docker. Similar to, as other commenters have said, people pay Red Hat just so they can have someone to complain to when there's a problem.
How realistic (better question - how likely) is it to set the start point at $100k?

I think I was earning (the equivalent of) $8k/year in my first job hah
It is annoyingly in your face, ugly, slow and unreliable. It offers nothing that isn't done better by another program.

The only reason it can compete is because of Microsofts package deals and the anticompetitive integration with the rest of their ecosystem.
I feel that with gerrymandering and all of the democracy anti-patterns that have been developed in the US, shaming is the only source left for an increasingly disempowered electorate.
OpenVZ, user-mode Linux, and others were very widespread with web hosting and VPS providers since mid-/early-2000s (and probably a little earlier than that too). Docker didn't invent containers, but they were a first mover (as far as I know) in the current flavor of "PaaS" or hosted "non-frameworks" (i.e. environments that don't force you into the hosting provider's userland choices such as library versions, etc.).

It's easy to dismiss it as a better mousetrap, but it was an inflection point in the same way puppet and cfengine before it were inflection points in configuration management and "infrastructure as code"...

Still, I find the Docker daemon massively invasive and too much of a potential gaping security hole. I wish it was more modular and less of it ran privileged/as root, and don't run it on anything sensitive as a result. Usually properly configuring a box and relying on existing process and other forms of isolation (including namespaces) is good enough, especially with good package management. Great for UX/workflow tooling in a dev VM though!
Right... I just don't see that being worth 10B USD I guess. I don't see how you come up with that number, and I assume this is where the "upside potential" needs to be.

In the case of AWS, I can see the advantage, you're renting a resource you need, rather than buying it. I guess I just don't see how you extract similar amounts of revenue from Docker...

Redhat is valued at ~1.3B USD. Github, currently at ~2B USD. How do you justify 10B USD for Docker. Obviously you can (they did), I just don't understand how this is done well. Does anyone have a better insight here?
Beautifully done, but I can't help but to wish that it actually reproduced content from Encarta.
You can host your own GitLab*, not your own Github.

Also, a lot of the value of Github is social. You can only get that (after a certain point) by paying Github money.

By contrast, you can get 100% of the value of the Docker community without paying a cent to Docker, Inc.
Related : https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15046601 - E-commerce will evolve next month as Amazon loses the 1-Click patent
Of course the products are all marked up to cover the fraud, but it's not like you can opt out of that markup so you might as well take advantage of the convenience.
In my experience this approach doesn't really scale any higher than junior to senior steps. I was repeatedly told "we just don't hire on levels higher than X". I guess once you reach the famous rockstar level this again becomes a thing, but probably the best bet at moving from 150k to 500k jobs is to stick in one place for ten or so years.
Of course, why do you ask?
Cloudflare uses lava lamps as a random number generator
There is no reason not to have a bicycle path and have cyclists using the road too - unless like in Germany, where an official bicycle path means you are not allowed to bike on a road. And even without electrical assist, a capable biker way exceeds the speeds safely possible on the bike paths. As it turns out, most cyclists prefer those speeds, when they can reach them with the electrical assist.
So we need a solution which caters all desired speeds. Electrical assist (which is limited to 25 kph in Germany) just means, that more cyclists can reach the speed a normal healthy biker always had been able to reach.
I get that randomly, try again from a phone or desktop and it may work. I use FB messenger less now because of their unpredictable url filtering.
I know h1bs who jumped to Amazon, Intel etc. The salary increase was significant, but they were relocating from low cost of living areas to the big cities.
German shepherds are great.

I may sound crazy, but I really believe my GSD has some sense of language and is not just barking instinctively.

His "I want to pee", "I want to eat", and "I need to poop" barks are different enough that I can reliably understand him.

When he is outside in the yard and wants to get back in, he calls me with a short guttural bark, whereas with my wife he uses a long whiny call. When we are both home, the type of call seems to correlate pretty well with the person he wants to see. It's like he's given us names.
How economically feasible is it to automate assembly? It looks like a lot of human suffering can be lessened if at least some parts of assembly are automated.
I kinda like this idea, will definitely give this a try!
Becoming another Redhat wouldn't be enough to justify investment at this valuation though would it? They need an upside potential 5 to 10x higher than Redhat's current valuation.
Valuations in private funding are made up numbers. The main difference between public equity and private equity is liquidation preferences and interest. I dont know the deal terms, but it is likely that the investors expect to get their money back, plus some interest with the potential for more upside if there happens to be a big exit.

They are likely not counting on it as their returns are nearly guarenteed through the liquidation pref plus interest.

Employees of docker just saw their chances of a big monetaty exit cut dramatically with this funding round since they are in last place.

It is an area that yc continues to be silent on and is a travisty of the start up world today.
What EpicEng said. When I went to Sun it was more than a year before I was really worth anything as a kernel engineer. Took that long for the kernel to "come into focus" for me and the feedback I got from peers and management was that I was fast (I did POSIX conformance in the kernel that first year).

There is a huge difference between being able to fix bugs and being able to fix architecture problems. I needed at least a year before I was capable of the latter in SunOS, probably more than a year.
Oh for sure, all those lawyers would probably instead be lobbyists meeting with officials from the one world government for beneficial policies -- a clearly uncorruptible and very noble situation which would be highly sensitive to my one vote as a global citizen.
The guy that drove his car into the crowd was not a member of any of the sponsoring organizations of the "Unite the Right" march, either.

As for after the fact cheering of white people's deaths, may I direct you to the cesspit of Twitter...
I want it now!
Because, being intellectually challenged is not something these people can handle!
SMASH: One-Shot Model Architecture Search Through HyperNetworks
IMO, you see diminishing returns once you reach somewhere between ~125k (if you're in a low-demand area) and ~250k (if you're in a high-demand area such as the Bay Area). To get above that, you generally need to both switch jobs and be good at what you do.
Docker generated value from the LXC project, aufs, overlay, btrfs and a ton of open source projects yet few people know about these projects, their authors and in the case of the extremely poorly marketed LXC project even what it is thanks to negative marketing by the Docker ecosystem hellbent on 'owning containers'.

Who is the author of aufs or overlayfs? Should these projects work with no recognition while VC funded companies with marketing funds swoop down and extract market value without giving anything back. How has Docker contributed back to all the projects it is critically dependent on?

This does not seem like a sustainable open source model. A lot of critical problems around containers exist in places like layers, the kernel and these will not get fixed by Docker but aufs or overlayfs and kernel subsystems but given most don't even know the authors of these projects how will this work?

There has been a lot of misleading marketing on Linux containers right from 2013 here on HN itself and one wishes there was more informed discussion that would correct some of this misinformation, which didn't happen.
I was always a bit puzzled by the ubiquity of astrology and other superstition in old scifi (PKD, Heinlein to name a few), but I guess if even Reagan used things like this that explains where the trope came from.
As far as I know, in my state, a previous employer is only allowed to say weather or not I worked there and for how long. Nothing else should be discussed, legally. IANAL

I've only changed jobs twice in my career but I included my salary requirements in a cover letter and did not disclose my previous salary.
My personal opinion on this is that Docker's application of Linux namespaces+cgroups happened to solve a specific problem - reducing differences between prod and dev and doing stateless deployment - in a way that is pretty simple and didn't break people's expectations for how Linux works. Prior to that, namespaces and cgroups didn't have a "killer app".
A problem is that if the bicycle goes above 20mph, it is a scooter and would fall under motorcycling laws. That means licensing and insurance. Generally under 20 miles or so it is considered a moped and is treated differently.

Also no offense, but going 20 mph in a bike lane or worse a sidewalk would be very bad. An ebike is not a bike, but a moped under the classic definition, a bicycle with pedals and a engine to provide supplemental power. It's just not a gas moped.
It doesn't even need to be hostile to be trouble.

The Strugatsky brothers book "Roadside Picnic" (inspiration for game and movie "Stalker") is based on the idea that aliens came and visited Earth and ignored us completely.

However, they left behind a lot of weird and often deadly trash that people are scavenging.
Let's talk about how regulatory enforcement can be compromised without actually shrinking government size, budget, or jobs.

First, there's regulatory capture[1]. In short, the regulated industry ends up writing its own regulations. As a result, the regulations just enshrine business practices as they are. The total size of the regulatory regime can even increase because of the second aspect of regulatory capture. When an industry captures the agency, it can seek to make the rules purposely byzantine and vague, in order to ensure that almost any business practice can be defended, provided one has enough legal muscle.

Regulatory capture is what people who root for Uber's business model demonize. The car-for-hire industry, they say, is regulated in such a way as to keep the taxi industry profitable even if the service is, they claim, subpar.

Second, there's policy that goes under the names "regulatory reform" or "regulatory relief"[2] Here, the regulations themselves are not subject to change or reduction, only the effort by the government to do meaningful enforcement is cut. This is what we see around the US role and reaction to the 2007-2008 global financial crisis. Laws that could have been used to prevent this event, or to prosecute the executives responsible, do exist. Violations are simply not prosecuted.[3]

For others who are asking about measurable ways government regulation has decreased[4], don't look as the size of the CFR, look at the relationship of the regulations with existing business practices and the current low-enforcement regulatory regime.

Finally, one might ask, if the regulations are so business-friendly and enforcement so lax, why hasn't the size of the regulatory workforce shrunk? Well, of course it has, but also, a big regulatory regime is a barrier to entry for competitors. The most profitable companies don't want competition, so they are happy to have regulators help them ensure that what they do is legal, while making sure that compliance is expensive and difficult enough to deter new entries into the markets.

[1] http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/dalbo/regulatory_capture_pu...

[2] https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1981/11/15/u...

[3] https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/05/books/review/the-chickens...

[4] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15023063
That's still lifestyle. Say "grocery stores" instead of "restaurants" and now we're talking cost of living.
Once you leave the Bay Area, it becomes exponentially more difficult to come back, so the what-if scenario of this employment expiring becomes a real threat to financial viability.
Awesome! I love the recent trend of making these books freely available.
Ah good memories... The train was always special to me when growing up in India. I went from Goa to Nagpur by train - more than a 24 hour trip when I was in college. The summer trips were just wicked - enduring 45C+ temperatures without air conditioning. But I rarely traveled alone (and rarely sober too) and there was always some older dude spewing wisdom about how the younger generation was "corrupted". We'd just laugh about it over cigarettes - which were not allowed in the compartment but still - you got to smoke when you got to smoke. And you got to drink when you got to drink.
After living in the US for the past 17 years now I don't think I'm going to have the capacity to make journeys like that again. Kids, family and times are way to hectic. Luckily I haven't transformed into the "old dudes" who complain about the "younger generation".
Surely you can see that an adoption of this strategy results in an inefficient allocation of resources...

It doesn't truly benefit you, hurts the merchant, increases prices for everyone.
Can you elaborate on how that specific fraud and corruption would work?

Many states and some entire countries simply don't fund themselves by stealing from people's paycheck, but usually passively tax other kinds of transactions.

There are lots of opportunities using combinations of the 50 states, territories and non-US jurisdictions.
> They are liable for bad medical behavior (particularly if deliberate)

Malpractice is in many senses a reduced standard of negligence liability compared to that faced by the general public, since it turns on established professional practice in the field not objective reasonableness in the circumstances.
this is pretty cool! why do you use multiple packages like torch and tensorflow ?
>Under this hypothesis, the struggles of the ugly and socially-unskilled may be less emotionally compelling because they are less likable and so we have less empathy for them.

The ends up being the reason they should be considered for protective group status ends up being the same reason they would not pass any such consideration.