skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> As a far as I can tell, an "optional type system" is
> just an unsound type system with a marketing name.

It is a term with a specific meaning. The key bit separating it from both gradual typing and a static type system with a dynamic type (like Scala or C#) is that in an optionally typed language, the type system has zero runtime effect. If you were to take a source file and mechanically strip out all of the type annotations, the resulting program behaves identically to the original one.

Dart 1.0 was an optionally typed language. Dart 2.0 is not -- we've gone to a mandatory static type system (with lots of inference and a dynamic type). The limitations of optional typing are simply too onerous, and it's just not what users expected or want.

> Any decent static type system would allow one to
> progressively increase the level of typing, the weakest
> form being using a Variant type to hold all other types.

That's the dream of optional typing and gradual typing. In practice, I have yet to see a language that does this harmoniously. It sounds simple, but things quickly get very complex when you start working with generic types and first-class functions because the boundary between the untyped and typed code gets very strange. To keep the guarantees you expect inside your typed code, you have to figure out how to handle untyped data that flows into it. That gets nasty very quickly when that untyped data may be an instance of a generic class or a function.
What It Feels Like, Sometimes
Improving air conditioner efficiency could reduce worldwide temps
I have no idea why you are being downvoted.

In Rust, this was handled the right way. The Result type forces you to at least actively dispose of the error.

In Go, it's just way too easy to leave an error unhandled.
I can certainly see why they'd want to get people on a different flight as early as possible. This article just has a weird tone as if overbooking is a huge problem and the airlines are stuck with involuntary bumping unless they can figure out some novel technique.
That's such a great compliment. Thanks!
Saw a commercial for AWN on TV this morning, seems like a pretty good idea.
Show HN: Sheriff Generator, an App for Creating the Hottest Emoji Sheriff Memes
there is the godep tool that addresses the issue https://github.com/tools/godep

> godep helps build packages reproducibly by fixing their dependencies
I mean, the post you're replying to gives reasons why they didn't take that approach, and this reply seems vaguely insulting.
So, 5mph on roads that already have tracks for the car to follow and barriers for it to see on either side. Curbs that aren't buried. Street signs and lights lining the road.

I live 5 miles outside of the nearest town and frequently have to drive long before a plow hits the road and long before it has warmed up enough for blacktop to be visible. That video doesn't even prove they can handle ACTUAL conditions when it's snowing in anything but the most ideal situation and at a speed that would require me spending 4 hours to get to work.

I mean... it's better than nothing but it's definitely not something that changes my mind on it being ridiculous to think that's replacing a human driver anytime soon.
IFTTT Uber Channel
C Sharp Digest
I always find works like the Dictionarire Infernal to be a fascinating trip down a rabbit hole. It's not even a compilation of folk demons (although I'm sure some appear in here), as much as it's an earnest D&D Monster Manual, or editing Wookiepedia. It's hard to imagine if I was writing it taking it as anything more than escapism.

Of course the flip side of this book is De Coelesti Hierarchia, which defines angelology with a hierarchy and different types to closely mimic contemporary feudal society. ("How can you have a kingdom, without a minor land barons? Let's make some up!")

If it was just scholarship that something, but it's no even that, it's more pseudo-scholarship.

Religion is a hell of a drug.
1,000 days of freeCodeCamp
I still find it difficult to install and use Go.
In Haskell (and I believe Scala), one can use pragma hints to specify to the compiler when to specialise, if performance becomes a problem. So I don't see this as an argument against parametric polymorphism.
My first thought as well. These NEAs probably already had a mechanism for managing their coin, and so wanted to consolidate, rather than have a separate "MIT wallet"
Well, you might think it is a terrible solution but it is widely used. Recent examples that come to my mind: Things 3 and Affinity Photo (was not upgrade but it was still discounted on launch).
Using interface{} you never get implicit/silent conversion, so Go type system is strong (and static obviously). It just lack parametric polymorphism.
I thought of a cool application . You could use this to generate desktop photos for desktop environments that are either localized to a place you are near or the user could type in a location that they want to see .
Once 5G surpases wired ethernet there will probably be a reduction in the chokehold telecom companies currently have over their customers. Obviously there will be a mad scramble to buy all the available frequencies, but even then the market will be less of a monopoly solely as a result of airwaves being easier to deliver thus increasing competition.
No. It's more like you took a burger that someone else owned and prevented him from doing what he wants with it. It is an encroachment on the rights of others.
For me it is all about the world building, the practicalness of the universe presented. Dune had a decade of planning go into it before the first book was written. The rest did not have that amount of background effort and it shows. After the first book it all feels like he's making it up as he goes along, instead of drawing on an encyclopedia.

Children of Dune had the most egregious problem with this. Trying here to not spoil the plot for you, but at towards the end (page 329 of 408 in my edition) Leto discovers something profound. The backstory to introduce this was first mentioned on the previous page. It didn't use some bit of trivial from the first two books, and he couldn't be bothered to write it 300 pages earlier either. (Feel free to email me when you think you've reached that part.) The later novels are slightly better, then he's writing these new discoveries into the previous chapter.

Re-reading Dune has always been pleasurable for me. You can feel it is just the tip of an iceberg and tease out the history by reading between the lines. The other books lurch from one deus ex machina to another.

Ender's Game is also largely about consequences too. Humanity wins the fight and destroys the big bad, but this doesn't happen at the end of the book. There is still a third of the story left to mull over the consequences.

edit: Slight spoilers, but nearly all of the later Dune books essentially allow anyone to come back from the dead. He never once explores the ramifications of this. What happens if you try to bring back multiple copies of someone at once? Does every cell in our body really carry the full weight of our entire past experience? What about identical twins? What if you blended the nucleus of one person with the mitochondria of a second and the cellular plasma of a third?
Or does the procedure somehow tap into the soul? Is god annoyed that the natural cycle is broken? Does the process damage the soul? Never once delves into any of this, instead it is used only as a cop-out to avoid creating new characters.
What makes you think I haven't? I've travelled a lot.
Hey, I just added the `-no-links` option to the package, along with plaintext mode :)
I think Python was too ingrained to pull a "Python 3"; Go is newer, and this could be more like a "Swift 3".

Break early and then stabilize for a long time; just make sure everybody knows the plan.
I mean... you're not wrong...
So... Just like checked exceptions in Java?
That $1.3 billion is in the context of a program that spent $553 billion in FY 2016.

http://www.kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/total-medicaid-s...

Medicare and Medicaid fraud are real problems, but conservatives like to overstate them, as they like to overstate fraud in the "Lifeline" program.
1 TB storage on Google Drive is $10 (100GB is $2). No bandwidth pricing.
This is just another way of saying fuck generics. They really can't see any solvable problems after years of people asking for generics?
It's fairly hard to figure this out. What follows is a really bad comparison between Apollo & Curiosity, which completely ignores tech advancement, the difference between a moon flight and a mars flight, the length of time for each mission, the amount of data collected, and a whole lot of other stuff.

The cost of Apollo program in 1973 was reported as ~$25 billion. In 2016 dollars, ~$135 billion. The Apollo program made 6 manned landings (I'm going to ignore non-landing missions as we're talking about rovers & consider them part of the development cost for the program).

The curiosity mission was reported as costing $2.5 billion in 2011 ($2.6 billion in 2016 dollars).

So with some really bad math (as noted earlier):

- dollars per manned moon mission = 135/6 = 22.5 billion

- dollars per unmanned mars mission = 2.6 billion

- For the cost of 1 manned moon mission, we could have ~8 (22.5/2.6) unmanned mars missions.
Just use an editor that has goimports hooked up to run on save.
Seriously though Kyle if you are reading this, figure out how to time or space out your pop-ups. It's a little intense.
It seems strange to me to announce Go 2.0 without any firm idea of what's going to change.
As much as I want them to fix the big things like lack of generics, I hope they fix some of the little things that the compiler doesn't catch but could/should. One that comes to mind is how easy it is to accidentally write:

for foo := range(bar)

Instead of:

for _, foo := range(bar)

When you just want to iterate over the contents of a slice and don't care about the indices. Failing to unpack both the index and the value should be a compile error.
Awesome! I attempted the same approach, but after discovering a cheap gas concentration sensor (MQ-135, tunable to CO2) I abandoned the audio approach for a minimum of data processing. I get very accurate bubble detection and highly recommend it :-)
I don't know how much of the stuff associated with ceremonial magic can be called "christian mythology", since most of it was only attested pretty late, between the 15th and 17th centuries, at a time when Christianity was already pretty well established in Europe. Plus, it didn't enjoy widespread currency. Partially because it implied unlawful practices under both Church and local laws. But either way, it's much too restricted to be called a "mythology".

"Christian mythology" would be more along the lines of folk tales concerning the Virgin Mary and the saints, the Tetramorph, the hierarchies of angels and the Great Chain of Being.
To add to the other comments about using bittorrent, Academic Torrents [0] is trying to solve this problem. I don't think they're that popular yet, but they aim to address some of the issues with bittorrent already highlighted in the other posts.

[0] http://academictorrents.com/
Not the GP, but you can think about generics as a better kind of interfaces :

- performance wise: no dynamic dispatch, means no virtual function call, means faster code.

- type safety: let say I want a data structure that can store anything but everything in it must be the same type. You just can't do that with Go's current type system without introspection (which is cumbersome and really slow).

Generics already exists in Go : maps, slices and channels and generic, and it was mandatory for performance reason. The problem of not having generics is that the community can't build its own implementation of useful data structures : for instance, until the last release Go lacked a thread-safe map. That's fine, let's use a library for that … Nope, can't implement that because, “no generics”.

Generics are rarely useful in your own code, but they allow people to create good abstractions in their libraries. Without generics, the ecosystem growth is limited.
Maybe humans are just early in general. Who knows, maybe intelligent life evolution will peak in several billion years and we were just ahead of the curve.
While I agree with the sense I get in general that modern, digital catalogs are better for search than the older, analog catalogs, I feel it has gotten worse for myself, and possibly others like me exist, that were not looking for something specific. I enjoyed the discovery possible by browsing through a card catalog - with lots of information without having to walk and scan through the stacks like I was looking for something specific.

Improvements are always being made, but my memory of the first digital catalogs are that they were highly specific, so other than finding other books by a specifically searched for author, discovery was severely limited. I hated digital catalogs at first. And for many smaller libraries, I find walking through the stacks easier than trying to discover something via the digital catalog.
Considering it's once weekly, tolerance would decrease significantly back towards baseline - ketamine is 99% eliminated in 21 hours (7 half-lives). iirc the mechanism is BDNF expression and reverting neuron energy metabolism conditions - one could potentially speak of the antidepressant effect of exercise also increasing in tolerance via that mechanism, but what I know about what we know so far makes it seem like it is worth the decrease in anhedonic/depressive symptoms.

The other options are pretty much worse, although more common:

- a daily SSRI (thus increases tolerance much faster), and has a larger range of significant side effects, such as anorgasmia, increased depression or emergence of suicidal tendencies, weight gain, "electric zaps"/spontaneous muscle spasm/discontinuation syndrome for months after cessation, dulled affect, increased proclivity towards serotonin syndrome

- leaving depression untreated
The entire point of my discovery project was to NOT just use new kinds of card catalog cards, but to instead do discovery on individual sentences.

I think that new kinds of card catalog cards could also be pretty novel and interesting, for example I'd love to build a histogram of all of the dates seen in a book and include that in the card catalog card.
Pix2Pix demo that mimics the facial expression of the German chancellor
> perhaps they can read the literature of the past 30yrs

You realize this post is talking about Go right? /s
> they get defensive, almost like you are threatening their identity by saying a computer can do it.

It's a fairly common reaction from most people. Hayao Miyazaki, director of Spirited Away, got very upset after being shown a demo of AI doing animation:

https://qz.com/859454/the-director-of-spirited-away-says-ani...
There are easy ways to deal with block chain size, many of which are in use already.

The only proposals on the table for off chain storage add profiteering middle men to the system. I'd rather pay for storage.
Well I wouldn't say overpaid.

You know a lot more than you think you know.

You have more experience than you think.

Fix a few bugs probably takes way more skill and knowledge than you give yourself credit for.

Software and the Web is an amazing tool and generates lots of value.

You have to skills and knowledge to build/improve it, that's amazing.

I'm not sure it's a bubble but enjoy the ride, nothing is forever.
The idea of needing to come up with use cases for generics is baffling. The existence of generics in numerous other languages already support of plethora of use cases. I really don't get that statement at all.
I think 1.8 addressed the issue.

https://golang.org/doc/go1.8#gopath
Meh. Even smart people do dumb things with languages other than PHP.

Any language with string interpolation can create sql injection vulnerabilities, for example. PHP's docs encourage the right pattern, as do Ruby's, but... https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/2464
> Java`s generics have had issues due to use site variance

Use site variance can be really powerful when you're dealing with invariant data structures like Lists. You can then treat them like covariant or contravariant depending on a particular method call at hand.
How to Understand Your Customers Before Launch
"All of those should be generic, but aren't."

I think even more damning then "these should be generic" is that there should be more of them. The real problem is the lack of generics inhibits the introduction of more data structures because they are hard to use.

It is true that arrays and maps/hashes take you a long way, but there's a lot of other useful data structures in the world. And despite the fact they may look easy at first, data structure code tends to be notoriously difficult to write both correctly and with high performance.
Not really a segment user anymore but I'm desperately lonely and want someone to reply to me. So i will say something negative about it, hopefully a segment employee will reply.

I was a segment user for years and then analytics.js murdered my pet pig, then bragged about it on twitter. Users worried about the security breach in my young startup all vanished and I received a Series B funding of negative 7.5million, bankrupting my company. Thanks for nothing segment.
Searching for books using analog cards just has a certain warmth and pleasing aesthetic which digital is tragically missing. - library hipster
Stupidly, I missed Ruby/Python from going too quickly right at the beginning. Then missed Ada/VHDL from never having heard of VHDL, and I thought "oh, looks like Ada."

Anyway, fun stuff. I laughed when Piet came up.
JetBlue, which does not oversell tickets, bumped .92 out of 10,000 passengers in 2016,
"way behind United" (see article).

source: https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/04/16/1-us-airline-never...
There is so much boilerplate you have to write that productivity drops considerably, both because you have to re-re-re-re-implement things (or use code generation) and because you need to scan lot's of redundant code before making sense of it.

The alternative is often to just use interface{}, which hurts performance and type safety.
I'm sorry that you read it as a personal attack, I did not mean for it to read that way. I was merely pointing out something that I consider to be designed contrary to security best practices in response to a comment about security best practices.

I'm glad to hear things have changed in the code however, and wish you the best with the rewrite.
Create an ordered set or bloom filter type for Go and let us know how you make out.
TLDR:

The calving of the 1.1 trillon ton ice berg (2x amount of water used in the US each year) marks the end of a decades long splintering, first seen by satellites in the 1960s.

1. What's next? It will drift north along the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, then northeast into the south Atlantic Ocean. Likely no threat to ships navigating the area. Can take months to splinter apart.

2. Is this climate change? Calving is a natural process and Antarctica is not breaking apart, but climate change can't be ruled out.

3. What does it mean for Antarctica? Not much on its own, but could be a signal that other major changes are on the way. Paying attention to the Thwaites Glacier, which could raise sea levels 10 feet if it collapses.

4. Will it make the oceans rise? barely (0.1 mm)

5. Politics: The calving was barely noticed on Capitol Hill, which is distracted by a bitter health care debate, federal budget bills, and the controversy surrounding President Trump and Russia.

P.S.: Read the full article -- it's worth it and has interesting illustrations showing the scale of the event.
They're already getting the profit. If the flight was fully booked and someone didn't show up, that seat was still paid for. To me, it really should have been reserved for that passenger, present or not. Reselling a no-show's seat is double dipping on profits.
> so was C# 2.0.

True, but C# also has nominal types, overloading, and explicit interface implementation. Adding generics without breaking existing code without those features looks very difficult to me.
Exactly. I can't think of many wars where the belligerents were really different from each other.

American Civil War: many were actual relatives! ("brother vs. brother")
WWI: English are descended from Germanic tribes, French are closely related to Germans too.
WWII: Same as WWI mainly; Italians aren't very different from French/English/Americans. Americans/Japanese were a pretty big difference though. But Japanese/Chinese isn't that big a difference, relative to non-easterners.

The people who promote wars frequently try to cast the enemy as alien, in order to rile up support for the war and to get soldiers to participate.
That sweet spot has nothing to do with compilation or Docker, and everything with the rise of Electron. Before, an app was built with native UI libraries, running on Python with core elements in C++ for speed. After, a simple app (like Slack or WhatsApp desktop) will eat 300-500mb, use 1-10% CPU and chew through your battery alive.
> Conversely, I would stop using Go in my projects if it introduces generics

Depending how they're implemented, you might not have to use them (even via libraries). Not using the language altogether is a bit dramatic.
> Or, worse, adopt it as the way to do things.

Thompson, Ritchie and Kernighan admit that Unix was a prank

http://www.stokely.com/lighter.side/unix.prank.html
I suspect the authors of Golang got drunk, and challenged each other to see how many times they could get people to type 'if err != nil' in the next decade.
> The question is _why_ do you need generics

Why do we need anything beyond assembler?
The “Doomsday” glacier that could raise sea level by 10 ft
Ooh that sounds very interesting, I'd be interested in how that works, do you put the co2 sensor near the airlock and notice 'peaks' of co2 from it, when bubbles come through.

Or is the sensor in the fermenter itself and you're kind of measuring the pressure?
Towards (Django) Channels 2.0
This is mentioned on page 6. They agree it's limitation of the current tuning method. https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.03491
Or pick a language where you don't have to jump through arbitrary hoops.
A calendar of the upcoming 100M anniversaries:

$ for x in {15..21}
> do
> printf '%2d %s\n' $x "$(
> env TZ=UTC date -d "@$(($x*100000000))"
> )"; done
15 Fri 14 Jul 02:40:00 UTC 2017
16 Sun 13 Sep 12:26:40 UTC 2020
17 Tue 14 Nov 22:13:20 UTC 2023
18 Fri 15 Jan 08:00:00 UTC 2027
19 Sun 17 Mar 17:46:40 UTC 2030
20 Wed 18 May 03:33:20 UTC 2033
21 Fri 18 Jul 13:20:00 UTC 2036

It's neat how they seem to roll around every pi years.

>>> 1e8 / (3600 * 24 * 365.25)
3.168808781402895
>>> math.pi
3.141592653589793
It is a very wise practice from a soft power perspective.
Generics have never stopped me from building in Go... But without them I often do my prototyping in python, javascript, or php.

Working with batch processing I'm often changing my maps to lists or hashes multiple times during discovery. Go makes me rewrite all my code each time I change the variable type.
I think I'll check this book out. Taxonomy is still a hard problem in terms of digital information theory, so I'm interested in how it was managed in a system in which storage was scalability had much harder physical limits.
This, to me, seems to be the biggest issue. What former lawyer is going to accept a $45k salary as a junior dev?

That said, there definitely are product/management roles that would benefit from having programming knowledge.
C has a bit of a safeguard in that the programmer has to be at least smart enough to get it to compile.
Securing Elections Remains Surprisingly Controversial
Licensing was THE reason Apple didn't update their GCC version in Xcode and switched over to Clang/LLVM. IANAL and my history is a bit hazy but the things that Apple wanted to support and the way they wanted to go about doing it was not compatible with the GPL.
The A8 autonomy is only for freeway traffic jams. What you linked does not seem to be an example of that.