skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Here's my attempt at an explanation, after reading the article.

Most companies' networks have edge routers (which sit at the points where they connect to other networks) and core routers (which manage the flow of traffic inside the network. All these routers basically use a standard protocol called BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) which is defined by RFC 4271.

However, BGP was still designed from the view of individual machines making routing decisions and announcing routes to each other that collectively make up the whole Internet. This helps the Internet as a whole be quite resilient – if one network goes down, there are still ways to route traffic through to other networks. Also, since the protocol is standard, you can swap out one vendor's gear for another at will (in theory anyway) as long as you know how to configure it correctly.

But this leads to some inefficiency – for instance, it is very hard to say that a path with fewer hops will lead to lower latency. What Google seems to have done is to make their edge routers into one single "intelligent" network, where the edge routers don't make routing decisions on their own, but feed their data into a central server. This central server can then say stuff like "My peering router in NYC seems to be under heavy load, let me redirect some of my traffic to NYC destinations through the NJ datacenter instead", or something to that effect; while still doing the correct BGP announcements from the point of view of Level3 or whoever is peering.

In short, they built their internal network from the ground up since they are so big they can afford to build custom routing gear instead of using the standard off-the-shelf, standardized setup that a small or medium-sized company uses. The network consisting of their custom edge routers (all the green blobs) together is called Espresso and represented by a light grey circle.
yep, I opened up the inspector, deleted the div covering the content and read it just fine...
At least one, myself. It's beautiful in actual print and I feel much smarter when I read it. In my case it jolts me out of the tech-tunnel-vision and the mix of sciences and humanities I find it refreshing. I kick myself for not reading it more often.
You could wear special adversarial clothing for example, or even just project adversarial images onto pavement, walls, poles, road signs, and other reflective surfaces.
Howdy, I'm Carlos. I made Thoughtwriter to avoid losing all my best ideas in long notes (I have 2000 notes in Evernote, many of which are more than a thousand words long.) I've been using Thoughtwriter for the past year in various forms, and figured I'd finally polish and share it.

I don't use Evernote anymore, and now often write thousands of words a day, solve various problems, and keep just 5-10 keywords to remember the solutions. Rather than being buried piles of text, my best ideas are now stored in a short list I can review in seconds.

I'd love to get feedback on how to improve Thoughtwriter, and see if anyone else has experimented with a workflow like this.
My memory may be a bit fuzzy on this. But I believe one way the term "dynamics" is used in her work is in reference to the space of Riemann surfaces (or equivalently, the space of hyperbolic geometries on a surface). This space is called moduli space. Certain topological operations on the surface (e.g. twisting a "handle") give rise to a corresponding transformation on moduli space. So one of the things mathematicians in this area can study is the dynamics of such operations on moduli space. This means, for example,
studying the behavior of these operations on moduli space, in the limit.

Also, to a mathematician, "dynamics" can often simply mean studying the behavior of iterations of a single function from a space to itself. So the parameter "t" in this case is over the positive integers (or all integers if the function has an inverse).
Of course it does..
Looking at TAPL, it seems like a good text coming at things from the theoretical computer science angle. I'm unsure how exactly to branch out from there, since my own background is more in math logic. So prob best to take my recommendations with that in mind (I think there's a ton of work in CS in the last 20 years that I'm just totally unfamiliar with).

You could check out Lambek and Scott (1970s), which is excellent. Also Girard (citation for this one was in TAPL). I also think Martin Lof himself is pretty good for the feel of things, but he has always seemed kind of cryptic and mystical to me. There are also some good videos on YouTube that Steve Awodey (CMU) recorded for more intro/motivation. I'd also add Vovodsky's three Bernays lectures on YouTube for the general idea of using typed lambda calculus vs set theory as foundations.

Sociologically, my impression is that most mathematicians trust that the usual axioms of set theory are consistent and safely ignore them. So, yes -- they choose axioms in their own field that are known to be derivable in set theory. Even in intro Analysis textbooks, where the role of set theoretic axioms themselves can be pretty easily extracted from the construction of the reals, I don't think you'd see set theoretic axioms explicitly appealed to (might be wrong about this). In constructive mathematics, it ends up mattering where Choice is used I guess. And it matters how these uses can be "constructivized." But constructive analysis is primarily motivated by foundational considerations. So it is not really an example of ordinary mathematics. Some axioms, like Regularity, are almost never even implicitly used outside of set theory itself except in very specific cases.

Most every case where there is a question of whether a given bit of mathematics is derivable from the usual axioms of set theory arise only within set theory itself (CH, measurability of projective sets of reals, etc), and so such questions are easy to ignore for the vast majority of mathematicians. They simply don't care that much about logic and set theory aside from "just working" under the hood, as it were.
True enough. It was the best metaphor I could come up with. Maybe scratchpaper? (But you throw away scratchpaper. In this app, you erase everything when you're done, which is more like a whiteboard.)
can you make the dark/light theme setting persistent
On the other hand, Bitcoin ABC puts a 40 billion dollar network in the hands of one developer. Nevermind the other dozen or so who have context and expertise from maintaining the codebase for years.
> I understand this is purely anecdotal, but it seems outlandish to say that Python devs mostly use Python 2.

Then I guess it's a good thing I didn't say that. I said the majority of the ones I know use it.
Thomas H. Ptacek (Ptáček) wrote a 2015 update to 'Cryptographic Right Answers'.

https://gist.github.com/tqbf/be58d2d39690c3b366ad#ptacek-Cry...
I don't know how popular this will be, but yes.

I've made $1M - $1.5M the last few years. As someone who grew up poor, that feels like a major accomplishment. Even if I can't talk about it with most people (only my mom & wife know), it's still a source of internal pride.

We have small children & I've fully funded their 529s. Knowing they won't have to worry about that, even if things go south for me, makes me feel like a good father/provider.

My mom is getting on her age. She doesn't have a lot saved, as it was hard being a single mom raising a large family alone, let alone saving for retirement. She used to tell me she'll just work until she dies & she was determined to never be a burden. The only reason I've shown her my W2s is not to brag, but to tell her, emphatically, she can (should!) retire and I will take care of her.

Oddly, the first years I made that much, I found it very stressful.

I kept thinking "I'm going to fuck this up & regret it for the rest of my life. Tomorrow they're going to realize I'm an idiot & fire me. I just know it." And not like a every so often thing, every month or two. Like every day or two. It's still there, but not as bad.

We've kept our lifestyle & expenses the same. We've been saving as aggressively as I can. Taxes suck, but on the upside, we're not that far from being financially independent. The only exception is at Christmas, I buy my wife something expensive jewelry wise. She's low maintenance, puts up with me, is a wonderful wife, and it's nice to spoil her.

Even knowing that's close is a change psychologically. Even if full independence isn't far off, even closer is theoretically being able to take a 9-5 job, or something much lower level. What's weird is knowing you could walk away from your job, changes the mental stress on you. In fact, knowing that, I think I'm much more likely to stay in my current job.

I think you could debate if it's money itself that is making me happy, or what it lets me do for others I love dearly, but for me it's basically the same thing. I couldn't do the latter without the former.
> And what happens when the fixed line breaks, somebody kicks up a little silt and you get disoriented as well? (Which is exactly what happened in the article.)

It's not unknown for fixed lines to break. Generally you'd tie-on a spool, and swim forward in the correct general direction until you found the line again. But if the other end had been pulled right out, you could be in trouble! In the system I referred to, there's a spot where the farmer who owned the land above, drilled down into the system to get some water. By a chance in a thousand, he drilled directly through (and severed) the fixed line in one of the main tunnels!

As for silt, a key part of cave diver training (certainly in this part of the world) is being able to perform all skills in a total blackout (whether from silting, loss of light, or whatever). This includes sharing gas, donning and doffing tanks, navigating restrictions, following the line, finding a lost line, and so on. That's just "part of the job", as it were.
Definitely! It's started to annoy me too. I should be able to fix it tomorrow.
Could I use Red in a manner similar to Awk for record processing?
It's a pretty terribly written article and that info graphic is also not very helpful. This article is like two people discussing "inside baseball."

The essence of the article is the evolution of Google's SDN(software defined networking) architecture. They have added SDN to their edge whereas previously SDN existed mostly in their Core it sounds like. The Edge SDN architecture being "Espresso" and the Core SDN architecture being "Jupiter."

There is also some fishing about what exactly is Google's network hardware that runs all this.

The following article is far more brief but far more informative in my opinion:

https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/google-brings-sdn-p...

This is a white paper about Jupiter mentioned in the article and infographic:

https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.c...

And there's some good resources here for just learning about SDN here:

https://www.opennetworking.org/sdn-resources/sdn-definition
Yes....that's the way it is set up at Amazon, and I recall one time a page from my little teams project with no revenue or customer implications for downtime managed to make it all the way to one level below Bezos before it was acked (this was 1am after Thanksgiving, 2012).
Situs Poker Online Yang Aman Dan Terpercaya – Judi Poker99
That sounds pretty sweet. I'd love to know where that is, if you don't mind sharing.

The problem about the "moving on" from bad workplaces is that it's hard to tell if your next workplace is going to be the same, even looking at reviews, like Glassdoor. Plus you're taking a fairly big risk to move to a new job. There's a lot of bait-and-switch type things going on, both in terms of role and culture.

For example, in one job I worked at, I hired on as an embedded engineer, but then I ended up writing a big data solution (and did nothing embedded).

In terms of culture it's very unlikely you'll meet the toxic members of the group, or be exposed to any of the politics during the interview. People will be on their best behavior, not their normal behavior. I have found that asking straightforward questions and trying to use my Bene Gesserit powers of truthsaying to see if they're putting me on has a pretty good S/N ratio. Also looking for that tired/sad/dejected/depressed look of random people in the hallways.
More importantly, I think, is the connection HN's operators felt to Steve Jobs --- for whatever reason, and don't discount that for some of them that reason could be pretty personal and authentic.

I could not agree more with you about these discussions, which occur at the bottom of every thread about any recently deceased, like a sort of ghoulish, amoral Slashdot "first post" contest. It is not OK to litigate how strangers choose to relate grief, least of all in their own damn house.
As one former employee said, explaining why he joined the company, it seemed like a “libertarian playground where the best would rise to the top.” But, he said, “I quickly realized that environment also means work becomes a blood sport.”

A libertarian is someone who is hell bent on discovering exactly why and how societies choose to govern themselves, the hard way.
This problem is even worse in the UC system. All STEM related classes are easily >50% Chinese international students. They are extremely insular and hang out/study exclusively with other Chinese. It wouldn't be so bad if it didn't mean effectively cutting in half the fellow students you can turn to for support in a class. They should really force the point of integration, rather than using these kids as paychecks to the detriment of local students.
"The latest".... lol
So there is a NotTheOnion department on Hacker News?
We haven't explored the Kindle Singles world as much as we'd like. How does a person hear about a Single? How does one of them catch fire and become a big seller? Is it up to the author to promote them, or are there websites/periodicals/Twitter feeds/whatever that have a lot of influence on sales?
https://www.yelp.com/careers/home
(let me know if you want to chat)

And yeah, especially as you gain more experience/skills/system knowledge, moving on gets hard. Culture especially is interesting, as often there's tradeoffs between culture and role and interesting problems to solve.
I loved details like the following: " In blunt purpose, then, the Gorgoneion is in the same category as gargoyles and scarecrows; in later centuries, it was in fact used on tiled roofs and temple structures to frighten off birds."

Growing up in Greece, I remember many tiled roofs that had edge tiles (akrokeramo) with heads. Never made the connection. Here are some samples: http://akrokerama.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/blog-post_5.html
I remember a time where you could embed js and css in the forums. I never want farther than seeing if I could steal my own login cookie (being new to js I was sure I just had to have overlooked something) and change posts of a user without that user seeing that change haha (test user also being myself, in some god forsaken part of the forum nobody used), then backed off that stuff for fear of being banned and made little "utilities" like expanding text boxes, and pretty stylesheets of course. There was just nooooobody paying attention, I can absolutely vouch for that.
Bitcoin does serve a useful purpose! It is perhaps not obvious to someone like you who don't seem to be a user. Or if you can't imagine how Bitcoin can help improve the world, you are probably only considering your little bubble, and not thinking about the other 7 billion human beings who are much less fortunate than you, economically, professionally, politically, financially.

Overall, Bitcoin reduces friction, enables transactions that would not otherwise take place, and protects people from losing their cash/savings in various situations. Here are just a few examples of problems of the existing financial system that Bitcoin solves:

- Credit card being denied while in a foreign country because the system accidentally tagged it as fraudulent

- Merchants unable to sell online and accept credit cards due to their market segment encountering high CC fraud

- Person unable to quickly and cheaply send remittance to family in foreign country

- Countries confiscating savings accounts of citizens (eg. Cyprus in 2014)

- Countries running their currency to the ground (Venezuela in 2017, Zimbabwe hyperinflation, USSR collapse, etc)

- DEA stealing innocent people carrying cash thanks to civil forfeiture laws (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/07/dea-asset-forfeitur...
http://priceonomics.com/how-police-officers-seize-cash-from-...)

- Bitcoin helping Chinese bypass GFW censorship (https://www.larrysalibra.com/hop-over-the-great-firewall-wit...)

- Paypal freezing for months the account of someone asking for donations for an expensive medical treatment (quite a few news stories about similar situations)

I could go on and on.
That was my initial thought as well. But, low disk space on the master DB? And you need a human to go futz around with it? There is either a whole lot of missing monitoring and automation, or those are completely worthless pages.

I understand the freakout, i assume it could take down the site. But, like, not responding to a page is like the very last on the list of things to fix. Calling in random engineer is pretty much last ditch, hail mary, the world is on fire, oh fuck we're going to go out of business disaster. At a certain point, you kind of have to assume one possibility is your oncall person is dead. Whatcha gonna do then?

I seriously doubt all of their careful high availability planning failed. I would bet their paging is (hopefully was) just stupid.
Micromanagement can kill motivation, employee creativity and job satisfaction
I think Fincher should make a movie about Uber.
Blameless post mortems only work when you know that engineers or whoever is on call are operating in good faith. From Pham's first email, it seems like there is some question whether that was the case, because the engineer repeatedly acked the pages without resolving any issue:

>The on-call engineer received/acknowledged three alerts about master database being low on disk space, but ignored it. This is not acceptable,” Pham wrote in the email, sent to more than 3,500 employees and obtained by BuzzFeed News. “We are looking to determine whether this is negligence or whether a different on-call engineer could have reasonably missed the alerts amidst a flood of other alerts from the systems at that time.”

I think the timing of the statement was bad - it should have been a result of the post mortem if it was negligence, and not so explicitly stated publicly going in, if only because it can tarnish someone's reputation even if it turns out not true.
Someone Bought Every Possible “machinelearning” TLD
It's not alienation; it's isolation. Trust me. I even asked a few.
Show HN: Dynamically display badge images based on build data from Jenkins
> In college I took several business classes, and one was about Southeast Asian business. The professor said ... there's this spectrum of stress level. You want workers to be as stressed as possible, but not over the line...

Anyone have links/references that name and describe this business style?
> Before someone mentions sandstorm or cloudron - these don't solve the problem and ironically are complicated to install themselves.

I have used both but Cloudron is ridiculously easy to install. Like 3 commands - https://cloudron.io/get.html. What in that do you find hard?
Show HN: Use TypeScript with preact-cli
Support Vector Machines from Scratch – The Math of Intelligence[video]
From the article, it is stated that the oncall engineer acked the pages for low disk space repeatedly but never took any corrective actions. So, escalation wasn't exercised in this case because the engineer tricked the system into thinking they handled it.
Cave line doesn't break easily. Having a boulder fall on it isn't a normal or expected event.
Not really, because it would meant that their semantics weren't accounted for.

As an example, IBM just released yesterday a new mainframe model.

z/OS is a totally different animal compared with POSIX based OSes or Windows, starting by the file system, catalog based.
I like it too, but for larger projects I think Jinja lets you repeat yourself less.
Exchanges don't care about any particular coin. They only care about their users. If their customers demand trading of segwit2x then that's what what will happen. There could be a lot of opportunity for trading segwit2x because the volatility which is what traders like. Same goes for all other bitcoin forks, it's going to be a trading bonanza for the exchanges!
Thanks - that's a good datapoint.

> Culture especially is interesting, as often there's tradeoffs between culture and role and interesting problems to solve.

100% true in my experience. For interesting problems, there's always an endless list of applicants, which almost allows for those companies to abuse their employees. Same for the game industry.
Well that's a very long, defensive way of saying "no"...
Ash HN: Circuit and modeling challenges similar to Coding challenge sites?
If I want to start learning electronics or CAD modeling I should read some books or go through some video lectures.

So, like many coding challenge websites we have. Is it good to create circuit/modelling challenge websites ?

Because using coding challenge we have become self learners.

So, Is it good idea to build the platform something like creating challenges to make people practice ?
Do you have any examples? I'd never heard this before.
From the article, it's not that the engineer never responded. The engineer acknowledged the pages but never did anything to correct the problem beyond that. I agree with you though that a random engineer might not have the tools and knowledge ready to fix something like that, but that is why you can let the pages escalate until you wake someone up who does.
I feel there is already a decentralized exchange: openbazaar. That has the advantage of a decentralized reputation system and a head start in network effects.
Equality should at least have the property that

∀ f, x = y ⇒ f(x) = f(y)

In a constructive theory like Boyer-Moore, all variables have a concrete representation, and functions can look into that representation. Thus, for EQUAL to have the property above, the representation must be the same.

In Boyer-Moore theory, there's no "hiding", in the sense of an object with private members. One could define a "weak equality" for sets which were lists of values, true if the same values were in both lists. Weak equality would not require that the lists have the same order. But you couldn't hide the representation. Functions could peek into the list representation, and the property above would not hold. So "weak equality" would not be very useful in proofs.

I once proposed a sort of "object oriented" extension to Boyer-Moore theory. The idea is that you create something like a set represented by lists, prove some theorems about such objects, and then "hide" the private functions that can look into the interior of the representation. Then you can define a weak equality function p. If you can prove ∀ f, p(x,y) ⇒ f(x) = f(y) for every non-hidden function, you have proven that p(x,y) ⇒ x = y. Then, p can be treated as equality. Proving this requires proving it for every function already defined. Any newly defined functions are composed from existing functions, so the equality still holds. There's trouble with newly defined types, though, because they come with some built-in functions such as the type predicate.

If you pursue this, you probably get to some theory of types, but I didn't want to go there, so I gave this up.
You say this and I seem to see a huge amount of spam on HN today, almost as if to prove your point...
You provide great examples, thanks. I guess I was just hoping that the article would spell out those situations as clearly as you did.
Who said we're all just putting spreadsheets on the Internet?

This at least makes that easier...