skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Blame all those cheeky buggers who built machines powered by steam engines or water turbines. They basically built their machines to run on whatever was available. Got a waterwheel doing 1000RPM and you need a big saw attached to it? Your saw will be running at 1000RPM (~16Hz).

So many crazy machines were built before there was either a need or an effective way to standardize anything power related. Keep in mind that many kinds of manipulations of electricity are easy and cheap now, but that certainly wasn't the case when people started converting from steam/water to electricity!
True, except with filecoin you get paid in IPFS.

Anyway, my comment wasn't meant as a total comparison, just focusing on one particular issue.
Google is the problem. I thought they didn't want to be evil.
I said not handling the exception, not that one shouldn't use exceptions. Handling, here, could also mean using callbacks so the C code (using the api) can customize things.

If you expose a C api, using C++ code that involves exceptions, then the exceptions should all be handled (caught) inside the C++ code. This means that should the runtime start unwinding, it will not terminate the program.
Citation isn't needed. If you read one sentence later in my comment you can see I asked readers to look at their logs to confirm my statement. The next sentence after is confirming with my own data that visitor of my site preferred the no-www.

The reason to not use www is in your logs.
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what happens if I type in /user/654322/orders instead of /user/654321/orders? Did I just access someone else's account?
Former Google exec is building a high-tech hat that will make telepathy possible
I recently interviewed a whole string of experienced engineering managers. My interview style tends to be pretty open ended. Most of the folks I interviewed were eager to talk about specific technical achievements they and their team accomplished.

This is understandable. Conquering and deploying a specific technology is hard and feels like a real achievement. That said, I found myself being more interested in each person's specific approach for determining what work to do, quantifying that work, and tracking it to completion. I had a surprisingly difficult time leading the conversation in that direction.

Specifically, I want to know how one interacts with product managers, prioritizes features, determines architecture, distills architecture to actual tasks, and guarantees that those tasks get completed in a timely fashion.
What incentive will people have to vote for the fairer outcome in a dispute?

If people even know of the existence of a dispute, it's almost certainly because they have some personal stake in the outcome, and they will vote for the outcome that benefits them.
Agree. A lot of this cannot be truly understood just by the facts, it seems you somehow need to feel it too.
Cameras are about to get a lot smaller
And the fish samples that are loaded into the sequencer are not the same as the ones in circulating supply.
Your sentence was unidiomatic to this native English speaker - "point" and "out" always belong together in a construct like that.

My offer was a joke, but never mind.
Well, from what I understand, Freenet is a total darknet, with things like sites, email, discussion boards, and so on, whereas ORC is focused just on storage. In fact, ORC is riding on top of tor hidden services, which is also a total darknet.
I'm not talking about crypto --- really, it was an offhand comment about what real advice about structuring code for security looks like, compared to "validate inputs so you don't have XSS" --- and whatever you're proposing is probably something I'd agree with.
> Theft only applies when the item being obtained is unique and belongs to someone else.
...
> Once you share something
...
> Any copies that are made that are not made by you are not morally yours

Sorry, that's a really twisted view of reality. Let me use a hypothetical example to illustrate this:

You hire a bunch of developers and invest a cool million dollars to develop code for an amazing new online browser-based CAD tool. It's a membership site. Members can use this CAD tool behind a login. The tool, which took the bulk of one million dollars to develop is nearly all client side JS based because that's the only choice available.

Again, it took you and your team a whole year and a million dollars. Let's spice this up and say that you had to sell your home to raise a big chunk of that money and have been homeless for a whole year. You've been sleeping on friend's couches during this time.

A year and a monumental effort later you launch this site and start signing-up free and paid users. The site is featured in all CAD-related blogs. It's going great.

Now someone gains access to your site through one of the free promotions and proceeds to copy 100% of your JS code. They use that to then launch a competing site within a couple of months. They charge 1/4 of what you charge because, after all, they just spent a few thousand dollars spinning-up their site because they STOLE the million dollar effort you made in the form of a CAD tool written in JS.

The code wasn't "shared". It is the operating code for an online business. Nobody says "Hey world, I share my code code freely. Here's a pink unicorn to go with that. Enjoy!". No, in fact, there will probably be terms of service as well as comments within the code establishing copyright. The code isn't given away for anyone to copy and launch their own business bypassing all of the effort, financial and time investment. That's ludicrous.

So, your site/service goes down in flames. You have no money to bring legal action. You can't, they are in China. It's impossible. You are broke. Lost all your money. Lost your home and now have no business.

And, yeah, nobody wants you on their couch any more.

In what alternate reality is that not theft?
The book What Color Is Your Parachute? recommended that people looking to make a career change do it in two steps: changing your job/role and then industry/company (or vice versa).
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I meant Initial Coin Offering
Doug Kenney was the best.
It is much easier to fine tune few variables than fine tune human writing. Thus human writing will be easy to determine which side it is siding to.
That's very interesting. I wasn't familiar with this.
Thanks.
Growth hacking doesn’t work when a startup
The motor on my mum's Singer Featherweight model 3-120 sewing machine runs on 110-120 volts 25-75 cycles AC and DC. It was made around 1950.
Don't get me wrong - it's in no way illegal to use A/AAAA-pointers in your zone root.

RFC 1034[0] however, argues for a tree-based structure and lays emphasis on the value of branching. It being 'wrong' might have been too strong a description, how about it being 'improper'?

When I've seen SSH access being offered as a network service and not as a means to administrate other services on a network it's often been under names such as 'shell.example.com' - not exactly your 'ssh' label but an approximation.

0. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034
Regardless, their articles are targeted at India...
So this is basically a simple paper notebook with no special features? Nothing against that, but why advertise it as being more than that?
you're right, that does sound pretty funny. "the database backend was actually on the GPU - it was all in openGL, just in case. We were Mobile first, too - got 1 GFLops on iOS. Unfortunately we sold irrigation controllers for large farms."
I thought this would be more than just a list, that it would contain some information, a brief overview, a table of features of those currencies, but no, it's just a list.
Here's something longer I wrote about JWT:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14292223

I really ought to just suck it up and write a blog post.
A massive volcano that scientists can't find
Clinton owned the Democratic party, they followed her sinking the ship instead of unifying behind someone electable.

Clinton's campaign was 100% continuity and that is what her opposition focused on
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Yes, if you're a supervisor or parent account or something like that.

Preventing flexibility at the URL level rather than performing proper authentication strikes me as a poor decision.
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Generally you’ll just get a 403 response. There’s still authentication taking place, I’d imagine this tip in particular is just to protect from revealing any potentially dangerous identifiers.
It also conveniently makes a CSRF vulnerability easier to exploit. And, as soon as there's more than one of something (e.g. say a family/corp account with an administrator that can do something for different users), it falls apart.
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Support matters a ton if Google suspends your account and deletes your online identity by mistake. I've seen too many stories like it, and somehow people just assume it'll never happen to them.

Gmail's UI was the best thing I ever used... Until FastMail.
We have hot war in Middle East spilling over into Europe...
I think the concern is probably causing damage. In my home it's usually wires that are a problem.
The interview was immediately after the technical test, it's either that or you have to schedule people to come in again, which wastes the time of the good candidates.
While this is pretty neat, it reminds me a lot of Perl tie, which is kinda considered an anti-pattern in modern Perl (though there are places where it still makes sense and is still used). Any data structure in Perl can be connected to a wide variety of backing stores using tie: http://perldoc.perl.org/perltie.html

It was introduced in Perl 5.0, so it's been around for about a quarter century, and it's generic in the sense that there are tons of backends that use the tie interface. BerkeleyDB and gdbm and flat files and probably any DBD SQL database are among the backing store options. But, again, a lot of people think it should be avoided in the general case, even though it seems like a really nice simple solution to a common problem (I've got these hashes/arrays/whatever, and I want to save them on disk so they're persistent and shareable).

This implementation can't delete keys (yet?) which seems to limit its utility for general purpose tasks. I also wonder about reliability. When I first started reading I assumed it'd be used for small things, but he's working with a 32GB file shared across multiple processes. That's a lot of opportunity for data corruption.
THANK YOU EVERYONE! What an amazing set of answers. I'll be exploring a lot of these over the coming weeks.
They were hit by a DDoS that was so big it's suspected to be a nation state. Under those circumstances, their ISP and hosting provider didn't really give then a choice and basically forced them to pay the ransom, which you can read about here: https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2015/11/05/proto...

The magnitude of the attack would have killed most services, but ProtonMail managed to mitigate the attack and went as far as becoming their own ISP to prevent getting in this situation in the future.

My two cents on this making them a pretty rare company.
A billion people and such a tiny investment in education. Wow. Indians are lucky that's finally starting to change.
Email is the most important thing you have online, why wouldn't you pay for it?
Theses mastering techniques have their legitimate use ! Some notes :

* it's a step in musical production where having experience, skills and contact with the artist matters. Not all compressor and limiter are created equal and the default value you use in your media player may not sound as good as what an audio engineer might have done..

* Not everyone have good hardware and a good environment to listen to high dynamic range music like thoses listening to classical music / jazz / Philip Glass, so theses business decision to increase volume for the market made sense at that time I think. Audio engineer simply took profit of having a technically better medium (CD) to make audio sound better (from what I've read theses techniques did not work well on vinyl)

* Loudness wars didn't have an effect on old records since as one can see in this article, we could find the old dynamic ones (and so we actually have the choice of listening to the old untouched record, or the new compressed-for-the-market record, and that is a good thing !)

* Theses music stats (mean RMS, peak RMS, max mean RMS) look at instantaneous dynamic, but a look at the overall dynamic of a song is also very important ! A good article on this topic stating that songs did not lose overall dynamic range that much : ['Dynamic Range' & The Loudness War, 2011] http://www.soundonsound.com/sound-advice/dynamic-range-loudn...
Populating a nation completely with immigrants, and getting a lot of foreign investment, creates and enablesand ambitious population.
I did think about selling it as "We'll force you to call your Mom /some time/ in the week. You may not know when!"

Then I thought I'd want to exclude the middle of the night (don't want to give people heart attacks thinking somebody died). Then I thought of excluding the work day (who wants to sign up for a service that will randomly call them in the middle of meeting?). Finally I decided it would be easier to set a specific time.

Maybe you're right though. Maybe the angle of "we'll keep trying until we find a good time for both of you" would sell better.
I use FastMail for all my mail, calendar, and contacts, and Sandstorm.io for collaborative document work.
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This college teaches every student the exact same stuff
That's like saying you want low dynamic range on all of your photographs so you can see every detail. Dynamic range is an integral part of music
More than safety to fail , they have millions of dollars of investment waiting for them before they even start
Is this comment, with two lexical errors, deliberately ironic?

Edit: two errors
You'll have to define accessible then. Learning anything takes work.
Of course. I understand that. But I am arguing that this kind of sucks.

I don't think that it was necessarily avoidable. But for a feature that's seldom used in the standard library and for the stated reasons, a lot of other libraries, it kind of sucks.

There's also other reasons I don't like exceptions, but I'll admit many of them are no longer an issue anymore. On 32 bit Windows, if you were using GCC, which was pretty likely if you were trying to do modern C++ at the time, exceptions were limited to SJLJ and DWARF2 based exceptions which both had their own problems. For one, I'd prefer my production binaries didn't require DWARF2 CFI data. Luckily I believe nowadays in 64bit you can use SEH since it isn't covered by the Borland patent for its AMD64 implementation (do I have that right?)

But I digress. If exceptions were the default and didn't have these issues, I think it would be much better. But since at least some of the issues are still relevant, you simply cannot always use exceptions depending on your needs. And that has an effect on the ecosystem that has led to a lot of mature libraries avoiding them entirely.

I'm definitely not saying you can't use exceptions, just outlining why I don't and why I believe the greater C++ ecosystem isn't all on board for them.
Exactly what? "Alive" is a meaningless concept?
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Imperial units are better, and I expect the world will convert to them in the next century. They're sane and easily divisible into eighths and more with a single significant digit of the next smaller unit, while going from 1 kilo to 125 grams is a awkward increase in digits. They're human scale: a pound is generally about a big handful, while a gram is hardly an easily estimated quantity for humans and a kilogram is awkwardly big to hold in one's hand. A cup and a pint are useful amounts of water to drink, while a liter is a bit more than a useful quantity to measure such things by. An inch is a knuckle on my finger, and a foot is the length of my forearm, while a meter is difficult to measure without a reference and a centimeter is a useful unit but I don't have an inbuilt measuring unit that long. I could go on, but I think this is a sufficient set of examples: metric is difficult to use for casual estimation (which is, after all, what one does most of the time, imperial is designed to be on a human scale and is better for everyday use and estimation.

Edit: Not sarcasm. I work with imperial daily farming, and worked with metric doing chemistry in college.
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I think some conflation is necessary. If I shoot a rod into a pig's head, I can stop and admire the pressure canister, the design of the fitting, the refinement of the action, the elegance of an instant death.

But to say that it's wrong to be excited still makes sense. You're taking a life to nourish yourself. It's a sacred moment.

Similar here, yes the ice sheet is beautiful and it is a gift we are alive to see the planet changing. But the changes signify a huge swath of our species dying, a huge swath of our ecologies being sent back to a distant era in time.

Some respect is warranted, for what we are killing so that we might nourish ourselves.
This is something I have battled with for a long time, personally I master to make the music sound good, sometimes that is loud (new dance music) sometimes not so much (old African recordings remasters).

Coupled with the data from this page [1] there is no point in going too loud anyways, that's why you have gain / volume control. I'm not sure how I feel about streaming services implementing extra processing tbh. Spotify is the worst culprit adding limiting which can significantly change the sound of a recording.

I just wish other engineers would have more pragmatism in this industry, way too much overcooked and distorted music around.

[1] http://productionadvice.co.uk/online-loudness/
Neither of those seem to easily scale to billions of keys, though.
quora, medium, hacker news.
In a nutshell with my comments:

Benefits

- Easier to (horizontally) scale: that's true. My previous company shut down a few servers thanks to JWT

- If it has a vulnerability, just update to patch it ... instead of fixing your customized algorithm. It's way better, but you need to use the most popular / battle-tested / maintained library for your language and keep track of its CVEs as any another dependency.

Drawbacks

- Not revocable, but you can 1) make it short lived, 2) create a blacklist check in a key/store database or 3) tie another verification to it with the cost of a database call (https://dadario.com.br/revoking-json-web-tokens/). Regarding the article (part 2), when it says what would happen if your server is down .. seriously, it's way easier to anything but a key/store value of a few items to get down first than any other server

- Developers think that the data is encrypted, when it's only base64'd

- Libraries have to make up for the flawed specification that allows the JWT to carry both the algorithm used and the signature

- Libraries are not as battle-tested as cookies

- Libraries may support flawed algorithms (e.g., RSA with PKCS #1v1.5 padding - for JWE), thus you have to know what you're picking

Some points that I agree or partly agree with the author of such article:

- Easier to use: that's nonsense. I'd say that it's the same thing as implementing a cookie mechanism

- Works better on mobile: that's nonsense

- Works for users that block cookies: you can very well put your session token in the LocalStorage and achieve the same effect

- They take up more space: true

- Built-in expiration functionality: that's nonsense. Cookies have it as well.

- By storing it on LocalStorage you avoid CSRF, but you can do that with session tokens already. Regarding the links above that 'by using JavaScript you open up your application to a lot more risk' .. well, to build a page without JavaScript in 2017 is madness. Let's get back to reply with full HTML content again? Lol. Backing to the point, it's not really a benefit of JWT, but commonly related to tokens that you store on LocalStorage, even though they're subject to XSS, as opposed to cookies w/ HttpOnly flag -- and then we go again to discuss how this flag only passes a 'false sense of security' because if you have a XSS, you already have lots of trouble.

Topics that are complicated:

- Saying 'more secure' or 'less secure' depends on how it is implemented. You could have secure JWT implementations and flawed stateful session implementations.

- Data goes stale: depends on what data you put on it! Just putting the user's UUID is not something that is likely to change, except when the user is removed;
> GM could not have been the reason for it

...which, to clarify, was not my point.

That is, going back up-thread a bit, it's still clear that capitalism intrinsically encourages monopolistic behavior, and that "government intervention propping up companies" is not the cause.

In fact, I would go so far as to say that even if there were no capitalistic tendency toward actual monopolies, it would still have the same winner-take-all problem, merely due to the prospect of a "winner".
Ask HN: Curated list of HN's best discussions/submissions of all time?
Kind of awesome github but for HN submissions, comments, etc
I’m not referring to existentially quantified types—which are definitely useful & interesting in statically typed languages. What I mean is that with static types you can prove universal properties of functions.

If you give me an unknown function f : ∀T. T → T in a statically typed language, then I know it always returns a value of the same type as its argument. With some assumptions (purity, parametricity, halting) I even know it must be the identity function.

Whereas doing what I’m suggesting in a dynamically typed language, running inference dynamically, I could only recover existential properties: that there are some types for which f returns a value of the same type as its input. So I could recover more and more information (in the form of an intersection type) by calling the function with different inputs:

f : int → int

f : (int → int) ∧ (string → string)

f : (int → int) ∧ (string → string) ∧ (Foo → Foo)

But I could never arrive at ∀T. T → T, because that’s essentially an infinite intersection.

ETA: actually I might not even be able to get this much information; I only know the output type for each input value, not each input type.
This pipe dream is what drew me to HN ten years ago. And while there are specifically rules against drawing comparisons between HN and reddit, years ago, the parallel made sense. These days, being totally honest, I find reddit to be more approachable and friendly and informative in the types of subreddits I read than HN, the vast majority of times. The reason I keep coming back to HN is for the once-in-a-blue-moon comments which blow your mind. If those comments stopped happening, or if they started happening on reddit, I'd never come back. There is absolutely a creed which is the centerline of HN, and deviation from it -- even totally reasonable, level-headed deviation -- is often punished with downvotes into invisibility. I've specifically created a Chrome browser extension to remove all point/color information from post comments -- and recently uploaded it to Github [0] -- just to keep my own voting habits from being influenced by this brutal kraken of sameness that exists on HN. My post above is a little bit tongue-in-cheek, but in my experience, one of the subjects you can most find downvotes with is the classic win/*nix flamewar. Even something totally reasonable and said in a straightforward, matter-of-fact way which promotes something about Linux in a thread about Windows is annihilated. Unwanted facts and differing viewpoints are erased from existence. That's HN, even if there's some silver lining in there occasionally.

[0] https://github.com/fapjacks/antihnbs