skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
for the most part, they didn't go for bigger than 27 very often. At the time Saxe started studying them in the late 1970s, they were living very close to nature, and often didn't have cause to need to accurately count higher than that (if you have one or two fish, the distinction is important - if you have 27 or 28, less so).

But yes, the word fu (not foo, but enjoyably similar) which kind of means "a full amount", or enough, and was used as "one radix", so people do something like fu + another number word to mean 27 + that other number. I don't remember if there was evidence of treating it like a radix (like multiple fu + something), but I don't think that happened.

Again, in this particular culture and economy, there wasn't much of a need to think about large numbers precisely. Which is part of what makes all this pretty fascinating - humans have some inbuilt capacity to reason about numbers (some studies of babies show that they can distinguish between two and three of things just as readily as two hundred to three hundred, sort of a visual field scale independence - I'd have to dig to find that study, I read it about eight years ago, I think it was in nature), but beyond a certain level it becomes intrinsically intertwined with our development of language and other conceptual frames.
There are alternatives like BLAKE2. https://blake2.net/
In Defense of Cultural Appropriation
The problem you're describing is an effect of today's global capitalism. Workers seeking a dignified income are not able to find that through collective bargaining because free movement of capital allows management to relocate to cheaper markets relatively quickly.

One wonders if the system is worth keeping around in its current form if so many people get screwed by it. What do we have an economic system for, anyway?
I like this thing about HN community, making something interesting from raw materials! Good Job.
What actually happened, probably, is that humans first counted by putting things in correspondence with fingers; actual bijections between fingers and things. This naturally led to ten, the number of fingers total and thus a grouping size of understandably frequent use, becoming a very significant number (culturally, linguistically, etc.). Ten was a very significant number for a very long time before positional notation with its digits and bases was invented. (The Romans had no digits, but they loved their fives and tens)

And thus, when such notation for numerals WAS invented, it felt quite natural to take ten as base, it being such a significant number.
I think some of these people also get into work late, like somewhere between 10:30am and 12pm (if not later, maybe?).

If you can afford to sleep in that late most likely you don't mind covering that time at night instead.
I'm not sure if SHA-3 has a design goal of being fast. My understanding is that, if your using it for encryption, for example password storage, you want it to be slow. This helps with brute force attacks, particularly if someone gets ahold of your database full of password hashes and can unleash as many calculations as they want. Because the SHA family has typically been fast, they are considered bad candidates for passwords. My quick Google foo doesn't turn up the goals of the competition, but I'm guessing being fast might be a negative.
From this small sample, I'd say you're a pretty darn good writer...at least as judged by telling interesting stories.
Well, the article did say that the owner of the company saw this type of "paper" in Korea and decided to set up a similar factory in Japan...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkpqA8yG9T4

Also, I think that LaRouche nutters notwithstanding, the idea of putting these extremely hot plasmas to use to recycle materials in the coming fusion economy is going to solve most of the current problems of waste and materials. Even seemingly intractable problems such as what to do with nuclear waste get easier if you can separate the bulk of the non-radioactive material from the truly hot stuff. And indeed you can do that - 100 million degrees just strips the electrons right off, leaving charged particles that are easily sorted into neat, sorted pure piles of whatever elements were in your waste to begin with.
This shows the limits of quantitative studies. Just because you don't know how best to measure doesn't mean it doesn't matter, and there are strong preferences among people who are professionals in this area - of which I am one. I have spent years of my life listening to dialog on film sets; I like my favorite headphones because they have the least difference between how things sound with and without wearing them.

I could quantify that, but why bother unless I'm getting paid a hell of a lot to to do it? I don't see anyone here who's championing this naive approach offering to pay for a study designed by an experienced professional, so don't complain about a lack of scientific rigor if you're not prepared to pay for it. I prefer the more concrete feedback of people telling me it's the best soundtrack material they've ever received in post production.

You can talk about the scientific method all you like. I'm very fond of the scientific method. But rigorous testing costs money. If you're not willing to put your money where your mouth is, then accept the opinion of people who do this kind of thing for a living.
Technological advances don't seem to have an undo button, as far as I can tell. Once a technology of utility is unleashed, things keep advancing and the genie never goes back into the bottle.

I suppose technology can go backwards, but only by way of generation-spanning disaster. The fall of Rome is an obvious example. I guess this means we'll be dealing with this constant technological overload for the rest of our natural lives, huh?
Side Projects Matter
Mozilla's recent rebranding has stirred up more discussions about redrawing or refining the Firefox logo, but that's a perennial topic of discussion. If it happens, I'd expect it to be coordinated with 57's release, but this is totally uninformed speculation. I work remotely and have limited contact with the design folks.
You are being charitable to Mozilla (the application suite). That was a bloated, buggy mess for years. I recall 2001-2003 was a really bleak time to be a Mozilla user. Firefox launched as a response to Mozilla and was more lean, but it wasn't until 2007 or 2008 that HTML5 features started trickling in and Firefox started to gain marketshare and developer mindshare for the advanced features it could offer.

And that was when Chrome showed up. So from 1998-2008, Mozilla had an open season to gain ground on IE, and their marketshare only ever got as high as 30%. It was 2011 or 2012 that Chrome was stable enough and Google started their upgrade-to-Chrome adverts on google.com. And then Firefox faded back into it's 10% niche. I'm a developer, and my peers look at me like I'm a weirdo because I favor Firefox and do my primary development on it. That shouldn't have happened, Firefox should not be niche given the time they had to work.

It is inspiring to me that the Mozilla project didn't fail and got so much love, but starting with that original Netscape codebase and the Gecko and XPCOM designs really hindered them. Mozilla missed out on offering a competing engine for Node.JS because their JS engine is so tightly coupled with the rest of the browser(?) - that's just one huge opportunity missed. Offering a competitive mobile OS at the advent of smartphones in the vein of WebOS is another, albeit less egregious, miss. The codebase just wasn't clean nor adaptable enough to break free of the desktop.
Please just start blogging the way you talk. Don't think of it as writing at all. That paragraph was golden .
Ok, I get that capacitors and inductors are opposites, but I've yet to understand the significance of why the memristor is the opposite of a resistor... Chalk it up to my primitive knowledge of analog design.

Couldn't theoretically there be a mempacitor and a memductor as well?
Any idea if this division of Apple employees are eligible for stock options? If so, those may have ended up being one form of a payoff.
You mean you only have to be able to hack their servers in one of their multiple sites to look at any user? Cool, so all the snoops can look at every citizen's data.
"Why is the world moving towards a more authoritarian kind of rule all of a sudden, and why is this happening now."

Is it really all of a sudden? Counting communism as authoritarian (as it always ends in dictatorship), strong moves towards authoritarianism have been happening for over 100 years? I guess they have happened since the US proclamation of independence and the French Revolution, and before that the world was already authoritarian because there were churches and kings.

Perhaps US independence and French Revolution were flukes, and people (or at least rulers) craving for authoritarianism is the norm.

Perhaps it is simply the herd nature of humans that is to blame? They either want to be leaders or have a leader to look up to?
You're right. They've been deprecated for a while, now, and will be removed with 57.
Remember, what you are talking about is only one application of hash functions. In the world of crypto, speed becomes very important in things like MACs and signatures. There are a ton of other uses for hash functions that are not crypto-related too!

Besides, even when using a "fast" hash function for password storage, you can always just increase the number of rounds to compensate.
Very much not true here in the USA. We have hundreds of thousands – probably millions – of acres set aside specifically for paper. It has been sustainable for well over 100 years and is super well planned, mostly by private companies.
I believe that number is purely the water used converting pulp into paper, not water consumed growing trees. I've heard it's 400 parts water and one part pulp, not sure how accurate that is.[1]

[1]: http://www.alternet.org/environment/whats-better-environment...
Without my union experience i could not earn a living that i earn today.

The union i belong to has features that were earned/bargained for over years.

When i worked in tech we often wished we had some if the earned "rights" i now have.

No forced Overtime; overtime after 8 hours in a day.

Guaranteed 40 hours a week.

No work before 6am or after 6am (or else premium pat)

No Sunday or holiday work

72% benefits paid by company

Part if a 2m plus benefit plan (great coverage)

Holiday and sick pay earned as we go; 15, 19 or 26 days off a year depending on length of service.

No-layoff clause after 4(or 6)years

In my union there is absolutely no advancement opportunity and we dont get rich.

In tech we looked down at bargained employees - but now i think it was jusy not understanding them

The union machinery is vastly different than the rank and file..their only goal is extracting $$$ from union members.

But now there are many poor suffering delivery people who just dont know how much power they hold collectively if they decide to disrupt the status quo.

If all uber drivers said FU and banded together - uber is NOTHING without the drivers - they would hold enormous power.

Same for Amazon workers.

It just is the existine aflcio and other unions don't represent the drivers etc. They cant because they dont fight the fight

If the honeymoon the disrupters are having now is broken it will be by organizing the downtrodden driver, part timer, giger, and servant of the rich
"Most utilitarians turn out not to actually think that way in real-life situations so I wouldn't worry about it."

I agree based on lots of personal experience with and research on people who talked utilitarian but acted different when the law's enforcers were focused on them. I fought with myself over this in many situations balancing the struggle between my own survival/well-being vs supporting principles. Takes discipline and sacrifice to practice utilitarianism. What it took me led me to be suspicious of people who preach it who spontaneously do what benefits them esp at others' expense even in small ways.
> I've lost faith in "free markets", which seem to devolve inevitably to market failures such as monopolie

Despite the fact that about no free market exists in practice?
The Washington Post Article on the DNC Hack – Fact or Fiction?
This diagram might help you understand: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memristor#/media/File:Two-term...
Monster Hero VS Fantastic Hero
Let’s play Monster Hero vs Fantastic Hero where you save the vice city from gangster and dangerous villains. Monster vs fantastic hero is the combination of monster hero games, city hero games. Be a super monster hero in city battle to fight against criminal and become a legend hero.
Sure. He should have said "tends to be" or "gets driven toward being" or whatever. But the key point is the tension, not his languaging.
Yep this is a common issue with long-form journalism. It's formulaic in that lenghtly and relatively uncompelling prose is mixed in with a more compelling story. Arcing back around to that original (usually human interest) topic tries to keep the reader on the hook just enough to put up with the often painfully slow trickle of high-value information.

Paradoxically I often find that kind of article simultaneously enjoyable and hugely frustrating. It's exactly like Mythbusters and many other shows where there's 5 mins of compelling content in a 40 minute program and they keep cutting and replaying to drag it all out.
Top 20 MCQ Questions on Object Oriented Software Design – InfoTechSite
Wouldn't it be a treat if this article were presented to prospective buyers of smartphones rather than a bland ToS?

Sign right here to strike this Faustian bargain.

(Disclosure: I own and operate a smartphone.)
Alibaba is in talks to invest in Uber’s Southeast Asia rival Grab
The Internet was never anonymous. Especially not at the start, when every computer had its own IP address.
SHA-3 is supposed to be fast.

Do not use SHA-3 for password storage!

Use a key-stretching password hash function e.g. bcrypt or scrypt.

(These take a fast hash or encryption function and apply it many many times, to make the total work be slow.)
Mao and his infamous Dark Satanic Mills.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancien...
From the SHA3 Round 1 results: "NIST expects SHA-3 to
offer improved performance over the SHA-2 family of hash algorithms at a given security strength"

You want hashes to be fast, and KDFs to be slow.
Maybe a coincidence (I don't know details of computer history), but another interesting reason why binary is used might be information density.

Base e (2.71...) has highest information density. Of course, computers can't use irrational numbers as their base, so base 3 would be a closest pick. However, base 3 is much harder to represent in digital logic, so base 2 is a better pick and is still relatively close to e.

EDIT:
Finally found a reference.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-integer_representation#Bas...

I wonder if the idea originated before Hayes described it in 2001. Now it looks more likely to be a coincidence :)
It's not correct. There is no kind of correlation that is transitive.

Just like being related to someone doesn't mean you're related to that person's relatives.

Given the correlation of B to A and to C, you could probably prove a bound on the correlation of A to C, but as the chain between A and C lengthens, or any of the correlations moves noticeably away from -1 or 1, the bound will swiftly approach [-1, 1].
Highly recommend using Argon2id/Argon2d/scrypt/bcrypt/PBKDF2 (in that order of preference) for password authentication/"storage." While SHA-3 might be slower than other fast hash functions, it's not at all designed for the same purpose. Functions suitable for password authentication are not merely CPU-intensive, but also memory-intensive.

Shameless plug: https://patrickmn.com/security/storing-passwords-securely/#n...
What are people's impression of these kinds of tools?
Do you believe they really deleted it? Removing it from their website doesn't mean it was removed from their servers. I'd be skeptical, where I you.
On that last: if your fuel isn't fossil-based, then yes, your internal (or external) combustion engine is in fact carbon-neutral.

Coal surpassed wood as a fuel in the US only in the 1880s. Options for replacing current fossil-fuel use, even within only limited transport applications (sea and air travel) at present rates of use would be extraordinarily difficult, though within the realms of possibility. Seawater-based Fischer-Tropsch fuel synthesis being among the more interesting possibilities.

A very long shot, but a shot.
Like slavery or segregation?
Six ounces of potatoes in a 50# bag.
If you think this is cool you might also find the Marshall Island stick charts, and Polynesian navigation methods particularly intriguing. See

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_navigation
Alexa Rank Hack Instantly
In agreement with the other replies, I enjoy your writing. I mean, your experience isn't super-interesting but you describe it almost poetically.
They 100% exist. We had a wafer worth of cutup die of the TiO_2-x type devices all the way back in 2007. HP officially published results of a physical device as well (http://www.hpl.hp.com/news/2008/apr-jun/memristor.html)
B.C. cities clamp down on short-term vacation rentals
In case you didn't get the Pi * z^2 * a joke (like me), the volume of a pizza with radius z and thickness a is = pi * z * z * a

Edit: formatting
No, being fast is good in this case. Password hashing is a different beast, with a different competition: https://password-hashing.net
Range reader/writer locks for the (linux) kernel
Industrial IoT
Yeah, it's open and the encryption is done in the client, so it should be available on Github.

[1] - https://telegram.org/apps
Until you need to reseed the original master, want to do quick rolling restarts or want any automation in automatic failover. PG has a long way to go.
A
H-Viva Pinata remake, new version available
We have more aircraft carriers than the rest of the world combined. Russia has one decrepit carrier, China has only one too. Our 10 biggest carriers are all twice the size of the next largest carriers in the rest of the world

Spending money on the military isn't a "stimulus", it's very a very damaging drain on the economy. The workers and engineers building those carriers and planes could be building commercial ships, cars, buildings, airliners, and developing new technologies for commercial use. We are sacrificing all those things to fund a military that is nearly irrelevant when we have the largest nuclear deterrent in the world.
The loading speed? You can install an ad blocker and enable/disable it. Then force-reload the page. You can also use the developer tools (for example in Chrome) to see the precise timing waterfall.
Is this "is SHA-3 slow?" or is this "Look our new Keccak-based variant!"?
The Boy Scout Rule[0]

[0]: http://programmer.97things.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/The_Bo...
dupe: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14526156
[DevSurvey] what your sci-fi dev character is?
United States of America. Not the whole 3 continents.
"If you really think that individuals can bargain better on their own than collectively then why do companies want to get rid of collective bargaining?"

Because unions mostly benefit low performers and old/senior people.

I don't want to have an organization making contracts that will hold me back just because of age. If I can demonstrate that I can perform/negotiate, then I should be able to command what benefits/salary that I am able to negotiate in the market, as opposed to be in the 1 sized fits all contract that someone else negotiated.
Ease of use is subjective. It depends on people's goals, skills and even tastes.
Blazor: Experimental UI framework running .NET in the browser via webassembly
What 3 continents?
For those wondering, the number is 7%. I doubt that many people actually believe what the story implies. Depending on the phrasing of the question, I think you could easily move that number higher or lower.
You can view the end result, including when they attempt to tear it, in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KchJZKoT16w
There is a startup called Springboard that is working on something like that, although I do not understand all the details. I agree - that is an awesome idea - the domain here is restricted to MOOCs because it's closed form and standardized, where tutors can be recruited for their expertise in a given course. An apprenticeship requires, I think, a much broader approach to what constitutes a "match" between both parties, and the interactions would need to be facilitated in a completely different way.
Eh, not big on traditionalism.
I assume he meant regions with the third region being "Central America".
Spend a few minutes writing wrapper functions and its done.

Never bothered me on Turbo Pascal days, plus if I remember correctly bitfield ordering is not portable across compilers anyway.
Facebook AI Research open-sources code for basic negotiation bots
Prepare to Have Your Twitter World Rocked with Redesign
Alright, I can see how it would be unacceptably cruel to ask a girl to do it. I still think I'd make a boy do it though...
לימודי מדיה חברתית מעשיים
7% is basically the Lizardmen's Constant [1]; wouldn't buy into this as Americans being stupid.

[1] http://slatestarcodex.com/2013/04/12/noisy-poll-results-and-...
Hello, I'm Dwayne Kennemore, the other founder of uMOOC.

A group section would be terrific for another reason - in academic contexts, while students DO learn from their professors, they learn from ONE ANOTHER as much or more. There are a few reasons for this, but one of them is, I think, that they're more at ease with one another and don't have to worry about looking bad - this openness helps ideas flow more freely.

Group functionality would make that dynamic possible, further replicating the network that occurs in real life, in cyberspace.

You are already anticipating v2.0.
Gartner: AWS, Azure and Google Cloud Platform Remain the Big Three in Cloud
I've seen this 'increased productivity' argument for Mongo over and over but I just don't see it in practice.

I've dealt with many apps and teams that use Mongo, and the amount of time spent tracking annoying bugs because of a lack of schema, writing migration scripts and the abysmal performance of the database leads me to believe that the only reason Mongo devs think they are more productive is because they can get 3 lines of code to make a new collection + record in the database in 5 seconds, and ignore the 5 months of time they spent down the line.
Track’s Most Resilient (and Suspect) Record Is in Danger
7 Best Open Source Frameworks for Serverless Computing
I'm skeptical of the 7% number. I can easily imagine 7% of survey respondents choosing the "brown cow" answer because they thought it was funny. It was just an online survey, after all. The other claims about pickles and french fries are easier to believe.
Personal attacks are not allowed on HN and will get your account banned, so please don't post them, regardless of how wrong or annoying another comment was.
> exposed to the senior devs' decision-making processes so they can develop that level of knowledge

This is really important I think. Asking newbies a lot of questions to try and coach a good solution out of them, on their own, is a really great way to get them to "learn to think".

Also I recommend checking out the Blooms Taxonomy.