skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Please correct me, as this is only my personal understanding of how botulism works.

What kills me? Only the toxin. Neither the bacteria nor the spores are directly lethal.

How does the toxin get into my body?

A) I eat it, from food contaminated with toxin.

B) I breath it, from toxin in the air.

C) I eat or breath bacteria / spores, and they produce the toxin inside my body.

How does that happen?

A) Badly preserved food. Normal, fresh food, does not contain toxin, but can contain spores / bacteria. Over long periods of time (how long?), in the right conditions (low oxygen / low salt / low acid) bacteria will proliferate (even starting from the very resistant spores), and eventually produce toxin. This can not be seen / smelled, and is the source of most toxin poisoning.

B) Only in warfare, and not even sure if that's been developed. Maybe even forbidden by international conventions "regulating" warfare?

C) Only if I am a baby. Adult's digestive tract will kill both bacteria and spores, preventing toxin production.

How much toxin is lethal?

According to the article, a microgram can kill an adult.

What is the rate of toxin production by the bacteria? How long do I need to leave toxin-free food exposed to bacteria in order to become dangerously poisoned?

At home we usually leave cooked food standing for the next day (sometimes, against my will, outside the fridge) and then we heat it at low temperatures and eat it. Is this safe? Probably yes botulism-wise, but has other problems.
I've been running Debian on a MacBook Pro 11,1 for a couple of years and everything works great. The 7,2 Air has similar hardware and I would expect that you'll have a good Debian experience. Battery life is slightly worse than running macOS but performance is slightly better.
Same here, my laptop as been on unstable for over five years and it's been fine.
We're working on it, we're working on it! I definitely plan for buster to be 100% reproducible.
Facebook is the Real Orwellian Big Brother: 1984 is here again to Haunt us
An Australian citizen is an Ecuadorian embassy in England, in order to protect himself from multiple governments that are trying to jail him who coincidentally have been hurt by information he's published as a journalist. Allegedly, a politician who was quite powerful and stood to become even more powerful asked why he couldn't just be assassinated (I think there was never a reliable source for this last bit).

Nation states are the only thing that can protect us from the powerful.

Eliminating nation states would be like having one lawyer arguing both sides of a criminal case. We need nation states to advocate for their citizens and we need nation states working against each other and competing to ensure the best outcome for everyone.

Support your nation state that supports you. In a world without nation states, when the government turns against you, you'll have nowhere left to go.

> The Nation State is too large a unit for good experiments. Take education as an example. Having a national policy makes little sense at a time when technology is fundamentally changing how learning can occur.

So just run those experiments at a smaller scale than the federal government. Nice to see everyone finally catching onto the idea of States' Rights.

> Information technology allows new approaches to regulation through transparency. In many instances what the federal level role should be is provide requirements for transparency of and interoperability between local/regional policies. This means we could have a significantly smaller Federal Government in terms of the number of direct employees, size of agencies and body of regulations.

Again, this has nothing to do with the existence of nation states.
> Thanks for all the hard work on debian Iamby!

Oh wow, it's really not just me...
I'd like to know if the Linux server landscape is changing in favor of Debian due to Docker. It seems most popular packages are based on Debian.

Although Alpine Linux is my personal choice.
I don't think that being exhausted at the end of the day should be accepted, or considered normal.

Sure, everyone has bad days.

What happens if you're working to your utmost, absolutely everything you've got has to go into the job, and you hit a rough patch? A cold, a breakup, God forbid a death in the family.

You have to build that into your routine. You're not going to be a superhero every day, so you need to spend some of your time managing for that, setting things up in such a way that when you have a bad day, you can compensate for it, rather than falling apart.

If you're putting out more than 90% of your 'best day' effort every day, you're sitting in a very precarious place. You need to be proactive about resting and rehabilitating yourself.
Except for the fact that both sites (twitter and 4chan) have both become substantially worse over the years.

In both cases, a lot of it has to do with increased censorship. A large number of people left 4chan for 8chan after moot started engaging in fairly aggressive political censorship. Who knows what his motivation was - maybe an effort to appeal more to advertisers, maybe a change in beliefs about freedom of expression - either way, the effect was the same. There was a big exodus to other chan sites.

Twitter has a similar censorship problem; many of the twitter accounts I followed, which were mildly offensive but nothing compared to the worst of the site, were silently banned without justification. The only connection I can find between them is that they were political in a way Twitter didn't like. Unfortunately, twitter is too big for there to be an effective exodus, so the whole internet is just worse off.

Not all nostalgia is misplaced. The internet is unquestionably changing, and the trend seems to be that as a system becomes more popular, it becomes more hostile to viewpoints too far from its median. Reddit, twitter, Facebook, etc. have all been extremely ban-happy in recent years, moreso than ever before.
FaaS, PaaS, and the Benefits of the Serverless Architecture (06/2016)
Is there an existing such feature in other distributions out of interest?
HN hasn't much of a discourse, as in discordinng ideas aren't debated but shunned and driven away.

The technical exchange is fine, but it's more of a dump of experiences and while it's worthwhile at that, it rarely goes into discussion territory, more like throwing opinions to the other side
> They're less about removing barriers such as tariff's, etc. and more about ensconcing the rights of corporations over states.

This fud that has been spread by the illiterate folk of the internet has caused so much damage. ISDS is for enforcing agreements between states if they feel businesses from their countries are being unfairly discriminated against. Nation states are still perfectly able to leave the free trade agreements if the terms are not satisfactory because they are sovereign. ISDS is the mechanism by which free trade agreements actually ensure there is free trade. Don't join free trade agreements if you want to place tariffs on foreign businesses or enforce regulations selectively against foreign business.

>e.g. Your constituents don't like pollution in their river and, playing to your constituents, you pass a law to ban dumping of chemical X, which was previously thought to be harmless but now appears to be not so harmless. Oops! Your government is being sued by foreign corporations impacted by this law, because a treaty you signed gives them that right.

I love your example because it shows how little you even know about what you are spreading fear of. You clearly feel strongly about this but you were incapable of spending 5 minutes reading wikipedia to inform yourself about what you are writing about?

>governments retain their regulatory ability, if the agreements in question specify that regulations protecting health, the environment, labour rights and human rights are allowed.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investor-state_dispute_settlem...

e.g. don't sign an agreement if you don't want to follow the provisions of the agreement. Otherwise don't expect other people to follow the stipulation of the agreement either.

Why do you insist on commenting about something you are clearly ignorant about? I am willing to bet $1000 that you have not read a single word of these trade agreements you feel so confident to give lectures on.

Bottom line, people that are ignorant and have no idea what they are talking about should not act as if they do.
Should Your Company Be Profitable?
Headline: Stronger security enabled by default

Description: More KSP security features enabled by default, perhaps even Firejails pre-installed, Wayland as default along with flatpaks, etc
> It is simply a syndrome of getting old.

I think there is more than just this: any community/social network that grows from thousands to millions of users has to make changes in order to scale (for example, changes in the moderation).
Whatever they are, these changes are likely to be a disappointment for the oldest users who join the community for what it was in the first place.

Another plausible explanation is that, as these communities become more popular, the goal of the companies supporting them often shifts from the original goal of creating a nice and attractive community, to a new more ambiguous goal of keeping the growth high while generating profit (thus adding ads, tracking etc.)
A huge number of Hollywood films about the military are overtly critical of the military. Even the films that valorize military service tend to have a strain of resentment about the military institutions themselves.

I don't think any of the premise of this thread is that there's no western propaganda. There obviously is.
Fileless Malware
Digital Game Based Learning a Augmented Reality
Don't forget to verify the install medium, which is a little more involved with Debian.

If you're already running a trusted Debian system, then install the debian-keyring package. Packages are signed and verified, so those keys don't need further verification.

Otherwise, fetch the keys in [0] with gpg:

$ gpg --keyserver keyring.debian.org --recv-keys <...> # e.g. 0x6294BE9B

Then, verify the key's fingerprint with [0]:

$ gpg --fingerprint

Unless you don't trust your CA, this is good enough.

Finally download the checksum and their signature files, and verify their signatures:

$ gpg --verify <...> # e.g. SHA512SUMS.sign
$ gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/debian-role-keys.gpg --verify <...> # if using debian-keyring package

[0] https://www.debian.org/CD/verify
Conspicuous consumption is over. It’s all about intangibles now – Aeon Ideas
it's the 🇪🇨 Ecuadorian Embassy, if were thinking of the same Australian
The Cyber Kill-Chain
Not sure I understand.

a) lead dev is stepping down

b) lead dev has not groomed a successor

c) this is where I am lost. he says patches welcome... But who will merge if he has no time or has no successor?
Usenet

Slashdot

twitter

I've been in a lot of "discussion things" over the years and i've seen them go bad. As they become more well known the worse they get. Initially somewhat-like-minded people are drawn to something for somewhat-similar reasons. When things become popular the noise from people of all walks of life drowns out the signal of like mindedness. In the case of twitter some of the noise Actively tries to ruin the signal.

The initial users of tv, radio and even cars must have felt a similar despair (after the initial thrill of their interest becoming used by more people).

It's not nostalgia, things were better "back then" where "back then" is a point between gaining users and acceptance by the general population.
I think we are. Fixed.
To quote from the abstract of PEP394:

> * for the time being, all distributions should ensure that python refers to the same target as python2 .

> * however, end users should be aware that python refers to python3 on at least Arch Linux (that change is what prompted the creation of this PEP), so python should be used in the shebang line only for scripts that are source compatible with both Python 2 and 3.

> * in preparation for an eventual change in the default version of Python, Python 2 only scripts should either be updated to be source compatible with Python 3 or else to use python2 in the shebang line.
I feel like only America eats crappy food like McDonalds and everywhere else they eat fresh wholesome food every day. Hearing that they have McDonalds in other countries just makes me sad.
IIRC, all the minitels above and including the 1B had a serial port, but it was through a DIN connector. We were using that to test our "site" by feeding it directly from a PC.

I'm not sure the Minitel 1 had one.
I think the best documented case for the internet is probably the Eternal September.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_September
is this rules are perfect?
I won a boilerplate (ycombinator copycat) competition last year and it's helped me a lot in some ways. It was also kinda stupid.

I mean, my teammates all quit as soon as they realized how much hard work a startup requires... Life lesson!

And, in actuality I haven't made much progress toward an actual company. but, I mean, this has been pretty great in some ways. Best part is my mentor was an expert in my field (automation, robots, etc.) and has really had a lot of fantastic input for me.

My key takeaway from the competition? Don't try to build a start up on your own. You really MUST have a strong team backing you up.

I'm probably going to crumple up this owl and start another one soon. Most importantly if you want to get good at drawing owls, you have to love drawing.
He also says there are some people that he "trusts". I hope that means Fdroid won't stagnate, or worse, disappear down the Sourceforge route.
I said "alien" because it's a legal term and I see it used a lot, including by US authorities. FWIW, I was once an alien in the US too and saw this term in my own documents many times. I don't even know any good substitute, "foreigner" is pretty much the literal translation but "illegal foreigners" just sounds unusual, "illegal immigrants" would be better but then "immigrant" isn't really the same thing as "alien".

Now, using "undocumented" for "illegal" is clearly fraudulent. These words don't mean the same.
Ahyes, good point.
Rambo? Rambo is luridly anti-government.
I would disagree on the artificial file endings. It's a very transparent way to allow the client to request a resource with a specific content type, visible right there in the URI. After all the .json and .xml are unique representations of the same resource and can reasonably have their own URI
I consult specifically around this problem.

There is no silver bullet tooling answer; it's a more complex problem than most folks think.
Great feature. HTTPie, a CLI HTTP client I created, has always had a similar one: No binary data in terminal output, and on top of that, you get to see the response headers by default as well.

https://httpie.org/doc#binary-data
we've come up with a system that's created great prosperity and wealth for all our citizens, but it's important to look back at what they had going on in the 1200's -- those were the good old days.

(I don't mean to be so dismissive, but a lot of people still don't have access to the internet and the technology and services, and they way they get that infrastructure built is through nation states.)
SparkSummit：SequoiaDB and Spark Build Large Scale Operational Data Lake in China
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SequoiaDB is the top distributed databased vendor in China. Their main product, also named SequoiaDB, is the only distributed NewSQL database built in China. The company has received Red Herring Global 100 reward in two consecutive years. It was recognized as one of the 50 most innovative companies in China by Fast Company.

China has been through a rapid growth with internet and mobilized technology. The Internet-lization and Mobilization has been named as one of the national economic movements for the large and traditional enterprises in China.

Especially in financial industry, in 2016, for all the urban residents over 13 years old, the E-banking and mobile-banking user ratios are 46% and 42% of the China population respectively. The payment services such as WeChat Pay and AliPay has over 400M users. In 2017 the mobile banking will become the №1 banking channel. Besides banking, insurance, securities, stocks are in the same pace of the technology transforming. Following the E-Commerce, China is determined to move much faster and further in technology adoptions than other countries.

To build these systems in such a large scale brings up huge technical challenges especially in data processing. Hence, Big Data has been placed under the spot light to be the major power to push the innovation forward. It requires multi-model data handling to cover pictures, audios, videos, etc. It also requires high performance of data storage, data processing and data analyzing in both operational and analytical areas.
Sure, you can just not trade with the US, the richest country in the world. See how far that takes your economy.

No one has read "a single word of those trade agreements" because it was all done in secret until it was already signed and there's nothing to do but sign it.
Did not know this about Debian. I've been using Debian as my base Docker image more often these days and I'll keep this in mind for future debuggin'
I guess OP is implying it is aging architecturally, technical debt and other perceived problems with X11 which prompted the development of wayland/mir
I hear you. I am almost up to 18k bookmarks. Not bragging either. Classification becomes increasingly difficult. However, I can rcmd a couple/few helpful plug-ins...

Mainstay:

[Use Chrome Extensions (or similar add-ons/apps in alternative browsers)]

0.) Search Bookmarks (Enables searching your bookmarks from Omnibox; type b-m-space in your omni and then term(s)/keyword(s) for the bookmark(s) you are searching for... they will appear in the suggestion drop-down... or, press return to search bookmarks using Chrome Bookmark Search, which will match the term(s) you've entered): https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/search-bookmarks/m...

Two other worthwhile mentionables:

1.) Bookmark My Tabs: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/bookmark-my-tabs/d...

2.) OneTab: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/onetab/chphlpgkkbo...
> Some would fix the problem by giving the police special immunity; I'd fix it by changing self defence laws for everyone.

Thinking about that for a bit and it sounds reasonable. A cop should only be shooting someone if he believes his or someone else's life is in danger and that's the same standard as civs in most states.

Perhaps cops in the US have more protection with their unions and such. I assumed that there must be a difference between US and UK because UK officers are refusing to carry whereas US aren't, but that difference might be that US officers get fired if they refuse to carry.
Plenty of newspapers offer various coupons and discounts to readers. Many grocery stores also have flyers near the entrance offering small discounts to people who happen to grab one when they walk in.
You may find this very abstract but from my experience I think it also boils down to what your life priorities are. Having clear understanding of your horizons of focus, as referred in GTD [1] will help in sorting out what is important to you and what is not.

I find it also important to maintain a wont-do list of things that are not important to me (and I thought they were).

Ex: I thought running marathon was important to me. Turns of semi-regular to gym is what is important to me. So any link/article related to marathon, extreme workouts/fitness that I come across is glanced and closed peacefully.

I think this will help you let go bulk of links without causing anxiety. HTH.

[1] http://gettingthingsdone.com/2011/01/the-6-horizons-of-focus
As I understand it, much of that work goes into removing any trace of even innocuous things like libsystemd, which is used by applications that want to support systemd if available. All the necessary work to support a non-systemd init is already in Debian, making Devuan fairly pointless in practice.
I think these are rather strongly written, but certainly a reasonable list. Servers should be carefully implemented to be forgiving of bad input, but always ensure perfect output.
Your example is kinda ironic, given that this Australian citizen is in an Ecuadorian embassy in England, and the politician who wanted to drone him is an American, and the reason he's still alive isn't actually any guns or tanks protecting him, it's the PR outcry that would happen if an assassination took place. His own nation state isn't doing a very good job of protecting him, considering he is taking shelter in another nation-state's property, and that the resources that would attack him are owned by yet another nation-state, and for a significant portion of the world's population, this latter nation-state has conducted quasi-military operations against them with no interference by their own governments. He might as well be holed up in a private citizen's condo in California, if he could find a private citizen who was willing to take him.

I see your point, and I get that there's a common-defense argument for the existence of nations. But realistically, if anyone not an American finds themself opposed to the U.S's interests, their national government isn't going to be of much help to them. Realistically, the invisible hand that prevents the U.S. from bullying the whole rest of the world (even moreso than they do) is that the U.S. as a nation has fairly little interest in being the boss of 7 million people, and oftentimes struggles with being the boss of 300 million people, and the popular outcry over wars abroad tends to stop them within 8 years or so after they get started. It has nothing to do with other nations being an effective check on U.S. power.
Myriarch for Java
You describe him as if he happened to be a genius who was discovered by the right people. My interpretation of the article was that he worked hard to become skilled at code and through persistence and determination managed to convince people to take a chance on him.
He wasn't saying to go back to 1200s, his point was that, ,=since then, those states fused into countries which was good, therefore we should keep fusing into (presumable) the inevitable one-world government.
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https://goo.gl/afg1MK
I love the REST principles. The RESTful ideas framework (I call it like this because I lack a better name for them) helped me organize my applications in a much more consistent manner.

I wonder if a URI like http://api.college.com/students/3248234/courses/physics/stud... would actually make sense to get a list of all the students who take the same physics course that student 3248234 takes. If yes, is there a web framework where such generic routes can be defined?