skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Physicists extend "glass" into "disordered systems". A system can be ordered or disordered in different way, e.g. order (crystal) or disorder (glass) in the positions of atoms, or the simpler case of ordered or disordered spins of atoms (either "up" or "down"). The same phenomena exist in both fields, e.g. glass transitions, so we prefer to study the simpler "implementation", namely spins in a magnetic field.

Computer analogy: we're trying to reverse-engineer an alien ASIC, which can operate either on an array of tuples of three reals, or on an array of bools. It works approximately the same in both cases. The latter case is much easier to analyze, so we prefer to do that.
That's correct. The basic difference between brine and hard rock is that brine is simple to purify but can't be extracted any faster than lithium salts dissolve into water. Benefication and purification of hard rock lithium requires big grinders, flotation and acid baths, essentially the same process as mining any other metal. To justify building all that you need to be able to sell a lot, but once you do the cost is totally amortized.

As an extreme example, coal mining in the US is so efficient that each miner produces 55 tons of coal per day. That kind of efficiency is enabled by the scale and investment.

Current lithium sources are "easy pickings" and low-startup. It's like a single guy panning for gold by hand. He's just doing it for the chance at a buck, where gold is very convenient. Spodumene mining is froth flotation.
I'd impose a 72 hour pre-election silence to give the public time to process all the campaign noise.

I believe such a ban would be in keeping with existing reasonable constraints on free speech, and help contextualize paid messaging in general.
Many people are genuinely trapped. Just because I have been able to pull this off does not mean other people are simply free to choose.

Urban cores are often insanely expensive and not necessarily where someone wants to live just because they don't want a car. I am wholly unimpressed with your hypocritical comments here that boil down to "Don't tread on ME or interfere with my right to own a car and drive all over the place while the world bends over backwards to make that convenient, but your lifestyle preferences? Oh, fuck you."
There was a scene in the first episode that drove me crazy. They were on the ship hull after a huge explosion had occurred. Tony debris kept flying by in the background at what looked like 30/mph. That broke immersion for me so bad.
I'm doing just that (for a SaaS).

1. Build an AMI with Packer that contains Ubuntu + Docker + aws-cli.

2. Build and publish docker images for all the services that will run on the instances. (one image per service, not per environment like you suggested)

3. Configure the EC2 instance or AutoScaling Groups with userdata. The userdata usually just contains a `docker run ...` instruction.

I used to have Chef, run test kitchen, bake AMIs, cycle all the machines. Now I have a single AMI and do most of the testing on the docker side and then some on staging. In both cases I am using terraform to manage the overall infrastructure (and userdata scripts).

The only issue is how to manage secrets as userdata are readable with the DescribeInstance ACL. The best solution that I found is to upload the secrets on S3+KMS and use IAM Role on the machine to retrieve them. Or use Hashicorp Vault.
Thanks for your work @mdo - excited for the beta. I think everyone I know is psyched for sass and cards (and all of the other goodies).
Ask HN: Solutions to many, concurrent, scheduled background jobs in Node.js?
I'm working on creating a sort of high frequency trading-type platform using NodeJS. In my implementation, I have many, many, background jobs that need to all run at the same time, on the millisecond.

My current implementation is in Kue using delayed jobs where the delay is set to the exact datetime that the job must run. Kue can, or so it seems, allow you to specify a concurrency setting where n jobs can run concurrently, starting at the same time.

My question is, what other, possibly better, ways are there to go about this? I feel like Kue isn't as performant as I need, and was obviously not designed for this type of thing (it checks for delayed jobs once per 1000ms, which is too slow for me).
None of them can solve the micropayment problem.

GNU Taler can.
> It isn't discriminatory, it's protective.

I think it is both. The regulation is removing the upside risk as well as the downside risk. Many professional investors are investing to real stupid things and losing their money, it is not that difficult to find examples.
If it makes you feel better, unless you had a good GPU, what you earned might not have been worth more than a few thousand dollars (at current BTC prices). Though the difficulty was certainly much less in 2010, so who knows.
Replying here because you said most of the things I was going to say. This article just makes me sad -- Keccak was chosen for SHA-3 specifically because it turned out SHA-2 wasn't as broken as we feared, and although slow Keccak brings to the table cryptographic diversity and the slew of cool things that can be done with a sponge construction that are now possible using standard cryptographic primitives. NIST made clear that by the time of finalist selection, the point of SHA-3 was NOT to replace SHA-2. OP should know better.
try mechjeb.
I think between your remark and mine it's evident there's no generic recommendation, just a basket of options and the advice to learn your customer preferences.
Delegating responsibility down to the coal face is usually a winner for speed, and when time is money speed is important.
No, that's a different type of transition, due to quantum effects (which are not dominant here).
Is Brave showing any signs of becoming popular? Even within the bitcoin community where it would be expected to be most popular I only occasionally see people say they use it some of the time.
I didn't exactly invent a feudal power structure from whole-cloth, here. It's also important to remember that this society operated upon a consistent legal framework - a framework of property rights and contracts.

Incidentally, the fact that we can't enter indentured servitude anymore is much maligned in some libertarian circles. (Mostly among people who think that they will be the masters, rather then the other way around.)
China and EU strengthen commitment to Paris deal with US poised to step away
It is also harder to fall asleep in unfamiliar locations. Your brain is generally more on the less familiar you are with a location.
Sure, didn't mean to imply megapixel images were the lower threshold, just that it is more to do with the number of features and the need to automatically extract higher level features.
Not on iOS, presumably since Apple isn't making their money from advertising.

They would have no reason not to sell the feature of "better user experience" from blocking ads / trackers.

I use https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/purify-block-ads-and-trackin...
You already had quantum effects at 14,20,32nm etc.
I remember hackertyper from way back when, but I just spent about 10 minutes with a shit eating grin on my face as I played with the different things on geektyper, it nails the vibe spot on.
> I believe that constantly seeing mega-structures fail incorrectly (e.g. CG buildings falling over) actually contributes to 911 conspiracy theories.

The two biggest 911 conspiracy believers that I know are both involved in CGI for their day jobs.
FB is free last I checked. Unless you speak of other costs? Loss of privacy, attention sinkhole/Productivity loss?
My guess is that it is typeset for a particular journal of law - whatever is used to officially document SCOTUS decisions, with an appropriate column size for that. The additional electronic publishing is just using the same format but slapping it in the middle of A4/Letter.
It's economic versus social issues. The "left" is more authoritarian on economic issues. The "right" is more authoritarian on social issues.
Ethiopia turns off internet nationwide as students sit exams
There are FIPS certification levels where shared hardware footprint is an issue, but most commercial devices don't need to ship devices with that certification.

I really don't care about what the standards say; thankfully, the important standards, like TLS, aren't bound by what NIST standardizes.
Change the voting system to allow more parties so that more interests can be represented. Consider weakening the federal government and moving power back to the states so that each person has more control over their own lives (one major part of this is shifting federal taxes to state taxes). Problem is that none of the solutions will be achievable because they consist of weakening the power of those who currently have power, and few people are willing to give up such power unless there is a real and significant threat of them losing even greater power if they don't compromise. For a more discrete example, why would either major party approve a change that gives a strong voice to weaker parties? Just look at how hard they work to keep weaker parties out of any major election debates.

If we don't face a significant external threat, I wonder if there are any options other than for political polarization to continue to grow until... well I'm not sure what happens. I suspect it won't be pleasant.
Elon Musk to Donald Trump: If You Leave the Paris Climate Agreement, I'm Out
"Nobody goes there anymore. It’s too crowded."
OP here, feel free to make a pr to correct any errors or if you want to add any new information.
yeah, there is a blog post with one of the producers apologizing for it: http://www.danielabraham.com/2017/04/04/guest-post-losing-sc... (minor spoiler alert)

nb. i'm in complete love with the show and that particular scene can be best described as... pretty.
That's a self-inflicted problem though. Nobody put a gun to America's head and forced us to make our cities sprawl out. We collectively decided to do it that way because we thought it was better.

And for a few things it IS better. But there are a whole lotta costs, too, with the top 3 being being actual financial cost, grinding on the faces of the poor, and making us fat.
I would say the rate of advancement is kind of plateauing. From the p4 to athlon 64 to c2d the gains were quite amazing. I guess in mobile you still see advancement, but do you really notice the difference between a snapdragon 801,820,835?
The problem is - even on sites where you pay to see content (nyt, wsj, etc), they still show you ads, to a paying logged in subscriber, which is completely ridiculous.
A different interpretation could be that seeing information embedded in different contexts signals your brain that the information is sufficiently generic as to merit storing it. In a way this might be somewhat analogous to spaced repetition but where space is interleaved instead of time.
Out of sheer curiosity, what are the tell-tale signs of other engines?
All roads lead to AllAdvantage :-)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllAdvantage
You can use GKE with a single node if it's big enough (it won't let you do it with the absolute smallest instance). I do it because I just like the k8s model for deploying apps. If any of my sideprojects deployed there ever start to matter I'll scale it up.
The LMAX Architecture (2011)
I am surprised by all the criticism. Sure, this does not make the point perfectly (with various details one could nitpick), but the basic premise seems completely agreeable and even boring - there are ML and statistics techniques that are simpler, more interpretable, and faster than deep learning ones that can often be sufficiently robust for various problems/goals (SVMs and random trees/forests in particular are lovely). At least, that's how it seemed to me. The wording might be improved to alter "when your dataset isn’t that big" to "when you target function isn’t that complex/when your data isn't that complex", sure, but the point stands.
>It's more obvious

And then you factor in the the original Progressive Party came out of the Republicans (i.e. Roosevelt).
I have politicians in my family in India and this is actually an end-game for the politicians. This was damn too common with "urban banks" which are like credit unions. Last Indian president Mrs. Pratibha Patil was charged with such frauds during her political career.

This is how it worked with "urban banks". A politician sets up a bank and gets it running smoothly. Such banks can operate only on small deposits and limited to local area only. They are subject to different banking rules and can give much higher returns and aggressive loans. The banks typically do well.

As the elections nearby the politician and his friends will borrow huge loans. New projects will be setup with these loans. After an year or so the project declares bankruptcy and the loan becomes and NPA. Politician's friend buys the stalled project at throw away costs and then if needed sells back to the politician. Wealth is thus transferred from poor folks to rich politicians.

This time however it has happened with major banks.

The MD of India's top private bank makes around $5M-$10M a year. The Public sector bank MD however makes around $50K max a year. that is 10x less salary. The banks themselves are a giant jobs program.
There is two problems with this theory. The first is that governments have immunity from litigation. They can only be sued where they consent to the lawsuit. The second is that in most states, employee-related injury claims must proceed through a worker's compensation system outside the normal litigation channel where the costs are much less.

I always say there are not too many lawsuits, but too many laws. Legislatures think they are making something better by passing more rules, regulations, and laws. But, for every rule, regulation, or law, you have an opportunity for a lawsuit. Use more common sense? Sure, but then don't pass a multitude of laws regulating the subject.

Why are infrastructure projects' costs higher here? I don't know really. My guess would be that compared to say Germany and Japan, everything here is the U.S. is huge. I mean probably 10-30% larger in size than those other countries with the resulting higher costs. But, this is just my personal observation.
Spiritual Coaches: Why Being Real on Social Media Is Key to Make Clients
I'm confused about this too. The Martian (at least the book) has good science throughout. But in Gravity, the space shrapnel is moving much faster than the ISS, yet has the same orbit as it. I don't think that's possible, from what KSP has taught me.
Show HN: A resume builder PWA, works offline
This is silly. You can call CTR + HMAC-SHA2 an AEAD (if you make allowances for extra data), and it will be one. But if you give two people the independent task to generate a CTR+HMAC-SHA2 AEAD construction, their results will not interoperate (which you might or might not care about). You're fixated on the fact that GCM is at pains to make sure it interoperates, and so specifies specific details about how to couple AES-CTR and GHASH. Every AEAD construction has to do that. That doesn't mean they're not compositions of ciphers and MACs.
You don't need either Kubernetes or OpenShift if all you need is 2-3 instances. Just write an Ansible playbook.

That being said, I do run a few 2-3 node OpenShift clusters and the additional complexity was well worth it.
Remote Shell over ICMP
You have confused BestEffort with Burstable. Agreed about the docs.
This is an extremely simplistic view of the situation. In reality, many of the largest cities are almost entirely unusable without a car while many small cities (in the extreme case, most college towns) have excellent walkability and public transit because of their dense layout. I have personally experienced these. This is not a problem of urbanization to large cities, but of overall urban design.
How can we better quantify the costs? That's where, I think, many people have a blind spot.
Is it easy to find examples of ones who have lost so much that they are literally poor?
If your using a start model you probably shouldn't have excess cash. You would keep it liquid as possible. Why add risk to an already risky situation.

I'm sorry Mr investor, our business kicked ass and it would have been 10x this year but we lost all your money because bitcoin tanked.
Toshiba has released Python and Ruby bindings for GridDB
Right. I don't even know what Kubernetes is — a link to their homepage[1] might've be nice.

[1] https://kubernetes.io/
Google Abandons Its Nik Collection of Popular Photo Editing Software
Remember when he let go of the spacecraft and fell into the black hole?
> As I've mentioned before, diversity of cryptographic primitives is expensive. ... exponential number of combinations ... limited developer resources ...

It's a good point that diversity is expensive. There's a counter-argument too: if we all decide to use one thing, but it goes wrong -
then we're in serious trouble. If we have multiple approaches, then the damage is lessened if one of them turns out to have problems.

In other words, I think it's better to have a variety of approaches to manage risk, even if it does impose costs.
Or literally any business?
GHASH only exists in the GCM standard too, but does have a name. This, too, is a silly point.
How to get $200 of free food in Silicon Valley
The article mentions that the sellers were a government group, and the payment got to government accounts, if i read correctly.
It's debatable. Ansible/Chef/Puppet themselves need to be bootstrapped as well.

Bash is perfectly fine if the machine can be installed with less than 100 lines of code and immutable infrastructure is being used (so no need for idempotent operations). Just make sure to add ShellCheck to the CI pipeline.
I have had the same feeling. I have noticed that my reading has slowed, and I really struggle to get through "long form" reading these days. I really do think the biggest influences in this are the tldr; aspect of the internet and self-interruption. Thanks for the mindfulness meditation mention, I'll try it out.

* also, what other things have you been reading about distraction besides Cal Newport?
The issue of whether some business like "the local, non-chain coffee shop down the street" has any reason to use machine learning whatsoever seems to be orthogonal to the problem discussed in article which is the choice of approaches if you're going to do some machine learning.

There's a classical quote from Tukey "The combination of some data and an aching desire for an answer does not ensure that a reasonable answer can be extracted from a given body of data." - yes, it's quite likely that an average small-medium sized business has no problems where the possible benefit of ML-driven insights won't match the costs required to analyze whatever data they have.

However, if a small-medium business has some problem with a large enough likely payback to justify making some ML system, it is quite likely that deep learning may be applicable on their data.

A big issue is transfer learning - in many domains while you may have a small amount of data, you'd want a system that has learned to generalize on a huge quantity of similar external data, and just tuned on your data. For example, if a cookie bakery needs analysis of cookie pictures or reviews of cookies, and has limited data samples, it would be reasonable to include e.g. ImageNet data or Amazon review corpus. You'd "teach" the system how pictures/internet reviews/English language/whatever else works on the biggest data available, and just retrain/adapt it to your particular problem afterwards.
According to my (small) experience, smaller structures like startups tend to give better feedbacks than large companies.

I guess they have more respect and care more about human relations.
And even if you say, purely for the sake of argument, that climate change not only isn't human-caused but doesn't exist: there's still the matter of insane levels of pollution.

Dead plants and animals, destroyed ecosystems, toxic and carcinogenic particulates circulating through people's lungs every day... These are visible problems that affect many areas of the world today and will reduce the lifespans of our children and grandchildren. Why wouldn't people want to mitigate this?
Agreed. America's forced dominance of the automobile is pretty grossly unethical. Freedom means the ability to make meaningful choices, and if biking is incredibly dangerous, transit is slow and infrequent, and nothing is within walking distance, then those are hardly meaningful options, are they?

Building to support multiple modes of transportation is the freedom-loving thing to do. Want to walk? Go for it! Transit? Sure! Biking? Why not? Driving? Works for me!
What is the test for reasonable constraints on free speech? And what will be the penalty for breaking the ban? If it is just a fine, you have basically just made it so the rich can pay more to have a stronger voice. If it is jail time... well we already know how well the legal system goes after the rich. A law would benefit those who have the power to break it while harming those weaker.
Over three hundred pages and no mention of Bitcoin, Ethereum, or the Initial Coin Offering (ICO) phenomenon in this report.
Polymer 2.x Cheat Sheet
A good and simple example of a Keccak benefit is the KMAC, which is a lot simpler than the construct HMAC needed by the Merkle-Damgård family of hashes.

But the article is right that newer crypto, or more crypto, is not necessarily a good thing. It is also true that there is no need for people to rush to Keccak - SHA-256 and SHA-512 are not broken. It is mostly an interesting function for development of new cryptographic constructs.
Sure thing buddy.

http://atlantablackstar.com/2017/05/15/white-supremacist-ric...
I feel like this made sense for the 1700s United States because everyone there was a recent immigrant—which is to say, people with both the desire and the proven ability to pick up and move to find a place that better suits them.

When you have communities of mostly that type of person, you can just make each community into its own little experiment, and tell everyone to go on a Gulliver's Travels-esque journey to find the right community for them, then settle down.

When your communities, on the other hand, are full of "entrenched" families/clans—groups of people who, for reasons of proximity or tradition, just won't move no matter how bad things get where they're currently living—then the Great Republic Experiment breaks down a little.

Specifically, it breaks because you'll get people who just really don't fit in a place, and would be better suited to some other system of laws available in some other state or municipality... but want to stay where they are anyway, despite suffering strong disutilities. You'll get large numbers of such people, in fact. (See: Detroit.)

A large part of the reason for federalization comes down to helping those people by guaranteeing certain minimum quality-of-life benefits in all those communities, whether the majority there support them or not. Which results in communities that need to share more laws than not, and rapidly lose much of the benefits of separation.

If everyone had kept the "immigrant mentality"—of being willing to drop your existing life to find personal liberty somewhere else—then the US wouldn't much need a federal government (beyond a sort of inverted border-police, working to ensure that people aren't being inhibited by local laws from crossing state lines—a "non-underground" railroad.)

But Americans haven't kept that mentality, and I'm not sure there's a way to re-instill it. It's just, as far as I know, a personality trait—one that happened to have 100% representation in the 18th century US, but then reverted to the mean in their descendants.
I too have a degree in Physics but have trouble enjoying sci-fi entertainment that includes basic physics screw ups in its story. I about pull my hair out when I hear them insert quantum entanglement in random places to make up for a lack of creativity and/or ability to hire a decent science adviser.