skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Customers: Researchers and those they communicate with. Specifically those doing early development of novel proteins - antibodies, biologics, CARs, CRISPR, enzymes, bio-materials, bio-sensors, optogenetics, or basic research. We help them organize and intelligently manage their libraries of constructs based on the constructs' capabilities.

Problem: Communicating genetic designs to yourself, to others in your field, to others in your company - your boss or your technicians, to manufacturers and suppliers. And communicate without error, with higher-level abstraction, and with functional rather than technical detail. High-throughput design and analysis of designs naturally falls out of those capabilities.

DNA is the 'blueprint' for the "protein" machines. If you want to build a new or novel biological machine, you must construct a DNA blueprint for it, that blueprint is ingested, and the machine is built to spec. Our software is essentially a 1-dimensional CAD program that lets you focus on, manipulate and organize the material properties of the biological nanomachines you are building, rather than focus on the manufacturing process. Think the difference between producing a high-level CAD file vs G-code for the design of a sub-10nm 3d object.

Historically, you have to build the blueprint by hand. The challenges of building the DNA blueprint itself were immense, and have slowly become more and more routine. Simply obtaining a close-enough blueprint to what you wanted was sufficient to develop synthetic insulin, synthetic HGH and a host of other billion-dollar biologic therapies you see on TV commercials every night. This tool is a break-point - it allows you to build biological machines based on what you want the machine to do, and leave the construction of the blue-print itself entirely behind the scenes. It compiles down the high-level design into a synthesizable blueprint without the user needing to intervene. Construction of DNA is fraught with all sorts of syntax rules that this helps to entirely obviate. With this software a researcher can focus on the properties of their desired product 'fluoresces green', 'binds to Gold', 'more soluble' rather than nuanced genetic construction rules.

Many useful protein machines can be deconstructed into component parts (each part itself encoded by DNA). Pinecone lets you drag and drop those component parts together, press buy, and get shipped the DNA that encodes those parts. Historically you'd have to parse a string of thousands of A, T, G and Cs (literally in Excel or Word) - where a single error would result in failure of the machine.

These proteins are useful therapeutically, economically, and socially - they are biology's nanotechnology. They are a few orders of magnitude more precise than Intel's new i9 processor's features, are 3D in nature, and work in wet, room-temperature environments.
I can't believe I never heard of this computer. Very interesting though.
Yes. Also, from a passenger's perspective, it's self-driving.
Age 9 or so when they start being able to code. For a while, many people think they are too young to be employed.

Then after you are 35 or so, many younger people think you are "old."

From what I've seen, and yes saying this sounds ageist, ageism is mostly a problem created by young people.
AWS, Azure and Google Cloud Performance Comparison with Apache Kafka
A weird headline, but good points. Dan Sivers had a story about a taxi driver who told him that things were better back in the days when the Mafia ran everything. The mafia, as long as they got their cut, didn't really care what you did or pester you about how you did it. But the beancounters who run things these days are really invasive and much more difficult to work with.
Whoa, that's pretty awesome!

I'm already using this with Launchpad.net, but that's really cool that I can use Github, too.

Dustin
Frankly I think you could call a mathematician a fictionalist or meta-fictionalist since a proof can be construed as a narrative in the ZFC canon. I'd be willing to call a mathematician "someone who investigates the laws of fiction" for a while. In a sense, a contradiction means that a fiction can't be sustained, and mathematicians must be constantly on the lookout for contradictions.
Ask HN: How does a UI specialist transition to AR/VR?
Being that AR/VR are such new fields, it's clear that there is no clear path yet.

I think that the future of interfaces lies in AR; as someone whose career has been focused on the UI side of things (everything from design to front-end engineering), I'd like to pursue AR while it's still nascent.

The issue lies in that my work has been exclusively web-related, the software I write being predominantly JavaScript and the interfaces I design inherently being tied to flat screens. Is there a logical segue into (developing experience with) AR from here, or is it absolutely necessary to start ground-up with graphics and core CS fundamentals?

To be clear, I'm already studying CS theory and plan to delve into graphics, but I'm unsure whether I'm already equipped to dive into AR or not.
I'm a developer who drastically prefers PostgreSQL due to things like window functions, a more predictable query planner, a variety of index types and the ability to index over calculated fields, improved strictness out of the box (e.g., UTF-8 being UTF-8, no implicit truncation of long strings, no silent and lossy automatic typecasting), and so on.

I'm forced to use MySQL at work, because it's much easier to work with for our operations teams.

That said, my perception is that PostgreSQL is catching up to MySQL in terms of operational overhead and replication strategies faster than MySQL is catching up to PostgreSQL on the end-user side of things.

To an end-user like me, what would you point out are some current advantages that MySQL has over PostgreSQL, and what do you see the MySQL project doing to help it catch up to the growing gulf in feature parity?
Who Experiences the Most Awe? – Greater Good
Current State Analysis – A Necessity for a Digital Transformation Roadmap
70% FASTER: REWRITING THE API THAT SERVES MOST OF OUR TRAFFIC
Mountain Trails to Reach Waterfall Video
I read that when it came out, but I don't see how that is relevant to this question. The link provides a program for a Turing machine that probes ZFC. So can you create a Turing machine that probes ZFC, but can't be proven not to halt? The link emphatically says yes! And it also puts some bounds on the number of states necessary to program such a machine.

Please show how that paper describes a Turing machine 'programmed with PE' can't simulate a Turing machine 'programmed with ZFC'?

Perhaps we are arguing over what 'programmed with PE' or 'programmed with ZFC' means? The parent post seemed to claim that it was possible to construct a physical computer with the axioms of ZFC built-in so to speak. As opposed to one with PE built-in. Which obviously calls into question the parent post understanding of what exactly idealized Turing machines are.
"she's "liberal", and (at least in my bubble) being "liberal" is associated with wanting less strong IP protection."

I may not agree with her opinion but I am happy about anybody who goes against the expected behavior because they are "liberal/conservative". It's time that the people in power think for themselves instead of going by party/ideology line.

I don't know much about IPO law but this seems to be a good thing for consumers and also the "market". I honestly thought that this court would just decide in whatever way corporations want them to deice.
I've been trying out spacemacs for the past few weeks, and I really love this feature as well
http://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/09/09/fortune-crime/
Regarding the Kilo tutorial: a text editor is something that most people intuitively understand how to use, but the author took the time to explain the challenges that needed to be solved in order to create a terminal text editor, and built it incrementally while explaining each problem encountered and then how each iteration provided a solution.

I can definitely also see your argument that a smaller and more straightforward project may be easier to explain. As someone at least superficially acquainted with how blockchain technology works, my fear was that a lack of understanding of the thing being built might be a stumbling point for readers/listeners of a line-by-line code walkthrough.

However, you seem confident that a line-by-line will be sufficient to explain both the Haskell and bitcoin sides of things concisely, so I'll defer to your judgment, and look forward to it!
Can you even tell the difference between American football and association football (soccer)? Seems doubtful. You certainly have no basis to discuss the comparative risks between the two. Maybe the people that play these games don't want to sit around in front of a computer all day atrophying and getting fat and sick. Maybe they like to be healthy and have fun. That doesn't make them idiots. It just shows your intolerance to something that doesn't even affect you.
Sibling responses here are good overviews of her views in this decision, but more generally, the liberal-vs-conservative view of the court is at least to some extent a media invention. 5-4 decisions tend to be big, juicy, mainstream-accessible politically oriented cases, so they get the most press, which leads to the perception that most cases are decided 5-4 along "political" lines. This is not true, though: unanimous decisions are the single most common outcome, and decisions that are not 5-4, or are 5-4 along some other axis, happen all the time, with justices predictably agreeing or disagreeing on certain issues in a way that's not aligned with the popular conception (e.g., Thomas and Scalia typically disagreed on fourth amendment jurisprudence despite being on the same "side").
Ted is brilliant
People use Dart on the server and seem to be quite happy with it: see for example https://aqueduct.io/ as an example of homegrown server framework that heavily relies on mirrors.

But it is true that mirrors more dead than alive on the JS target.

I also would expect that eventually Flutter would want something in this space that is compatible with AOT compilation because it allows to tremendously cut down on boilerplate in some cases.
Remote work: How we make it work
You can get a refillable pod for kuerigs. I think it's even kuerig branded. Is there another vendor you're thinking of?
I have to admit I'm skeptical of online hype for books like this. The last book I read that had this much love was Gravity's Rainbow, and that book seemed to have much less to say than it promised. It seemed to me it was just written in an intentionally difficult way to make it harder to notice that nothing much happens.
>They don't take into account the fact that human beings are not independent, perfectly rational actors.

and

>That's the practical reality of fallible humans with finite computational capacity.

and

>Fortunately, laws do recognize that fact. A lot of them exist to shield people from being predictably exploited.

And who votes in these people who enact these laws? Other people. They are not always rational, especially when dealing with issues of enormous complexity, that obfuscates the effects of policy.

These laws will inevitably be used to stifle competition to vested interests, in the name of consumer protection. See [1] above. Governing a complex society composed of hundreds of millions of people through cookie cutter rules on what non-coercive interactions are exploitive is not practical.

The spontaneous order of a decentralized, non-coerced society works surprisingly well. For example, after the Mt Gox insolvency, people in the cryptocurrency space wisened up, and stopped using Bitcoin exchanges that didn't use the highest security standards, like cold wallet storage.

Yet the Wild West days of Bitcoin exchanges were a necessary phase at a time when the Bitcoin market cap was less than $20 million and no VC company in the world would have funded a Bitcoin exchange, so exchanges run by amateurs were the best we could hope for.

In other words, had there been regulations requiring millions in capital to start a Bitcoin exchange, we never would have had a nascent exchange industry in the first place, and Bitcoin would never have gotten off the ground.

As the market grew, and venture capital began flowing into exchanges, those exchanges became more professionally run and more secure. This was a natural evolution that didn't need to be guided by top-down decree. Also, the emergence of security standards that
effectively protected against major hacks was a result of trial and error, and the culture within the cryptocurrency market of retail traders and investors evolving to become more vigilant. This is a more robust situation than a market of sheep consumers corralled by regulators who become the target of rent-seeking parties looking to use regulatory barriers to stifle competition.

A couple of Bitcoin exchanges in the US were actually shut down in the early days, due to regulatory enforcement action, which contributed to MtGox dominating the market. Absent those regulatory restrictions, venture capital would have began investing in US based exchanges much sooner, and thus we would have had professionally run exchanges sooner than we did.

In conclusion, regulations destroy innovation and the development of industries, and the lost benefits of that outweigh the short-term harm caused by an industry's growing pains.

There is good reason societies that adopt liberal democratic principles have historically prospered relative to those subscribing to paternalistic ideologies. Thankfully with cryptocurrencies, industries operate more on liberal democratic principles, whether the political institutions want them to or not.
This was discussed very very early. Basically type system would not allow to declare `var` inside class. It would apply to object graph, so immutable collection could not store mutable objects etc..

Problem is that type system in Java is dynamic at runtime. It is not possible while maintaining interoperability with Java code.
U.S. Supreme Court Curbs Patent-Holder Power to Block Resale
Both the current title and the original title are pretty clickbaity.
Dupe from 3 months ago, is there some new context that makes this more relevant now than then or was this an inadvertent dupe?
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13747364
IANAL, likely not, it sounds very similar to Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co. [0] which found that since Suppiger "is making use of its patent monopoly to restrain competition in the marketing of unpatented articles, salt tablets, for use with the patented machines, and is aiding in the creation of a limited monopoly in the tablets not within that granted by the patent." it was barred from enforcing the patent and contract.

The risk of being barred from enforcing their patents probably encourages Lexmark to not even attempt to bring such a suit.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morton_Salt_Co._v._G.S._Suppig....

Edit: HN seems to strip the trailing "." from the URL
Not sure if the author is being intentionally misleading, or if he really doesn't understand the state of mobile payments today. My guess would be the first based on the rest of the article.

Take this:
"If an Australian company writes an app that allows a purchase to be made — and paid for, via the app — it’s more likely than not that Apple or Google will appear, asking for a big slice of that sale."
...
"All of this is fine if you’re buying an album from iTunes, but what if you’re buying a sofa from IKEA?"

The above clearly implies that Apple / Google are going to charge merchants their 30% app sale cut on a couch, but that's ridiculous. Ikea can implement Apple Pay directly in their app and pay a 0% cut to Apple today, without requiring users to enter their CC details. Heck, you can even build that in to a website, you don't even need an app. I assume Google's mobile payment stuff has similar features, if not they'll catch up.
If you can afford ECC then that is obviously preferable. However the horror stories regarding running ZFS on non-ECC are greatly exaggerated.
The object cache doesn't persist across HTTP requests. You have to install some 3rd party plugin for that.[1]

[1]https://codex.wordpress.org/Class_Reference/WP_Object_Cache
I've actually used Ext2 in production, back in the '90s. That's all we had back then. A bit later I've also played a lot with XFS, both on Linux and Irix (I've worked at SGI for a while in the '00s).

Back in ye olden days, yanking the power cord basically guaranteed a corrupt Ext2 FS and a visit from fsck. However, in the vast majority of cases, fsck would actually do the job. You had to peruse lost+found and recover the lost souls out of it, but that was usually the extent of it. I did 'fsck -y' many, many times - in most cases with good results.

XFS on PC was worse. It tended to be stupendously fast when dealing with lots of I/O to/from very large files (video editing, running VMs), but a power failure on PC was a lot worse than with Ext2. There was a good chance you would lose the whole volume.

On Irix / SGI hardware it was a very different story. Those suckers were quite reliable. Heavy as hell, too.

---

One habit from back then that's very hard to shake off is to run sync before reboot, often as "sync; reboot" - you know, just in case something gets stuck on the way down and you have to hit the reset button. A more extreme example would be to manually stop all services except sshd, then do "sync; reboot".

It's completely unjustified today, and yet I still do "sync; reboot" occasionally. It's baked into the muscle memory of my fingers after sleepless nights caused by losing stuff due a flaky driver that froze the system on reboot.
There seems to be a logic gap here if I'm understanding the possibilities correctly.

What stops me from founding a company through which I get paid, leveraging that company to purchase 100% of my "assets", then instituting a EULA and selling (at no cost) a lifetime license to use anything I want to myself? As per your logic (as I understand it), I could then declare myself utterly destitute and owning $0 worth of assets. My company could also claim $0 worth of assets.

At that point, could I not play any number of games to increase eligibility for government assistance programs or reduce tax burden?

(This is a quick thought, so if there's any glaring flaws in this idea please do point them out.)
So last I checked, btrfs was the way of the future according to Ted, but every time I see it discussed, it's Here Be Dragons galore. Is there some timeframe where btrfs will take over? Or at least be stable enough for a Debian or Red Hat to switch to it as a default?
I wasn't comparing injury rates, I was comparing the willingness of a coach to sit out a player, and attributing some level of influence on that decision based on how many games are in a season (and thus how important every individual game is).

Additionally, nobody was talking about forcing coaches to bench players, we're talking about setting up the system such that coaches feel it's in the best interest of the team to occasionally bench (rest) players. Also, you don't send an entire team of lower quality players out at once, you cycle them through such that you're still always playing at a high level, just maybe not the peak possible (which you often aren't because of injuries anyway). There may be additional benefit to running more games when it comes to fan viewing and involvement, I'm not sure, but there's probably good data on it for many other sports.
What the Newly Drafted NIST Password Guidelines Mean to You
There are languages where all functions run in PTIME (https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~sacook/homepage/ptime.pdf), but this doesn't help.

If your program is a FSM, then your functions run in constant time, and still verification is infeasible. Search for "Just as a quick example of why verifying even FSMs is hard" in my blog post http://blog.paralleluniverse.co/2016/07/23/correctness-and-c...

Languages that are so limited as to be unusable are still PSPACE-complete to verify.

It is simply impossible to create a useful programming language where every program is easily verifiable. Propositional logic -- the simplest possible (and too constrained to be useful) "language" -- is already intractable. Feasible verification in the worst-case and computation of even the most limited kind are simply incompatible. As anyone who has done any sort of formal verification -- it's hard. There are two general ways of getting around this difficulty. Either we verify only crude/local properties using type checking/static analysis (both are basically the same abstract interpretation algorithm), or taylor a verification technique to a small subset of programs. The other option is, of course, to work hard.
I know you are the product manager and gave a line to tow and all, but tokudb really belongs distributed with stock MySQL. It's a basic enabler for a modern revolution in MPP which perhaps Oracle doesn't want to realize.. ;)

When tables are small and fit into memory tokudb and innodb are damn close performance-wise. But innodb has crap compression so stops fitting into memory a lot sooner, and innodb performance drops off a cliff when it stops fitting into memory. Whereas tokudb just sails on awesomely. It's easy to have multi-TB tokudb tables. Just a shame that the next jump upwards is forgotten-ware like ShardQuery. MariaDB is doing Spider and Tokudb ...
I like this, but I can imagine it being a hard sell even at just 5%.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02105068
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10701-013-9770-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_collapse_theory -- See Penrose' as canonical example of objective collapse

There is just tons of reading on this if you care to scour the literature. Penrose' objective collapse theory is usually given as the prime example of the whole genre.
Yandex has some of the best programmers in the world. This was a surprise to me, but in the past 5 years, I've been spending few months a year in Belarus with various engineering team and have been learning a lot about this region.

Yandex has it's own school within the universities where they recruit the best minds early on and train them.
I've heard from programmers who now work at FB. That they could pass google's interview tests, but could not pass the Yandex test at all.

Add to that, Yandex Taxi is currently the second most popular on demand Taxi service in Russia. They might also be able to easily bypass many regulations we face here in US and get to a lot more driving data than google/uber/apple/lyft might have.

What does that mean? I think, the self driving car might finally give Yandex team something to do with all the talent they've been recruiting. So I would not dismiss their efforts at all. They could become a real force very quickly.
Foundations for Mathematical Methodology (2016) [pdf]
Ask HN: How to monetize a niche search engine?
I have a niche search engine with pretty decent activity. What are some good ways I could monetize?
Stop putting words in my mouth, and we can maybe have a real conversation. I'm not advocating protectionism, so that's not a fruitful branch of this conversation.

Food and clothing are cheaper - that's great. The barriers to entry there are pretty low.

How much cheaper is healthcare? Housing? Cars? College?

Is there not enough competition in any of those? (Obviously not.)
A generative approach to simulating watercolor paints