skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
It was a combination for me, depending on the lecturer. I had some papers where up to 15% of the paper purely depended on output being 100% correct (you lost percentages each time it failed, and got 0% if it didn't work in the end).

I also had some papers where your grade was based around functionality, where there were several milestones, so as long as you got it partially right, you got some marks. For instance, in one paper, we had to implement RIPv2, but we got partial marks if we only got parts of the spec working.

Then there were papers where you had a final goal, but even if your code didn't even compile, they'd take a look at it and if you were on track, you'd get partial marks. For example, we had a paper where we had to control a helicopter reading data from a rotary encoder and other inputs, and use PID control. We had our PID control backwards so the thing wouldn't even fly, but the code was otherwise correct.
cheating at harvard?? impossible!
You know if it will be right or wrong before you even turn it in.

Most student-written test suites I've seen are not nearly this thorough.
Re: the Wordsum test, I can't believe it is seriously used to assess IQ. If we assume that all participants know all of the words used, then maybe it would have some merit. But so many of the words used are either archaic, little-used, or culturally specific to North America that you could only reasonably expect a well-read and/or well-educated (and therefore wealthy) American person to know them.
A little goes a long way, though... Having done a CS degree and an art degree myself, I appreciate the rigor of the CS mentality but it definitely cannot be successfully transplanted into the art scene, at least not into the public discourse of art. The agendas are too different. (A lot of artists are handy technical people, but usually in the workshop, not the coding variety)
Here's repost of summary of this paper back when I posted it on Lobste.rs:

"In high-assurance systems, certification usually mandates that many forms of verification are used since one might catch problems others missed. Sometimes, the problems are in the verification tools themselves. The authors review tools that seem to have only used formal verification on select aspects of their distributed systems. The added techniques of code/doc review, observing things in debugger, component-based testing, and network/file fuzzing caught a bunch of problems.

Interestingly, the verified code did exactly what the spec said it would. Like with CompCert, the formal verification made the implementation flawless in terms of conforming to the spec. The spec errors were mostly at interfaces as the founders of software engineering found in the 1960’s. I always say to bulletproof those by throwing everything you can afford to at them. That numerous components didn’t work the way the authors guessed reinforces why high-assurance software always lists everything in the Trusted Computing Base (TCB) along with what was verified and how. If you don’t fully understand a 3rd-party component, then there’s no way you can say your own component correctly uses the other one. This is also why projects such as deepspec.org are going from hypervisor code all the way down to the hardware. An example of a lightweight method is to build monitors for 3rd-party components that watch traces of its execution to spot inconsistencies with specifications that reflect user’s expectations. This has been used in both embedded (Copilot) and enterprise (NonStop) systems."
That's an odd response. Why do you feel that way?
Dell UP3216Q
I too, drew the same parallel :D
Its a pretty common Americanism that is disconnected from sports in my experience, I suspect the average American would recognize it as "something/someone that is contributing a lot", and only a tiny percentage would even recognize "minimum viable product" spelled out.
This should be obvious to any person who tutors people online. If you check out sites like https://schoolsolver.com or https://chegg.com they have become havens for programming questions. One could make the argument that it's partly the teachers fault for reusing old programming assignments. On the other hand, especially on something like school solver, there are plenty of programmers, living in 3rd world countries, willing to do original complex programming assignments for a paltry amount of money.
Things are getting better if you go to model-checking. Check out this TLA+ tutorial that covers interesting use-cases:

https://learntla.com/introduction/
What's with the obsession with student assessment over student learning? At the end of the day the student has to perform, and there are plenty of opportunities to build up a network of people that will assert you know your stuff. Why is it that grades are still a thing at this level?
> If you can afford a video game console, you can afford a raspberry pi (or equivalent.)

Right. This type of democratization is EXACTLY what allowed me to climb the social ladder out of the rural midwest into a Top 15 university and then Silicon Valley. As a teenager, all I needed to teach myself coding and advanced math was free time and an Internet connection.
There were several things going on. The ad below the search field helped. The agreements with various companies (e.g. Adobe) to stealth-install Chrome when their products were being installed helped. The fact that a lot of the hard work of getting web sites to be created to standards not just to "works in IE" had been done by Firefox helped. The ads on TV all over the place helped. The ads on posters in subways all over the place helped.

Better technology and features are nice, but huge marketing spend and sleazy stealth-install agreements are nice too, if your goal is just market share.
My engineering courses were filled with cheaters.

Fortunately, these become apparent in the workplace and filter out in the first few years.

Any major with promise of wealth will have those who will resort to ill means to get ahead in the system. Again, fortunately, many are weeded out in later stages.
The Unfinished: David Foster Wallace’s Struggle to Surpass Infinite Jest (2009)
The aliens might be equally surprised that many of our medicines are also poisonous to us. Yet (as someone put it to me when describing anti-worm medicine that his dog was taking) they're more poisonous to our pathogens or parasites than they are to us. For example, ivermectin, which that dog was probably taking, is poisonous to mammals but much more poisonous to their parasites, while terbinafine is poisonous to humans but much more poisonous to fungi that infect us.

For all of our medicines, we or our doctors have to make a judgment about whether the side effects are worth it for the therapeutic value that we get. If we said that we would never deliberately use any poisonous substances, we might have to throw away most of our pharmacopoeia.

You can try to make an argument against pesticides on the basis that their side effects aren't worth it (and I prefer organics myself), but I think the fact that pesticides are "poison" doesn't get you there by itself.
I don't, but I bet you can find it if you ask to "stack overflow movies".

link: https://movies.stackexchange.com/
‘Spotify Rule’ Would Help New York Stock Exchange Woo Unicorns
Your static images could do with high-DPI versions of them (via `srcset="… 2x"` and the likes), or using SVG, so that they’re not fuzzy.
Is it worth it?

From a financial standpoint, it depends. The range that is front-end covers a vast range of talent. A person could be labeled front-end while theming WordPress websites, while another person is also front-end working on a large product where engineering practices are important. In that range, the pay is going to greatly vary: $30k - $250k.

From an enjoyment standpoint, it too depends. If you enjoy solving user facing problems, then front-end is your thing. It isn't just about how to you retrieve the data, but how does the user interact with querying and then reading the results.

The front-end landscape does appear scary, but you need to realize that you are seeing a much wider landscape than you are with Scala and Ruby. Compare the front-end landscape to the data storage landscape. You got MySQL, MS SQL, Oracle, Redis, Mongo, Solr, Active Record, Datamapper, Hadoop, etc. If you tried to master all of it and follow every new library that came out, you would go mad. So you focus on a certain area while occasionally looking around. Do the same thing for front-end. Do you want to be working on large-scale applications, then focus on things like React and TypeScript - things meant to solve large-scale issues. If you want to make brochure websites, then focus on jQuery and CSS.
Japan is suffering from a ninja shortage amid huge demand from foreign tourists
They were havens for traditional engineering questions when I was in college too (Dynamics, Statics, Fluids, etc). Every homework question we had seemed to be available online somewhere and it let to kids simply copying answers instead of simply learning the same material they were copying. It got so bad the whole MechEng dept at my school got rid of homework in favor of problem sets that were solved in a given classroom, at a given time, with a TA supervising.

I can only imagine it is much worse now.
Haiti actually has much more forest cover than popularly believed
Just out of curiosity, did Chrome get faster since https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13752024 or did Safari get slower?

In any case, I'd like to try to figure out what's going on here. Is the problem reproducible with the publicly available demo of partsbox? If so, what are the steps to reproduce? That is, what operations are you measuring?
Your reading makes the word "great" superfluous. Its not "common sense" to read a qualifier out of the question asked.
Despite Giphy's broad distribution network, it doesn't seem that Gif Artists can be compensated for their labor in the way Youtube Creators can.

Nor would a watermarked Gif Ad, like the one I just saw for Netflix's "War Machine" provide much more than what amounts to CDN hosting fees for Giphy's platform. Minus any content licensing.

Hiring and developing Gif talent, building a Creators' Studio and marketing any resulting new IPs falls into the same conundrum: endusers copy, share and consume Gif images freely.

As for mobile ads, its the engagement, such as redeeming a Memorial Day promotion code for Lyft, that is monetized. Not the content.

We could hypothesize and analyze the remaining possible revenue models but unless Gifs can somehow be transmuted into some sort of cryptocurrency or other store of value, I am just having a hard time wrapping my head around this one.

How do you build Paywalls for Gifs? And aren't Snap and Insta Stories the new "micro reality entertainment" channels?

Wishing Alex and co. best of luck!
> a positive effect

Any numbers/figures?
For all those wo are not aware what HTTPS encrypts:

HTTPs encrypts basically the whole protocol, this includes your request (the URL, your fingerprint -- e.g. browser, plugins installed, preferred languages) and the response (the content, type of the response (text, video, audio file), and some other not some important things).

What HTTPs does not encrypt is the domain and ip. The domain is leaked through DNS. DNSSec will not help either because it will not encrypt the DNS request. It rather signs it so that you can be sure it is authentic (not tempered with) but everyone can read it. This includes the wifi hotspot you use, your ISP, your government and anyone who tampers with the wires (theoretically even your neighbor and nearby people if you use mobile data since the connection from your device to your ISP is not really strong[1]).

Even if you would encrypt the DNS traffic (or you use just use the host's ip directly), the person who intercepts your traffic could just build a database with IP addresses that correspond to DNS entries (or do a reverse lookup, however, not every IP address has a reverse lookup configured to the domain you are visiting).

In wikipedia's example, this can still be pretty bad. For instance, if an oppressive government realizes that you visit wikipedia version of a particular language pretty frequently (compared to the rest of the population), they might make assumptions about you and profile you. When you visit the German wikipedia site, you are actually visiting de.wikipedia.org instead of en.wikipedia.org which can be intercepted and seen.

This gets worse for static file servers which serve different images at different subdomains (e.g. static512.domain.tld). So, if a DNS request is made to static523, static123, static721, and static132, an attack might be able to guess which article you are reading (or narrow down the choice) because their will not be many articles which have images served by those particular file servers. Thankfully wikipedia does not do that. Everything is served through upload.wikimedia.org but newpapers/forums, etc might not do that or they even have a unique domain for that article (e.g. embedded chart/video, which comes from a unique their party and is loaded automatically).

So all in all, HTTPs is pretty good but you still leave a lot of metadata (the DNS requests are just the tip of the iceberg) that can be used to learn a lot about you. If you want to be safe, use Tor or a VPN. If you use a VPN be aware that you just shift the trust from your current location to another one (so that the VPN provider, their ISP, and the government where the VPN server is located can read all those metadata, which might be not a big deal or even worse, depending where you actually life. Furthermore some VPNs have been known to be broken easily and your ISP/government still sees that you are using a VPN or even Tor).

[1]: One exception is LTE internet but you could still downgrade the connection to 3G or edge to intercept the domain
It means that if the company liquidates -- IPO, sale, or dissolution being the more common forms -- the investor is first in line for $4,000,000. Then, any remaining money gets split among the other share holders. If there's less than $4m in the pool, then the investor gets it all and everyone else gets nothing.
I can share my personal story.

I've always been computer savvy and would have loved to have gone into programming, now I'm trying to prep to go back to school for computer science, so I think it may be relevant.

But even being good with computers I was never really a good student in high school, and due to moving around, parents divorcing etc, I had huge gaps in my math education(I still don't know my multiplication tables). To the point that I never really thought I was good at math until I got to college.

By the time I got to college though I had already put years into becoming a graphic designer, it was my career path and I could graduate faster if I stayed on it. So I did, because I was so close to finishing. I've regretted it ever since.

Now I'm older, wiser, full of regret and better at math, so now I'd love to go back to school or attend a boot camp, but I'm legitimately broke, and I have no idea how to pay for it. So I keep trying to learn on my own, from the occasional book or youtube video.

TLDR: Math education was lacking and required, I was already on a career path, have regretted it ever since.
Saves time.

It's a lot easier to determine if you are capable from "my GPA is x" rather than having someone sit down and write code for a few hours and doing a code review.
> unify search and address bar already

Do you prefer not having search suggest, or sending all your URLs to your search engine? Because with a unified bar, you have to pick one or the other.
Computer science is proof-based.

Funny how both of us are dismissing stuff neither of us did in school :)
Can't speak for OP, but the engineering mindset usually comes from those of us who go into the program that tend to be very mathematical and logical, while being obsessed with figuring out how things work. When a group of engineers sits down at a table to eat lunch, they could spend an hour arguing about how the restaurant could be more efficient...etc. These kids are often used to independent problem solving and don't need to have their hands held. We had an economics teacher in college who was famous for asking the engineers to stand up on the first day of class and then stating that they would be excused from the finals as they would all have above a 95 and not have to take it. The only majors that get the math exposure we do are well mathematics and physics. The difference is we also have to do a lot of concrete things like fabrication, CAD, circuit design, and almost every other class gets some level of programming, so your entire world resolves around fixing things and applying problem solving techniques. They parody this in Dilbert, but engineers are weird birds. Comp Sci is similar in a way when you have a student coding for 12 hours straight as they're in the zone and coding an elegant solution. They aren't entirely dissimilar, but engineers often have a more formal math background and will attempt to approach a problem from that side. Someone with a PhD in math will be so far ahead of me, that I'll barely be able to catch a glimpse at the kinds of problems they solve. We do more practical things like design engines and stealth technology, while they work on things like the millennium problems. I once attended a lecture by a notable math professor on the Riemann Hypothesis basics. 1 hour in and I still didn't hear the problem properly stated. He said "the reason the riemann hypothesis is important is because it is the reimann hypothesis" wtf?!? Anyway, although it is somewhat stereotypical, each major seems to have a kind on niche person that is attracted to it.
Unfortunately, unless that network of people includes people with hiring authority, it is not very helpful. Employers seem to put very little stock in references.
That makes a lot of sense. Yet another case of insane defaults :(

Servers are like castles of old. They need to be properly defended!
I think it's a fun/educational process to interact with some daemons over telnet. You can telnet into port 80 and create an HTTP request, for instance.

Certification negotiation happens before the GET request happens, which means that the "URL" (or, rather, everything after the domain) is encrypted.

You can also see some of this process with curl. So:

curl -vvv https://www.google.com/
Everyone does code review or whiteboards now in industry at least - it's not as if you're offered a residency or job after you get a degree unless it's a pretty good degree with some actual interviewing.
Pipes was a handy tool, hope this project keeps up!
What I did was to use a difference in psychology based on gender. Sure it was blunt and inaccurate, but psychology is generally pretty weak like this - see the replication crisis - so it is important to be careful not to use it out of context. You didn't speak of norms and tendencies.

I'd like to point out that you have doubled down on the us-vs-them mentality.

Extremists are doing absolutely nothing to prevent you from coming up with a better way of looking at this problem.
Quatz Composer allowed for composite patches. There is still something hard about using them though.
We optimize for what we can easily measure, even when it doesn't make sense to optimize for that thing.
There is a concern dating back many years that a government will mandate that UAs trust a particular government-controlled CA (that eventually, but maybe not at first, openly performs MITMs). This is one reason that browsers really want to keep control of their root programs and not be mandated by governments to include any particular trusted roots -- including to maintain a remedy against roots that do appear to deliberately facilitate MITMs.

Although there have been lots of concerns about CNNIC, I don't believe that the Chinese government currently either (1) routinely uses CNNIC to perform MITMs for censorship or mass surveillance purposes, or (2) purports to require UAs to trust CNNIC or another Chinese root in order to be used by Chinese users. I'm happy to be corrected if someone knows otherwise.
It is a good thing, the context implies it is a place where he or she has chosen to hide away. The idea of a chosen place to hide is "good" because the choice means that if it we're bad the author would not have chosen it.

Saying "hideaway from the police" would be an example of it being bad, because the police have forced the hiding.
My favorite class which I think I learned the best in, homework was given with answers and partial solutions. It was still graded, but more for "did you do stuff" and "this is what/where you did wrong".

It made homework not a test of how clever you were or how resourceful you were ... "collaborating" with your peers. It made it about solving problems with instant feedback. Waiting two weeks between doing a problem is a lot less helpful.
т is a homoglyph of T—because one could mistake one for the other. They're in a visual equivalence-class. That doesn't mean that you should normalize т into T, though. Those are separate considerations.

If you were granting e.g. domain names, or usernames, you'd be able to map each character in the test string to its homoglyph equivalence-class, and then ask whether anyone has previously registered a name using that sequence of equivalence-class values. So someone's registration of "тhe" would preclude registering "the", and vice-versa; but when you normalized "тhe", you'd still get "mhe".

Of course, to use such a system properly, you'd have to keep the original registered variant of the name around and use it URL slugs and the like (even if that means resorting to punycode), rather than trying to "canonicalize" the person's provided name through a normalization algorithm. Because they have "[the equivalence class of т]he", not "mhe"; someone else has "mhe".
Another ponzi pumping article on HN
No source code, but looking at the Windows binary it's using a statically linked copy of SDL 2.

Plus that file's about 2 MB, so really not surprisingly small.
Ask HN: Kotlin vs. Swift vs. Groovy vs. Scala
Links in comments.

I was reading this very interesting article about kotlin: https://medium.com/@magnus.chatt/why-you-should-totally-switch-to-kotlin-c7bbde9e10d5?source=linkShare-f672cb3447f3-1496065730

And I made this comment: https://medium.com/@perry.j.fraser/so-why-should-i-use-kotlin-instead-of-swift-groovy-or-scala-1d2e9e539f49?source=linkShare-f672cb3447f3-1496066029

I haven't gotten any response, and I still would like to answer this question.
Have knowledge asynchronous from the market. If you're asking here you don't, so don't trade.
Interviewing someone who will not pass is more expensive than not doing so.
Article: https://medium.com/@magnus.chatt/why-you-should-totally-swit...

Comment: https://medium.com/@perry.j.fraser/so-why-should-i-use-kotli...
> What HTTPs does not encrypt is the domain and ip. The domain is leaked through DNS.

Currently also with SNI.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication

This is important for some censorship circumvention schemes and also because some people have suggested that encrypting SNI is useless because DNS leaks the hostname [however, not necessarily along the same network path!!], while some people have also suggested that encrypting DNS queries is useless because SNI leaks the hostname.
Notepad++, PSPad, AkelPad, Notepad2, and SciTE are all free & good replacements for stock Notepad.
Grades are a thing becaue the people who pay for school curriculuum need a way of quantifying what they actually purchased.