skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
In general, gene variants start out with > 99% the original variant and < 1% the new variant. So at some point, most people were probably OO, and a baby was born with mutant AO genotype. Then A spreads from the mutant.

For modeling purposes, I'll start with 50000 people, set the generation span at 20 years, and on average, each female will have 2.004 surviving children. Well, then the mutant population grows at the same rate as the general population, so remains at a tiny fraction.

So I update the model to provide a tiny advantage to the mutant by giving the mutant phenotype more surviving children per generation.

If I set up the model to start with 49998 OO, 1 AO, and 1 BO, set type O reproductive success at 2.004, type A at 2.013, type B at 2.012, and type AB at 2.013, and let it go for 2500 generations (50k years), the ending population is about 20M total, 41% O, 42% A, 11% B, and 4% AB.

That amounts to a relative advantage of only 0.45%. Obviously, the A and B mutations are very unlikely to have occurred at the same time, but it looks like both may have occurred after humans had already migrated from Asia to North and South America, as natives of South America are almost entirely type-O, and the presence of type A in North America may be explainable by Clovis migrants from Europe. So a 50ky timespan is actually a bit too long.

It seems as though there must be a selective advantage to A and B antigens, or that they be linked with an advantage, otherwise, they would not be observable as a significant population now.

[Edit:] Note that this only applies to pre-medicine. Blood type compatibility for the purposes of transfusions is definitely a survival advantage now. If current technology and politics were fixed for the next 50ky, it is likely that the "O" gene variant would become rare, and AA, BB, and AB genotypes would dominate.
Some CDNs already do but this would at least make that more open and less of a back-room deal, too, so someone like Fastly doesn't suffer because the Akamai negotiator was in the same frat as the Comcast person they're negotiating with.

I think the regulated monopoly model makes the most sense for the last mile connection: make it like what we had with DSL where anyone can rent the wire and competition happens at the service level. I wouldn't mind Verizon offering a ton of bundled services over FIOS if I could simply buy only internet from someone else.
"Asking about non-politicians on the face of it seems pointless"

Except that the tone of your post implies:

Republicans="evil rich people"
Democrats="good folks looking out for the average Joe"

I don't believe it is anywhere near that simple. It was not at all clear to me that your original post was referring to FCC regulators alone. It would have been better if that would have been explicitly stated at the outset.
It is sad how often people aren't willing to 'agree to disagree'.
Take an improv course. It will force you to communicate out of your comfort zone which in turn will help you better communicate in your comfort zone.

Are you out of your mind??

But good suggestion (but also, are you actually out of your mind? I'm already fidgeting just imagining myself trying to do this)
From that article, it seems that correct term is "disjunctive sequence".
Well, some minutes with npm. With yarn, it might take a few seconds.
Probiotics + regular consumption of milk, yogurt.. anything with active cultures will help.

Every time I take antibiotics I run 60% chance of a fungal infection somewhere, so I have my own regimen to keep that annoyance away.
The problem with discussions about "trading privacy" is the tendency to think only about known, temporally local risks. The actual risk from surveillance from the current "smart"-device manufacturer today or in the near future is probably low.

We are used to information deteriorating over time, and the non-zero cost of distribution and analysis limiting how far information about you could spread. Our heuristics that estimate risk are not prepared to evaluate risks that extend indefinitely into the future.

You say your are comfortable trading (some) privacy. Are you prepared for that data being sold/hacked/subpoenaed after 20 years? Are you sure you're comfortable with future machine learning tricks and other advanced analysis techniques reconstructing a detailed patter-of-life from several decades of data?

The worst ways to abuse all this surveillance data probably hasn't been discovered yet. Nobody should be comfortable trading away their privacy, because we don't even know the risks. We only know that risk only increases with time.

A "privacy mark" doesn't help (much). Instead, what we need is an education campaign similar to anti-smoking efforts that attempt to realign the common wildly inaccurate perceived risks to be a closer match to the actual risks.
Since we're heading towards a AI-driven applications, perhaps front-end has plateaued. However, would full-stack still be so relevant if front end is no-longer a concern?
One of the "Expo Sketch" devs is in this thread referring to their app as just plain "Sketch".
They aren't mutually exclusive. Splatoon received critical acclaim, for example.

This is also true for every other media -- we relentlessly rebuild, recycle, and remix old work to create new content. It's a part of being human.
Laws are often written with good intentions but enforced rigidly and with little common sense. A balance is needed between individualism and utilitarianism. At what point do my civil rights, when enforced by the state, infringe on yours? Who gets to determine which rights are worth protecting? Who draws the cost/benefit line in the sand? Not all men are created equal, but in a liberal democracy we mold society into one that provides equality in spite of our innate disparities. In my opinion, this equalization should be done by raising up those less fortunate, not by punishing those with advantages.

I think the real issue here is the fact that Berkeley was giving away the videos for free. If they were charging for those videos, they could incorporate the cost of ACA compliance into the price of the video. As it stands though, the state has the right to force work without providing any compensation. ACA compliance then becomes a form of servitude. (being a public university, UC Berkeley does get some state revenue, but it is only 14-25% of the total [1][2] and much of it comes in the form of contracts & grants which can only be used for the specific project they are awarded for). To me that is the real issue here, a simple matter of being compensated for one's work. I think they shouldn't be held to the same standards as someone selling a product, but that doesn't seem to be the lay of the land. I guess this is why we can't have nice things (for free).

[1]
http://ucop.edu/operating-budget/_files/rbudget/2016-17budge... (page 47)
[2]
http://cfo.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/2013-14%20UC%20B... (Page 1)
Medical students in Iceland make history
I stopped playing video games by the time I started college. I can't recall once specific game or event or thought that spurred the change. Recently, as I near 30 yrs old, I wanted to step back into my childhood and picked up a Switch with Zelda. The game starts with a nice intro, light game mechanics, and then sets you loose. It has been a week and I have been playing 2-3 hours per day, every day. I can't remember the last time, I played a game that teleported me to a new world, feel like a kid, success. Any other games you all recommend from the last decade?
The stack is not stable and surprises keep popping up in development, after bootstrapping a new app.
What use did you find for a house? I bought one, upgraded everything and the only use was the bed.
> I recently quit my job to start a company.

React + Redux, Go, Scala, Cassandra, micro-services, etc.. are all products made to solve Google and FB sized companies.

If you are an one man band, starting your own little startup or project, stick to Python or Rails or PHP or Node, jQuery and Mongo.

Your focus should be on getting something out there as soon as possible, not writing perfect software.
Beek (YC W16) is the emoji-based book review site aiming to change e-commerce
How preposterous that a question like this requires a study to answer it. It doesn't take a PhD in high math to know that corporations hire foreign workers because they cost less. IOW, Duh!
Sigh. You have limited time so get on with building your product... You're procrastinating by writing an article about your insecurities with regards to using old tech in search for validation. Just do it, who gives a fuck?

Good luck.
Software Dev as Economic Cooperative Game
Some people are extroverts, some people are introverts.

This is an impedance mismatch and requires effort from /both/ sides to reach understanding.
>get [people] to come around gently

That's GPL enforcement.

This is mostly how FSF, SFLC et al do it and they win battles.
Recently they're actually waging a legal one against VMWare but I don't see the company deterred from contributing as much as they did before. Would be nice if they contributed more.

I don't think we should care about proprietary makers' feelings here. What hurts free software more is FUD and villification of copyleft.
Canadian church group denied entry to US over fears they would 'steal' jobs
And the Oracle compatibility piece breaks so much that it would never get merged into community Postgres.
Is it even possible to define a context-free grammar for markdown?
I'm new to GraphQL and I have been trying to get my friends as excited about it as I'm, the problem has always been the amount of code that they have to up-front before seeing any results, this might change that.

Definitively bookmarked!
It's available on the Wii-U as well.
I would love to see an implementation of `ls`, `grep`, and `pwd`, with said pipes, in such a typed system of tools. `grep` is likely the most complex b/c it must do string comparison and I'm unsure how you would do this with types. I'm looking forward to seeing how such a system could be built.
Sports Betting Is Starting to Look More Like Wall Street
Honestly I find it pretty lame, but I'm just not a huge fan of Nintendo's franchises. If you love them (and there are a lot that do), then it's heaven. It's what Nintendo does.

That being said while they recycle the same old franchises year after year, they've constantly got new good franchises (Pikmin, someone else mentioned Splatoon) and interesting mechanics like Mario Galaxy.

Can't hate them too much for finding a niche and sticking to it.
Algebras for Monads
Wow, I though I'd seen the last of source filters in 2000 & perl.
Would it not have been better for Berkley to reach out to the community to ask them to help improve captioning if money was an issue ? Is this not a legal way to solve this problem instead of taking it down for lack of funds ?
> Anything liquid can be frozen. Anything metal can be magnetised. Anything flammable can be set alight.

Graphical NetHack? (Disclaimer: I played NetHack only once, a long time ago, and know it mostly by reputation.)
> However, Uber has huge fixed costs via free rides, ads, salaries, etc. These will create the loss.

Would those be essential at this point? Seems like everyone who wants a ride-sharing app has one, so their marketing expense should be substantially down by now.

Startups typically keep the salary expenses controllable by compensating via equity (which does not have to be reported as expense unless one is doing GAAP), so it seems that it should be under control as well.
The downside of removing competitive pressure on the physical last mile is it removes the incentive to invest in building it.

Fiber to the Home is an extremely marginal economic proposition today. It's not deployed today. Without strong economic drivers for it, it won't get built.

I'd accept that once FTTH exists (bringing fiber back to a neighborhood point), that might be good enough to not require more competition at that level (as long as maintenance can be done.) I'd in principle be fine with any solution to get that built -- a regulated monopoly, direct government buildout, whatever.
The problem comes to a head when you get the tech equivalent of "Does this make me look fat?". The vast majority of the time, people asking things like that don't want to hear the truth. They want a partner for their mental trip to fantasy land.
Maybe a better example is paying more for electricity from 'green' sources like solar/wind. This is an option offered by PG&E right now.

Comparing to websites, you can have all the "common" websites that have local caches, peered with your ISP directly, for low rate X. If you want access to a niche video streaming startup that has to go through other peers we haven't optimized for, you pay more.

It's still not a perfect analogy, but it forms a similar comparison "Where do I get (content|electricty) from?"
Unlikely bikes: The Unibicle [video]
Extensive discussion of Glitch: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13860271
It's so strange to see that not much have been changed in the computer programming course in college since 1965
My reasoning: to the extent I have free will, I can consciously choose to delegate it to an unrelated source of entropy, such as a coin toss. That happens all the time, in fact, without any conscious input from me at all. We're immersed in randomness. ("Wow, if I'd left 3 seconds earlier or driven 1 MPH faster or slower, I wouldn't have been T-boned at that intersection." How can free will coexist with a statement like that?)

This sort of thing happens frequently enough to dispel both (soft) determinism and free will as viable concepts, IMHO. We all live in a Gaussian game, where everything that occurs is the sum of an unknowable and indeed unimaginable number of factors. The sum of a vast number of of random numbers may still be deterministic, in the sense that it could be rederived from a perfect copy of the system's original state, but I'd argue that this insight cannot possibly be useful since there's no way to store or represent such a copy in any environment where the original "me" is able to manipulate it.
That's a beautiful idea—like you must view Chekhov from the perspective of a drunk person (a near substitution for 'you are a drunk person') even when you're sober and standing up rather than lying down, because of his strange proportioning, therefore he is the 'cause of seeing his peers as like drunkards.
I'm not sure if "special language" is a particularly apt description of what Julia is. SQL is a "special" language.

At any rate - a lisp-like language with llvm backend, package manager, and a (small, but not trivial) group of users writing real software - what's not to like?

I (still) recommend the talk: "Julia - to lisp or not to lisp?", that gives a quick overview of some of the design choices:

https://youtu.be/dK3zRXhrFZY

For me, I like that it has a real story trying to balance "actual integer math" (not this silly machine constrained twos-compliment hack" and "you could conceivably write a ray tracer that wasn't unusably slow" :)
It is much sadder to see how often are people willing to abandon the ancient ideal of truth-seeking and prefer conflict avoidance.
Ask HN: How do you follow up on your startup ideas?
True, but I don't own a Wii-U, and the Wii-U is 5-year old technology, whose production has officially ended as of January (http://kotaku.com/wii-u-production-has-officially-ended-for-...).

Scalpers are lowlifes, IMO.
As long as the gameplay changes, there is little to be gained in creating a new franchise. The story of most Nintendo games is banal to begin with, they merely exist as a vessel for gameplay.

Nintendo games are pretty much unlike games like Assasins Creed, COD or Fifa, where new games offer minor tech and feature bumps.
Thanks for the suggestions! The project is very small, not for profit so indiehackers.com would probably not be interested. It's all volunteer-based so if you're interested in contributing work somehow then drop me a line.

The OPDS feed is mainly for reading systems and libraries, not for human consumption. However it does actually include direct links to epub files, but you typically have to view the feed source--i.e. the raw XML--to see them. Humans should subscribe to our mailing list,[0] where we do actual release announcements as they occur.

[0] https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/standardebooks
Show HN: Implementing one-shot tasks/containers with Docker Swarm
If you can be Batman, always be Batman!

That means: Always be the best you can be. Be yourself is just a lazy excuse.
Visualizing Our Digitally-Mediated Reality
Let's not forget the complete lack of package management, where it guesses at which of the many overlapping functions you intended to call.
> He said legal precedent has shown companies who fail to use their marks as adjectives (aspirin, for example) risk losing the rights to their marks altogether.

I am not a lawyer, but I find this odd as a generic statement and particularly with this example. It seems to conflate issues relating to genericization analysis with issues related to meeting the filing requirements and whiles it is true that use of the trademark as certain parts of speech can be relevant to genericization analysis, typically the concern is about use as a verb, or in a pluralized or possessive form if that isn't thow the trademark itself is normally. Either noun or adjective use is fairly normal—indeed, trademarks often name a product and would appear mainly as a noun.

Use as a generic noun rather than a specific one for the product is the problem.

That being said, I would think adjective use inan appropriate context is an easy way to clearly meet the required demonstration of use in the specific market, though lots of the specimens submitted in trademark registrations don't​ show adjective use or even use in a sentence.
“Without lies, marriages would crumble, workers would be fired, egos would be shattered, governments would collapse.”

What's wrong with that?
Presumably, in this context meaning that there was much more literature available for reading?
> Would you also disagree with a company/labor union distinction?

Labor unions are corporations, and corporations will fight for the corporation's interests. Those interests may align with the interests of their shareholders, but they may not always.
BTW there is a nice related course on coursera: "Statistical Mechanics: Algorithms and Computations"[1]. Also notice there is a rosettacode entry for this[2].

1. https://www.coursera.org/learn/statistical-mechanics

2. http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_methods
Not sure if this should be considered as blog spam. Press releases are meant to shared as it is. But original is always better
Do we not have actual research as to the most efficient ways of learning foreign languages given particular circumstances (online-only, in-person teacher, vacation access, full-time immersion)?

This seems like such an obvious thing for psychology to experiment on.
That's how you use FB. I avoid arguments there (though inevitably I get into one once in a while) but it's a hugely important social outlet for me. I've got a lot of wholly virtual relationships that go back years, and trying to organize them into other channels would be a major headache. I know quite a few of my other friends on other platforms/forums, but the very generality of FB (vs the extreme siloing of most websites) is an asset despite its many flaws.
That terminal is called Hyper and is written in Node.
In their GDC talk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QyMsF31NdNc) one of the core concepts they present is "multiplicative gameplay", which sounds a lot like what NetHack and Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup aim for as well.

It's a surprising amount of fun to have multiple ways to solve puzzles and try to come up with one that was or was not intended to solve it.
It's the animal side vs you, the consciousness.

The animal side is happy with eating, shitting, sleeping, fucking, pointing and laughing at funny stuff, punching other people and things.

You, on the other hand, are trapped inside this animal and want quite different things.

It's a constant struggle.
If Oprah's being genuine about her love for vacuous advice and sham cures, perhaps she shouldn't be herself, either.
What does a 9/11 article from 2016 have to do with technology? Is it the linked article "How Did Hijackers Get Past Airport Security"?
Yes. Giving the NSA direct access to their databases doesn't seem like caring about user privacy to me. I don't perceive the 'consent' issue the same way; sending an email or uploading a picture to the internet shouldn't require 100 different data points on my device and location. YMMV, but I find working for companies who's business model is to exploit other people's personal information for profit is an enormously distasteful thing to do.

The whole discussion is a farce at this point. Tech workers who literally created the incentive to make clickbait content, filter bubbles, and data silos are now upset with "fake news", social polarization, and a "closed" net, while flatly refusing to acknowledge their role in getting us here over the last 20 years. Ajit Pai is the last person to blame when wondering who broke the net.
Genuine question, why do you assume it is a restriction? I am a professional developer and not a researcher or scientist which is the original target for Julia. Yet I find Julia to be my favorite language, and I've tried a lot of them. I can't think of any language which I find as expressive as Julia apart from Haskell, but that is exceedingly cumbersome to deal with given the strict type system. Haskell is beautiful but it is overly academic and requires a lot of investment in time and brainpower to work in your favor. Julia on the other hand is quite quick to learn and gets you productive quickly.

I'll mention multiple areas I think Julia excels. If you want to write quickly high performance numerical software then I don't see what the alternatives are.

It is the best language I've encountered for writing shell scripts. Bash is terrible due to the difficulty of factoring the code into functions and the frequency in which you forget to quote variables properly. Many end up thus using Python or Ruby. Ruby seems very popular, but Julia really works better. It has tighter integration with the shell and handles chaining, reading and writing to shell commands much nicer.

It also has all sorts of useful stuff ready to use out of the box and sane function names etc. I find it much more cumbersome to write shell scripts with python. Awkward to call processes. Got to always remember what every little module you got to import. Because of multiple dispatch, Julia allows much better naming of functions.

And as a computer language geek I love powerful LISP macros, but I can't get used to LISP syntax. Julia is the only language I know of which gives access to powerful macros and code generation similar to LISP.
There is not a single poll that gives the venezuelan government "large popular support".

The last remaining support the government has is from corrupt military or those people so poor that they are dependent on small government handouts.

After 18 years of the highest oil prices there is no reason for Venezuela to have people regularly eating from the trash or looting food trucks in the highways, even while the trucks are moving.[1][2]
[1]https://twitter.com/victoria1039fm/status/841661359569932288
[2]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4cdtXrCId4

It's not just toilet paper that is scarce. It's everything. From food to medicine.
You might be interested in JSON5 (http://json5.org/) which goes the opposite direction of Son and makes JSON more human-writeable. It's the best, cleanest "JSON+" I've found so far.