So, the bit shift question: that come up down one branch of a system design question that we used for a while (we've since moved to a more targeted version that is more repeatable). The (sub)issue involved adding a binary flag to a large data blob (this came up as part of a solution to a real-world caching problem). Adding a single bit flag to the front of a 1GB blob has a problem. To really add just one bit, you'd have to bitshift the entire 1GB. This is clearly not worth it to save 7 bits of storage (ignoring that that would not be saved in any case). You can just use a byte (or word), or add the flag at the end. When candidates suggested adding a bit flag at the front, we would follow up asking them how they'd do it (to unearth if they were using 'bit' as a shorthand for a reasonable solution, or if they really are a little weak in binary data manipulation). This was one small part of our interview. By itself it in no way determined the outcome of the interview, or even of the low-level systems section. Plenty of great engineers might get it wrong. But I don't think it was unfair.

Of course it's unfair. The candidate isn't actually programming a solution when they're talking to you. They're on a tight time crunch, under a microscope, in front of an interviewer. The answers to your questions will literally make or break their future with you. Did you specify to them in your original question that the entries in the cache are 1GB large? If you assigned them the task of implementing a solution to your caching question, they would immediately notice using a 1-bit flag is a poor design decision.

The point is:

Plenty of great engineers might get it wrong.

That says quite a lot more about Triplebyte's question than the engineers. A wrong answer doesn't mean they're weak in bit manipulation or that they decide to implement poor solutions. It says they're suffering from interview jitters. They're weak in the artificial environment you've constructed for the purposes of the interview, which may or may not correlate with their actual ability.

This may sound like useless theorizing, but unfortunately a massive number of excellent engineers are awful in an interview setting. But if you give them a problem to actually solve, they pass with flying colors.

Triplebyte does give problems to candidates to solve, but it sounds like you also care about whether they can pass your interview (by demonstrating sufficient max skill when prompted) instead of whether they can implement solutions to the problems you assign to them. This rules out candidates who would otherwise do very well, which is the type of candidate you're trying to find.

I know that you're saying the verbal section of the interview isn't the whole process, but are you sure it's an effective one?

It might be positively misleading. A candidate who is very strong in the area you're looking for is also likely to be someone who will get your questions completely wrong, because they're not programming. They're talking. So it sounds like you're selecting for people who can talk well: those who can show strength during your interview when prompted verbally. Is that the right metric to find talented candidates?

If you were to put together a pipeline where e.g. you give candidates an XCode codebase and say "There are bugs in this codebase, and <specific missing features>. Implement as many fixes or improvements as you wish or have time for, then send us the code," you would have a mechanism which selects for candidates who are ~100% competent, since that's exactly the type of work they'll be doing on a day-to-day basis.

Some candidates wouldn't want to do that, so perhaps there should be an alternative for them. But it'd be vastly more effective than quiz-style questions during a timeboxed interview.

It's possible to come up with endless reasons why it might be a bad idea to set up a pipeline like that. But all the companies that have set it up have been shocked how well it works when they rely solely on that test. Instead of an opportunity to show strength during an interview, the candidate is able to directly answer the question "Can they do the work?"

EDIT: From one of the other comments (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13834231):

> I applied through their project track. It was described as a low-pressure way to write your code ahead of time and talk about it in the interview. The interview was, instead, about making changes to my project while Ammon watched. (Also, there was a request to derive a formal proof while Ammon watched. I didn't get it.) After which I got a rejection saying that my project was great but my interview performance was so poor that they wouldn't move forward.

It sounds like Triplebyte almost has the pipeline described above, but it won't work if you watch the candidate or ask them to do more work. The project alone has to be set up to be a sufficient demonstration of skill.