skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> dark matter doesn't explain the heat issue

You're right. Collisional matter that dissipates radiatively completely explains the heat issue: many of the individual components of the dust and gas in the galaxy clusters came close enough to each other to interact electromagnetically, trading off their momentum-energy for momentum-energy in photons and other products of scatterings. Ordinary intergalactic gas and dust from the two clusters got squashed together and the squashing made it hot enough to glow.

In the standard cosmology (\Lambda-CDM), CDM is cold dark matter that is collisionless, does not dissipate radiatively and does not feel electromagnetism even in very close quarters. So it does not heat up, and its momentum is only influenced the gravitation sourced by the components of the colliding galaxy clusters (which includes the dark matter itself), with the result that the "clouds" of dark matter in each cluster sail right through one another and past all the ordinary matter, with effectively no deflections of their trajectories.

The result is that gravity (measured by lensing of background objects) points to a hot cloud of dust left in the middle of the collision, the stars and other denser visible ahead of that debris, and two mostly-transparent regions leading the way ahead of the visible matter.

> the bullet is anomalous in multiple ways

It's a bit more accurate to say that there are questions still unanswerable by observation of the bullet cluster alone, and that searches for other cluster collisions are likely to provide further partial answers.

In particular, further observations will favour or disfavour different numerical simulations of large scale structure formation under the standard cosmology. However the variables most directly tested align roughly with whether cold dark matter is almost wholly particles similar to heavy sterile neutrinos or almost wholly particles like axions, rather than whether particle cold dark matter is there at all. Even TeVeS proponents aren't especially optimistic on that latter point (e.g. Angus and Diaferio, two prolific TeVeS-as-relativistic-MOND researchers, in their 2012 paper https://arxiv.org/pdf/1206.6231.pdf starting at the bottom of page 23).
Although I think Nadella has made some good changes to company culture, there's a lot more variables that influence a company's performance than the CEO, just as there's a lot more variables that influence a country's Economic performance than a ruling party.

The piece does that all-too-common simplification of providing a single cause to explain the fluctuation is MSFT's fortunes, a form of cognitive bias I believe. We like simple stories for complex phenomena.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy_of_the_single_cause
Passion is not really interesting. I'd rather hire someone who is skilled, easy to work with, and will get stuff done. I don't really need him to get hyped up on caffeine and write medium articles about how passionate he is; I'm paying him to do a job.

I also am not sure what to make of the Op's mention of starting to program at 10. I read my dad's copy of K&R and installed some Linux distribution at that age too, but I didn't make any real progress until I realized that it's just a job and started acting more like a professional.
So President Trump was right about this.
Virtually no big russian software companies incorporate in Russia, because the criminal raiders will take over the company - see Yandex, Parallels, Kaspersky Lab, all are registered in Europe with those companies controlling all the IP.
It isn't just the US too. It's the same all over Western Europe.

What sticks in my craw even more is that, to legitimise the process of issuing more visas, companies and governments have to continually say "there aren't enough STEM and IT grads! Do STEM and IT everyone!" knowing full well that there wont be jobs for these kids at the end of it.
One double espresso in the morning + 2 espresso shots throughout the day.
Business analysis and business intelligence
I first learned about the existence of this cables reading Arthur C. Clarke's How the World Was One (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_the_World_Was_One) which I highly recommend.
There are plenty of devs who don't know about patches and have never used `git format-patch` or `git apply`.

But then again, learning how to do it probably takes 5 minutes...
I don't think mistakes or a lack of them in FizzBuzz are that relevant at all. You are not supposed find a clever solution as a candidate, or as the interviewer to spend more than a minute reviewing or discussing it.

The FizzBuzz test exists to quickly filter out candidates who really cannot code at all, despite what they say in their CV, what jobs they have done in the past, or what courses they have passed.

If you can show that yes, you understand what for loops and if statements are, and can write 10 lines of code roughly correctly, the test is passed and the interview can continue with more interesting questions.

If no, then it saves everyone time to just cancel the interview.
Why Isn’t Anyone Coming to My Website?
you could look a businesses out side of developing a platform. something without intellectual property.
I didn't just mean the mere ability to yield, which isn't that complicated; I meant code supporting the common use cases around having a long-running NIF, such as the person I replied to's comment about having some sort of build in support for being able to answer back to a PID or something. I could easily imagine a NIF library that provided an easy ability to set up an independent thread pool and work sharing mechanism specific to that NIF, which sends answers back to given PIDs, has timeout support or the ability to query it for progress, etc. All fairly straightforward stuff to expect to develop over time, but in a world where long running NIFs are too dangerous to hardly even contemplate, they haven't developed yet.

There's some some parameters in there that are going to be tricky to set up correctly (number of workers in the pool for a given NIF has a lot of implications at scale), but in the end it's not significantly different than communicating to a separate process on the some machine; it's all the same resources being used.
Patents will ensure it sells for $100 per square-meter though, or whatever ludicrous price can be burn by the market and still make it valuable to the consumer.
> You should always be learning even in your spare time. Maybe not always about programming but about something.

Actually, one of the most important things I learned 'the hard way', is that you should actually 'learn not to learn' (i.e. really rest), and let go of any anxieties that may urge you to 'always be learning'.
This insight improved my joy in life and tech, and also my focus and productivity, by much more then an approach of anxiously trying to be learning all the time.

Maybe for others things work differently, but generalizing into 'everyone should always be learning' seems too strong a claim to me.
Well it takes The Economist to point of this fact which I've been telling about it for ages. None of them believed that it was Indian who are favored to get H1B compared to other nationality. Indian take so much pride with Indian worker in these large tech firms and other places instead of realizing the fact they are favored. Why not give other nationality a chance to see what is going on? I've seen it happen with firm like Microsoft with HR manager being Indian and favoring Indian internee and granting him job then Pakistani developer who was without a doubt better performer.

Would love to see some H1B crackdown happening.
Anecdata: I'm in US. Three boys, all graduated Engineers. All have jobs, easy as pie. One had $30/hr part-time remote work during last year of college. Have to move to get the right job maybe, or take what you can find, but for various reasons they're all very happy.

My Niece is in a field that's chronically low on qualified Engineers - she designs and installs automation in factories. So many facets including mechanical, electrical, industrial, chemical, process, thermo, etc. You have to be an all-rounder to get the job. So they work her flat out every minute she can spare (lives in hotels in remote cities for weeks during installs).

Other niece does lithium-battery development for startups in Silicon Valley. They keep going under, but no problem another one starts up the next week. Got all the work she can handle.

Wife's niece does biomedical research, never been a day without work. Canada, East Coast US (Yale actually), then a regular job with Govt.

Anyway, of the 13 siblings and their cousins, exactly 1 has ever had a day of trouble with employment. So all the talk about 'over-supply' might be exaggerated.
It probably depends a lot on the nature of the work and working styles but having a F2F sync every month or two seems pretty reasonable for a not too geographically distributed team.
See the "Deep Intelligence" section in this MS Ignite blog post. Lots of companies out there doing this, just a google search away:

https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/machinelearning/2016/10/...
FSJF #82 – Best from JavaScript world delivered weekly
You didn't actually answer the why not JWT question there.

We're pretty heavily invested with using JWT wrapped inside OpenID Connect, and given you garner a lot of respect on such topics, I'd really be appreciate if you cited a source or gave us a reason. Anything would be better rather than just appealing to a vague consensus.
Some people understandably want to do things on-premise, to avoid shipping unnecessary details to companies like Amazon. But for the most part a reverse proxy using varnish or nginx will do the job here. Heck, I think even CloudFlare uses modified nginx.
Done right, you never have to tell them you're looking to leave. That's almost petulant or comes across as an ultimatum.

Instead, talk about the issues you're facing or the opportunities you're looking for early and often—and get commitment on timelines for improvement. If you still get to the point where you leave, you can point to those conversations.

Leaving is a logical output of your needs not being met.
Creating Wall-Sized Interaction at the Smithsonian’s Air and Space Museum
It's a company. How long can it live? Will it live 50 years later? 20? 10? This is an important question because projects like Python will live that long.
What they're shipping is a much easier metric to track automatically though.
I'm confused.

One of the idea behind CDN for javascript/css is to leverage caching by reusing the same resources across websites.
But then optimization tools said we should bundle everything into one javascript, which delay the loading time, but defeat the initial purpose.

I wonder if the caching could be more intelligent, by recognizing libraires bundled into the "big" javascript that website delivers, and parse only the new content.
I agree there is no single cause but you are also under estimating the power of a CEO who is responsible for resource allocation and investments. Where he chooses to invest is what becomes of a company. Culture also flows from top down and CEO plays a big role.
No, you need to insulate the container from the ground. Then you have conductive and radiative heat gain and loss with the air. Works better on top of a hill, in the middle of a field, under a clear sky. The container has to have minimal thermal mass, and be a food conductor but that's it.

PS: An easy demo is a car roof with the windows open at night in a field.
> But those side projects shouldn't be fueled by some existential dread related to one's job or position.

If you're looking at it like that then you're not going to have any interest in programming after work. If you look at it like "I am a tradesman and I can either pay someone to do this for me or I can just take a few minute and hack together solutions for myself then I can save time and money".

I write a lot of software for my own tasks to automate things I need to do like recently I made a remote Steam Streaming machine so I can finally fully migrate to linux and to do so I needed to write a control service on my machine and write a daemond that listens for a packet to run a `shutdown /h` on the windows machine. It was a bit of programming but it wasn't "existential dread" and it definetly wasn't in some attempt to bettering myself as an employee. It was because I wanted a product that doesn't exist so I made it and I think more software developers should be interested in that. Not for work reasons but because making things is cool and we live in a time where people are happy to give you perfectly good hardware that they think is "garbage" because it's 1 version out of date. This is the perfect time for the engineer to live, and not just the Civil or Software but any engineer.
It depends on what is meant by "wealthy" really. Plenty of non-manager technical staff in the bay area can become financially well enough off to be considered wealthy, given enough time and judicious allocation of their savings. There are very few programmers outside high-paying tech hot-spots like SF who will ever be wealthy without moving into management.

There are other factors to consider though. Generally speaking in most instances, even the interesting companies, management is going to be a faster, more reliable path to wealth. My observations lead me to conclude that:

1. Most technical staff is generally considered fungible by management, even at interesting companies, so layoffs can and do tend to impact non-management harder and more frequently, and this impacts long-term earnings.

2. Even at interesting companies management is generally compensated better in terms of salary, bonuses and (as management level rises) bonuses and stock grants. This generally isn't just a few percentage points difference in the pay, either: in most places outside those high-paying hotspots managers tend to be paid wages that are much closer to SV wages than programmers will ever see, so the difference is even greater there.
Sure but you lose your line in Perm queue, not to mention the H1B recertification process which is fraught with peril.
No one wants to be blasted with Barney's nosehairs as soon as they open a page, come on.
But bear in mind that anyone can have a cloud-computing initiative. Hewlett Packard Enterprises has one. Executing well and building momentum in the face of AWS is the hard part. If Microsoft is making headway, that's interesting.
The first was part one of a graphics sequence. That class goes on for at least one more, although I stopped after the first one because it wasn't really my cup of tea. The second was one of the project courses required to finish the degree - it was also part of a two part series.
This bot watches Donald Trump's tweets and waits for him to mention any publicly traded companies. When he does, it uses sentiment analysis to determine whether his opinions are positive or negative toward those companies. The bot then automatically executes trades on the relevant stocks according to the expected market reaction.

OK, so what's the expected market reaction? If Trump hates your company, does that make your stock go up, or down?
The passion gospel
Passionate engineers can be a total drag to work with and lead. Imagine having to fight through squalls of passion in a business setting. "Passionate" has become in my mind another bullshit word that people use without understanding its meaning or implications.
I'm not entirely sure about the mechanism, but it appears to work via phonon-polariton resonance:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton

So, couple this, in terms of the dispersion of energy:
"Our hybrid metamaterial is extremely emissive across the entire atmospheric transmission window (8-13 μm) due to phonon-enhanced Fröhlich resonances of the microspheres."

And this in terms of the absorbtion:
"In the case of large microspheres, modal interference between higher order modes makes the hybrid metamaterial strongly infrared-absorbing."

And finally this in terms of reflectance:
"The hybrid metamaterial strongly reflects solar irradiation when backed with a 200-nm-thick silver thin film prepared by electron beam evaporation... The measured spectral absorptivity (emissivity) of the sample (Fig. 3D) indicates that the 50-μm-thick film reflects ~ 96% solar irradiation..."
Exactly! I'm french and it will be the second time this year that I apply for an H1B. Without Tata and Infosys I'd have it for a while now.
A software developer is doing a good job when his bottom-up programming skills are good. The most common mistake a beginner do is that he works top-down. The way you know someone works top-down is that he does not or don't want to rewrite existing code whereas he should be doing that a big amount of his time.
backup system probably supports do not follow links, just need to add safari cache to the list. seems pretty innocuous. And if you are doing illegal stuff in your non-private browsing session, on a device that automatically backs up all of your data to the cloud... pretty sure you've left plenty of paper trail elsewhere.
I'm in the same position currently. I'm not available on weekends or extra hours during normal working days, some people are working extra hard and bringing up how much re-factoring needs to be done on their code. Except the extra hours are from fixing their broken mess, and the re-factoring is largely from self-inflicted injuries. Not that there aren't things that I wouldn't re-factor from my own code, but it's considerably less and I do it incrementally when I re-visit those sections instead of pounding my chest about how much work it all was. But the latter is praised.
"shit code" is in the vast minority of code written, most of it ranges from merely crappy to so beautiful you'd auction off your own mother just to bask in its presence a little longer

The reason architecture starts mattering is because you can do things like put that "shit code" behind an interface/microservice/whathaveyou and then the rest of the system just doesn't care.

This is why code itself isn't particularly valuable in the way you seem to be implying. It isn't without value, but while software is valuable, it's rare for specific code to be where that value is at.
Show HN: Writing unit tests in Golang
> None of those salaries listed are competitive with what a non-H1B (read citizen or permanent resident) would earn.

As a new grad interviewing for software engineering positions at FB, Google, Etc., I make exactly the same amount as my U.S. peers who have also received offers.

Moreover, how do you know that the SE level of the H1B hires is exactly that of the pool from which Indeed.com calculates their averages? What if the H1B program was taking in a huge amount of new grads right now and not as many senior positions? Then the H1B average would be different than the Indeed one.

Moreover (again), as I make the same amount of money as a U.S new grad, my company would pay for Visa sponsorship, and even pays more to fly me in to interview. Not only that, they put me through more interviews, costing more engineers time.
> The hardware and software was superior in every way to every alternative,

No, the hardware was Qualcomm reference platform, which you could find in some Androids too. On Android it just wasn't subsidized the same way as it was on WP side.
I think the causality is more in the other direction.
Well the alternative is that you narrow your knowladge to a small problem domain which sounds horrible for

1) your own mind,
2) your ability to talk to people who work outside of your problem domain, and
3) your ability to think outside of the "box" that is held by your field.
That recommendation is due to JWT not taking revocation into account at all, if I remember tptacek's stance correctly. Personally, I agree.

This has been discussed on HN before and I remember talk about using "fancy" stuff like Bloom filters but as far as I know, no library offers anything for this out of the box and this is not something you want to roll yourself.
Imaging advances: looking inside living cells
Can confirm, still works fine as it always did.
Who cares? If she's right, then she's right regardless of being a hypocrite. If she's wrong, then she's wrong regardless. Do you have an argument that involves the ideas, or just the person?
Anybody have experience with Echo? [0]

[0] https://echo.labstack.com/
You could just make config downloads automatic on all your servers, see my comment below.

Doing this - not using customizations - means you're forfeiting 70%-90% of functionality and power of those tools. I don't think it's smart, but well, it is your choice.
The Eastgate School of “Serious” Hypertext
In Phoenix AZ, July/Aug/Sept pool parties are often BYOBOI (bring your own block of ice). Everybody brings a 10 lb. block of ice to throw in the pool and within an hour it's cool enough to enjoy, even in the 115F heat.
> A consequence of this was the bulldozing of historically black-owned property to make way for the new roads.

Indeed. A couple years ago, the city of St Paul actually formally apologized for exactly this, destroying the primarily black Rondo neighborhood with freeway I-94.

http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/local/2015/07/17/rondo-ap...
Agreed on the quality of employment. It's quite eye opening when you realize that a company will pay you $100k salary, basically to "own" you.

Show up for work at the designated time, sit in your assigned seat. Sometimes you will get interesting work. Most times you will get menial tasks. Sometimes you won't get any work at all.

After the first month, you're thinking, "Uh, I was here about the software developer position? Are we going to be building any software?"

le sigh
Where can I get feedback for my startup?
I'm looking for honest, genuine and informed feedback for my startup from either people who have built successful startups, VC's, and or those with a track record.

Where can I go to find credible feedback?
Just curious, what were the worst gaps in functionality and have you looked at it recently? I'm pretty happy with Go for full stack web apps, but it did take a little while to get up to speed and a few years ago there were fewer solutions for common problems available. A few areas where it required some more work:

Authentication - there are a few good examples out there, I think gorilla secure cookie is good, CSRF protection too.

Authorisation - had to write my own version of the ruby lib cancan, am now happy with the solution

Images - stdlib is pretty good but it'd be nice if it handled resizing images and exif orientation tags.

Javascript and CSS - there are some ports of minifiers in go so an asset pipeline is pretty easy.

ORM - I use a query builder and use the map columns->fields in code, not keen on the orms using reflection and/or struct tags to do so. This doesn't have to be complex though.

Migrations - there are a few libraries out there now, so this isn't bad, I prefer sql migrations.

Templates - love the context-sensitive escaping, would be nice if it handled layout/partial but this is doable with some tweaks.

Forms - generation of views with text/template is pretty handy to handle things like CRUD forms for models.

This is where frameworks are useful - they present best-practices for the above details and more that you have to handle in a full-scale webapp.

I think those are the areas I'd like to see more tutorials on for beginners coming to Go, but there are solutions out there nowadays (far more than even a few years ago).Most of the things you mention are not in the std library so I guess people feel a little lost when they first arrive in Go land, but there are a few libraries out there like gorilla which cover most of this stuff or you can write your own, and once you have it's a really pleasant language to write traditional server-side apps with.

So with the above caveats I'm really happy with it for full stack web development.
Hey, I'm the phoenix-spark author here. You're totally right, right now there is a lot of dumb shuffling around for certain operations. Hopefully some of that will get fixed up in the next release [1].

[1] https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PHOENIX-3600