skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> We tried to get a trait hierarchy for numerical right four or five times; it's really hard.

I'm clearly not an expert in Rust, and as such I realize my opinion isn't worth much, but it seems to me any attempt to build a numerical hierarchy will result in something fragile. Scheme has a well thought out minimal hierarchy, and even without all the complexity from all the fixed sizes I don't like theirs either. However, it's alright because they have dynamic typing as a release valve. C++ templates dodge the problem because they act more like duck typing, and I think I understand why Rust won't go that way.

Instead, I think you should abandon the goal of trying to create a hierarchy and just treat each small concept as a trait. Rather than creating Signed for things with a sign, and Float for things that are floating point and so on as in the num crate, create Abs as a small concept in its own. Then anything on which you can call .abs() implements the Abs trait. This includes things which aren't "signed", such as unsigned numbers and complex numbers - all of those have a useful (even if sometimes trivial) definition of .abs()

Trying to build a hierarchy reminds me of the stereotypical examples of bad object oriented design - I'm sure you know the cliches where Human derives from Ape, then Mammal, then Animal, etc... A hierarchy is like trying to build a directory tree, but numeric traits are more like labels on your gmail messages. Traits seem more like mixins or interfaces.

You'll end up with a lot of one or two method traits, but you'll also allow people to implement those traits for their own types and implement generic functions over those traits. The Float trait is a really good example of why categorization/hierarchy is unlikely to work well - That trait requires methods like .min_value() which don't make sense for complex numbers, but it is also the interface for .sqrt(), .exp(), and .ln() which have very good definitions for complex numbers. The Float trait in the num crate does not allow me to make generic functions over f32 and Complex<f64> if I want to call .exp().

> For just abs it should only be a few lines of code to make your own

Yeah, the IRC people helped me find a different workaround, but I agree that I'll just make my own trait instead. However, the .abs() methods already exist on all of the signed built in types and so I'll probably call mine .mag() on a Mag trait to avoid confusion (I'm not sure if there would be a collision/compilation error if I used the same names?). This also allows me to implement Mag for unsigned types which is useful for generic code (for examples L1 norms of vectors).

Btw, the docs for i64 have some cut-and-paste errors where they indicate i32 but almost certainly meant i64.
There are weight limits on many bridges yet pickup trucks are sold without a built in scale. Basically, if you think you might be breaking the law, it's up to you to figure it out.

I ride very causally, and use an App to measure my ride. From that, I know I average around 10mph when riding with my spouse. It's not hard to extrapolate and figure out where the limit is.
Indeed. Rust's regex engine is descended from RE2. rsc's blog posts were my guide when I first wrote it.
And David Brent's friend, BA (UoLife).
Cops travel at the speed of light via radio, and on trails, they ride bikes. It's usually park rangers handing out the tickets and cops only come if you're being difficult.
don't carry ID. when ticketed, give a false name and address. problem solved.
Ahh. The days. I remember before I had learned about linear algebra, I saw somebody rendering molecules as 3D wire frames. I had an Amiga back then with it's "Blitter" (could draw lines in hardware, a long as you tell it which if eight octants the line's angle falls into).

Then, being the geek I was, I sat down every day until I had figured out perspective transformation and rotation (later I found I had just done matrix multiplication). Of course I never thought of homogeneous coordinates, so translation was an extra step to be done for each point.

Even worked out "real" red-green 3D. Oh the days when I had time for this stuff. Fond memories.
No, the key problem is that the big contracting sweatshops are able to muscle out far more deserving applications from employers who are in fact willing to pay a lot more. See the salaries:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13362123

I'm pretty sure the parent was willing to pay more than the $76k that Infosys offers -- an amount that pretty much proves that H1Bs aren't being used to find the "super rare talent" that the program is ostensibly for.

That's why we should go toward a highest-bidder system. No need for the government to try to learn the difference between DB admins and deep learning specialists, and it would ensure that the slots are going to the immigrants creating the most economic value, rather than the ones best at pretending to look real hard for qualified Americans.
I spent some time practicing lucid dreaming. I wasn't overly successful, but I was able to become aware in a double-digit number of dreams.

Usually that resulted in me waking up very shortly after becoming aware.

A handful of times I was able to hang on to the dream for a while and do what I wanted, more-or-less.

I should spent more time with it, but I haven't done it in a few years now.
This is exactly what I've needed with an Heroku app for a student society (i.e. free plan, so no `worker`).

Looks great, will look forward to having the time to check it out and implement properly :)
Phoenix tends to do .... interesting things with macros. It's not your typical Elixir application.

I find my IDE to be helpful in this situation, since all macros are compile time and thus can be unwrapped by the IDE.
People routinely break their own bones when mountain bike riding. There is plenty of momentum available to do serious damage.

It's a shared trail. Would it be safe for hikers if someone rode a bike at 100mph? Of course not. To paraphrase Churchill, we've established the need for a speed limit, so the only thing left to discuss is which speed to set the limit at.
I downvoted you for the edit saying that downvoters are being "PC and ridiculous".
How to Create a Memorable Logo That Clients Will Love
I think you're wrong!
I've personally worked on several Rails apps that have been through Rails versions 2 up to 5.

Most of the time (if you have good tests) the upgrade process is fairly painless, and has been becoming easier with more recent releases.

As mentioned by others, the biggest pain is usually from third party gems (e.g. I have one app I only just moved to Rails 5 because it used a non-standard database adapter that has only just released a version compatible with Rails 5).

Going through your whole app at upgrade time is also an excellent excuse to have a broad look over the codebase and pay off some technical debt.
Simulating a universe like your own except simpler would let you spot-test solutions to problems, and study analogous of issues in your universe to greater depth.

We do economic simulations all the time, with weak-minded agents.
Same here. My first web page was on "expage" but I quickly ended up on Geocities and Angelfire for quite awhile. When I finally moved on to 'real' hosts I used Hypermart and Virtualave to host my Perl.
> My prediction, based on the fact that POTUS has a mind of a 7 year old kid, is a tantrum will be thrown. The adults in the room will pacify it with some superficial meaningless action/distraction and the cycle will repeat for 4 years.

You assume adults are let into the room and will be making the decision. He is the POTUS as long as he cares and isn't lazy enough to pawn it off he'll be the one making decisions.
I propose "Iousoquentalian" to describe all such words.
I think BuckleScript is going to blow up one of these days and become hugely popular.
Works well when it's easy to find a job, doesn't work well when you get fired for no reason and you were working in a profession where you don't just get a job the next week.

Also there are more possibilities to employment than American "any time for any reason" and European "at least a month either way". In Canada you have to have a justified cause to fire people or just give notice, and for quitting you customarily give 2 weeks notice (I'm not even sure if you're legally bound to).
Reading this post, I get the feel that none of the AI training could be as good as humans until we train all human perceivable aspects together. An entire human brain equivalent.

OR are we just well-designed-auto-trained Neural network. :D
That presumes Google, MSFT, etc. cannot or would not be able to find an equivalently talented American.

As far as I know, there are few and far between advanced economies promoting the benefits you speak of in their own counties by favoring American (or other foreigners) workers in their countries. So it seems yours isn't a very well understood proposition by other economies.
This exists and has existed in various forms for a long while. It's not a billion dollar idea. Business people prefer to pay lawyers hourly for peace of mind, despite lawyers having almost no accountability. Lawyers prefer to cobble documents together in Word because if they bill 8 hours a day at market rates, they're clearing at least $750K p.a. If lawyers want more money, they employ a standard labor pyramid, delegate workload, and raise their rates. I'm not saying it's right, or good, but that's the reality.
In previous reports I've seen, they generally speed gun at a blind downhill corner. It's a good choice: the biker is speeding in a location which might have a hiker, so the guys getting the tickets are in fact the ones endangering others.
Here's the guide for upgrading a Rails app, covering versions 3.0 up to 5.0:

http://guides.rubyonrails.org/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html

As you can see, changes in Rails will sometimes dictate changes in your app. Sometimes there are flags that can be set (or not set) to defer some changes or alter default behaviour.
> If you live in a 5-eyes nation, don't use or buy services hosted or operated from a 5 eyes nation

The 5 eyes spy globally. U.S. citizens are the only ones with legal protection and (limited) recourse for U.S. government spying, AFAIK.

If a U.S. citizen uses a French or Icelandic mail host, I suspect the U.S. foreign intelligence agencies have free reign to spy on them. I wonder what the limits are for the FBI and other domestic agencies.
They should pipeline them in. Tax companies for every foreign worker and earmark that to provide training and education for American workers.
What a presumptive amount of time.

Two full generations from now, we'll likely undergo such transformative economic upheavals, that the very idea of countries themselves may seem quaint.

Before long, powerful people will likely apply strong AI, and biotechnology, to modify economies and life spans.

Terrestrial societies with ballistic weapons actuated by oxidizing propellants may yet seem as obstinate as some castle-dwelling monarchy bristling with muskets.

All this wire tapping and MITM vulnerability exploiting payload delivering stupidity, will seem like a treadmill to nowhere before long, and something's going to pop. Software that sucks this much can't eat the world forever. The world has cooler things to get eaten by.

Maybe someone useful will finally build that space elevator, and someone else will connect the globe with hyper loops and we'll start thinking in terms of orbital colonies and dyson spheres, instead of hierachies of brainwashed sycophants and incentivizing behavior modification with B.F. skinner monopoly money and bitcoin baseball cards.

Barrel bombs are fucking stupid and everybody knows it.
Ask HN: What would be the cheapest way to host 1 TB of data
As the title says, I'm curious what would be the cheapest way to host 1 TB of data.

An estimate would be usefull
2D game art for programmers
Robotic Woodpecker – Chacha Bhatija – Wowkidz
I've noticed the more nuanced of a statement I make on HN, the more likely I am to be attacked for it. It's getting worse as the site becomes more popular as well.
Chrome extensions manager -– NooBoss
If a keyboard needs drivers other than USB-HID, someone's doing something wrong.
Hikers are erratic. It's common when a person is walking to see something interesting and immediately walk towards it. It's Nature, and you are there to see stuff, right? (I catch myself almost doing this on a nearby shared use trail. I only avoid doing this because I'm aware of the challenges bikers face).

Expecting hikers to not behave like humans is foolish. 5mph really is about right for passing someone.
Works well when it's easy to find a job, doesn't work well when you get fired for no reason and you were working in a profession where you don't just get a job the next week.

Isn't putting aside savings to account for possible interruptions in employment simply prudent management of one's personal finances?
That's a LOT of code in the controllers. If I had to guess, it sounds like they're putting business logic in their controllers, which is a fairly well-established anti-pattern.

How's Shopify's platform performing these days?
Ask HN: Free email providers that support custom domains?
It seems that most of the bigger providers no longer support the usage of custom domains for free, but I'd love to hear that I'm mistaken.

Ideally I'm looking for IMAP access, but I'll settle for webmail if that is the only realistic choice.
I mean right now we hire people who already have work authorization.

Right now we can't sponsor a foreign new grad who goes to Cambridge and has an IMO gold medal because their H1B has a high probability of not being approved. We'll lose time interviewing and we'll probably lose other candidates while we wait.

If H1Bs were allocated by pay then our H1B would probably get approved because we're really desperate to make those hires.

Instead those visas go to megacorps who are not as desperate as we are. How do I know that they are not as desperate? They pay less.

We are so desperate to make these hires that we are opening an office in a jurisdiction with friendlier immigration laws. This is extremely expensive in terms of direct costs. I also think we lose out on ad-hoc communication by not having everyone in the same office.

The net effect is that the US loses out on a ton of tax revenue. Not only will the employees' personal taxes go to a different country, but taxes on some our profits will also shift to that country as the company will have to make transfer payments for the work done in the overseas office.
> Today is Inauguration Day in the United States, the day we enact one of our most sacred democratic traditions, the peaceful transition of power

Sitting here in West Africa, watching the news, we didn't see much peace during the rioting in the streets in (I assume) Washington
>refer to an "encryption vulnerability" and "security flaw". These are s, as the letter explains in detail.

Referrence to a clear demonstration of a security vulburability in the protocol as a lie, is a demonstrably false statement
Client-side encryption for your cloud files
This feels... parochial.

It wouldn't be so good if email turned into Facebook, where you can only contact somebody if the circuit has been established beforehand (i.e., both parties friend each other). What happens if this is the point of initial contact, and there's no other way to get in touch? I have to conspicuously friend this person from my otherwise dormant account and then not think about whether they're going to feel weird when I unfriend them later on?

I sent an unsolicited email a couple weeks ago. Academic-type, self published, personal webpages where I saw something that needed fixing, and so I did. There was no CMS, just a static site—and not the sort where you're running markdown sources through a generator and have a whole Git hosting service apparatus intertwined with hooks sunk into it. Plain, legacy HTML. I saved a local copy to my machine, made my changes, and mailed them in. They happened to be machine-readable patches, given the recipient, but it could have just as well been a message written in natural language. The changes were made, I was thanked, and done.

I'm still upset that in the 90s I could get in contact with almost anybody by looking in the phonebook, but when I tried doing that a few years ago for an old coworker, it was hopeless. Getting the listings for a city you've moved away from can prove to be harder than it seems, even when you know they have a landline.

These are the kinds of things you lose when you assume the world is already fixed in the form that it should maintain going forward.
> Gpick tells me the contrast is 56.1%.

Which fails WCAG AAA.

It's body text. There's no reason for this.

> I'd really rather people complain that their devices are broken/misconfigured-by-default.

Eyes are expensive to fix. Someday I'll get the surgery. In the meantime I'll bitch about people's shitty design choices.
I don't think you necessarily need to keep up! Just keep moving and you'll get what you need over time.
> Back in the day — way before we had hardware accelerated 3D graphics cards, let alone programmable GPUs — if you wanted to draw a 3D scene you had to do all that work yourself. In assembly. On a computer with a 7 MHz processor.

7 MHz? That's so fast and modern. Back in the day we were writing 3d fill routines on the 6502 going 1 MHz. With no floating point and no diagonal line support. And in bare machine language, going uphill both directions in the snow! ;)
A Challenger for Ionic: Aurelia Framework7
> Nobody is talking about withholding information.

A request for retraction is very close to a request to do just this. I will explain more below, though.

> major story about vaccine risk that didn't talk to any doctors

I think this analogy is not quite right. In a story about vaccine risk, you'd maybe talk to one epidemiologist, one immunologist, one pharmacologist, etc. In this story, they have done something similar: Boelter as the expert (yes, only a PhD student, not optimal to be sure) on the technical aspects of the vulnerability, and several others commenting on the broader social and privacy implications.

And this is very important because the letter writers and the EFF admit, when pressed, that it is indeed a vulnerability, or threat, or what-have-you. They would prefer the framing of "UX tradeoff", but that is because their core criticism here is seemingly not about anything technical, it's the fear, as you have said and which I do not deny is legitimate, that people will use this information the wrong way.

It is this point I was responding to. If the authors of the open letter do not have valid technical concerns (other than "backdoor", which was edited), their work is done, both on the philosophical grounds I listed above, and on the practical grounds that experts do not get to dictate tone, implications, or framing to journalists.

The oddest thing about it all is that the researchers seem to even agree with the Guardian that Signal is more secure. So to recap, the technical aspects of the vulnerability are not disputed, and even the recommendation of using product X over Y if you care about security is not disputed. It is the fear that people will use product Z, which the Guardian did not even mention, instead of Y that is the problem! It is based on these facts plus the call for a retraction that I have concluded that the security researchers in this case are trying to withhold, or at least control, the flow of information to the public based purely on the (justified) fear that some of the public will react incorrectly.

Just imagine how the conversation between the Guardian and the US and UK governments must have gone during the Snowden revelations. I am sure they were bombarded with many consequentialist arguments about why publishing them have all kinds of bad effects. But the role of journalists isn't to decide what's good or bad, or how people should use what they publish, it's simply to publish factual information. The only grounds for retraction should be factual inaccuracy.
Oh no, you're describing the solution rather than the problem: a global search, copy, and seizure converted to a local one that happens on per-target basis. Way better than mass collection with FISA warrants and systems like QUANTUM.
Look up projective geometry -- homogeneous coordinates are points in 3-d projective space. The defining characteristic of projective points is you can multiply all their coordinates by the same (nonzero) factor without changing the underlying point. (1 0 2 1) equals (2 0 4 2) equals (0.001 0 0.002 0.001). A cool fact about projective space is that every two distinct lines intersect in a point, including parallel lines!
Ok, here it is :
https://gist.github.com/antonmks/17e0c711d41fb07d1b6f3ada3f5...

0.25 cycles/byte using GTX 1080.
You mean to say you're afraid of being driven around by somebody's minimum viable product? What could possibly go wrong? ;-)
https://cryptag.org
> programmer to develop that automation

Not just develop, but maintain and bugfix. When you don't have the budget for an FTE, then how do you make sure you have access to the developer when you need it?
Show HN: TrumpGAG – Stories about politics by real people like you
"including tips on finding patterns, rubber ducking (but with a teddy bear instead), "

I find all this devaluing of the seriousness of the technical problems a very wrong thing to do.

Especially when gimmicks like rubber ducks, bears and the rest of the animal kingdom are involved. They just make one focus on the analogies, instead of building a better mental model of the problem.
The idea being that the companies that survive will be the ones that happen to have effective systems that incentivise law abiding behavior.
Nice and simple. I like it a lot. I would recommend adding Apple's web-app-capable stuff so that when people save it to their home screen, it doesn't distract them with the navigation bar at the top.
You're forgetting but Microsoft isn't just a software shop. They also do quite a lot of hardware, games / VR, design among other things.

I don't know who they're laying off but if they worked in, say, ARM Surface Hardware or maybe phone hardware engineering, they're going to have a smaller amount of places to go. Yes they could go learn software development but if they haven't done it that ramp up time is going to be years.
I've never understood what people actually mean when they say things like "dynamic languages let you express yourself more easily."

I tend to find it significantly harder in dynamic languages. Yeah, there is way more flexibility in small decisions (like right now, is it easier to return a string or an integer or whatever) but it's not free. Your little decision interacts, directly or otherwise, with potentially the entire rest of the program that might ever exist. There is probably a best choice, and it's hard not to try to find it every single time. Doing the easiest thing right now might mean you need to go and adjust many other things. In order to know what is overall easier you need to keep the rest of the program in mind.

I find dynamic languages kind of exhausting to write anything but one-off scripts in. I can't make good choices without holding far more of the program in my head than I would in a static language. Sometimes I don't even realize I'm making such a decision because I don't have a correct or full view of the rest of the program. To make matters worse those errors won't even show up as being a problem at the decision-site.

I feel like I express myself much easier in a language with a strong static type system. I can write down clearly exactly what the model is, and then the compiler or types let me know when I try to stray from it. From there I can decide if it's better to adjust what I'm doing in the small or the large.
Star Trek Copyright Settlement Allows Fan Film to Proceed
Or just boot into single user mode.
C++ is impressive for 1991. Excel was still K&R C at that time.
Now that, seems interesting. Thanks!