skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This was recently confirmed:

https://www.wired.com/2016/03/government-error-just-revealed...

But federal authorities recently screwed up and revealed the secret themselves when they published a cache of case documents but failed to redact one identifying piece of information about the target: his email address, Ed_Snowden@lavabit.com. With that, the very authorities holding the threat of jail time over Levison’s head if he said anything have confirmed what everyone had long ago presumed: that the target account was Snowden’s.
> that one can be summoned to a court outside of their home town

Generally it is very hard to do this. The U.S. actually has two levels of court systems: state (each state has their own judicial system) and federal (for cases involving federal law, agencies, and so on - IANAL so I don't actually know the full list). This rapidly gets obscenely complicated when you think about the fact that some people live in one state but work in another, about how you might handle an accident on a road trip to Disneyland, or even about how states can tax businesses that operate online, say through Amazon.

In many cases you have to file in a region convenient for the defendant to respond.

Federal court, even at the lowest levels, is serious stuff. Combine that with

- the NSA,
- implications for national security, which means everyone with a title and everyone who wants one is going to raise a hullaballoo, from the Department of State to the Department of Defense to the Department of Homeland Security,
- countries around the world being pissed, and
- the FBI, with explicit directives to capture Snowden,

and what you get is a very well-oiled political and bureaucratic machine moving far faster than it normally would. Now, as a disclaimer, I have absolutely no experience with federal cases, but in the state civil cases that I saw when I interned at a small law firm, it was perfectly common for components of the judicial process to take weeks; it takes months and egregious conduct to be found in contempt.

I was going to say that I suspected the case went to a specific subject-matter court (yes, if you have a case dealing with a specific topic X, it's possible - highly unlikely but possible - that you may have to deal with a subject-matter court), but after doing some fact-checking (https://www.wired.com/2013/10/lavabit_unsealed/), it seems the suit was raised in the Eastern District of Virginia. I'm not sure exactly what it was that gave V.A. E.D. original jurisdiction over such a case, but I'm sure someone better versed in this could provide a better answer.
I haven't checked Erlang too well, but is it so that the concurrency in Erlang software is basically actors only? Of course in this space you can also use Akka and even Rust and C++ have actor libraries available.

But there are definitely use cases where you don't want to use actors, where you might want to compose several futures together without the overhead of actor mailboxes.
Almost everything politicians - as well as other decision makers from CEOs to investment advisors to you and I - decide is outside their personal expertise

That's not the same. It's one thing to have advisors, it's another to be so far out of your league that it's not even debatable nor discussable for you. So you try (ideally) to put people in their best positions to make the best decisions, and hope you have critically thoughtful people. But at some point they don't even know what questions to ask any more.

Military: We have a bunch of super expensive airplanes that nobody wants.
Security: We have a former presidential candidate who though she was "above" security protocol and kept her own email server.
Personal privacy, Finance: Well, you get my point.

These bad decisions come about because the interested parties have access "loudest voice" and can spin the conversation. Such has always been the case, but now we are getting to an age where a preponderance of decisions require some sort of technical understanding.

I'm certain sometime in our past the leaders went from being the ones who could yell the scariest to the ones who could write. In this age we will be better served, IMHO, if we require our leaders to have some numeracy and some technical literacy.
I am a KDE user for 10 years now and I can't emphasize enough how annoyed I am about this.

Every major release breaks something.
And it takes months and years for seemingly basic things to come back, if they come back at all. For example Shift+Del for files on the desktop https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=344969 .

Right now I am especially pissed about the state of multi-monitor support for my Thinkpad + docking station. It is completely broken since KDE 5.
I can't undock, dock, suspend + combinations without everything crashing. (That means I can't carry my laptop around the office.)
KDE also has troubles arranging the desktops, keeping task bars on the correct monitor, or starting the desktop correctly at all.
The middle mouse button of the external keyboard doesn't work after suspend.
If I have two external monitors the frame rate drops significantly and I get screen tearing while moving windows around (Not sure whose fault that is. Maybe graphics drivers.)
Etc. :(

I know, open source, payment, free time. You can't really blame anyone for this.
The incentives and accountability, like for commercial products, aren't there.

With Microsoft's wish to be more like Google and the new telemetry features, I am either looking for a Mac next time or at least move to Gnome or Unity.

What also sucks is that these issues lead to me only using a small subset of programs like console, browser and gimp (no fancy editor, no mail client) to avoid anything important I use breaking.
You test it, like anything else. The problem with economics is there's not enough data! And the data we have keeps pointing out flaws in our theories
A better idea would be to use a surrogate currency, like a tera- or peta-Zimbabwean dollar, which had a exchange rate of about 1:10^12 or 1:10^15.

I'm sure no one dealing with zimbabwean currency would care for so many significant digits.
Indeed, we don't know how the languages were selected -- certainly not by the paper's author, so you cannot fault him for this -- though I can guess:

- C++ needs no explanation.

- Ada was (is?) commonly used in defense systems. It was referred to as the "control group" by the paper's author.

- Some are related to Ada.

- Others seem experimental languages, part of a "ProtoTech" program for the design of prototyping languages. It seems natural to include experimental prototyping languages in an experiment about rapid prototyping!

I expect SML would have fared similarly to Haskell (or Miranda); at this level I would consider both to be more or less the same language. And it would definitely be interesting to see a Smalltalk and more modern languages!

> [the choice of languages] looks like a deliberate bias in language selection, and it makes it look like the conclusion was drawn before the study even began.

This is explicitly shown not to be the case. The experiment wasn't designed by the FP community but by ARPA and the Office of Naval Research; the review panel was unfamiliar with FP; none of the requirements was devised with FP or Haskell in mind. The paper's author is on Haskell/FP's side, but the review panel was not. Of all possible objections, we can safely disregard this one.
What? People are very likely to develop stress disorders from continuous and constant proximity to violence regardless of where it takes place.

People who grow up in a state of constant war become desensitized to it but you're going to have a problem with their behavior and tendencies once you have them try to adapt to what amounts to a normal life to you.
> We really need economic indicators that reflect conditions for most people, not just the top few.

We have economic indicators that do that, such as median income and various distributional measures. They don't tend to get covered as much in the news because most of the people with power and influence don't like people paying attention to the stories they tell.

But the same government agencies that publish the headline figures publish my more useful ones for assessing how most people are experiencing the economy.
How hard an Entrepreneur's life can be
Probably because they should only be used for 'decoration' rather than actual content - this is css, after all.
I've seen it happen on trains, in Asia. Different cultures have different attitudes about this sort of thing.
I would like to see a solution to your problem with bounded memory.

In particular, the case where I want the top 3 words, you don't know the length of the stream, and you get random permutations of the same 4 words until I stop emitting them (where I will end by emitting 3 to break the tie).

That's not to say your problem isn't interesting -- just that while specifically constructing a problem as an example, you created one that's unbounded in required memory (in both storage per value and potentially number of values to store) and then demanded a solution that doesn't run out of memory.

I think most interview questions are similar nonsense.
Please stop posting unsubstantive comments to HN. The ideological and partisan tangent you bestowed upon us with this one is what we're trying to avoid here.

We detached this subthread from https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13276396 and marked it off-topic.
This post[1] about the CIA gift shop was far more interesting to me.

[1]http://savageminds.org/2013/11/13/made-in-china-notes-from-t...
since it's usually a policy goal supported by the voting public, I don't see how it's a policy failure.

Now, the fact that it is a policy goal with that kind of support may be a failure on a more fundamental level, but that's a different issue.
Or worth the cost increase of higher automation.. I don't see people living off of what it costs to manufacture goods today. I don't think those particular jobs are coming back.
If you want to get familiar with TCP/UDP and are not gun-shy with C I would suggest the Pocket Socket Guide (now Practical Guide to TCP sockets)[1]. I have a really old edition, but it ages extremely well, and its one of the books I always use to refresh myself on network programming basics.

[1]: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0123745403/ref=ox_sc_act_t...
tl;dr version please...
Still a lot of truth to this. Here in West Michigan, there are tons of auto parts manufacturers, both "boring" manufacturing (plastic molding, etc.) and emerging tech.
Three deaths from the Therac-25: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therac-25.
There's a really straightforward approach to turning video into feature vectors which you can readily plug into any old ML algorithm. You can turn every decoded frame (which is essentially a PNG, right?) into a (Width*Height)x1 vector, where each cell is an RGB pixel. You can then compose these vectors into a matrix, or perform further operations on them, e.g. SVD. Whether or not this is a good approach, though, will depend of course on your application. For face detection, for example, this is not adequate, and you'll need more sophisticated algorithms. For a good overview of that, see Jason Lawrence's slides[1] and also take a look at some of the other stuff he covered in his Computer Vision course[2].

Sorry if that's too basic for what you were asking. If you want to see some messy code that does this using OpenCV, here's some I wrote a while back with a friend, starting on line 127: https://github.com/sprestwood/CompVisionS2015/blob/master/te...

[1] http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~gfx/Courses/2015/TopicsVision/le...

[2] http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~gfx/Courses/2015/TopicsVision/sc...
A quote from this long article..
---
“Now you know what makes theoretical physics so hard,” he said. “It’s not that the problems are hard, although they are. It’s that knowing which problems to try and solve is hard. That, in fact, is the hardest part.”
---
As with startups, all startups are hard but knowing which one to pursue and give life is very hard.
> I'd be better off renting from someone else losing money.

No, you wouldn't, because if the rental market wouldn't support recovering the full costs to the owner, no one would bother owning land and renting it. Whatever costs fall on land owners will, inevitably, be fully (and then some, usually) distributed to renters of the land.
I'd say closer to 75-100%.

If manager or owner hoses the servers and doesn't staff appropriately then they aren't going to be able to "ask if everything is ok throuought the meal at appropriate times" and it wouldn't be their fault. Nobody can do the impossible. It's like personally blaming the cashier when the line is long.

I'd also start it earlier with training. If someone isn't trained for the job they are doing and never get any feedback from management, is it really their fault if they do it wrong? (I say this as someone who worked somewhere where training was more or less "yeah, go figure it out" so I have a lot of empathy)

I wrote on HN a while ago about my experience waiting (at least) a half hour to pick up a site-to-store order at Walmart when there was literary no customers. I never personally blamed the staff for it though because I could see the dysfunction in the system they were given to work with (and I could see the physical discomfort the staff was in dealing with it).
Man pages are (in my experience) almost always viewed on a text console or terminal. Info pages work poorly there, and it's just frustrating to be looking for some information in a man page and have to start up some other program with a different UX to complete the task.

Man page standards have places for "See also" and "Examples" and that is good enough.
What I wrote is perfectly compatible with your pedantry.

"We should also start"...

Obviously I didn't go on and on about it, but it is implied there that attitudes would need to change.
The "focus on fitness" is more about what apps are immediately available by default. The biggest issues w/ smart watches are battery life and hackability.

For hackability there aren't a lot of mass-produced options.

For battery life there aren't a lot of mass-produced options that have a large enough screen (e.g., the Withings Steel HR has decent battery life, but a miniscule display).

Ticwatch doesn't seem like it's up to par.

I think there's going to be a lag before a real competitor shows up.
someone ought to = nobody will.

If this is a real problem for USV, they can financially back a team to do this.
You are talking about the company that filed a patent for 1-click ordering. Honestly, its a blimp with a place for storage and the ability to launch drones.
Would love to hear more about this (where you organize, any structure, is it collaborative, etc.). Did this a bit on my own in the summer but it kind of petered out after a couple months.
I was just submitting the same thing and it got added basically with a few minutes difference from yours. It looks like medium does something with the hash at the end of the page to give a unique url, I suppose for tracking purposes.
No joke. That guy will claim credit for anything, even things he actively fought against.
> To be truthful: the older and more experienced I get I can't help but wonder why on earth people get so stuck in C++.

For a number of reasons.

First, it actually works.

Second, a lot of software is written in C++.

Third, availability of third-party libraries and tookits.

Fourth, people do know how to write software in C++, and some even have decades of experience under their belt.

Fifth, it's an international standard, therefore better ensured against bit rot.

Sixth, why should anyone jump onto the latest fad just because?

I seriously don't understand why this myth about "newer automatically means better" is so entrenched in the minds of those just starting out in software development.
Can I have a web dev "no thank you" list?

Node JS would be on it
That's been a common belief for several generations, not something that was taught to one recent generation alone.
Of course NASA updates software mid-mission; they're famous for sending software updates out to deep-space probes and rovers to fix things as critical as communication issues, which is quite a neat trick.

What they don't do is allow updates to happen automatically. They're carefully pre-tested, and the update is carefully planned and scheduled. Their goal, like most enterprises, is to minimize risk, and bugs that you know about and understand the impact of are much less risky than updated software you haven't been able to test yet.
Btw, that's not at all accurate where Poland's constitutional court is concerned (mind you, the court was created by a communist dictator to guard the regime against the rising tide of the Solidarity movement; couple that with Poland's mediocre constitution today and the previous ruling party's machinations and involvement in manufacturing the crisis). The issue is more complicated than what the media has presented us with. It's also rather banal in itself and is being used by powerful interest groups to keep the post-communist boat steady. In general, I recommend deeper familiarity with the topic before commenting. Many journalists possess superficial comprehension of the topics they report about and basing one's opinions on a few articles is not good practice. (Furthermore, Anne Applebaum, who I claim has been quite influential in influencing American opinion on the subject, has written about this and related topics in the WaPo a number of times in what amounts to a conflict of interest: her husband Radek Sikorski was a high ranking minister in the previous gov't and member of the previous ruling party, the same party embroiled in numerous corruption scandals and stands to lose under this gov't, never mind that they have a long history of demonizing ands scapegoating the current ruling party when it was in the opposition as a way of deflecting from its own failures and as a way of trying to secure its elite status. Mind you, Sikorski was himself a central figure in some of these corruption scandals, one of which involved making illegal backroom deals with the central bank to influence the elections in his party's favor.)
How about using the official subtitle 'A gentle introduction to mobile messaging and subsequent analysis of the Threema protocol.'?
Linux Kodachi 3.5 released today most secure OS
Aren't the ribbon menu in Word, the classic menu and the Chrome/Firefox "menu" button wildly different?
Label your axes. It's not clear what any of your charts mean.
One man writes a novel. One man writes a symphony. It is essential that one man make a film. -Kubrick

I often use this argument in situations where people are discussing system architecture.
I wish I could paste a screenshot of my desktop with Oracle EBS (enterprise business suite) windows open-- it looks like something straight out of 1997. Horrifically bad interfaces that burn through users' time and patience with no end in sight and surly non-responsive staff running it. Efficiency be damned, and yes, people are perfectly happy to throw money down the drain to keep it running.
> C++: an octopus made by nailing extra legs onto a dog.

...and yet it's (arguably) the best software-writing tool that mankind has invented, at least up to now.
Errors in the software of the radiation therapy machine Therac-25 directly lead to the death or serious injury of six patients. Three patients died within weeks or months.
http://radonc.wdfiles.com/local--files/radiation-accident-th...

Errors in the software of a MIM-104 Patriot resulted in failure to locate and intercept an incoming missile and the death of 28 soldiers.
http://www.gao.gov/products/IMTEC-92-26

Errors in the software of a Chinook helicopter may have lead to a crash that killed 29 people.
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200102/ldselect/l...

Errors in the software of Toyota's throttle control system may have lead to the death of 89 people.
https://betterembsw.blogspot.ch/2014/09/a-case-study-of-toyo...

More: http://www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Projects-Processes/Eight-Fata...
Typical DBA comment... Shout out rules without any explanation or rationale. No wonder many programmers avoid working with DBAs.
> Backwards compatibility is a strength, up to a point.

That point being actually having to build software that was already written.
What I really want is the ability (recipe ?) to chroot a browser.

I would like to run 3-4 browsers at all times, each with totally sandboxed identity and IP address.

However I do not necessarily want to run a full blown VM for each of them.

This is very simple and efficient for sandboxing server daemons - I do it all the time and there is almost zero overhead involved in chroot/jail. However I have never chrooted a GUI application and cannot find any instances/recipes of anyone chrooting a browser ...
Maybe you visit the wrong restaurants or other parts of the US are very different than Chicago? I have had mostly excellent staff experiences in the US to such a point that I use US examples to train our restaurant staff. Also, although I would like to see far more automation, I would suppose your opinion in this particular case is rather unique? Obviously I do not know that for sure but experience says it is in my friend group.
I feel the premise of "the OS as a Language" is missing a very critical point: our common definition of what "a computer is" has changed drastically in the intervening years.

Take a close look at those early computers. It is easy to ask "why do we even need an OS" when we don't have extra things like USB, hard drives, or RAM (it's all just storage anyway). What was once called "a computer" is now known as "a processor."

Even within the CPU itself we find layers of abstraction: caches, interpreters, even out-of-order execution! Just because you write assembler today, doesn't mean the processor is going to do exactly what you specified.

Some of these abstractions should be questioned and challenged, such as the CISC instruction set I alluded to above. But we should remember _why_ these abstractions are there in the first place, instead of blindly questioning (or accepting) how things work.
You missed the point. Motivation is the determining factor for adults.
I have found that Use The Index, Luke is a good reference when looking at optimizations. It's also nice that it covers most of the major SQL databases, so you can see differing optimizations and how to handle them.

http://use-the-index-luke.com/sql/preface
I wouldn't worry much about it. Typing fast isn't as productive as it looks. When I'm motivated I can easily exceed 100wpm but the quality of my code/writing suffers as my speed increases. Not the accuracy (although some) but the actual quality of the content gets very noticably worse. I often have to throw away the first draft because it's too poorly structured and/or meandering to save with editing. Typing fast is good for things like note taking or dictation but for everything else you're better off typing at a more deliberate pace.

If you do want to increase your raw speed though try joining some fast paced IRC or Slack chats. Back in the old days we used to joke that IRC was the best version of Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing. If nothing else helps you may need to try a different keyboard or improve your ergonomics. The leap from 50-60wpm to 80-100wpm is a difference of split seconds per key press so things like key travel and comfort are important.
I'm perfectly happy with that, although I think it is oversold and used as an excuse in many cases. So long as the productive capacity, intellectual property and knock on effects are kept domestic, good.
David Duke was specified, even though all evidence points toward that accusation being entirely fabricated.

It seems like he used to retweet lots of random people, was he regularly retweeting any specific white nationalists or specifically white nationalist content?
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