skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This paper isn't really a great introduction into the concept of AD. That said, one way to visualize it is to see how a basic AD implementation works. There are generally two different varieties, operator overloading and source transformation. Let's focus on the first.

Say we have a function:

double myfun(std::vector <double> x) {
auto y = double(0.);
for(int i=0;i<=5;i++)
y += x[0]*x[1];
return y;
}

We may want to find the gradient of myfun, or simply the derivative of myfun with respect to x[0] and x[1]. What we're going to do is reply double with a special AD type, which requires us to code things like:

template <typename Real>
Real myfun(std::vector <Real> x) {
auto y = Real(0.);
for(int i=0;i<=5;i++)
y += x[0]*x[1];
return y;
}

Now, instead of using a double, we'll set Real to be our AD type. In C++, this'll be something like a class where all of the AD action occurs. What's in this class depends on the particular AD algorithm, which depends on the what derivatives we want and what kind of recomputations of the derivative we want to make. In general, though, it consists of some kind of tree. At its most basic level, the nodes of this tree consist of the types variable, constant, unary function, or binary function and they contain information that relates to the chain rule. When we want to compute a derivative, we traverse the tree in a very particular order to compute and accumulate the derivative information. How this is done can vary as well, which has implications for the efficiency of the algorithm. Most implementations use a tape that predefines the order of the tree traversal. It's also possible to do a topological sort to solve for a tree traversal. Anyway, traversing a tree can be expensive for a really, really large computational tree, so the goal is to only touch every necessary node once.

Returning to your original question, finding the derivative of a program involves building up this tree of computation. Control structures don't really matter in this context because we'll just keep adding to the tree regardless of loops or conditionals. This, by the way, can be really, really expensive since the computational tree can be huge for a long running loop. There's some game in determining how and when to collapse the tree in certain ways. Source code transformation tools can just leave the original, or really modified, control structures in place, which alleviates a lot of this expense, which is partially why they're faster than operator overloading.
I don't know how one can relate how good humans are at a task with how good a state-of-the-art machine is at a task without making some sort of value statement about the human race.

Either way there is a huge difference between "I'm fine with hurting people's feelings" and "I'm fine with killing people"
Introduction to ANN and Deep Learning – Sebastian Raschka
Flash and DRAM only have localized activity so heat isn't so much an issue - yet.

There is actually a limit study using fundamental physics that shows that the amount of heat you can remove from a solid per unit time has a limit. Overheating is unavoidable below a certain volume. We're very close to that limit.
>You'd be hard pressed to find a climate scientist not in agreement with the consensus on climate change

You'd also be hard pressed to find a numerologist not in agreement with the consensus that numerology is effective.

Argument from authority isn't appropriate in this forum.
Indeed, I remember this was created to thwart an older (Java?) exploit that specifically grabbed keys in ~/.ssh
Ways scientists use Slack
re: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13282559

> Couldn't find one thing that could be simpler, eh? I think you just said you wouldn't admit you're wrong under any circumstances.

I'll happily acknowledge being wrong. Please point out how any of the features you mentioned could be simplified or removed without compromising on safety.

> You can call that 6 to 3 if you want, but it seems pretty neck and neck....

In any case, this is the problem with benchmarks--even with hard numbers we won't agree on who's winning because everything is up for argument.

> Swift and Rust use the same code generator. Rust is riding on LLVM's coat tails.

The code generator backend (LLVM) is not the same thing as the compiler frontend (lexer, parser, typechecker, AST tree shaker, etc.). I am specifically referring to the Swift compiler frontend. If you don't believe me, here's a dedicated repo for tracking Swift compiler crashes: https://github.com/practicalswift/swift-compiler-crashes

> Most programmers don't have the discipline to keep their programs simple. So yes, I'm lucky to be in a place where lines of code is considered a cost instead of a benefit.

I think we're talking about different things here. I'm visualising long-running software that drives automation of your systems. You're talking about quick jobs that do some task and then exit.

> ... we ... tend to use multiple processes instead of multiple threads. This scales very easily across a cluster of computers, something Rust won't do for you.

I mean, which language does scale multiple processes across clusters easily for you? I'm very curious to find out.

> Go ahead and have the last word if you like - I won't reply. I've clearly made you defensive, and I don't think this discussion is likely to turn friendly again.

If you won't engage in discussion, then how am I the defensive one?

¯\_(ツ)_/¯
I'd start with the BBC documentary: "The Power of Nightmares." It comes in three parts and covers the entire cold war era up to the early 2000s.

You may also want to read up on Sayyid Qutb and Leo Strauss.
Current reference intake is 300 mg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_Reference_Intake#Macro...
It's also a myth that runners need a high carb diet. I was a competitive distance runner for many years with a high carb diet and I'm confident that my performance suffered because of it. You're cells become much more efficient at using energy as you train, so you really don't need to eat that many calories at all. I was running 80+ miles per week, with a not above average calorie intake (for Americans), and my weight was stable.
> because China have been suppressing it's own currency to stay competitive.

Had been.

China's currency is facing pressure to depreciate nowadays, and the Chinese government is having a hard choice between propping the value of CNY and preserving its reserves of dollars.
This looks really interesting wow!! We might give this a try out our startup that me and a friend are doing. We need a type of script that would help users drag and move around pictures/gifs in large blocks of text so they can get the perfect desired placement of the media inside their text document to build rich documents that have animations in them I wonder if Dragula would be good for that type of useage? The demo does not really show any situation aside from moving around text based divs around. Does it work just as well for moving around pics/gifs in a thick text document? Our startup has around 1-2m users/month for reference.
Not sure if you are joking, but Pauling was pretty wrong when talking about vitamin C. His ideas were repeatedly rejected by actual research studies and yet he kept pursuing vitamin C. I assign him very little credibility in this arena.

Also he was making money from the sale of his books.
You are describing a world in which all decisions made by all humans are informed by perfect logic. The beautiful paradox of such a world is that wouldn't require any government, or any other external system of control. Any external system of control in a perfectly logical and rational world would be unable to demonstrate any value whatsoever, as there would be no conflicts to resolve whatsoever.

Thus, in lieu of 100% of humans being 100% rational, 100% of the time, a nonzero amount of government, creating nonzero amounts of regulation it is an absolute necessity.
It would help if we knew what area you are in.

But yes, that's a role companies hire for all the time. I believe we are currently hiring for those roles as well.
van Mises wrote: "if a man has been run over by a car, it doesn't help to run it back over him in the opposite direction"

Laws have supported the current norms in urban architecture for half a century. It is therefore the case that there are many more suburban homes and fewer city homes than the market would bear under a different regime. Changes to the regulatory situation would mean that a great deal of capital must be reallocated, and the costs will be absorbed by homeowners, i.e. innocent people. Urbanists must keep this in mind: what works in the long term will hurt in the transition.
Why Microsoft is asking startups to dance with it into the new year
If you are targeting a US political entity, using a staging server in Russia probably isn't the worst idea, so unless the IP address directly ties to the Russian government/intelligence services, it's still only weak evidence of Russia's involvement.
A Student’s Guide to Engaging Constructively with Social Justice Content
>Exactly, you have to tack on quite a few "provisos" in order to argue it's impossible.

I wouldn't say it's strictly impossible. I would say the limit is environmental, rather than no limit existing. At a certain point, the available signals from the environment are as precise as they're going to get, the mind is as informed as it's going to get, and no further improvements are possible without a whole complicated raft of new experiences.

Kinda like how science often hits the point where we can't actually shift into a new Kuhnian paradigm by pure deduction, but actually have to do expensive, difficult experiments.
So essentially someone hacked the DNC, and it's "advanced" because some custom software was written just for this particular target ?

I've written custom software (which was a lot harder to find than some python WMI hooks) for hacking a lot lower profile organisations. I've consulted for organisations that were hacked by Chinese hackers for bitcoin ransom that had custom software written too. I mean, high profile target, more effort can be expected. It does not mean the government is involved (although a lot of hacking groups seem to have government sidelines in China, though it does not appear to be their primary activity. I mean unless the Chinese government is itself into bitcoin ransoming).

But more seriously, if a component of our government that is this central to our democracy can be hacked by sending emails "open this exe", then ... I mean seriously. Sorry to say, but if that works, you deserve what happens. Is this really the level of competency in the people that are currently organising the government ?

Also the main thing this report does is validate that the information leaked to the press is indeed true (I figured as much, I mean why put so much effort into fighting fake news unless the real target information is not fake ?).

So Hillary and the DNC is in fact in the pocket of wall street. She DID use the DNC organisation to sabotage Bernie Sanders. There are in fact foreign donors to Hillary and the DNC that are illegal under rules that Hillary's government department is supposed to enforce ... this report mostly confirms that this is indeed the view that the top of the DNC has.
> talking about rust dll hell

No, what that thread is talking about is that somebody wrote a library to exercise unstable features in the nightly branch of the Rust compiler, and that inspired somebody else to write a sky-is-falling blogpost claiming that nightly Rust was out of control and presented a dozen incorrect facts in support of that claim, so now we have to bother refuting the idea that nightly Rust is somehow a threat to the language.

As for the package manager criticism, the overlooked point is that OS package managers serve a different audience than language package managers. The former are optimized for end-users, and the latter are optimized for developers. The idea that they can be unified successfully is yet unproven, and making a programming language is already a hard enough task that attempting to solve that problem is just a distraction.
How's a burger carbs btw? Unless you mean the bun and not the actual patty.
> The CIA is not the noble intelligence agency that's sold to the world

Huh? I think most people think of the CIA in the opposite way. That CIA is a byword for perfidiousness.

I myself think the CIA is very much a net good if only for the reason that every country has an equivalent (or would have if they could afford too).

Of course it's not perfect but like any large organisation it has its secrets and skeletons in the closet.
No. I believe the official version (that the reason the intelligence agencies are accusing Russia of hacking the DNC is because believe it did) because the alternative is less plausible and there's no evidence for it. That's pure Occam's Razor, no faith involved.

The FBI has lied and will lie again, getting me to believe they lied about something is not hard, but they don't generally do it in big, obvious ways that are easy to disprove and involve a lot of co-conspirators and don't accomplish anything.
They have to make money somehow, don't they?
It's sarcasm... the paranoid Sanders voters screaming that the election was rigged often 'forget' (find unacceptable/truly are clueless) that minority voters are the 800lb gorilla of the Democratic Party. In 08 they wanted Obama, and that's who it got. In 16 they wanted hrc and that's who it got. They throw around Clinton's pop vote win as if it showed our system is broken, all while genuinely believing she beat Sanders by cheating, conveniently ignoring the fact that she beat him by a larger margin.
Show HN: Screengif – Android App to Record and Share Your Phone Screen as a GIF
Most problems that can be preventable with diet are caused by one simple thing: obesity. Simply put down your fork and maintain a proper weight and body-fat percentage and you can eat what you want.

We need to start taxing the overweight and obese.
What "mentioned group"? - I don't think many/any people think of themselves as SJWs now that it's pejorative and widely applied to people who never thought of themselves that way.
It's getting harder. There's the obvious social pressure of course, when every other kid has the latest iPhone starting in kindergarten. My family is fortunate to live in a community where there's a fair amount of social diversity and tolerance, so the kid with no cellphone doesn't stand out very much.

Our kids are now in high school, and some teachers are beginning to expect kids to have smartphones. My daughter told me her teacher sent out an announcement of an assignment, and was surprised that some of the kids didn't find out about it instantly.

It's not uncommon for kids to have their smartphones taken away from them, either as a punishment, or because the phone has become an addiction. We have had to impose the rule: "When you are in the house, your phone is on the charger in the kitchen, where we can see it."

I know parents who have gotten their kids flip phones, to break the phone addiction. Tracfone still offers them, AFAIK.
I'm arguing that you should just have one package manager, so in my world the only way for this to happen is if both the packages you're installing are tarballs that no one has bothered to port to your system. If the language-specific package manager did not exist, then there would be a better chance the package would exist for your OS already.

Anyway, Debian/Ubuntu has multiple fallbacks for this situation:

a. ppa's

b. parallel versions for libraries that break API compatibility (libfoo-1.0...deb, libfoo-1.2...deb that can coexist).

c. install non-current libfoo to ~/lib, and point one package at it (not really debian-specific)

d. debootstrap (install a chroot as a last resort -- this is better than "versioning packages per-project" from an upgrade / security update point of view, but worse from a usability perspective -- you need to manage chroots / dockers / etc).

I suspect the per-project versioning system is doing b or d under the hood. b is clearly preferable, but hard to get right, so you get stuff like python virtual environments, which do d, and are a reliability nightmare (I have 10 machines. The network is down. All but one of my scripts run on all but one of the machines...)

A long time ago, I decided that I don't have time for either of the following two things:

- libraries that frequently break API compatibility

- application developers that choose to use libraries with unstable APIs that also choose not to keep their stuff up to date.

This has saved me immeasurable time, as long as I stick to languages with strong system package manager support.

Usually, when I hit issues like the one you describe, it is in my own software, so I just break the dependency on libfoo the third time it happens.

When I absolutely have to deal with one package that conflicts with current (== shipped by os vendor), I usually do the ~/lib thing. autotools support something like ./configure --with-foo=~/lib. So does cmake, and every hand-written makefile I've seen.

[edit: whitespace]
I'm a new grad, but since when do consultants get to charge > ~double the hourly rate of what wages would be?

Did I miss the memo?
This seems to reflect a fundamental misunderstanding of cognition, which is that only the conscious part matters. In fact we don't really understand how the brain works on problems, but there is plenty of evidence for continuous background processing: ever heard of someone getting an idea in the shower? Ever had the answer to a question pop into your head when you were doing something else?
Seconded. I would gladly hand over my personal data if it means improved FB/search experience. I think there's a large number of people who share my viewpoint. If someone is concerned about protecting their online privacy they have the option of not using those services. (I know about trackers on third-party websites. It's pretty trivial to block them.)
Thats great of you, I am vegetarian by birth, became vegan by choice , Even in vegetarian people rationalise when they come to terms with messy aspects of dairy farming.

The question of ethics is weighing hard on me, even normally rational people who talk about human rights etc turn off their ethical circuits when question of meat comes up .. I think this points to a deeper question of how rationalising can affect morality ..

Does average human consider their wants above ethics he seems to subscribe? , why is hypocricy not making many upset? Many won't consider themselves as beings who put only themselves above others, they cry out for morality, but when question of ethical boundaries they themselves cross, it becomes question of rationalisation.

One has to really ponder, did a slaver in the past (sad that its not that ancient) who cared about ethics of his fellows , rationalised away his slavery?

If people really thing about this in terms of past people rationalising stuff away, if they feel upset about that, maybe it will lead to them thinking about ethical problems they too rationalise away
I'd make a small single page website with a few fixed parameters (and maybe a few database calls) and then optimize everything on it using Google PageSpeed and other resources [0]. Make a script which runs during check-in which measures speed changes and have a contest to see who can reduce the speed the most.

A good example of this is the homepage of t.co which clocks in at 3.08 kb and yet looks fantastic.

[0] https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/
The Most Timeless Songs of All Time Using Spotify Data
Was this supposed to kill companies house or scrapers?
I believe that Chua was talking about the Ashkenazi Jews. I was convinced of the "scientific racism" explanation for their achievement based on the evidence presented in the book the 10,000 The 10,000 Year Explosion: How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution Paperback by Gregory Cochran and Henry Harpending. Nicholas Wade, a long time writer for the New York Times also made the same arguments in his book A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race and Human History although I haven't read it.
If you don't like Facebook, don't use Facebook.
There's a certain irony in calling something a myth based on your personal anecdote.
> a multitude of string types

There are two string types in Rust, `String` (growable and heap-allocated) and `&str` (a reference to string data). Anything else is just a shim for FFI.
Been doing this for 3 years.

There are tons of programming gigs at $100+/hour. $100 * 40 * 4.33 = $17320 per month. It's usually tough to fill 40 hours consistently, but if your rates are higher, you can work less hours.
I agree, and the FDA and USDA basically have a monopoly on providing that education in the current system. They aren't doing so well. Scaling back as the original commenter suggested would still offer government-stamped peace of mind for some products, but for those that aren't approved/are still pending, there will be room for private reviewing organizations to step in, probably providing consumers with more diverse opinions.
This seems interesting, but the title of the page is "Our country of the year". The article notes that "A report in March concluded that its greenhouse-gas emissions may already have peaked, or will most probably do so within the next decade."

I'd be more interested in the report given out in March. Although this article is good reading. I do disagree with their pick and would have probably chosen Estonia rather than Columbia. Columbia's peace deal is still tentative though en-heartening.
It's really awesome.

For a system engineer, it's hard to draw visual csv file by java script.
markdown is the most simple and convenient tool, it's a good idea to combine markdown with visualization.
They sell ads by offering this information in the form of targeting.
VR is never going to be capable of providing me with anything I actually want.

I don't understand why people care about it. It sounds like Ultima Online, but with something close to Real Dolls™ maybe.

I guess, just like cosplay and furries, there's a subculture that's ambivalent enough about their own combination of desperation for stimulus, to give it a try and find attachment and occupy themselves within this form of media...
Yes, but before the election, the argument Hilary put forth was that Trump was going to provoke a war with Russia.
My argument was not even about sales. So I don't know how it got thrown in there. Sales are important, marketing people are important, managers are important. That's not the issue that concerns me. It's this sort of behavior where you supposedly have a labor market, but it's not really a market, that concerns me. The markets regulate themselves with the value of labor going up with the value that it generates in the market through competition for finite resources. But here we have some sort of pseudo slavery, where a worker is only justified enough money to maintain their living while companies are deriving multiples of value from their work without competing for their services.

It's as if I were selling a product, and the middle man as a class were forcing a price through collusion so they could make a massive profit on it. That in law is called unjust enrichment and it's illegal.
Got the same 6GB of RAM 99% CPU, didn't debug why yet.
Happens all the time. As a consultant you're responsible for self employment tax (7.5%), benefits, vacation, sick leave, etc. You also have no job security, so you need to make enough that you can cover gaps in between gigs that ended. You price it into your hourly rate accordingly.

So yes, your hourly rate is significantly higher than a comparable salaried employee. No, you're not actually ending up with double the money at the end of the day.