skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I think I see what you're asking. I think the answer is: Before we start talking, you have to tell me what all the rules are. So when you say "start with 0/0 = 'undefined'", what is the ambient number system? The proof I gave earlier showed the number system can't be a ring - so it's not the real numbers, the integers, the rationals ... at least not by the standard definitions of those number systems. When you do math, you don't make up the rules as you go.

As far as the example you gave goes, you start by assuming 0/0 is defined. But if you're trying to show 0/0 is defined you're assuming what you want to prove. The logic isn't correct.

Note that giving 0/0 the name "x" doesn't do anything.
Simply naming something doesn't establish any fact. It just makes "x" shorthand for "0/0".

Anyway, observing that 0/0 * 0 = 0 but also 1 * 0 = 0, 2 * 0 = 0, and so on doesn't establish any necessary connection between "0/0" and 1, 2, ... You wouldn't conclude from "1 * 0 = 0" and "2 * 0 = 0" that "1 = 2", or that "1 could be 2", for instance. So nothing has happened. But what could happen? Remember that you started by assuming that "0/0" was defined. "Assume" in math means you've assumed it's true. In that case, you're done, right? Its "definedness" isn't probabilistic. And if starting with that assumption you did find out something true, it doesn't follow that the assumption is "independently" true. (The truth of "if P, then Q" and the truth of "Q" do not together imply the truth of "P".)

You might want to look at the post on wheels higher up this thread. It shows what you could do - namely, use a different set of rules.

This may be more than you wanted to know ...
So basically, error handling code? I apologize, but I don't see what's new in this?
One such example: http://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/22/lockheed-martin-shares-take-a...
is that necessarily a bad thing? i take joy in mother's day regardless of its origin.
One thing I really loved about our house is that it bore the scars of many past generations. Odd wiring... staircases leading to nowhere... strange wooden fixtures holding things up... handmade room extensions. The house had its own eccentric character, shaped by the people who lived in it.
What is the actual state of brtfs?
Show HN: Easily configurable tweet map
Initially I thought that as well: "why would intelligent life spew tons of energy into random solid angles?". But there may be a reason to do this. I wouldn't be sure if they would go through the effort to not pollute -- just look at humans. We pollute space with our signals. Civilizations that command astronomical amounts of energy as if they were pennies might just do the same thing.
It's best to learn what real-time actually means in the context of technology. None of the above technologies are real-time. Near-real time might be more accurate but it depends on your tolerance.
The question is, can we arrive at a system and culture of paying for the "underlying value" of a resource, as you put it, before those resources no longer exist?
Authenticity – Snapchat and the end of “selling out” (Lefsetz Letter)
I run Emacs remotely from my school-issued chromebook. The major issue is that any sort of fluctuation in network speed/connectivity can freeze or upset it.
If you develop an app based on this network of contractors, how can you be sure they'll always be around to support your app? Do you make a local copy of the foreign app? What if they increase their fees and hold you up for ransom?
Ruby 2.4 Released: Faster Hashes, Unified Integers and Better Rounding
At 104, John Logie Baird colleague recalls first TV demonstration
It takes so much energy to bring a rod out of orbit. Not a good weapon.
Hey, it's where I live! I had no idea we were doing such cool work in that area. Australia as you can imagine, while often quite lush in many regions, is quite acutely aware of water as a limited resource. Most places I have lived have been under some kind of permenant water restriction policy and I think that drills into most people that it's a pretty serious matter.
Why had no one mentioned Netsuite? Their API really makes things difficult for developers. I hate them so much.
Franks used it to dismiss the question of whether we can afford the proposed system. Figure of speech or not, it's influencing the debate, and I think it needs to be challenged.
a.k.a. TOCTOU: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOCTOU
To your point, recent reporting by the New York Times has highlighted the trouble with private equity firms replacing public utilities. For example: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/24/business/dealbook/private-...
Merry Techno-Christmas, mah ninja geeks!
Siberia maybe? Plenty rivers, no much use for water.

Now, contamination is another question I presume.
That's amazing. I came across your project a while back when you posted it on HN and love the idea. Would be great to see it get some wider adoption and can't wait for version 1.0!

Selling is not going to be my intent. I feel this should be left to the artist behind the original idea. But indeed instapainting's model seems like a nice fit.
Why not use a bigger one? Because a tungsten rod that is "for defense" also has the force of a small nuclear bomb when it hits the ground. This was one of the proposed weapons for the previous Star Wars initiative.
In that case you should email us so we can take care of the problem right away. Fortunately, that's also what you should do about any other astroturfing concerns too.

What you mustn't do is throw 'astroturfing' and 'shill' around as ammunition in an argument; that's as cheap as it is common, and uncivil.

> obviously

If I've learned anything moderating HN, it's that we all vastly overestimate what counts as 'obvious' and that this is the root of most of our problems here. When you find yourself thinking 'obviously', that's probably a good time to search for at least one alternate model.
The Tizard Mission – Why Did the UK Give Its Secrets to the US?
The environment contains references/copies/borrows of local variables, depending on a number of conditions on the code. Since the environment struct is generated by the compiler, this is different from a method call where you specify the struct yourself.
The AOSP fork for bacon is still quite well supported. I'm sure the community support would be enough for security patches and updates given how massive it still is.
Something that can self-replicate is still not something that can self-replicate over millions of years and through millions of generations in the harsh environment of interstellar space, feeding off of and taking advantage of any arbitrary material it might find for self-replication and reaction mass, while still maintaining a consistent exponential growth curve throughout the galaxy.

That's not "modest resources and marginally better technology than us", that's perilously close to being magic. Not even viruses, the most aggressive and efficient self-replicators we know of, have managed to consume all the biomass on the planet, or could reasonably be expected to do so.
merry mutherfucking xmas from s to the weden. Stay G (enerous)
Software Engineering Radio [1]. In my opinion this is one of the best software engineering podcasts out there. I find the interview format really effective at really extracting programming wisdom from the experience of the interviewees (especially the older, more experienced ones). They've also got quite an impressive back catalog (currently on episode 272).

I've also really enjoyed Android Developers Backstage [2], despite doing very little Android development myself. It's hosted by two very well spoken and likeable Google engineers on the UI toolkit team, and the tools (IDE, lint, etc.) team. They invite one guest (sometimes two) each episode to discuss some aspect of Android, app development, and platform development. It gives a really unique perspective on what is required to develop for developers, and on highly constrained devices.

[1] http://www.se-radio.net/

[2] http://androidbackstage.blogspot.com/
How “open source” seed producers are changing global food production
>If a 15 year old white kid in Nebraska built a drone following directions on YouTube to monitor land use around him, I don't think this would be seen as incredible.

You don't say? Quite the astute observation.

Would you say that's because the '15 year old white kid' is more...privileged? :)
Fun fact: you can see the original component that was packed at the national cryptologic museum.
Examples of CW use by Iraq include the following from the Final Report. (These are selected uses only. Numerous other smaller scale CW attacks occurred.)
Use in the Iran–Iraq War, 1983–1988

August 1983: Haij Umran – Mustard, fewer than 100 Iranian/Kurdish casualties
October–November 1983: Panjwin – Mustard, 3,000 Iranian/Kurdish casualties
February–March 1984: Majnoon Island – Mustard, 2,500 Iranian casualties
March 1984: al-Basrah – Tabun, 50–100 Iranian casualties
March 1985: Hawizah Marsh – Mustard and Tabun, 3,000 Iranian casualties
February 1986: al-Faw – Mustard and Tabun, 8,000 to 10,000 Iranian casualties
December 1986: Um ar-Rasas – Mustard, 1,000s Iranian casualties
April 1987: al-Basrah – Mustard and Tabun, 5,000 Iranian casualties
October 1987: Sumar/Mehran – Mustard and nerve agent, 3,000 Iranian casualties
March 1988: Halabjah and Kurdish area – Mustard and nerve agent, 1,000s Kurdish/Iranian casualties
April 1988: al-Faw – Mustard and nerve agent, 1,000s Iranian casualties
May 1988: Fish Lake – Mustard and nerve agent, 100s or 1,000s Iranian casualties
June 1988: Majnoon Island – Mustard and nerve agent, 100s or 1,000s Iranian casualties
July 1988: South-central border – Mustard and nerve agent, 100s or 1,000s Iranian casualties

Use at Halabja, 1988
Main articles: Halabja poison gas attack and Sardasht, West Azerbaijan

On March 16, 1988, the Halabja massacre occurred. The Iraqi army hit residential areas with sarin gas and the roads leading out of the city with mustard gas the day after. Most of the victims died within minutes after the bombing and those who survived and tried to leave the city the following day were injured when they passed contaminated roads. Civilians in residential areas in western Iran such as Noodsheh, Ghaleji, and Marivan were bombarded with nerve gas as well. The efforts of local health care centers played a significant role in decreasing the number of mortalities.

Use in Southern Iraq against the Popular Uprising, 1991

March 1991: an-Najaf - Karbala area — Nerve agent & CS, Shi’a casualties not known.
SE Daily is also pretty cool https://softwareengineeringdaily.com/
'All I wanted to do is build a house' (2010)
Tell HN: Merry Christmas
There's a reason not a single production imperative language supports GADTs. Imperative sequencing and mutability semantics, as done in practice, are inimical to rigorous formalization. When imperative language designers try to make a nice consistent type system, they hit road blocks early on and give up. Rust doesn't even support HKTs. GADTs are just an example of something that you rarely see in imperative languages because they almost never even make it that far.

One of the other nice things you get with languages with good functional/pure/immutable(/lazy) semantics are free theorems, where you can actually make strong useful statements about the nature of your program like "this will not crash", "this is memory safe", "this will terminate", "this follows the functor laws", etc. whereas it's effectively impossible to make such claims in a language with messier abstractions like loops and mutable variables.

Basically, the reason functional languages have better type systems is that their underlying untyped semantics are more sensible and simpler than the untyped semantics of mutable imperative (strict) languages, and this is reflected in the safety records of languages through mechanisms other than type safety.
This article looks interesting. I was going to make a similar comment with a much more dated source so I'll piggyback off of yours. Piaget, in his book "Biology and Knowledge", applies biological concepts to the study of mind and comes to the conclusion that consciousness is similar to embryogenesis: both are processes that actively construct a set of interwoven systems that effect biological homeostasis. Many of the basic principles in embryogenesis and learning are the same. For example, isolated subsystems are developed in parallel, with input both from the genetic system and from the environment, and are later integrated to form higher-order functional systems. This idea is more interesting when you consider that the development of mind could be just the final stages of embryogenesis insofar as it is an aspect of the physical development of a child and their integration into society.

Piaget's ideas were a little sketchy because of the paucity of information about the brain at the time so I'm excited to look more at the article in the parent comment which appears to be an attempt at a more detailed analysis.
It is! It's both calming and exciting to look at.
The perfect typography just gives me chills.
> You're either joking or wildly misinformed.

No, I'm speaking from having read a bunch of Elm code.

> Elm can use type inference to work out types. The difference between this and dynamic languages is that it does it at compile time so you pay no runtime overhead.

I know that. It does not change what I wrote as the outcome is that Elm code still includes more type annotations than I'm willing to deal with.
But will it matter if they don't know it's machine generated? A sort of Turing test would be interesting here.
The idea that Coca-Cola created the current version of Santa Claus is an urban myth. Popularised? Maybe. Created? No.

http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/santa/cocacola.asp
Popped amaranth is a nice snack, too.
I know it is a pipe-dream, but it'd be nice if all the data these cars gathered got loaded into a central database. That way they all could improve faster and it would increase the ability for competition. I feel right now how we're doing it you'll get a certain brand that is definitely safer than another, which could easily cause a feedback loop.
If she's fluently bilingual and skilled you would probably have a much easier time applying via Quebec's immigration program. I assume that you're an engineer, and if so, there are a few startups hiring in Montreal.
The universe can be modeled at least as naturally as a composition of functions of type (Time -> a) as a mutation upon a global mutable state.
Which, even funnier, are all very, very removed from the actual technical meaning of realtime to the point where they make a mockery of the concept.
* Arrested DevOps https://www.arresteddevops.com/

* Software Engineering Daily is also pretty cool https://softwareengineeringdaily.com/

* Software Engineering Radio http://www.se-radio.net/

* Talking machines http://www.thetalkingmachines.com/

* Partially Derivative http://partiallyderivative.com/

Edit: formatting.
Add life-critical systems to the list. The damages/insurance/claims can be in this order of magnitude. Just need to kill enough people at once, like a big plane or a big boat or a big building.

By the way, trading [should] have fail safes (i.e. stop after some amount of losses). A plane doesn't have fail safe, when the plane goes down, there is never enough parachutes =D
Haskell LANGUAGE pragmas are like "from __future__" in Python and various other equivalents in many languages.
Iceland, Guyana and Suriname seem to be doing alright [0].

According to the United Nations yearly availability of less than 1.700 cubic meters of water per year per capita is the lower limit [1].

[0]: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ER.H2O.INTR.PC?year_high...

[1]: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/...
It is because it is so vital that we should get a clear signal of its value. We should be paying for what it is worth.

I don't think the supply of ground water and the demand for it vary wildly. And that is what market prices are based on.

But a sudden change in prices would definitely occur when it is depleted.

Rain water is a different thing. The supply varies greatly. But it is also completely renewable. Industries that use it should adapt to its potential scarcity and prices help to do that.
Most of the USA East Cost, and the Gulf of Mexico for that matter, do fine. In Alabama it almost rains too much for agriculture.
Do you have one in mind that you recommend?
http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/03/08/opinion/meat-makes-the-...
I mention this when I teach number theory - and the fact that the proof in Euclid is entirely in words. People complain about mathematical notation sometimes, but the imperfect notation we have is better than just words for everything. (We could use more pictures, however.)

Likewise, if I define normal subgroups, then simple groups - and it would be a shame, at that point, not to mention the classification of the finite simple groups.

I think from the students' reactions that these things are interesting to them. People interest people.

So I mention Euclid, and maybe I take 1 minute. The finite simple groups, maybe 2 minutes. The class is 50 minutes long. Is that "teaching the history of math"? Really, the original question is ill-posed. Let us say I have a 50-minute class in a content course. How much of that time do I have to spend talking about history before I'm "teaching the history of math"? One minute? Ten minutes? Do I have to give an assignment on history?

But a little bit of history, or culture, or a random story - I think that's part of learning the subject, broadly understood (as you said, humanely understood). Nothing but definition-theorem-proof would be pretty deadly.
Lost my wife seven years ago suddenly at the age of 34 [1].
My first relationship after her passing was with someone who herself had become widowed a couple of years before. We'd started out as friends, but ended up dating for about three months.

It was incredibly healing for both of us to be able to tell stories about those who had passed, without someone going "WILL YOU SHUT UP ABOUT YOUR DEAD SPOUSE?"

She's still one of my best friends, seven years later.

[1] http://ask.metafilter.com/125445/How-do-you-deal-with-the-un...
Threatening others with physical violence after posting pictures of their kids, shit like that, isn't quite the same as a flying dildo though, right?
For being right in the shadow of Fort Meade, the National Cryptologic Museum is a really awesome place. It's also one of the only places in the US where you can actually play with working Enigma machines.
> I can't believe people legitimately think Facebook is spying on them through microphones.

Why?

From a marketing/advertising point-of-view, it would be incredibly valuable data.

With fairly old technology it would be easy to tell what shows you're watching on TV/radio, what ads you've seen, etc.

With more recent technology it may be feasible to figure out interesting attributes from conversations (e.g., you're about to have a baby, discussing buying a car, considering product X, etc.)

To be clear, I have no reason to believe Facebook is doing it. I just don't understand why it would be crazy to think they are.
User donations earmarked for X phone model + Y OS version held in trust and paid out to the first developer who completes (X,Y) port of the OS as a one-time cash prizes, with Z% overhead taken out each donation to fund the central developers \ organization.
Haven't we been there already? Systems that would run code, no matter what? The result was, that systems could be hacked by committing flawed code- which would execute completely different then intended without ever throwing a error message?

The Error this was, brought forth the fail early, fail loud approach?
Ask HN: Gift ideas for a programmer?
import Control.Lens.Cons
case uncons v of
Nothing -> .. empty vector ..
Just (head, tail) -> ..
CIA Cartography Center makes maps available online 1941-2010
* Changelog https://changelog.com - centers around OSS. Programming language agnostic

* Giant Robots http://giantrobots.fm - Bit of tech but mostly stuff about running a (small) SAAS business. Great host.

* Bikeshed http://bikeshed.fm - Ruby, Elixir, Rust.

* Full stack radio http://www.fullstackradio.com - misc programming topics, interview style.
> A Spaniard asked me once to give me the "carpet", which made no sense in the context. He meant to say "file folder" ("la carpeta" in Spanish), hoping the Normans had brought the equivalent French word to England and save him a lookup in the dictionary.

This is classical Spanish bullshit. They just make shit up. And they take the same approach with pretty much everything else. Particularly at work.

Source: take a wild guess. Also, I used to teach English.
I was thinking the same!
To be honest, I don't think Podcasts are for me, especially for information-dense subjects, like CS topics

(Also I can't program while listening to podcasts, it gets in the way of thinking)
I'm on a road trip at the moment, and the patterns in the gallery look similar to some of the paintings on the walls of a couple of motels I've stayed at. It was my first thought on seeing the gallery.
I haven't tried Eatsa, but from the photos, the bowls look exactly like Inday [1] (Broadway/E. 26th near Madison Square Park), which is superb.

Like Chipotle, you pick your own combination of ingredients, and it's heavily skewed towards vegetarian options. Inday offers qinoa (actually a great mix of qinoa, amaranth and teff), but I also love their "Not Rice" (shredded cauliflower with a similar consistency to rice).

[1] http://indaynyc.com
Some interesting tidbits - the NSA team leader in charge of investigating the equipment offered a "bug bounty" to find the eavesdropping devices [0]:

"As an incentive - probably demonstrating his own impatience - the leader of the team, Walter Deely, offered a US$ 5,000 bonus for the first person to find an eavesdropping device. Then, on the evening of Monday 23 July 1984, technician Michael (Mike) Arneson noticed an anomaly in the power switch of an IBM Selectric typewriter and decided to x-ray the whole machine from top to bottom"

0. Not exactly in the sense of today's "bug bounties".
Haskell has far fewer correctness gotchas than other languages. They stuck to consistent, predictable behavior - even when it made things tedious for years until new techniques were discovered.

Haskell does have performance gotchas, though.
Must Read: Why Startups Don't Grow #1
The Fermi Paradox posits the premise of ANY artifact indicative of intelligent origins.

It doesn't have to be "self replicating drones." It could be inert bullets, arrow heads, sharp sticks, carefully arranged electromagnetic retro-reflectors.

Drones are a fad. The paradox doesn't require an alien implementation of drone technology, self replicating, autonomous, or what have you.
Why US liberals are now buying guns too
I live literally above their first location, spoke to staff before they opened and even peaked into their backroom.

On the outside it's gorgeous, pretty, white, but in the back it doesn't look pretty. They've got almost a dozen staff in the back. All hispanic. Seems cramped and not comfortable.

It feels bad, feels like we're just hiding the working class behind this facade.
Besides, I wasn't suggesting selling off water to private companies. Only having realistic prices that communicate the actual scarcity of the resource.

You can't get industry to conserve without them. Because, as you pointed out, they don't have the same incentives as governments do. And industry is the biggest user in many places.
And even array-oriented algorithms can be quite nice, syntactically, if nice operators are defined for them[1].

But the FP community does not care that much about that kind of code, so nice operators are just not defined for them.

[1]: http://augustss.blogspot.co.il/2007/08/programming-in-c-ummm...