skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Hi everyone! I'm one of the cofounders of Clerky :)

We've gotten a ton of questions from founders over the years - this handbook is what we always wished existed, so that we could point people to it. There are already a lot of great blog posts by attorneys out there, but we thought it was also important to have something that (1) helps founders build a solid foundation of knowledge rather than piecemeal, (2) covers the terminology and practices used across startup law firms (thanks to our incredible editorial board), as opposed to one attorney or one firm, and (3) is kept up-to-date as laws or market practices change.

We're very excited to be finally sharing this with the community - please let us know what you think!

A few notes:

* This is very much aimed at startups of the type that might apply for YC one day, seek angel or VC money, etc. Obviously there are many other kinds of businesses, but it's really hard to write something that is broadly applicable, unfortunately. My apologies in advance to founders of other types of businesses.

* The content that we have has been thoroughly vetted, by more top-tier startup attorneys than you can shake a stick at. That said, the scope of the handbook in terms of topics covered should be considered a first cut, as should the presentation. We have many articles on the todo list, and also have some ideas for how to better present some of the more complex concepts.

Finally, feel free to use this thread as an opportunity to ask any general questions you might have about legal issues for startups - my cofounder Chris and I (we're both startup attorneys) will do our best to answer. Some of our editorial board might pop in from time to time too!
> It would be sort of weird if we turn back into having sort of 'company towns' where your employer provides a lot of what you need except they pay for it.

It would be weird but it would make sense, in the same way that theoretically the 'best' government in a benevolent dictator. When it's good, it's great, when it's bad, it's BAAAD.
Not by default. Just for me. Like "from format import default_strings" or something.
Try stepping on it and you'll quickly discover its flaw.
You write tests to automate tests you would have to otherwise perform manually. That is the only reason tests exist, to automate the boring task of testing.

That's one problem with the TDD mindset. If you start by looking for things to test, you might come up with unlikely scenarios or cases that don't matter much for your user.
The big issue with maintenance is if the fork wants to continue using OWS servers and continue being able to communicate with 'normal' Signal users
I always forget, what is the workaround for WSJ?
From the documentation, they also support Amazon Echo style actions such as "Tell Personal Chef to find me chicken recipes" or "Ask $name to $action_phrase".

See https://developers.google.com/actions/distribute/invocation-...
Ruby 2.4 Performance Looking Good
It reminds me of some place I heard about that had very generous patent bonuses, to the point where people would make more money filing for patents all day than their salary--so they would do the bare minimum to get their "official" job done and not get fired, and spend the rest of their time writing patents all day. Not sure if it was Google, but it's another example of incentive systems being gamed.
While life expectancy is strongly correlated with income, it's actually uncorrelated with inequality and access to health care.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/25135...
Node uses a thread pool for async i/o flows, it's just this is abstracted away from you in terms of the main event loop. It's really an elegant model, and makes node a great fit for a LOT of use cases. Using the most broadly used dynamic language on the planet probably doesn't hurt as well.
Yeah, I came here to say that as well. It's amazing what clear and concise communication can make something so much more palatable. It's probably for lack of conflicting business interests forcing you to water down your message.

Good luck with your next adventure.
Starbucks adds a virtual barrista
Screen capture for those who had trouble with the pay wall.

http://i.imgur.com/9eihuWG.jpg
Gee, North Dakota seems to have a lot of places where the download speed is at least 1 megabit download speed, and almost all of the state has a choice on broadband providers.
My understanding of the issues with the Signal forks was mainly the inclusion of the word 'Signal' in the name, resulting in brand confusion by more casual users.
I don't think you are alone in your opinion. I agree with you.

I found the tone in this exchange particularly galling:

'"The cat's in the bag and the bag's in the river,'' he messaged Zuckerberg. "Does that mean the cat's dead?" Zuckerberg texted back, not understanding the spy speak.

Andreessen replied: "Mission accomplished "'
Should be able to click "web" link.
No, it's much much older than PHP. It's in PHP because it was in Perl (which is also why it's in Ruby). I think iit was in Perl because it was in sh. But I wouldn't be surprised to hear that it's older than that. Snobol maybe?
"I hope the free sodas stay though."

For those that are not aware of the reference here, you will enjoy reading Steve Blank's post entitled "The Elves Leave Middle Earth - Sodas Are No Longer Free."

https://steveblank.com/2009/12/21/the-elves-leave-middle-ear...
Right click the web link to open in an incognito window. Open the top result of the resulting search.
It doesn't make a lot of sense to me because the software I run on my watch is nothing like the software I run on my desktop.

To use the typical car analogy, it feels like designing a motorcycle that you can attach a second set of wheels and a cabin to turn it into a car. Or a second set of wheels and a bed to turn it into pick up truck. Or wings to become an airplane. Or a hull to become a boat.
Yes, and that's a much better mechanism. The question is: what does Signal do if it seeks an inappropriate permission and is denied?

For example: Gallery, which is the default picture viewer on the Samsung GS5, at least. They updated it to demand several unnecessary permissions, such as for your Calendar. Clicking on an image (invoking Gallery, in its most basic instance) results in a prompt, "Allow Gallery to access your calendar?" If you Deny Calendar access, it exits, or crashes.
Google article and click from Google:

https://www.google.com/search?q=Barely+Half+of+30-Year-Olds+...
This is the first part of the interview, there will be a second part posted next week that goes into more details.

I'd love to answer any questions.
yeah their total lack of market share in mobile is going to be much more of a limiting factor than their dominance in PC OS will help them
Interesting fact: a doctor can prescribe you any drug for any reason, regardless of what the drug was meant for, subject to a couple restrictions. So, if you are in such a terminal situation, and some studies have shown drug X, normally used to treat some other disease, could help people with your disease, the doctor can prescribe it to you even if the drug hasn't been FDA approved for that purpose. This is intentional: it allows doctors to use cutting-edge research and don't have to wait years for FDA approval.

There are restrictions, of course. First, if a doctor start prescribing opiates to every patient s/he'll probably get a call from the DEA :). Second, insurance companies may refuse to pay for experimental treatments. And third is potential malpractice liability, but making sure the patient has informed consent can limit that. And this all only applies to drugs that are already FDA approved, just not for your specific use case.

I should point out the only reason I know this is from an article about some drug companies that have been accused of encouraging doctors to use their drugs for non-FDA approved purposes to boost sales. So I may be missing some key details here.
Tail Calls in the VM (2007)
Valve's platform full of shovelware is due to (perceived) consumer demand, not because of size or cost reasons. Steam used to be very selective in who gets in, and people complained that a lot of small developers were left out. So Valve added the greenlight system to let the community find the gems that Valve should let in. People still complained that too few games got in. So instead valve made major changes to improve recommendations and reviews and to establish a community of curators, and then opened the floodgates.
love tech events and how technical they go.
Anyone know the organizers of the event? I built a product that helps event-goers find places to sleep around the venue through a widget. Would be cool to get it out there with big events! Here's a few examples: http://www.tractionconf.io/accommodations
http://en.esl-one.com/csgo/cologne-2017/information/#stay22-...
I think the argument is that separation of UI components is a more true "separation of concerns" than separating CSS, JS, and HTML.

The implementation of a UI widget is ultimately a combination of CSS, HTML, and JS which are coupled to some degree, so by colocating them together, the component is easier to manage. But to do this effectively, you need some way to get around the global nature of CSS. CSS modules and CSS-in-JS are means of achieving this.

A good blog post about this topic is: https://medium.com/seek-developers/the-end-of-global-css-90d...
Right, it does nothing to protect from targeted DoS attacks. The obvious answer is that you usually want a fixed-size buffer per connection, and any message larger than that needs to be read and handled chunk by chunk.
It has a problem when the topics are divisive, for example https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13095475. There are quite a few like that unfortunately.
Microsoft are telling us this. When they deliver it I'll believe it.

As a Microsoft focused developer for 22 years and a windows phone user, everything still feels like its held together by sticky tape and string at the moment. It works but inconsistency and sometimes show stopping failures just ruin it. As an example, Windows 10 Mail just stopped working for me for 11 hours throwing an update settings notification loop on two devices. No fast ring here; only the stable releases. Edge is all marketing and is slow and clunky as fuck still.

This is daily friction which kills the platform. They need to focus on quality before promising features.
Sure, but "I like it" is actually a good reason. You can dissect I like it into maybe that I find it more productive, that I find strings easier to read when they're like that, or for other reasons, but it actually boils down to aesthetics: I like it :)
Craigslist?
> A kernel spends most of it's time managing mutable state.

Why do you think that FP doesn't have tools for this? Do you genuinely think that in 20+ years of research no one has thought of this? Have you investigated it?

I don't know. If you think that things like ST aren't suitable please say why (other than the larger problems with monad transformers, of course).
Crucial point which I didn't communicate properly: they were block booking spurious/unnecessary travel well in advance (by years).
The best data we have (an actual randomized control trial) suggests the medicaid expansion did not affect objective measures of health.

https://www.nber.org/oregon/

It did, however, affect various subjective measures. People feel good about going to the doctor and having an insurance card even if it doesn't help them.

It's possible there is a long term, small, hard to measure effect, but we have little evidence of it.
I know multiple people who stay on Telegram because it has stickers and Signal doesn't. It's a real thing, to the point where I've considered diving into Signal's code and implementing them on top of the existing support for sending photos.

Missing feature #2: only the Android app can be paired with Signal Desktop; the iOS app is left out. What's up with that?
No, it's just a bit of defensive programming against silliness and misconfiguration. Not every errant connection is an attacker trying to pwn you, some are just going to be honest mistakes. Picking up on wrong magic numbers and logging "missing magic from <ip>" would help immensely debugging this issue. All the other advice about avoiding mallocing an unsanitised amount of memory still stands, but this would just make it all easier to figure out
never got behind the paywall, so i have to ask:
What about the distribution? Is it more of an general stagnation or did the wealth concentrate more? Also, if the gap widened, got the few lucky (high-earners reproducing itself) or is social mobility intact?
Of course they don't; every time wages rise in a particular sector, this is seen as a "labor shortage" that has to be corrected. In order to differentiate themselves into a higher "class" of labor equivalent to what their parents were doing, those same 30-year-olds were forced to spend another 4-8 years in expensive schooling before they could enter the job market.

The solutions in the article are laughable. "Better education", ie more expensive & longer. More transfer payments (how does this address wage growth?).

Reduce entrance to the labor pool and allow people in that labor pool access to jobs regardless of the paper they hold.
I'm getting really sick of HN's attitude toward Amazon employees. Not Amazon, hate all you want on the company, but I really think the the "only a desperate moron would work at Amazon" type comments don't belong here.

I love my job, but reading HN makes me feel like I should hate it. This is a place that told me to "take as much time as I need" when I got married, told me the same thing again when my dad was taken to the hospital two months later, and again when my father-in-law had a heart attack a month after that. I will never forget the kindness I've been shown in one of the most difficult years of my life.

I know that my experience doesn't align with everyone's. But this broad categorization of Amazon employees as "desperate" or "corporate drones" is just false.
Compound that with the percentage of income 30 year olds spend on housing, education, health care and child care compared to their parents and we have a recipe for disaster.
I think we learned enough here to know that there's no way that will work, and also that it wouldn't make the site better.

Edit: I'm afraid that sounded dismissive—sorry! I was writing in haste and genuinely appreciate your suggestion.
Yeah, i'll serve as a counter-example if you'd like.

I've been on the site for a long time, and there are things i love about HN, and many many things that i strongly dislike.

Blind-spots for politics (either with a capital P or lowercase p) is at the top of the list of things i think are fatally flawed with this community.

Especially since this community started as both software AND entrepreneurship, i find it unreasonable and untenable to claim that politics are dissociable from the topics discussed on this site (it is, at the very least, undeniably capitalist).

If you are building organizations, you cannot be agnostic about politics. Your organization will have politics, and you as a leader must define what values your organization has and how they are to be implemented. [for brevity, i will skip over the discussion of the value of diversity in organizations here]

And at this point if you think that i'm shifting or moving the goalposts away from software, i'm happy to bring it back. Especially in a space where you care about your users, and their user experience, you must meet them in their contexts and consider their needs. Those are also not devoid of politics, and there are even business decisions on which user bases to serve and why, many of which should not be devoid of policy and politics.

For example: https://www.propublica.org/article/facebook-lets-advertisers...

Lastly, perhaps we'll retreat to "well threads about explicitly political topics devolve into shit shows", and i'd even probably agree with you, but the question is... so what? Just agreeing not to discuss these topics, some of which directly pertain to the development and productization of software just means that the mistakes that software orgs make won't be called out in HN. No one will learn from them here, and that seems like a big problem, especially for a community which folks come to in order to learn how to build software and organizations.

Agreeing not to discuss politics is not a solution to the problem being described. I'm not entirely clear what the correct solution is, but this is definitely not it.
So, Microsoft finally solved the Windows on ARM puzzle.

Did it take them more than five years to write an x86 emulator, or did they only decide to try this after Windows RT had failed?
I have a little hard time seeing AR-glasses and minority report like gloves/hand waving (or virtual keyboards) being feasible (at least before a couple of generations of improvements), but perhaps that's lack of imagination on my behalf

AR-glasses should be given to programmers and traders. What if AR-glasses could somehow be synchronized with what you're looking at in your IDE/editor? How about "diff-vision?" -- You could have a visual overlay that diffs the currently shown method/function with another bit of code from a stack?

I think the gloves are silly. Hand gestures would be a nice supplement to function keys. Heck, I could envision a bunch of good gestures that would mean less finger travel than function keys.
Click "web" under the article and to the left of "comments" then click the first link on Google.
Node does use threads for async io, it's just abstracted away from the main loop. The bigger issue, is the cpu bound code is a bad use case for Node, and it's known to be. There are options to run this type of code out of the main process though.

You can scale node, via the same techniques you use to scale anything across servers, you just do it sooner with node in order to better utilize a larger server, or use multiple servers sooner. Node is great for just about any io bound workflow.
My thoughts too.

No, really! :)

This was ragingly interesting, but outside papers like these I wondered what the application of this at this stage might be; Great sci-fi could be had, was my conclusion.
It's a nod to Siri requiring the app name, Siri API was punted from iOS 9 to add that, it was considered a privacy risk.

I don't agree FWIW.
Indeed, those are some good points, and a good question. My impression is that hardware hackers are largely oblivious to contemporary OSHW issues. For instance, relatively few are even aware that Arduino is open and RPi isn't, and what the actual issues are. I tend to be more concerned with being able to use a design in the future if one of my vendors vanishes or a part goes obsolete, and my solution to that problem is to make stuff that runs on multiple platforms, or can be easily ported.

I doubt it's just a matter of price. The main problem may be that open design evolved at a time when stuff was a lot simpler, and not driven by code. In 1980, I took a schematic for a guitar pedal in a magazine, and build one myself, with no copyright issues. You can't copyright a circuit, and it's damn hard to patent one. There was no EULA to prohibit me from taking my gear apart.

An issue with software is that the author has to do something proactive, in order to make it copy-able. That's probably an over-simplification, but at the very least you have to negate the implied copyright by replacing it with something permissive like the MIT license. So, there are "sins of omission" that threaten the open-ness of software (and of hardware containing software) that are only beginning to emerge in the hardware hobby.
I've sold houses using discounted brokers and he hates that. He said that buyer agents will dissuade buyers from looking at houses offering less than "standard 3%" to the listing agent (another protectionist tactic).

I countered that I don't care. In this day and age buyers are savvy enough to jump on Zillow and Redfin and find my house, and they will demand they see it. If I hired a buyer agent and they tried to talk me out of showing a house over a commission I'd fire them right there.
That works for software changes but not community standards, which is what we were experimenting with here.

Perhaps the lesson is simply: don't experiment with community standards.
The journey to “fasterer”
A bit ironically, the 'Larger, more detailed figures' is is actually something Lego had already done, in boy-centered sets, several years before.

http://lego.wikia.com/wiki/TECHNIC_Figure, http://lego.wikia.com/wiki/8714_The_LEGO_TECHNIC_guys

I'm a bit disappointed they didn't use the same design (or a similar one) for the new figures - there was a lot to be said for the full posability of the Technic figures.

Also, the legs had holes in the side, allowing you to mount bricks either on their feet, or to the side of their legs. This allowed for building reasonably convincing exo-suits.
"Offensive" was probably a bad choice. "Uncomfortable" maybe?
I use Word on Android + the MS fold-able mobile keyboard (pic in the article) to edit documents a lot. It works well for me on my P8 max. I am not the average user but I can't wait to never need a laptop or tablet again and just take my phone (or, better yet, clam shell) and fold able keyboard.
I dunno, take the Dell xps 13, depending on your specs you have pretty powerful laptop in a 11" format. Compare that against the HP Lap dock (https://www.microsoftstore.com/store/msusa/en_US/pdp/HP-Elit...). Expensive and it isn't even a full laptop.

I think the problem I'm having with continuum is that it's based on us only using the computer in a few fixed places, whereas the good thing about laptops is that they can be used anywhere..

I agree that internal politics is most definitively the bane of Microsoft's existence :)
The invisible data of our lives
Some other commenter up there says he worked at lab126 and it's sane there.
> that constantly blows people's minds is how caches work and the fact that there's 10-50x performance waiting for you if know about it

Could you point to some sources?
> The "disruptor" here is ProctorU and similar services.

And this is why I cringe whenever I hear people talking about "disruption" like it's a good thing.

I once heard someone seriously suggest that higher education should be disrupted by newer education systems that don't have to be accessible to the disabled because universities are "wasting" too much money on accessibility services. See also: AirBNB encouraging landlords to set up unregulated hotels and causing nasty externalities for the whole neighborhood. It seems to me that "disruption" is code for "figure out how to cut corners in a way that makes everybody's life worse to increase your profit margins".
> If Google can't dominate a market, it is not interested.

It's a problem for all big companies, not specific to Google.

For instance, there used to be a policy at Microsoft, that only projects aiming at over $100M of revenues would be attempted.

It doesn't make sense to go for smaller than that when you operate at that scale.