skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Indeed.

In fact the birth of statistical learning theory was Vapnik's (rather unintuitive) insight that although the theoretically optimal strategy in a classification task is the class conditional distribution, estimating the class conditional distribution from the data is not a promising way to do it. Estimating distributions is freaking hard, you may not (ever) have data to estimate that distribution, however you can short circuit the process and solve the classification problem directly (without explicitly modeling the class conditional distribution).

That said, machine learning has models that do not rely on a stochastic sampling process. The sampling process can be adversarial too. In such situations the algorithms guarantee that you wouldn't be too far off (even in finite time) from the strategy that would be optimal in hind-sight. These are non-asymptotic guarantees. I am of course sweeping large swathes of theory under the carpet, because this is hardly the forum for that.

The beauty of CLT notwithstanding, what is surprising is how rarely the Gaussian assumption holds in practice. Many distributions are too heavy tailed to have a finite variance, and in such scenarios CLT does not yield you a Gaussian but yields a stable distribution (Gaussian is just one, in fact the only one in the stable family with a finite distribution. Gaussian distribution was not discovered by Gauss and neither is it that normal). To make a tongue in cheek claim, the prince of mathematicians sort of got away with it.

Machine learning theory was never far from statistics and probability. How can it, when its traditional theoretical bedrock (PAC) is explicitly a statement about convergence in probability with all its epsilon and delta in your face. Where the two differ are in the amount of focus on prediction (as opposed to parameter estimation), familiarity with optimization and algorithms, and lack of fascination for test of hypothesis, Gaussian distribution and asymptotic normality.
No. I've used this yesterday and it was very useful for what I was doing. Thought it would be of interest to others.
Ahahahah yep, this is a very familiar feeling. Including the part where you're on reddit for three days.
He procrastinated for us
> That middle ground has nothing to do with respect though, which gets back to my point.

I said "complicated". You took that to mean a continuum, but that's not the case. There is more than one dimension here.

> By this logic, you can virtually never question someone's choice because you effectively never know everything that goes into someone else's choice.

You were talking criticism. Here you have shifted ground to questioning. Which is still a little entitled, honestly. You could ask questions, though.

Also, your parallel to government decisions is ridiculous. Government is of, by, and for the people. People have a right to know. Ward Cunningham, on the other hand, is of, by, and for Ward Cunningham. You have no right to get up in his business.

> What you should be doing in a situation where you disagree but don't feel well informed is to become well informed so that you can either defend your position or understand the decision.

Yes, and I for one wish you had done that here instead of pitching a fit.

But ultimately, Ward doesn't owe us an explanation. If he chooses to inform us, that's great. But if not, the respectful thing to do is to, absent evidence to the contrary, assume he knows what he's doing.
But how do you trust the owners not to make fake accounts and only pay out to them?
> using this method for counting quickly is nearly impossible because it requires the simultaneous movement of multiple fingers up and down

Simple solution: use the Gray code. :D
Feds Walk into Building. Demand Everyones Fingerprints to Open Phones, Its Legal
It also helps if the hosting facility doesn't know who you are.
The receiver anonymity tidbit was something I recalled from this summary http://fanti.web.engr.illinois.edu/ciss2016.pdf which for some reason was in my crypto / chat papers folder..
Veracrypt (the most popular fork of Truecrypt) has this ability too. And some Truecrypt user still trust Truecrypt after the latest audit found no signals of backdoors.
...which is one reason why VR won't live up to the hype.

You won't be piloting the Millennium Falcon, you will be sitting in the back room, playing Holo-Chess against Chewbacca.

That may be interesting enough to some people, but it's not going to "change the world".
I think you are right, and that we should not romanticize poverty. Many people view a 'simple life' as being one of purity and virtue, but there are very good reasons for why so many poor farmers want to move to the city.
Pulovere si Jachete la Moda
Wide access to contraception and education does make it a life choice in North America and Europe.

You may want kids, but this is neither a need nor an obligation. A desire, AKA a life choice.
Generally repeatable mass production. Once you can repeatedly produce the item you can price it for how easily it can be produced and then scale up if the market will pay that price. Chips, SSDs, computers, plastics, anti-stick pans, you name it.

SSD's became "a thing" when they had the write endurance to replace hard drives. The problem of write endurance was solved by two breakthroughs, one was reliable multi-level cell (more than 1 bit per cell) and the other was device patterning small enough that you could mask endurance issues with excess capacity. That took NAND flash out of USB key fobs and into HDD replacements.

For graphene there are a couple of things to look for, one is the ability to mass produce it in sheets. If you can reliably produce sheets of graphene you can make a lot of interesting products. The second is doping/patterning. If you can selectively apply changes to a sheet of graphene to create features that act as transistors, then you start being able to build circuits into the sheets you can produce.

This particular paper talks about essentially 2D features in graphene that change the p-n junction path with properties that are similar to optical lenses. That provides a different way of switching elements (as opposed to charge manipulation) that means there are some new structures that should be considered when building a graphene transistor.
Sort of like uncovering an ancient archeological site and decoding a text only to see it is about your civilization!

Sounds like a great premise for a roguelike :)
True, but in most cases moving to a different company where that pre-determined balance happens to be more in line with your professional and personal needs is a viable option, especially if you happen to live and work in a state where non-competes aren't enforceable.
Are you sure that's a real question? The answer is probably just that the words you're using don't quite fit the underlying reality.
> And this is the reason we have the 12-hour, 60-minute system, and other sexagesimal systems, ever since ancient Babylonia.

> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexagesimal

Your phrasing is quite a bit stronger than your source's:

> It is possible for people to count on their fingers to 12 using one hand only, with the thumb pointing to each finger bone on the four fingers in turn. A traditional counting system still in use in many regions of Asia works in this way, and could help to explain the occurrence of numeral systems based on 12 and 60

It was a long time ago; we don't actually know why the Mesopotamians liked cycles of 60, and it's unlikely that we ever will. But the argument "it's easy to divide 60 by 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6" is a lot more parsimonious. We do know that the Romans, despite using a base-10 number system, had money which divided into 12, not 10, subunits, precisely to make money easier to divide. 12 and 60 are technologically superior to 10, and this can explain their use even in societies which we know used base-10 numbers. (Such as... the Mesopotamians, who, as shown in your link, represented the value 47 as 4*10+7.)
Yes, but why does this depend on Docker for OS X if it's not reusing Docker's Alpine VM?
Start working on a side project and write about it. Then submit your post(s) to the relevant places like Product Hunt, Hacker News, relevant sub-reddit, etc. This a) makes you start producing something, b) gets you to start "marketing it", c) allows some people to notice what you are doing and potentially start chatting with you about it, and d) is focused on producing rather than "collaborating".
Devils Advocate: The desire for kids is wired into us at a very low level. It's not quite a basic survival need but, but it's near that level psychologically.
Thiel was on the fence about donating earlier, but Trump's alleged acts of serial sexual predation, accusations that Hillary was on drugs and should be in jail, that people are rigging the election in the media and at voting booths...it took those to really seal the deal!

more on-topic, seems problematic for the tech community when prominent tech folks take a strong stand against free speech, for authoritarian anti-free-press candidates. (while claiming libertarian leanings, to boot!)
I imagine this could be interpreted to include other devices and data protected by biometrics, too. Very concerning.
There was a crud-free mechanical design by Hawley, most commonly seen with VAX and DECstation computers. Patent 4,628,755 (and maybe 3,892,963) describes it and probably prevented popular usage.

http://www.oldmouse.com/mouse/hawley/
http://www.oldmouse.com/mouse/hawley/wheels.shtml
http://www.oldmouse.com/articles/hawley/DECbottoms.shtml
And that SaaS is called Boomerang.
Introvert Hangovers Can Be Really Rough
> We were supposed to be nation of 'Jeffersons', or at least educated people with skin in the game. Only educated and land owning males were allowed the vote.

What states include being educated as an input to their voter eligibility determination?
A Bounty Hunter Drone
I cannot find that quote on the site you linked. Do you have an expansion? The closest I found in the text was this paragraph:

"Instances, such as these, confirm, by the contrast, the conclusion I have already drawn from those which preceded them. That only is true enlargement of mind {137} which is the power of viewing many things at once as one whole, of referring them severally to their true place in the universal system, of understanding their respective values, and determining their mutual dependence. Thus is that form of Universal Knowledge, of which I have on a former occasion spoken, set up in the individual intellect, and constitutes its perfection. Possessed of this real illumination, the mind never views any part of the extended subject-matter of Knowledge without recollecting that it is but a part, or without the associations which spring from this recollection. It makes every thing in some sort lead to every thing else; it would communicate the image of the whole to every separate portion, till that whole becomes in imagination like a spirit, every where pervading and penetrating its component parts, and giving them one definite meaning. Just as our bodily organs, when mentioned, recall their function in the body, as the word "creation" suggests the Creator, and "subjects" a sovereign, so, in the mind of the Philosopher, as we are abstractedly conceiving of him, the elements of the physical and moral world, sciences, arts, pursuits, ranks, offices, events, opinions, individualities, are all viewed as one, with correlative functions, and as gradually by successive combinations converging, one and all, to the true centre."

If the quote comes from this, it is crucially leaving off the continuation: "...as one whole, of referring them severally to their true place in the universal system, of understanding their respective values, and determining their mutual dependence." This implies that by learning a lot, you enlarge your mind, and then can connect everything. This has nothing to do with learning how to learn, especially as a primary goal of university. Here is a college that supposedly follows his guidance: http://www.thomasmorecollege.edu/academics/true-enlargement-... Again, from that page, "it is plainly both the knowledge of architectonic principles and the familiarity with the substance of the various arts and sciences of which a liberal education is composed, including such pursuits as history, literature, rhetoric, mathematics, and the study of the natural world." So what you learn matters.

Thanks for the link though, should be interesting reading later. I agree it'd be nice if universities embodied some of the purpose they historically set out to be for, and we resurrected utilitarian trade schools with tight integration into what companies want so that those without the inclination or ability to pursue intellectualism can still learn something useful and create a better life for themselves.
I'm going to guess based on the article and other comments that it's not so much "no one" is eating Chipotle as much as "fewer people than before" are eating Chipotle. Certainly there are people still going for the food, but I think the issue is more that there was a sizable drop that is reflected in the finances.

I would imagine this sort of issue is one where it's easy to miss the forest for the trees. I was never really a fan of Chipotle to begin with, but wasn't bugged when I heard about the outbreak; it just seemed like a tradeoff in my mind for less processed meats - you naturally expose yourself to dangers like this. I wasn't aware that the fans of Chipotle thought differently, but apparently they did and I guess the chain mishandled the PR on the event?
Reading WikiLeaks is actually illegal
How the Mobile Web Will Change Business in 2017
I work close to the Empire State Building -- following the health scare, the lines were way shorter during prime lunch hour. I've noticed them come back but seemingly not in full force (even with the Chiptopia rewards, which we did take advantage of at work).
Are national election betting markets efficient against state-level odds?
For whoever downvoted me, I was asking because I wanted to know if I could directly ask them questions on this thread. I don't have a problem with self-promotion.
I think we've had a loss of context here. I wasn't speaking against you; I was replying to Thomas's argument that the situation with YC and Thiel is fundamentally different from that with Mozilla and you.

Are you really going to tell me you think YC should dissociate from Thiel? I grant your point -- my argument had a bug -- but I would think you would support the spirit in which I offered it.

Anyway, since you're here in person, let me say to you directly: I'm sorry I signed that OkCupid petition.
No, at that point you get HR involved because they are creating a hostile work environment and demoralizing the team (bonus points if any of you have significant familial obligations such as caring for an elderly parent or other relative).

Mandatory sensitivity training FTW!
> I'd argue that the current generation of VR (Rift/Vive/Gear/PS4/etc) is already multiple orders of magnitude more successful than past attempts

Are they, I haven't seen sales number? Has anyone beaten the virtual boys 350,000 units?
> And I think that this is the heart of the issue here. That you want to punish people for holding certain beliefs.

Just because you disagree doesn't mean their opinion is less valid. Because an opinion is political doesn't mean it doesn't affect peoples trust and not wanting someone in a position of power when you don't trust them is a valid opinion just as much as the opposite. Innocent until proven otherwise is a legal concept, free speech instead emphasizes everyone right to have their own opinion regardless of its merit.
> Other societies commonly have used base 20

I've seen this claim several times about French. Apparently it's a standard description of the French number system, but it is totally and obviously wrong on the facts.

Here are the characteristics you'd see in a base-20 number system: special words for 0/1/2/3/4/5/6/.../19 (the digits); special words for 20/400/8000/maybe 160000/... (the place values). No special word for 100, which is the not-obviously-significant value "50". No special word for 1000, which is the even-less-significant value "2A0".

Here are the characteristics you'd see in a base-10 number system: special words for 0/1/2/3/.../9; special words for 10/100/1000/maybe 10000/... .

Here's what French has: special words for 0/1/2/.../16; special words for 10/20/30/40/50/60/80/100/1000/... .

It's quite plain that French uses a base-10 number system with some irregular number names. Is there a society that actually used base 20 numbers?

I also note, in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexagesimal#Usage , that the Sumerians didn't have symbols for 0..59 . They represent large numbers as a series of coefficients of powers of 60, but their "digits" have a base-10 internal structure, precisely as we represent minutes taking one of 60 values today ("6:32"). That suggests to me that the language, as opposed to the number writing system, was probably base 10.
>Remember it's illegal to posses these documents. It's different for the media; everything you're learning about this, you're learning from us

This is terrifying. Like, 1984-style terrifying.
Any other browser support QUIC other then Google Chrome?
I can't say if these points are all right or all wrong, but it certainly made me think. The idea of inertia and nausea really resonated with me.
Checkpoints are routine in the US, in quite a lot of places but particularly near (not just on) the border. Many of the latter racially profile, directing a lot more scrutiny at non-white travelers.
https://repl.it/api is an API to execute arbitrary code in a sandbox from anywhere on the web. People use it to build code interview sites and programming tutorials. Initial customers came from our open source work where I included a link to it.

It's now basically running itself and I don't do much with it because I recently quit my job and made this into a company and I don't see the API being a big part of the business.
That's very cool! Have you looked at OnionCat? I've managed a global LizardFS cluster on a PeerVPN network, overlayed on OnionCat IPv6. Latency is too high for erasure coding or XOR goals, but chunk-replication mode works reliably.
> Can we really say "You only obtained his fingerprint for the purpose of identifying him, you can't use it to unlock the phone"?

That seems to me to be a very reasonable thing to say. It seems to me that we have plenty of mechanism in place to say "you have X, you can use it for Y, and not Z, because using it for Z violates someone's rights". As a super contrived strawman example, if your computer ever gets confiscated by law enforcement, while they may be permitted to search it, they can't just play Fallout 4 or mine bitcoins on it.

Another instance I think is similar in concept: juries are instructed to disregard things (i.e. pretend they don't have a piece of information for the purposes of a trial) all the time, when access to this information would be improper.
Inspecting code generation in Go
Interesting niche. I thought farming had been condensed to large corporations that own a large percent of the production
10 strategies for curbing your startup stress
Accurate measurement is tricky with off the shelf hardware: https://youtu.be/CIRKRzw54Zs
Hi, I'm Roberto and I run http://statimgram.com. We are Buffer for Instagram. We are officially launching this week, but we already have some paying clients using the system.
We had some early press coverage: http://launchdfw.com/2016/07/07/statimgram-fills-void-instag... and I contacted a couple of local advertising agencies. I'm also a professional photographer and this product is something a lot of professional photographers told me they need.
If anyone would like to test Statimgram for free (or have any question), please shoot me an email to roberto@statimgram.com.
Cheers!
Money is simply a means to an end. If you don't know what that end is, it's easy to feel restless, directionless and miserable. ''He who has a why to live can bear almost any how.''
It depends on the specific application and of course your requirements. In general, there two ways to design a ASIC.

The more common approach is called semi-custom design. The idea is to write your gate-level design in VHDL, and simulate it extensively to make sure it works. Once you want your circuit to be realized, you pipe that code to a synthesis tool that does a place-and-route. In a nutshell, the synthesis tool takes each gate, converts it to its transistor layout level design using a standard cell library, and finally routes the gates (or cells) together to realize the connections between them. The tool would then perform a LVS check which makes sure that the layout performs the same function as the HDL code you wrote. Finally, the synthesizer outputs a GDS file which describes the exact layout specifications, including transistor dimensions, spacing, and placement on the silicon die. You send this GDS file to a fab and voila you get a circuit!

The other approach is much less common nowadays in digital circuit design, and is limited to applications where performance is key. It is known as full-custom design. You basically design the circuit at the transistor level by hand, and then simulate it to make sure it works. After that you manually design the layout of that circuit, and as before perform a LVS check. Your EDA tool will package your layout into a GDS file which you again send to the fab for manufacturing.

For example, in a modern CPU, key circuit components such as adders, multipliers, dividers, multiplexers, encoders, flip-flops, and cache memory are usually designed using a full-custom approach for maximum efficiency and performance. Other general circuitry may be designed using semi-custom. It also varies by company. I believe that ARM processors are completely designed using standard cells, not sure about Intel/AMD though.
Members of the media routinely make the argument that they are different from the remainder of the public when it comes to free speech and campaign finance issues; we shouldn't be surprised when they take a similar view of access to information.
Challenge accepted :-)

It should be interesting to see if I can actually abuse Python's meta-programming enough to make it work :-)
The reporter defends his statement on twitter: https://twitter.com/ChrisCuomo

edit: maybe HN will care about CNN collusion with the Clinton campaign...

Larry King on a hot mic telling Bill Clinton that Ted Turner (CNN founder) would "serve" him https://youtu.be/VCUIlV-AKY4

CNN reporter Donna Brazile gave town hall question in advance https://wikileaks.org/podesta-emails/emailid/5205

CNN edits HRC speech http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-09-18/cnn-edits-out-tired...

CNN coaches "independent" focus group before interview https://youtu.be/jz5Jtz74CUU

For those who would dismiss this as conspiracy theory, none of this stuff is remotely "out there." This is just what's on tape and record.

This kind of stuff makes me genuinely afraid for the future of the American people and western democracy.
Ask HN: Why isn't Hacker News open-source?
Wikipedia says "Media (the singular form of which is medium) is the collective communication outlets or tools that are used to store and deliver information or data".

Hmmm so basically these media people are just tools :)
This sounds more like gross incompetence than anything
Project Manager-Creative and Innovative Man in Management
It's not necessarily that falsifiability is important, but that these studies claim it to be so, and yet aren't.
I might find it useful if I could block myself from checking those sites more often than x minutes each, rather than blocking them off entirely on a set schedule.
What do you mean by less processed meat?
It does happen by mistake. My apartment was raided by police and I know four others who have been raided too. In two of those cases, the people who were raided had nothing to do with any kind of illegal activity. The other three were drug related, of course.