skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I saw the matrix after I first implemented a virtual machine. I recommend everyone does it because it will teach you a lot about how code is executed and transformed from the syntax to the actual assembly/bytecode. A stack based virtual machine is so simple it takes a lot of thinking to understand how they work. (or maybe I'm just not that smart).

It's interesting that he implemented function calls via a jump. In my VM a function is just mapped to a name (variable), so functions are first class. When the VM gets to a CALL instruction, it loads the bytecode from the hash table (via a lookup of the name).

Since this is a procedural language where statements can be executed outside of a function, implementing the functions as a jump would be difficult because there would need to be multiple jumps between the function definition and statements that aren't in a function.

I really wish my CS program had a compilers class, but unfortunately they don't, so I had to learn everything on my own.
As I said, I use recaptcha to prevent bots, which would also include preventing phishing.

Ultimately, if you are writing A SaaS you have to roll your own at some point, but I agree it shouldn't include things like key derivation functions.

Maybe I'm dense, but I just don't see how enforcing password strength on both the client and server is making me safer from hackers.
> That's wrong. The options had an actual price. Granted, it was a low price, Cooperman bought them back at an average of $0.07, having sold for $1.32.

He's not wrong, he was pointing out that almost all the potential profit had been realized, but there was still a way to lose it all. With numbers: they already made 95% of possible profit, but were able to lose 100%. It makes sense to close a position like that out and is indeed commonplace. Most shops don't like that type of negative asymmetric risk.

However, what they didn't do is roll them forward to keep the short position, that's also a common technique.
Michael gave a fantastic talk at Hope this year titled "how to torrent a pharmaceutical" where he made Daraprim on stage for only a few cents. Its defingely worth watching: http://livestream.com/internetsociety3/hopeconf/videos/13073...
Thats like saying pirated software exposes the greed of software companies. I don't think that anybody believes that EpiPens themselves are very expensive at all - just like software, the cost comes from the cost of development, which in this market consists mostly of regulatory compliance and approval. If it were easy to bring an epinephrin injector to market, Teva would have already done so and Sanofi wouldn't have had to recall theirs. If there were more auto injectors on the market, the prices would go down.

The outrageous price of EpiPens is not a result of corporate greed so much as a failure of the FDA and Congress - but mostly Congress, the FDA is their subordinate. They failed to promogulate rules that maintained a competitive market for epinephrin auto injectors.
It was my understanding that Google banned non-Google in-app payments from the Play store. This has certainly stifled a lot of innovation, and basically leaves pre-loading and side-loading as valid distribution methods, neither of which are ideal. Historically I think that was partly to remove carrier billing as an option (Google and device manufacturers wanted to 'own the customer' instead of letting the carrier do it, which is traditional in the US). I know this as I am one of the few people in the world who has written an from-scratch in-app payment solution for Android that was actually widely deployed (US carrier-billing for T-Mobile and AT&T via a pre-loaded app on intial generation Samsung Galaxy series devices). Here in China, Google Play is blocked, there are at least five different app markets that come pre-installed on various vendors' phones, and we mostly all use WeChat payment and just routinely download APKs from the browser. It is normal for browser-downloaded APKs not to request permissions though. whereas fintech stuff well written may need quite a few permissions. I suspect Google has already made this hard.
Or with different desktop GUI toolkits for different languages: C++ w/Qt, C++ w/ wxWidgets, wxPython, Perl/Tk, Python +Tkinter, Delphi, Lazarus, or many other lang/toolkit combos. Even many BASICs have that ability built-in (from the early days of personal computers).
It is not the categorization itself that particularly caught my attention so much as the observation that many people would rather be envious than, say, optimistic:

> the latter of the four types, Envious, is the most common, with 30% compared to 20% for each of the other groups.

See also: Why are Adults so busy? https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12494999
For many years, an important stage of the GHC Haskell compiler consisted of a giant Perl script full of regexes.

http://code.haskell.org/ghc-scp/ghc/docs/comm/the-beast/mang...
Mr. Shkreli is the guy responsible for the increase of cost in the antimarial drug.

Mrs. Bresch justified the increase of cost on the Epipen.

(Just making a note so that there is no confusion over who is responsible)
Funny, I knew GLR but I had never heard of GLL. Thanks for writing this!
If the current price of the EpiPen isn't due to corporate greed, then why did the price used to be significantly lower?
Should be wearing gloves and preserving sterile field for making something injectable.
A file is still a database, it's often simply a worse one. Go with sqlite instead of generating PHP files for storage.
> - there is no "unique and consistent to ME/CFS sufferers" dysfunction, except perhaps in HPA axis (the main stress system) responsiveness (but even this is somewhat up for debate).

This is at odds with the current scientific consensus. Table 1 of "Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria" (2011) describes one primary dysfunction (postexertional neuroimmune exhaustion) and several secondary dysfunctions [1].

Furthermore, post-exertional malaise, which is similar to postexertional neuroimmune exhaustion, has been described as a "hallmark" symptom of ME/CFS at least as far back as 2007 [2].

[1] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011....

[2] http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J092v14n02_07
It's not sadistic; it's neutral. Nature is the only guard. It's not poorly run; it's not run at all. This is nearly the very definition of exile, so I'm not sure where your confusion comes from. Perhaps you feel throwing them into a desert is inhumane? Fine, then fence off part of a jungle or plains with a river or something else more comfortable. Build some basic infrastructure if necessary.
The government doesn't run the clinical trials. The FDA only makes a few million per approval request which is supposedly used to expedite the approval process:

http://blogs.plos.org/workinprogress/2012/01/25/how-much-mon...
It's fair to say scientists have cast doubt on the theory but I don't think it has been completely discredited[1]? I could be wrong, so any elucidation would be great.

At least it's an interesting thought. Or maybe it's just wistful thinking.

[1]https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2011/09/18/how-big-...
You seem to be looking at this through a somewhat unusual prism.

You and I both "know how" to eat discarded food out of a trash dumpster.

But absent some truly compelling reason, we wouldn't choose to do so, right?
No, it is a modest proposal.
The whole combined nonlinearity could be one "toaster gamma" function, mapping from cooking time values to darkness level.
So they shut down a node, the node operator notices and restarts it.

The problem is that people actually make money from malware. It's not bored college kids showing off skills. It's pros.

So think like a pro. You use a zero day to hack into Verizon to feed malware, get noticed, and your hack gets reversed after an hour.

You open an exit Tor node on a VPS, use it to feed malware, profit. They close it, you re-open it on another host. They play wack-a-mole, and you rake it in.
Discover the 17th-Century Science Fiction of Margaret Cavendish
I believe the CEO answered that questions here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12550520
My folks are like that too. They never experienced any psychic or physic trouble at any point in their 70 years long life, so they cannot fathom that people may strongly suffer from any of these problems, which are in their opinion not real problems and can be solved with cheering up and making an effort, because that's how they solved their own 5-minute 'problems'.
I feel like a lot of the commenters here didn't read the article.

> Four Thieves Vinegar have created and uploaded the plans for the simple version, called the Epipencil. Also spring loaded, the parts are gathered over the counter. The epinephrine will still need to be acquired with a prescription.

This still involves an FDA-approved drug obtained through normal channels; the DIY part is the injector.

Creating DIY medical drugs would certainly be something to be concerned about, but I don't see the problem with DIY medical tools.
More of a grey area than lobbying to make it illegal for schools to not stock epipens and then jacking the price up 400% and giving yourself a 671% pay raise? Not to mention the CEO is a senators daughter.

Costs should cover R&D but this is outright greed and in an industry where it's literally peoples lives at stake it can't be allowed to continue.

http://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-08-24/the-se...
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/aug/24/epipen-ceo-...
How does it compare to the Dragon Book?
Somewhere there are graphs or tables of retention vs. read/storage/write temperatures.
Common Claims About Proposition 13 [pdf]
Hmmm. I think the interaction where it says that it is not yet available in my area and to try again with a New York address could be improved a little.

Go ahead and let me enter in my information and put me in some sort of potential new location queue-- get enough people near / around me, and you can start to decide where to support next.

Just a thought.
Thanks, this post has been converted through several different blog engines over the years and I hadn't noticed the rendering was broken until now. It's meant to look more like https://zach.se/project-euler-solutions/48/.
TIL that an "autoject" is an inexpensive self-injection tool commonly used by diabetics[1] that can be carried safely and used easily. It can be loaded with Insulin, or with any drug whatever. The OP article describes using it to inject epinephrine, stating that

> A 1mL vial of epinephrine costs about $2.50... Doses range from 0.01mL for babies, to 0.1mL for children, to 0.3mL for adults.

In other words, if your doctor will give you a prescription for the drug itself, you could assemble three epipen equivalents for less than $100.

[1] https://smile.amazon.com/AJ-1311-Autoject-Injection-Removabl...
The Essence of the Blockchain
Unrelated to OP, this was a huge concern when pokemon go came out.

However, it turned out not to be the case. http://www.techinsider.io/how-much-data-is-pokmon-go-using-2...

about 3mb/hr, light relative to most photo/video heavy social apps.
The problem isn't "should we have regulation at all," but rather what is the right level of regulation. It is quite possible that the current burden of proof is too high in many cases. If drugs were made more broadly available sooner, it would likely save many lives. But also it would also likely cost some. Do we currently use the correct threshold?

There is certainly evidence that since regulatory bodies get tons of flack for letting through bad drugs, but aren't imposed on that much for slowing down the process, they incline to being risk adverse. We also have evidence of outcomes in Europe where the regulatory regimes differ and seem to approve things faster with outcomes that aren't generally worse than the US.

I highly doubt we have the optimal regulatory solution at present and could do much better. And if anything we have standards that are too high.
Tracing and Analyzing Renamed/Copied Files in Bitbucket Server
How did the "royal we" arrive at this "reasoning?"

If popularity were a valid signal of importance, people should only express their eternal love for PHP and Javascript, and ignore computer science, functional programming languages, computer engineering and little-known-but-really-fucking-important packages.

Call me ageist, but code churn and labeling projects "dead" adds nothing in the context of portable code which has matured to the point stability; there's zero functional value added in refactored code being "new." Ongoing support, adding features and keeping pace with platform compatibility are separate issues from judging code to be "inferior" despite working because it's "old." What may seem "dead" to people whom don't know about particular packages but may well just be stable and resting very quietly because it just works.
>Also, store opening times are nowadays unregulated in Finland.

Well, that was a very recent change. But I don't know if that's very representative of Nordics in general, I know that shopping hours have been deregulated in Sweden for a quite long time.
> corporate greed

Can we please give blame where it's due? http://slatestarcodex.com/2016/08/29/reverse-voxsplaining-dr...
The recent and tremendous price hike of the Epipen contradicts this line of reasoning. I don't see anything pointing to regulatory or compliance costs being behind this.
> We like to say that Lemonade is the oldest new idea!

I think that the OP is drawing issue with the fact that the title described it as "the world's first P2P insurance."
I once corresponded with someone who wrote his own working TCP/IP stack for his own home PC, an IBM PC Jr.

See Mike's PCJr page near end of this post:

http://jugad2.blogspot.in/2012/09/lissajous-hippo.html
It's really hard to find the sweet spot for drug approval. You want to avoid problems like this, but you also want to avoid approving the next thalidomide. (Which, incidentally, killed thousands of infants in Europe but was never sold in the US, because of the same strict FDA rules.)
> but I don't see the problem with DIY medical tools

A lot of thought goes into achieving dosage that is reliably correct and consistent between applications, not to mention when applied by non-pros.

Not to say that I know whether this design achieves this, but administering the drug properly seems almost as important as the drug itself.

And you don't f with severe allergic reactions.
Expensify runs on a custom Paxos implementation and SQLite
If it's new to me then why should I care? Why is new ipso facto good? And what are some examples of theme parks?

I know a lot of people who go out in the wilderness any chance they get but if that's not your thing, there are plenty of ways to get right to the basics even in day to day life.

And if novelty is what you're seeking, anything new to you is novel. You're not the first person to climb a mountain but if it's your first time, it's a novel experience. New is overrated. The supply of novelty is unlimited right now.

If I'm going to be derivative then this serves: "I've got 99 problems and 'there's nothing to do anymore' ain't one of them."

If you think this is boring, you probably don't remember life before the Internet... :-)
ah, yes. but does it have the synergies to topple entrenched oligarchies at google scale?

wait... "revive modes of social interaction that used to be commonplace..." oh, i get it... you're bringing back slavery and world war.

can i invest?
True enough. But there is still an element of detachment involved. It seems surreal.
Drugs vs Chairs – why the epipen is so expensive
Without intending to derail this thread into a boring old argument, religion isn't really about truth.

Mixture of identity tied up with other issues - the people that critically take a look a this kind of thing don't end up religious. All that's left are people that rationalize it or just don't think about it.

More egregious examples exist.
Beyond Recognition: What Machines Don't Read
Others are correct that this article is of very low quality.

But that doesn't change the fact that data caps are arbitrarily set cash-grabs and should be either abolished entirely on both home and mobile plans, or should be regulated to have consistent costs that are tiered sanely, rather than the current "friendly allotment, arm-and-leg overage" model.
The trick being that you need a larger needle to inject the epinephrine and they discuss how you can combine two syringes to get the larger needle.
You're so incredibly naïve.

Just one example: look at states which charge overly-prosectured minorities parole fees (often for unpaid tickets and other civil matters) and reimprison them if they are unable to pay these extortionist taxes.
The conclusion reminded me of the "unicode sandwich," i.e. decode on data load, process in a pure form, then encode before writing to disk.
I just checked and here in China you can buy 10x1mg doses of epinephrine (which is actually adrenalin) over the counter/online for 4元 ($0.6USD) ... https://world.taobao.com/search/search.htm?sort=price&_ksTS=...

That means the epinephrine (adrenalin) itself is essentially free. What do they charge in the US/Europe/Australia?
Yes but the FDA makes all the rules necessary to put barriers for new entrants, rendering the existing pharma companies as state sponsored monopolies in practice.
It's what the traffic will bear.

The cost is in the patented injector, the drug itself is cheap. Others have tried to market similar injectors, which didn't work as well as the Epipen.

As cost slowly rose, insurance paid for it, and parents didn't notice it as it was hidden in rising insurance premiums. Then deductibles skyrocketed, and suddenly insurance wasn't covering it all; parents had to pay the balance, or all of it.

If you didn't have insurance, you already watched it go up as it happened.

Finally the cost was raised arbitrarily, to cover the company's coming losses as their patent on the delivery system will expire. This, I've read recently, is common: a spike in price before generics take over.

The traffic bears this price, because parents don't want their kids to die from accidental exposure to peanuts and other allergens.
Ha. So I do. So much for my maths degree. :P
Its not much of a hack
- take a medically approved auto injector
- take a medically approved needle
- put the needle on a different syringe
- put the syringe in the injector

It's still all medical grade parts isn't it?
That's 2.35 GB vs 2.26GB - how is that 5%
SendGrid wrapper NPM package for email alert error sending
The CEO of Mylan is a Senators daughter, they lobbied to pass a law to make schools carry epipen when it passed they jacked the prices up, the CEO also gave herself an $18,000,000 raise immediately afterwards. That IS corporate greed, the very definition.
There used to be a lot of interest in, and articles about, stack machines (real ones, not VMs) back in the days of mags like BYTE and PC Mag. Good reading.
> Also new in 3124 is Show Definition, which will show where a symbol is defined when hovering over it with the mouse. This makes use of the new on_hover API, and can be controlled via the show_definitions setting:

Is this just an API hook which a plugin can add a definition resolver to, or does this automatically find definitions for all builtin languages? If the latter, this is super cool!

If the former, I'm going to try and update https://packagecontrol.io/packages/YcmdCompletion for this

-----

Edit: omg works out of the box. Seems to be a simple grep-based thing (so it lists all definitions of the same name), but that's still quite useful!
Very expensive rack mounted enterprise equipment exists, and there are also these guys: https://www.css-timemachines.com/product/time-machines-preci...

They have anything you need. Simplest is their WiFi clock which just syncs off NTP already on your LAN, but they can set you up with GPS sync too.

You can find at least some of their stuff on Amazon if you search.
Yes, it's the patented injector with precise and reliable dosing that is the cost. Mis-dosing can kill.
That doesn't seem too improbable actually. I think that IDE's for designing genetic circuitry aren't far away.
> That's not 2 billion dollars

The Manhattan project cost about $2B in 1940s money; equivalent to around $26B today.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project
Open source icon set made with pure css, interactive showcase
Pretty neat. I wondered why you could just use an autoinjector like diabetics use (answer you need a larger diameter needle). Still easily doable and its all off the shelf made by medical device manufacturers and drug makers so not so much "DIY" as "repurposing existing medical gear to be more versatile".
It works on the honour system. Rigorous enforcement is more difficult and annoying than its worth.

If you continue to use the evaluation copy after you're done evaluating it, nobody's going to stop you, but it is a little dishonest.
My understanding is you're still supposed to attend an ER after administration if an epi pen because it's a "so you don't die immediately" stop gap.

At least according to my last first aid course in Australia. At best you skip needing an ambulance
You know that's probably what they're getting at, but you have to admit it's dangerous to present their point in this way. I don't think it's a stretch to argue that if you offer an instruction manual for making something, some people will make it (and some of them will do so incorrectly).
I feel like it's a bit of a poor comparison on the basis that an ER visit's primary purpose isn't the same as an Epipen's primary purpose. Ultimately, they can achieve the same goals, but we're not doing a direct comparison of costs.

Using all of the other costs and aspects of an ER visit to justify a price increase of Epipens feels dishonest; I do realize that ERs are largely being misused in the US as general health care, but the E is supposed to be for emergency, and the cost comes from the support required to adequately respond to emergency situations.

Given that I was under the impression that if you have a situation where you need an epipen you're supposed to seek medical care anyways [1], I'm not sure how this reasoning of "it lowers costs" really plays out, since it seems to me like it's just hiking up the price of an already bad situation. I don't see this as particularly beneficial to anyone other than the sellers of epipens.

[1] I must note, my only reference to this is my own fractured knowledge from when I had a friend that required an epipen and reading the instructions for administration. This was a long time ago though and I don't particularly trust my own memory.
> Creating DIY medical drugs would certainly be something to be concerned about, but I don't see the problem with DIY medical tools.

The FDA does see a problem, though, which is why other companies have had a huge amount of difficulty trying to bring competitors to the epipen to market (in the US).
Other big grownup companies have tried to make a precise injector, and not done nearly as well as Epipen. It's not just a needle in front of a spring. (I haven't read the article, it won't load atm.)
I find it difficult to relate to you. I have been an active internet user since 1997 and have never used flickr a lot and don't feel I will miss anything if it goes away. Also, if Flickr is such a seminal piece of property, its usage would have been through the roof which is clearly not the case.
Yes - it was popular during its heydays but now it is just another photo storing/sharing app.
Welcome. :) Here's the link to first paper I saw I think:

http://dotat.at/tmp/gll.pdf