skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> > Pure majoritarianism is one means of operationalizing the concept of "democracy", but its one that's pretty much been rejected as an undesirable means of doing so for, at least, most of the modern era.

> Even in ancient Athens, with direct democracy, decisions were taken through majority-rules voting.

"Ancient Athens", you will note, significant predates the modern era, and illustrates nothing about what has been rejected in that era.

> Nor has any modern democracy (at least one operating at larger scale than your local food co-op) ever rejected "operationalizing" democracy through majoritarianism.

You dropped the word "pure"; yes, most modern democracies incorporate some majoritarian elements, and yet, they almost universally reject pure majoritarianism where policies are decided by whichever preference gains an infinitesimal degree greater than 50% support in the general public.

Indirect democracy itself its a deviation from pure majoritarianism, and most modern democracies operate largely or entirely as indirect, representative democracies.

Bicameralism in which one house has longer terms or indirectly (or un-) elected members, or staggering elections within a single house, is a further departure from pure majoritarianism within an indirect democracy (and some forms of this are quite common in modern democracies.)

The idea of fundamental limitations on the powers of government that require something more than the normal legislative process (which itself usually resembles majoritarianism, within the legislative body) -- whether it is confirmation by additional bodies, supermajority votes within the same bodies, or multiple votes within the same bodies separated by a specified time interval -- is a further departure from pure majoritarianism (and one frequently adopted by modern democracies.)

Representation models that are not strictly tied to population, such as ones where subunits are given equal representation irrespective of population, are another departure from pure majoritarianism.

Models in which officials at any level are elected by an intermediate body rather than the public at large, (and, a fortiori, those where the body itself is not apportioned strictly proportionally to population) -- such as an "electoral college" -- are further departures from pure majoritarianism.

Every modern democracy (on the national scale, at least) departs from pure majoritarianism through some degree of indirect democracy, and virtually all depart from pure majoritarianism in other ways (most adopt some of the departures previously discussed in this post, some -- e.g., the U.S., adopt all of them.)

> The only people who reject majoritarianism are a tiny number of "theory"-steeped leftist academics

This is radically untrue. Rejection of pure majoritarianism is not only not limited to either leftists or academics (much less the intersection of those groups in "leftist academics"), its probably more common and more strong among theorists of the right than of the left.
"Refuse to update" well yes, I would too, refuse to do something that is notoriously breaking a lot of working stuff for no known benefit. For example java applets developped for IE6 that is vital, because it drives the 10 years old exotic scanner, and nobody dares touching it.
Good essay on the "semi-random acts of kindness can be paid back a hundredfold", but one thing I've noticed is that there are few sales channels that are worse than the ones for cellphones. Only bad experience my family has had on eBay was an iPhone who's cell radio didn't work (the rest did, including WiFi), and somehow the seller gamed eBay into screwing my father out of $300+ dollars.

And you can just tell from the reviews and seller feedback that Amazon is not immune to this, I pretty much wouldn't buy a cellphone through them, unless it was directly from them, I'd, in the US, for example, go to B&H Photo Video first (see Joel On Software's essay on them for how serious they are about customer service, although that was written years after I started patronizing them).

That said, I and my father have each bought a cell phone through Amazon without problem, back in 2012-3.
Fungus in humans identified for first time as key factor in Crohn's disease
Title doesn't seem to match what I got from the article. It's more about eating local, less-processed foods, and ways you can learn more about what goes into your diet and how it's produced.

I like the premise, and I try to eat that way, but, like most things, life gets in the way. I'd love to be able to meet every engineer that designed my car, or read over every piece of code that I use, or follow how each piece of wood goes into my furniture, but it's just impractical. Yes, I think we as a society can easily make a better effort towards that goal, but sometimes all I have time for in a day is a quick burger, then back to work/hobby/etc.
Breaking Taboo, Swedish Scientist Seeks to Edit DNA of Healthy Human Embryos
Good, thoughtful blog post. I think we will need much better understanding of neural structures and processes that happen in nature, better algorithms that approximate those processes, and much better hardware.

That said, non-biologically inspired approaches work better than biological neural processing, for some types of problems.
I find the claim about there being no rational actors a bit odd. If that's the case, then how do economies work at all? At some level, most people must be able to act in their own interest to some degree.
SASS is almost a decade old [0] and has been in wide-spread use for a long time. The tool churning you talk of is something I have only seen in JS land to such a degree.

Moreover, the barrier to entry to learning SCSS/LESS is really low if you know CSS.

[0] https://github.com/sass/sass/tree/4acf5158734013f08fca4be6e2...
Have you thought about doing more targeted swing state matches?

I did a vote swap in 2004 using a similar system. I voted for the Badnarik (L) in MA, and someone in MO voted for Kerry (D). We did talk on the phone beforehand, to get a sense of each other's politics, and I did what I promised. No guarantees that he did, and Kerry ended up losing MO pretty hard anyways.
To me, the requirement of a valid email address is equivalent to a signup.

Good luck.
Speed Optimizations in Bitcoin Key Recovery Attacks [pdf]
Searching for bugs in Mono: there are hundreds of them
5 Key Questions About Validating and Launching a Business Idea, Answered
See also: Our Culture of Exclusion (2012): https://web.archive.org/web/20130808111450/http://ryanfunduk...
Similar, yes. It works through good old natural selection of generations, just on a faster scale.
I enjoyed this visualizable antibiotic resistance happening. http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/08/health/giant-petri-dish-antibi...
Your assertion has never been observed with any certainty that could withstand normal scientific inquiry; not even this experiment gives such certainty:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._coli_long-term_evolution_ex...
Yeah, but I think other people are handling that. There was an article in the NYT about doing it (http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/16/opinion/anti-trump-republi...).
Ask HN: How do you define a junior developer?
For a web development position that requires basic knowledge of HTML, CSS, JavaScript companies can easily find junior developers, people with little to none experience in programming. But for system programming, how can you define a junior? Is it a person with experience as a programmer in other languages (say Ruby) but little to none experience in the language of the offer (say C++)? Or can someone without any programming experience at all find a job as a C++, Scala, Swift, Go developer?
I like the project, but I really don't like applescript. In programming languages, it seems there is a tension between easy-to-write and easy-to-read. And I suppose a fork in the continuum with easy-to-read-for-novices and easy-to-read-for-programmers.

applescript went overboard on the easy-to-read-for-novices at severe cost to easy-to-write.
Some people put on weight under stress, some lose weight under stress.

Humans vary more than some people seem to think.
As far as I can tell, patched OpenSSL packages for affected Debian/Ubuntu releases are not yet available.

https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2016-6304

https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2016/CVE-2...
Even leaving in the leftist trolling on the list, I know more programmers who would question many of those items than I know economists who would.
This always comes up with OSS projects, that there's another project with the same name. But the reality is there are only a limited number of names to pick from, and an unlimited number of projects. That's why we went to names like Tumblr and Flickr for a while. But if you think Apple is a unique name, you might be surprised: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Corps_v_Apple_Computer
There is no need to meet the current demand for meat. If meat was our only food source, then perhaps this syllogism you've drawn would be true.

But in reality, meat is an inefficient form of producing food, with complements humans can easily shift to. So the way you get less antibiotic use in livestock in a capitalist decision market is by reducing the demand for livestock. Taxes do a great job at reducing demand.
How We Got Here: DNA Points to a Single Migration from Africa
VGA passthrough is also possible with KVM. I wonder if Oracle has any plans to add it to VirtualBox? It seems they have made room for KVM support, so in theory they could.

I have seen all OSX versions from Leopard to El Capitan successfully running as a VB guest, but the graphics support has always been bad, since there are no Guest Additions for OSX (BTW this also means no bidirectional clipboard, drag & drop of files, etc..)
CppCon 2016: Bjarne Stroustrup “The Evolution of C++ Past, Present and Future”
So as usual, the most significant damage is not from radiation, but from fear of radiation.
This joke isn't working for me. Is it working for anybody else?
Classification with pre-trained weights? Yes.

https://keras.io/applications/
Rusty patched bumble bee proposed for U.S. endangered species status
> As buybacks surged in 2014, Hampton Creek expensed about $1.4 million under this unusual category over five months, compared with $1.9 million of net sales in the period.

Hmm.....

I actually had to take a course in business ethics and the first rule we were taught was, if you wouldn't feel comfortable getting on the phone and telling your share holders what you are doing then its probably wrong.

> Javier Colón was an operations manager at Hampton Creek from 2012 until Tetrick fired him in 2013. They sparred, Colón says, over Tetrick’s attempts to change some employment contracts without the workers’ consent

If you've ever been responsible for a Pnl unit, much less an entire company, then you'll understand the crushing pressure you are under to make numbers. Sooner or later you'll have to decide if committing outright fraud is worth it.

I'm guessing that the management had good intentions when they started out. And the fraud started small, just buy a few cases to juice the quarters numbers, and it slowly spirals out of control.

Once you compromise your ethics, its hard to put hte genie back in the bottle.
From the image at the front of Josh Tetrick with mayo on his face, this seems like a hit piece designed more to take down Josh and Hampton Creek than to inform the public. There are legitimate conversations to be had about how Hampton Creek runs its business, but this piece doesn't sit well with me.
This sounds totally sane -- and the best way and most flexibile way to go about it, not crazy.

Highlight colors should be the responsibility of highlight themes, and users should be able to change them by changing the theme they use or adjusting it to their taste, not by ...hacking into a plugin that hardcodes them.

At best you could argue that the plugin could be allowed to hardcode a color, and themes could optionally override it -- but even that breaks separation of concerns.

Even if it was crazy (which it is not) it's a tiny part of ST (just how the syntax highlighting works), and wouldn't be proof of any general "crazy architecture" of the editor.
I really like the side by side comparisons here: https://www.scala-js.org/
Your doctor friend is incorrect. Unused traits will be lost eventually through the accumulation of random mutations. In order for a trait to form and be stable in an organism, selection pressure must not just be applied... it must be maintained.

This backwards process is actually observable. Many fish living in underground caves have lost their eyes through evolution. While eyes don't aid a fish in surviving in the dark, they certainly don't hinder the fish from surviving either... Yet cave fish have lost their eyes despite the lack of negative selection pressure.
I tend to agree. Image classifiers and such appear much more powerful than they really are. People assume 'Oh, this computer knows what a Banana is!'. No it doesn't, It has no conception whatsoever of physical objects, texture, taste, smell or even the 3D shape of Bananas or anything else. It only works with 2D pixel data, and subtle manipulation of the image in ways barely detectable to humans can make even the best Banana classifier ever misidentify a car crash as a Banana. It's skipping directly from image to identification, without the intervening stages a human has in the real world of identifying shape, orientation, texture, relationship to other 3D objects and the ability to test a possible identification by utilizing other senses and interactions. Even for 2D picture we build mental models of the scene in ways image classifiers flat out don't and can't.

Reinforcement learning is really interesting though for several reasons. Algorithms like this and genetic algorithms can 'grow' sophistication far faster than we can program it. The agent takes actual actions that it learns from directly so there's richer feedback. Furthermore by analyzing them we can learn more about how systems learn across multiple problem types to achieve goals requiring multiple layers of sense, analysis, hypothesis, action and feedback.

No one approach is going to get this done. The brain consists of many layers and cortical columns, with many structures specialized for very different functions. I believe any strong AI will need to have such an architecture using various different approaches and techniques in concert. We have an advantage here because evolution only had neurons to work with so in the brain everything is a neuron but we can engineer whatever hardware or software implementation is most efficient for a specific function. It's till going to take probably another few generations though at least.
Basically the same problem Python suffers from. You can omit block symbols from the language, but you still need a way to express an empty block.
Now research the current state of the fund, there is a bit of controversy going on right now. The governor has unilaterally limited the payout this year and a lot of folks aren't happy.
you probably won't see countries giving up their electricity production and importing power from overseas - the main reason is politics.

Importing a whole country's power consumption is probably a bit much in terms of required infrastructure (except for the microstates which already do this), but smaller links are already present and make economic sense. I don't think the politics of energy security are an obstacle if the price is right.
That's what I'm a bit afraid of - that it will feel awkward to people without prior Python experience. I have spent a considerable amount of time developing in Python, so the way empty interface is written looks natural to me.
Have a question about source file date on GitHub, how come this is correct? Last commit on Jan 26 (2016).

Latest commit 476ae8b on Jan 26 @kholia kholia PoC

then all the files are showing created 22 days ago as of today (09/22/2016):

pbzx-src	PoC	22 days ago
I use messenger.com more often than I use Facebook at this point. I know it's not technically a desktop app but you could probably set up a shortcut with something like (assuming chrome. Don't know if FF has the same feature)

"path\to\chrome\chrome.exe" --app=https://www.messenger.com

Edit: Actually testing that, that's actually pretty neat. I'm going to do that when I get home!
I have a little bit of insight into what you guys are up to from a good friend of mine who was there from almost day zero.

I also know enough about the project to know it is a serious and daring effort and there is every reason to be proud of it.

The development cluster alone is something very special to be part of.

Hope you are enjoying it
well, these are the guys US is quietly supporting, by not doing enough to deal any real damage to them (just compare the force used to invade Iraq and effort to attack IS, it's a joke that is hard to ignore).

In this conflict, Turkey and Saudis are the evil, both very good friends of US, doing whatever they feel is necessary in their puny little power games. Economy flows via Turkish border who doesn't do anything and supposedly profits handsomely from it (Erdogan's son to be more precise with oil, his daughter is building hospitals for IS fighters... just wow). Turkey for me became next evil power (nothing against most of their citizens, although their seemingly blind support for Erdogan's dictatorship is sad but another story).

Wanted to go there to climb Mt Ararat, but hell will freeze sooner than me pouring a single euro into that dictatorship's economy. Idea of this country joining EU is beyond any joke.

At least those are my information, I wish I would be wrong about those guys.
Thank you for educating me on the statistics. I was indeed speaking from experience. Is your experience different from what I described?
Here's another one: https://github.com/facebookresearch/deepmask
And the most significant benefit is awesome photographs...
If they found a yahoo employee credentials in the linkedin hack (or vice-versa) then they don't need a million accounts, just those credentials.

"Hackers who used an employee’s password, re-used from the LinkedIn breach, to access Dropbox’s corporate network and steal the user credentials" - from a unnamed source quoted in a techcrunch article.

So maybe they also managed to traverse from linkedin to Yahoo or Yahoo to linkedin through similar password re-use.
I read the name "Have" as "Haxe" [1] and thought it was a subset of their cross-platform toolkit. I cannot think of many use cases (a transpiler for a system programming language) because Go in itself is very simple, which is one of the main reasons so many developers from other communities have switched, because with a short list of reserved keywords, C-like syntax, and simplicity of its standard library people can do amazing things.

At least it will provide Generics [2] ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

Would you use a project like this? If yes, for what?

[1] https://haxe.org/

[2] http://havelang.org/post/for_gophers/#generics
I don't think the grid is going away any time soon, but its pricing structure could well change to reflect the new realities.
Except the problem with malaria was actually the availability of funding. The solution was known, just not implemented. Totally different.

Zuckerberg could do a decent job combatting a lot of disease by dumping money into poverty reduction efforts, raising overall education and health maintenance etc.
Wonderful. Glad I recently added OCSP support to servers. Arg!

So does this affect TLSv1.2 only servers that do NOT support client renegotiation of any type?
The syntax is inspired by Python/Go and the name by Haxe [0].

[0] https://haxe.org/
For a "Me too" , Peru's health ministry (The previous government) did the same on several medications increasing some prices by 18x. Hopefully the just installed government will revert this scam.
A very common joke among children where I live is a word play on "catch up" vs "ketchup".

However, I live in Sweden, and the joke makes avsolutely no sense in swedish. I was 15 before I got it.
It boils down to complexity: Humans are designed to deal with an impossibly complex world. We have shortcuts that have developed to do so, called emotions, biases, gut feelings, instincts and so on. It is easy enough to manipulate these shortcuts, making a rational person act in a way most people would regard as irrational. This is called marketing, propaganda, gas-lighting or The Nobel Lie, depending on context.
It's not controversial that there are funds with high returns over long periods. The problem is that there are also funds with high returns that suddenly nosedive, and new funds from people with high returns in the past that doesn't do well at all.

In other words: it's easy to pick the lottery numbers with hindsight.
Seconded. One of my plethora of hobby projects has been an interpreter or compiler (it changes from month to month) for Common Lisp, for an esoteric platform. It's a huge amount of fun, and I have learnt so much about software from it.
> Tens of thousands of Russian people will die each year because of the greed and corruption

The "because of greed" way of phrasing these things seems like a weird place to stop to me. If a rock falls on your head and kills you, I think it's fair to say you died "because of a rock". That seems like the key difference between your situation and everyone else's, that explains why you _in particular_ just died. But it would be weird to say that you died "because of gravity" or "because of the frailty of man".
Or a blog post.
Besides military (haven't done that in 10+ years), I'm in all those other verticals and more. All desktops now have IE11 (because MSFT pretty much says "you must") and Chrome.
> Thus the democracy problem. So long as people feel they benefit more than they suffer from over-exploitation of the common resource (in this case, the atmosphere, which we use as a dump for our emissions), they will vote against any such tax.

We don't actually get to vote for individual taxes. The world would be an interesting, and quite different, place if you provided the voter with an accounting summary and asked them to choose line items, etc. etc. People currently have little idea how their money is spent and little say in how to change it.
What's with the GIGANTIC title and header fonts on this page. The one on the bottom even has some bouncing animation associated with it.
Yeah, that's also a valid point. I've contributed license PRs to several projects, just so that the next person doesn't need to trawl through the readme or source code to find the one line that specifies the license in the most ambiguous way possible.
> free accident compensation

New Zealand?
The whole point is probably to avoid cascading and issues it creates when you will start to nest different components.
https://www.engadget.com/2016/08/01/uic-solar-co2-fuel/

Last time I saw a electricity to fuel system with a price attached, it was the US Navy's one which could produce gasoline at $6/USgal. Not competitive unless you're in the middle of the sea, which is their intended use case.
Looking at these photos it's sad to see so much of value being abandoned out of unnecessary fear.
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4q920m/askscien...

nice AMA from the experts directly.

First answer:

> First, a lot of antibiotic resistance appears to be driven by the agricultural use of antibiotics as growth enhancers. Thus, we can be savvy consumers and support and be willing to absorb the costs of the efforts to get antibiotics out of the meat industry.

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=livestock+last-resort+a...

Here's a nice batch of results.

It's a well known problem, not some esoteric trivia. It is also the biggest cause of selective pressure, not antibacterial soaps or human medicine misuse of antibiotics.