skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Programming languages have to be (efficiently) executable, specifications can be logical/declarative. E.g. in a specification I can state things like "forall functions, with uncomputable property foo, we have bar". Plenty of things are uncomputable (e.g. quantifiers over natural numbers), but useful in specifications.

There are good and bad specifications, same as for programs. For the semantics of a programming language you could essentially transcribe an interpreter in the form of a structural operational semantics and these are relatively error prone. Instead, you could give an axiomatic semantics, which is a lot more high-level. An equivalence proof between the two gives you a high level of assurance that the operational interpretation you had in mind while writing your interpreter actually means what you think it means.

A recent example, the formal specification of the weak memory model of C11 turned out to be wrong (in the sense that it forbids common compiler optimizations, because programs have access to a time machine), but this was discovered when trying to develop a program logic for C11.

In practice, most broken specifications I have seen were written by people who never really worked in formal verification. I am not aware of a single instance where a piece of formally verified code was broken because of a broken specification. There are cases where the specification had to be extended. E.g. CompCert was initially developed as a whole program compiler and the spec had to be extended for separate compilation. This broke the alias analysis.
Here's the source code, might be worth linking to on the page too: https://github.com/TikalLab/zpder
> some if the more consumer-oriented parts of the Linux ecosystem

I'm scratching my head here. Help me out. I've seen extremely limited consumer take-up of desktop Linux.
I find my natural style tends towards such affectations. Perhaps he's just not trying to apply a writing style after the fashion of "I could have written less but I didn't have enough time".
agreed! This is what we're trying to do with Matrix (https://matrix.org)
Related https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magical_thinking
I suspect a three-letter agency or two may be taking some steps, certainly not impaired by telemetry, backdoors or hording vulnerabilities - all of which I sort of prefer to try and avoid by using the OS and configuration of my choice.
Gödel's incompleteness theorems are more of a theoretical limitation than a practical one.

Roughly speaking, Gödel's incompleteness theorems say that all proof systems for number theory are limited in some way. For example, first-order Peano arithmetic is such a system, and one of its limitations is that it doesn't support transfinite induction. (It doesn't matter if you don't know what it is.) In other words, if you want to translate a mathematical proof to Peano arithmetic, you have to come up with a way to do it without transfinite induction. Sometimes, such in the case of Goodstein's theorem, this is impossible. To prove Goodstein's theorem, you have to choose a stronger proof system to begin with.

So, Gödel's theorems guarantee that no matter how strong you proof system is, there are always number-theoretic statements that are beyond its reach. But for reasons that are not currently completely understood, this doesn't really happen in practice. "Naturally occurring" examples of number-theoretic statements almost always turn out to be provable in surprisingly weak systems.

Instead, you run into practical problems: the theorem is provable in the system, but actually writing out the proof is utterly inconvenient. As an analogy, there are Turing-complete programming languages that don't have the concept of functions. In theory, they are capable of all kinds of computations, but in practice you don't want to use them.

And if, instead of mathematics, we concentrate on proofs of correctness, then this is even less of a practical problem. To quote Leslie Lamport, proofs of correctness "are seldom deep, but usually have considerable detail." The proofs may be long and complicated, but as long as they don't use any kind of ridiculously abstract techniques, they are just the kind of proofs where computers can have an advantage over humans.
Ha, same problem here with an ideapad z500 and Linux Mint, latest NVidia drivers prevent my laptop from booting. Now I have to resort to XServer and adjusting brightness via the command line: xrandr --output LVDS1 --brightness 1.0

But hell it's a great laptop for its price.
Karabiner: compatibility with macOS Sierra
You're willfully refusing to acknowledge the very rational and demonstrably correct decision to not leave Moscow under the circumstances and instead choosing to attack a straw man so you can be a smartass.

If he remains in Moscow, he has near zero chance of being rendered. If he leaves, he is one piece of HUMINT/SIGINT away from being grounded and taken into custody.

I think even a few of the more intelligent dog breeds would be able to choose correctly here.
Many of you may know about how you can squint your eyes to make the images more clearer. Can someone explain why some of these images get a lot more realistic - e.g. the lion [1], the girl [2]..while there is not much improvement for the others - e.g. the barn[3], the small aircraft [4] (or at least that is what I think it is)?

[1] https://camo.githubusercontent.com/0cb3ad89ff63a7fcca22e1f20...

[2] https://camo.githubusercontent.com/37d464fc15376c548a1ecf37a...

[3]https://camo.githubusercontent.com/95f92b2505523e8f23f733bb0...

[4] https://camo.githubusercontent.com/5cc4416030a43025d6861b3e6...
> I generally want a back button that rewinds time

Me too. But not for the browser. For the OS.
Exactly. If you want openness then tell the manufacturers you want openness and people can put their money where their mouths are, however, I still don't believe expecting it as default when exceptionally few people (relatively speaking) ever have or will, is an entirely rational thought process.
Microsoft has already used SecureBoot to 
lock out Linux
 'offer better security' on their phones and tablets. Is it really such a stretch for people to be afraid that they're going to require desktop/laptop vendors to leave SecureBoot on in the future? (and conveniently only recognize the key for Windows?)

Probably our best saving grace against that is how rapidly mobile is cannibalizing the desktop/laptop market. Probably not even worth the antitrust probes in Europe to attempt that anymore.

But I don't blame people for being immensely skeptical given Microsoft's actions on mobile. Best case, we're paranoid, PCs end up fine. Worst case, PCs are locked down, and "I told you so" won't help reverse it.
It was absolutely embeddadble - the KPart was a first-class supported way of using it (widely used in other KDE applications) - and at least somewhat portable (KDE on windows predates WebKit).
I'm always curious what was the budget for such things :)
watch your language
I feel the same way.

I dont feel good about the future. I see that divide between the "haves", and the "have nots" just widening.

I personally think we are living in a bleak time right now.

I felt it was bad in the ninties, but we didn't have a voice.

Sorry--I just see companies exploiting people because they can. I see fees, and fines becoming more than excessive. I see more homeless. I see more escapism through drugs. People don't appear to be experimenting/expanding their minds; they appear to be numbing. It's not just partying like in the 80's. It's complete escapeism?

Plus, I see a complete lack of ethics. I really don't like that whole, "Hay it's legal?". I won't even comment on morality. I have a fake profile of FB, and in all these years I joined one group. I joined an Amish group years ago. I joined because I was genuinely interested in their culture, and found their lack of greed/materialist ambition comforting. And I have a greedy sister who literally stole all her mother's money in a estate matter. She had a multimillion dollar shoe company in Los Angeles, but still needed more money. I guess I am trying to convince myself their are still good people left in this world?

I see too many people pushing my age, and kinda giving up. We work, but we are getting less, and less. Those years between jobs are lengthening. We are being financially squeezed--by anyone who can get away with it.

They say go back to school, and retrain for exactly what?

My hope is Millenials are better people, and do the right thing, but I feel like they won't have much power either.
Teaching Chinese Using Gesture Related Teaching (GRT)
- Ansible lacks proper error handling

- YAML is not a proper programming language

- It's not easy to create reusable "functions". You can include tasks but it can be painful to manage variables, you can depend on roles but everything ends up in separate folders and files.

In retrospect I would prefer to just use Fabric, or use Ansible modules through Python.
The Chrome team removed something that there was agreement across all browsers to deprecate, and which was made optional in a near-finished spec.

Also, it's perfectly typical for drafts to be what implementers are targeting, as plenty of published specs receive almost no errata and any issues in them only get addressed in new revisions.
brew update

brew --version
Are you seriously equating the Novena with Librem? The former is a fully open hardware/software platform built from the ground up with openness and hackability in mind; some assembly required, configure it the way you want to. The latter is a rebranded x86 laptop with Intel's Management Engine firmly embedded and operational; it's a $600 midrange at best laptop being resold with Linux preinstalled for three times the price because it's "open".
it's actually: By centralizing we get rid of redundant cruft!

on edit: And we control the leftover cruft!
Among all the software I use, Homebrew must be the one giving me the least trouble. I have 100 installed packages and I don't remember the last time anything didn't work. Plus, for anything I care about, updates seem to always take less than a day, usually it's almost instantaneous.

In comparison with MacPorts before, it's like night and day. npm/pip/mix/bundler all seem to periodically conspire to waste a few hours of my time (even though I can do that quite well on my own).

NPM being the worst of the bunch. By a lot. About this much:

`tree node_modules`
Classic Linux zealot/fanboy. M$ is evil and the root cause of a problem.

-Evidence?

-It's M$ bruh.
Apple keeps rejecting App Store apps with random words that are “private”
What happened was; an auto-industry was born and lobbied the government to tear down a lot of the tram, bike and rail infrastructure you guys had. Especially in LA.

A similar thing happened in Sydney, Australia, the city had one of the largest tram systems in the world, the director of the motor trade authority was elected into government and made sure that all the tracks were literally tared over, they are still under the roads. The excuse used was that the network was over congested / too popular, and cars would solve the problem, guess what? Sydney is in the middle of putting the tram network back in to solve the car problem :) Melbourne, Australia was spared because it built it's network in the 40's and 50's and it was difficult to persuade the working class that putting in such a newly built system was a good idea. People literally move to Melbourne because of the convenience they provide.

If you're interested Bikes vs Cars (http://www.bikes-vs-cars.com/) is an awesome documentary, it shows that LA even had things called "Bike Highways" at one stage. You will see how people were so negatively influenced by big business lobbying, and from memory outlines why New York was somewhat spared from the fate.

Sounds like you're being told the same stories again either way.
From my experience supporting my colleagues, no.

Linux does not exceed windows at user friendliness.

Stability completely depends on your hardware, distro, and use case.

It has made great strides, and windows is regressing, but it's not done yet.
Thanks to Mike and everyone else that has contributed to Homebrew. I couldn't imagine how difficult it would be managing command line programs on a Mac without it.
> Also, it lacks drag-to-refresh as it does in Chrome. But I can tap the address bar and "enter" of course.

You can also "Menu" > "Reload".
See also: https://twitter.com/steipete/status/777939367482580992

Developers write classes that happen to contain methods or properties like "zip", "granted", "titleForSection" and Apple outright bans the app because somewhere, some internal apple class happen to have a method with the same name.

There is no definite list of banned words anywhere, so developers have to refactor their apps and resubmit and cross their fingers that Apple never used any of their method or property names in secret classes.
Thanks, the last time I looked there was no real support for React in combination with semantic-ui. I will try out this one.
Understanding grid on Semantic UI has been very difficult for me. I just couldn't get it to work. And also there aren't many tutorials. Since I was spending lot of time, I gave up and used Bootstrap, whole thing was finished in 2 hours.
Judging by the preview image for the live stream (yeah, I wish I had more to go on, too), this looks to be a long-haul plan for terraforming mars. I wouldn't hold my breath for the first actual settlements up there.

That being said: Yes. Oh yes. Fuck yes. All my yesses.
How to Destroy an Arduino -– A Tutorial on How to Not Destroy Your Arduino
Yes

For theoretical problems sure, you want to solve that problem, though a lot of solutions rely on analyzing a partial graph with some edges removed

For practical problems, changing the problem might be much cheaper/easier than keeping to the original one
> The estimator used in 1 need not be fully consistent because a) as long as the periods of inconsistency are low (eg, < 10 sec) it won't affect the usage patterns of most accounts

A lot of transactions that need to be reconciled happens without involving 1. e.g. checks and offline card transactions. Even ATMs can often continue to dispense cash when their network is offline, though there arguable 1 applies in the form of maximum withdrawal limits.

But in general I agree with you - their system is built around having accepted, calculated and accounted for the risks rather than try to mitigate every possible risk. Which makes sense because a large proportion of a banks business is to understand and manage risk, and some risks are just happens cheaper to accept than to mitigate via technology or business processes (and the ones that aren't, or aren't any more, are where you'll see banks push new technology, such as making more settlements happens faster and fully electronically)
They also have 'Spaces'.
most clicks go to sites that are on the top of the search results, therefore prioritizing placement due to pageloading speed should be enough of an incentive to most sites. The AMP badge pretends to be an incentive in this way, but the purpose is to extend google lock in.
Worth bearing in mind that this only helps if you are using LINQ against in-memory objects (i.e. LINQ to Objects). Depending on how this detects IQueryable providers it will either skip it, break it or worse of all silently 'work' but pull all the remote data into memory for evaluation. I'm hoping it's skip.
Ask HN: How are you making JavaScript websites (not webapps)
There are plenty of great frameworks for single-pages applications (Angular, Ember, Backbone, ...) that each offer their own interpretations on how to develop. Take Ember for example (only because I am familiar with it). It provides you with all of the scaffolding and plumbing you need for most SPA requirements. It is opinionated on how to structure and build your application and offers tools and abstractions to do so. I like this as it takes a huge number of decisions out of the process when building a new app so that you can concentrate on being productive.

When building vanilla websites though, you are largely left to develop that structure yourself. These websites need Javascript but aren't entirely powered by Javascript. You can use tools and libraries (Grunt, gulp, bower, SASS, coffeescript, ...) but how you use them is really up to you. When the website gets large enough, these home-made solutions generally get complicated and difficult to maintain. There doesn't seem to be a framework or approach aimed at plain websites that don't want single page functionality.

How are you creating your website frontends?
Well yes, but there was also significant outreach effort to get rid of the most egregious IE specifics and show how things could be done better and cleaner with (non IE specific) web standards. And that part was rather successful.
BDR is coming to PostgreSQL 9.6
North Korea accidentally leaked its advertising websites
Rust meets Fedora
I was/am going to buy a Thinkpad T560. Is it affected?
When is it a 'signature edition'?
I do wished they didn't get rid of Toll Takers on the Golden Gate Bridge.

It was nice to cross that bridge with cash, and not have another bill to look forward to. I don't go to San Francisco like I used to either. Now, I only go if I have to.

I really wonder if certain "useless jobs" are as useless as they claim.
This is an incorrect understanding. I personally know someone at Google who is nowhere near "I invented the TCP in TCP/IP" and they make >$300k (but not much more) with just a few years of experience.
Thanks for adding the detail I hoped to get from the article
>i'm surprised Google Duo hasn't become more popular.//

I'm semi-actively looking for alternatives to Skype and hadn't heard of Duo.

I've an Android phone, they jam in so much junk I don't need, surprised not have had a notification of a Google communication app.

Personally I feel the space needs to be democratised badly. We need some way to take control of contacts lists so they can be locally (to the user) synced outside of any app and have a protocol like XMPP that's common across carriers so that [video] chat clients become like PSTN telephones.
Well I think this will be more along the lines, Yes we want to be a multiplanetary species, and this is the rocket that will achieve this.

Go Elon!
Plenty of homeless people will waste it on cigarettes. I'm actually for it. These are precisely those people for which the currently rampant paternalism is NOT helping. It just further communicates that they are no longer worthy of bettering themselves. This attitude is pervasive and exists as a direct reflection of our neo-liberal capitalistic state. It floats around like pollution in the aether between egos and stifles anyone sensitive to it. Once that's happened the means-testing merely communicates that they are being measured and slotted. That anything known of their condition will only be used to humiliate them further; There is no help. I don't have statistics at hand but these people (hobos) largely aren't reproducing. Can they not just smoke and be comfortable? Why are we so desperate to police the abuses of these systems? Making proper use of them is already it's own reward. Let's just allow people to punish themselves for as long as they feel they need to. Without giving them any more evidence that they ought to...
This is very interesting work! Do you have axiomatic semantics for Ivory and Tower, and/or specifications for SMACCMPilot? If so, it might be interesting to show specification preservation from Ivory to the Verified Software Toolchain (I'm just assuming that Ivory targets some C subset compatible with Verifiable C). With the ARM backend of CompCert this would give high assurance right down to the machine code.

In any case, I found your experience report to be very well written and would love to hear more about this project.
I'm really not much of a conspiracy theorist, but such things (which require extensive engineering) do not happen by accident in large companies.
Do Dolphins Have Conversations?
So basically, they ask you to submit obfuscated code?
I resubmit the form approximately always, FWIW.
I was massively underpaid in one of my past jobs, when I found out I just asked for a 25% pay rise, I didn't have another offer back then but was approached by recruiters. Then my boss gave me a 30% pay rise, make me realise I was even more underpaid than I thought, so after that I ask for pay rise every year and get it most of the time.

I didn't have the baggage you have, but if you like your job, ask for a pay rise, if they like you equally, you'll get it, it doesn't always come with a better annual review. Meanwhile prepare to leave for a better company.

a fintech company in nyc, bloomberg? :)
Well, here is you answer: It's not okay to lock down anything.
The website is down, this story deserves it's own website behind a CDN so people can be adequately warned.

win10antitrust.us is available on namecheap.com for $0.88.
As I read and see this, it is not about normal HTML pages. The issue probably is more important for SPAs.

For example, you post something that increases your total message counter, and the URL is changed (single page app: the page is not reloaded, only modified by Javascript), for example showing the new message (think "forum" as an example). If the user clicks "Back" they may get the page-state with the previous counter value, confusing the user. Ideally you would want the counter to be updated.

One can construct similar scenarios for regular web apps/pages where a new page is loaded, but I think the caching behavior is more out of line for SPAs. It comes down to the web serving as app platform and not just as "HTML pages for reading". You don't expect - in an application (compare behavior of a regular non-web application) - that when you go back the GUI may not reflect current state, in an app it always does, even if you go back to a previous form.

I think there will always be misunderstandings because of people who always think of the original web, a bunch of linked pages, and others who see it as (also) an application platform. The requirements needed for either often are fundamentally or sometimes subtly different. Is it ideal that we have a platform that is supposed to do such extremely different things all in one? Maybe not, but I think we actually managed surprisingly well to reconcile two very different concepts and requirements in the "web platform" thus far.

I think it would be valuable for discussion when authors a) state if they are talking about one or the other kind of web platform use b) consider that the other one that they are not talking about also exists and has equal value.
It's a perfect argument for shorter transaction processing times. The bank inconsistency is there because historically it was impossible to guarantee consistency without making the processing times far worse. E.g. want to make a payment via check? Sorry, need to send a courier to the branch holding your account to verify the funds are there, and then afterwards send a courier to inform of the updated account state before another payment would be allowed.

But the shorter you make the processing time, the less benefit you get from introducing consistency requirements, to the point where the thing that is important to address is the remaining cases where processing transactions take time, not the consistency (at least as long as banks also don't take the piss by taking advantage of the lax consistency to charge unwarranted overdraft fees).
Video playback doesn't work even on twitter and vimeo

This is because they use H.264, a patented but common video codec. Chrome includes a licensed decoder for it, but Chromium cannot include that because it's open source. Firefox "solves" this by relying on installed system libraries (for video) and a licensing hack by Cisco (for WebRTC).

Your experience is a pretty good illustration that Chromium is not the open source version of Chrome.
It's not different, but now it's 23.
5 Unusual Ways to Reduce Crime