skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Something I didn't realize until talking about this yesterday, is that the tax rate is often used to reflect the infrastructure in a given location.

So whilst the Irish tax rate may be the lowest, the cost of operating a business there may, in total, be higher than somewhere with a higher tax rate.

Obviously I am not suggesting they will go elsewhere (given they cost of moving is probably very high) but something worth considering.
Tax unification - would in fact start with Fiscal Harmonisation.. That is to say - tax rates can be different, but the underlying calculations how to calculate income and expenses would be harmonised across the Member States of EU.

We are generations away from Tax Unification, if it ever happens...

Fiscal Harmonisation - more like it, though save some global seismic event - still a generation into the future.
The 2 minute guide to creative translation, a.k.a. transcreation
The basis of the agreement that the EU would not interfere with tax policy was precisely so that states could compete against each other. This means the basis the commission is using, unfair competitive advantage, goes against the basis of this tax treaty. If Ireland was to circumvent other treaties that is an issue, but on the basis of competition it is most definitely unfair to the Irish state.

This isn't the first time the EU has intervened with taxes in Ireland, the other is the water levy. It's getting ridiculous now. Its a country gradually being micromanaged.
BIP47 vs. BIP75:How Will Bitcoin Wallets Maintain Privacy and Become Easier to Use?
The internal network is a joke, it only works if you have all of your servers in one rack and you need to rent a switch to connect all of them. Online.net has a real RPN where you can add SAN storage to it etc etc.

The PX line is a Fujitsu Desktop PC with a server CPU and ECC Ram. For me that's a compromise I don't really like.

Also the network is a bit shitty since they don't route through DTAG (largest german carrier), you have to pay a premium so that they activate it for you, and that's only one thing that feels weird about Hetzner. Of course I understand the reasoning behind it, but still, why should I choose Hetzner if I can get a way better solution from Online.net?
Again, this is not a tax issue, it is a competition issue. Apple is getting an unfair advantage against other companies, while driving a race to the bottom on taxes paid.

It is not just illegal (and IMHO they should be fined on top of the back taxes they're required to pay - Irish government should be fined too), but also immoral. Even worse, Tim Cook's open letter is an insult for Europe's citizens and of extremely poor taste. I've owned several iPhones, Mac laptops and iPads; that ends now.

I'm not buying a single Apple device more and I won't spend a penny in their App Store for the devices I have. If Apple doesn't want to pay the price to sell to me (which is to play fair so we can keep our system running), they can pretty much get out of the EU.
'Ellemtel' uses 3 spaces.
removed, no point talking politics on a tech site
> men are the more expendable sex, when you get down to it

This is far from as clear as people think it is. Foragers - as we were for the vast majority of our evolutionary history as humans - don't have lots of kids. They usually keep on the move, and that means carrying children, until they are maybe 4 years old. Having a life-mate to help you carry a four year old probably helps a lot.

It remains that humans are the most monogamous animals alive, by a mile. Other pair-bonding animals, like pigeons, cheat a ton compared to humans. When you look at pair-bonding animals, it's often those where the males are crucial to the offspring's survival, and where raising offspring demands a lot of resources from the parents. Human children are unable to survive on their own until the age of ten, at the most optimistic. So both the evolutionary story and the observed facts in forager societies (and our own too, in many ways) suggest that fathers matter a lot.

> Historically, only half of men ever passed their genes on

If I recall that paper correctly, of the men living at a certain point in time, only half have descendants today, whereas almost all the women have. This difference, over thousands of years, may have arisen from very small differences adding up over the generations for all we know.
> using a legal route the EU should not have the right to walk on in any fashion.

By all means, do explain why the EU does not have this right.

> The exact way it was done is irrelevant, it is the result that is the issue.

I hate to repeat myself, but please do explain -- it would most certainly seem that the EU has an interest in tax and competition affairs such as these. Moreover, individual EU member states as well as every company competing against Apple have interests in this. It's pretty silly to say that "the exact way it's done is irrelevant" -- in complex international tax/competition affairs the "exact way" things are done means all the difference.

I'm not familiar with all the tax regulations of the EU, but I have to say that statements such as yours need to be substantiated with sources that support your arguments (and I'd genuinely be interested in seeing those). Otherwise this should just be considered a political statement and/or your opinion on the matter - if that's the case, please clarify that.
Probably a good idea to turn off auto-update from Transmission's preferences and only use

brew update && brew cask install --force transmission

to update. Even though they're also meant to be checksummed, I can't know whether an attacker also compromised the checksum mechanism.
[disclaimer: I work for CF]

CloudFlare also regularly speaks about attacks and mitigations, therefore is helping the community to build better defences. Other providers stay shy and never disclose their magic. We believe DDoS is an internet wide problem and one of the ways to solve it is to spread the mitigation know how.

Examples:

- DNS attacks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcAygzNSxlI&t=2h13m20s

- Iptables is great https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCVTEx1ouyk

- Our DDoS mitigation pipeline https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiK4643YdOk

- BPF for DNS https://blog.cloudflare.com/introducing-the-bpf-tools/

- BPF for SYN https://blog.cloudflare.com/introducing-the-p0f-bpf-compiler...

- Kernel bypass with netmap https://blog.cloudflare.com/single-rx-queue-kernel-bypass-wi...

- NTP attacks https://blog.cloudflare.com/technical-details-behind-a-400gb...

- DNS amplification https://blog.cloudflare.com/deep-inside-a-dns-amplification-...

- Recent attack trends https://blog.cloudflare.com/a-winter-of-400gbps-weekend-ddos...

- L7 attack with ad networks https://blog.cloudflare.com/mobile-ad-networks-as-ddos-vecto...
Huh, guess so, just looked at the style guidelines.

I haven't done much with the kernel (nothing merged back upstream anyway), so I guess it never came up.
The EU has had a massive positive effect on former soviet countries. It was and is very successful in preventing conflicts and war within Europe.

Smartphones and computers simply can't compete with that.
I'm in the UK and have used Hetzner for servers for a few years. I've found them to be extremely responsive for support and remarkably good value. (Also, not being locked in to a 6-12 month contract is great.)

But I'll check out online.net, so thanks for that ;)
> * Without our low corporate rates Ireland would be yet another impoverished peripheral EU state (as it was for long time) like Greece, minus the sun and with loads of rain :(

low corporate tax rates aren't the question here, it's not even a matter of using the Double Irish. The EU is not questioning what Cisco, Facebook, Microsoft or Google do in Ireland.

In this case _only Apple_ got a deal with the government, and that deal was "let's make up a number for the taxes you'll pay cause you're special".
The EU complaint is that this conditions are not available for other EU companies, not that they are too lenient.

You might find some extracts of the talks between Apple and Irish Revenue interesting to read[0].

[0] https://www.ft.com/content/233744b6-4886-11e4-ad19-00144feab... (paywall but googling "Interview extracts between Apple tax advisers and Irish Revenue" will works)
Well, he also was confident of victory in the lawsuit about collusion with publishers.
Show HN: Fowaadaa – Docker image solely for SSH port forwarding (No shell)
OpenBSD is the one operating system I purchase on every release, going back at least five or six years. There is a certain elegance to the release that just makes me feel good about using it, even though my day job has me at a Linux prompt 10+ hours a day.

Unlike other operating system/environments, where any hope of comprehending what/how they work after a few iterations is progressively more difficult, and significant architectural changes hose you for hours/days on end (on even simple things like assigning an address to an interface), the slow methodical evolution of OpenBSD stays true to its roots. And tools like signify and doas, new additions to the fold, are almost instantly comprehensible, and never annoy like some of the Linux architectural changes of recent years.

Highly recommended for people who want a reliable, predictable, full featured, and comprehensible Un*x class operating system.
I agree. I am a small business owner in Europe and it pains me to see the big guys getting away scot free without paying taxes while we are scrutinised over every cent. Even the NS, the Dutch national railway (semi-public) is using Ireland to dodge taxes. I would love if big companies that have resources and more leverage in the legislative process to push for a more simplified and standardised tax code across Europe.
The 3 Things to Do Now About Managing Multiple Projects
Have you been using online.net for long? Their offer looks interesting except for availability rate 99.5%. That's almost 4 hours of downtime every month. within availability range.
How to Create a New Post in BlogSpot Blog – Help2blogging- Blogger Tips
90% of all Startups Fail because they ignore this advice
> so that states could compete against each other.

To a point.

One thing is maintaining a low corporate tax (no one in the EU has a problem with Ireland's 12.5% corporate tax), another thing - and entirely distinct - is giving select companies tax rebates for no other reasons other than to encourage those companies to operate in Ireland.

That's an unfair state subsidy and that's not cool in the EU. Because the same deal is not offered to other companies.
Why would copying two strings to the clipboard lead to an infinite loop?
The EU commission are judge jury and executioner because Eire are cheating the rest of the EU by being a tax haven. They are booking sales made throughout the EU in Eire purely artificially and Apple paying v little tax on them.

The EU are judge jury and executioner because Eire are part of the single market of free trade and free movement. So they are asserting Apple and Eire stop taking us for a ride.
Ah, I see. So what they're saying in this case is that 0.005% is the fraction of Apple's global non-US profits that was paid as tax in Ireland.

That's not the same thing as saying it was "a 0.005% tax rate". The issue is over what fraction of the non-US profits are taxable in Ireland, not over the tax rate.
People link their liking of Apple with what is right and wrong. They do not realise the extent of tax evasion, and they do not realise that it is they themselves and every working person who is subsidising tax evading corporations by paying higher taxes.

For me personally, at this time it would _not_ stop me from buying from Apple. This is not a contradiction, the reality is that Apple isn't the only offender.
As I understood it (when I also voted yes) was that we were promised there would be no tax harmonization. There were already strong rules in place relating to state subsidies - this is a subsidy issue rather than a tax issue.

We are accused of giving Apple a subsidy via an artificial tax break tailored specifically to Apple. If true then we interfered with our own taxation system.
Can you please change the link to the English version?

https://github.com/shiyanhui/Young/blob/master/README_EN.md

BTW: These colours remind me of something, I can't put my finger on it :)
Looks like it was signed by a different developer:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12403906

In comparison to Windows, macOS doesn't really seem to show the developer in the normal user flow.
Before Yann, this ANS variant was implemented by Andrew Polar in 2008: http://www.ezcodesample.com/abs/abs_article.html
Here is a list of implementations: http://encode.ru/threads/2078-List-of-Asymmetric-Numeral-Sys...
We got into this with taxes which are pretty much the opposite of rooted in morality. You successfully strawmanned theft and judges and sentences, I stupidly rose to that challenge with perhaps an over literal interpretation of law to make a point, HN encourages downvoting for disagreement, and here we are, having a conversation where you have to be sympathetic to me for being downvoted before you can make your point.

Ever ask yourself why?

Anyway, it's corporate tax law. The assumption that a corporation is being unfair by using every legal remedy available to it disagrees with how capitalism is supposed to work, or so they tell me, and I really don't care. I literally ran out of steam on making this point while typing this comment because it's 3:30am and matters approximately zero, so I have to ripcord on this. Sorry.
Not sure if there is a "leading" one ... Lightbend, EPFL, IBM, Verizon, GoldmanSachs, SAP, Twitter, ...
Using Kotlin for Android Development: First Impressions
The EU does not have this right, as per the treaties creating the EU the EU has no say in a countries tax affairs - at all.

Everyone agreed to that, to stop the EU stiffling competition between states.

There's not much to say, the EU simply does not have the right to interfere with tax affairs, at the treaty level. It's all well and good they have an interest in it, but no actual say.
Anatomy of Wedding Invitations for Every Theme Wedding
If it's unfair, why cannot someone challenge it in an Irish court to get the same treatment, where does this whole EU business come in?

Why should the EU have a say in how a country sets its tax affairs? This is contrary to the treaty.

This is an Irish issue where it could be challenged in an Irish court, now Ireland is challenging this in an EU court - what?
Can you please substantiate your statements with sources (so as to avoid a situation where this turns into a purely political debate)?

You seem very confident that the EU has no right to do what it's doing. I hope you have reason to be so confident based on actual treaties, law and agreements.

If you do, it should be easy to prove. If you don't, you should be ignored.
Syria Tourist Board Reveals Promo Clip with Slogan 'Always Beautiful'
The Revolution Will Be Hashtagged
If they dont scam the Irish out of tax money, it would be the USA. Just pay your taxes where you are supposed to pay them. All these roads are to avoid paying taxes.
What Really Boosts Your Productivity?
I have couple of dedicated servers there. No downtime. But i had problems with support when one of hard drives was EOL and was causing problems. They launched with Live CD and said that everything is fine, i needed to show them logs from dedicated hp raid software and after that they replaced the hard drive. Overall besides that one incident i had no problems at all.
If you're able and have the time to run your own service, that's great for you. Everybody else will have to rent the service and have to pay recurring bills. That's kind of the point of renting something. I can't quite see how that will get in trouble with any government authority.
The UK TV Licence iPlayer Loophole Lie
Reactions to Irish tax ruling reveal divide between US and European perceptions
The size of the user base is certainly an important factor. To maybe exaggerate a contrary opinion though, I'd say that users of, for example, Ubuntu Linux, are far more alert to security issues than Microsoft customers.

I'm not totally disagreeing, I'm just trying to say that calculating a confidence score for software updates is not simple. Maybe it's clearer if I give you a real-world example: I use cryptocurrencies to move moderately large amounts of capital in my business, and so my paranoia-level for software installed on the single, air-gapped laptop that handles cryptocurrencies is sky high and crazy cautious. My other business is separated from that, and I can be much more relaxed about software updates for it, because the risks are much lower.
Is is a tax and competition issue. The Irish government has given Apple an advantage using taxes.

Thing is, taxes always give someone an advantage and the agreement with the EU member states is that because taxes can give countries an advantage over one an another and it being a contentious issue, the EU will not intervene in it.

The issue of taxes supersedes the issue of competition.
I assume because no one in Ireland was doing it? It's clear Ireland has no interest in taking up the case. And who in Ireland has the time and money to take on both Apple and the Irish state in court?
If you need xx TB storage servers then you will not find any cheaper hardware + storage + network option in EU than in hetzner. I have storage servers there.
> AI techniques are routinely used. Support vector machines are popular. One Indian system uses fuzzy logic. ANNs have been tried but are not yet popular.

I'd argue that industrial application is much, much more advanced that current automotive AI application (because plants don't have tho choose the absolutely worst and cheapest viable solution for cost reasons as it is the case in automotive applications).
Twitter accounts are disappearing, help to find out why
Wow that's some serious reactionnary stupid stuff. You are pretending that these people are homeless because the State provides for them? Man, you are such a model person for this new techno-aristocracy.
If you have `pbpaste | sh -` on your clipboard and then paste it into a terminal, it'll continually execute itself.

(`pbpaste | sh - | pbpaste | sh - | pbpaste | sh - | ... | pbpaste | sh -`)
The EU isn't treating you any different from any other EU country. I live in Norway and we are not even EU members but we still have to abide by EU laws. It is a very frequent occurrence that something can't be done because it means preferential treatment to a specific party. We must often buy things abroad because we can't give preferential treatment to Norwegian companies who would most likely do the job better for Norwegian conditions.

I don't know how many times we have bought stuff from Spain or Italy or some other southern European country that simple broke down and didn't work in Norwegian climate and conditions. They won because they undercut out companies in price but they can't deliver quality. But these are EU rules. I get why they have to be there.

I don't think it would be fair if Ireland would skip on the rules. I already think it is grossly unfair how Ireland is operating.

Irish tax policies is hurting everybody else. We are also a small country and are under severe pressure to lower corporate taxes to stay in the game. Ireland is creating a race to the bottom. If everybody did like Ireland, everybody would be big losers. Everybody can't be a tax heaven. Tax heavens benefit at the expense of everybody else.

I've worked with a lot of people who got laid off in Norwegian games industry because Canada offered special tax incentives so they moved everything there. Countries should compete on talent, infrastructure, salaries, regulation etc not on a race to the bottom on taxes.
Hey quick question, and sounds awesome.

If I wanted to use this in the pipeline of my servers Journaling system, is there any requirement that I restart the stream periodically.

That is to say, should I use it per journal entry (probably not a good idea for short messages), for the entire uptime of the writer, or with periodic restarts?

Obviously can measure and find out for myself, but wondered if you had any thoughts. Thanks!
This seem to happen again :( as discussed in https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12243294
Yes, for several years. I am also using Scaleway (their bare metal cloud) which is dirt cheap, you get a 8 Core Atom (4000 Passmark score) with 32 GB Ram and a 250 GB direct attached SSD for 22 EUR / month.

You can get more uptime (99.95%), more IPs, better and faster support with their business service (35 EUR / month).
I believe it would the same as this I think?

pbpaste | sh - | sh - ...
I just checked Webstorm which converts tabs to spaces so all my code is spaces but I only tabs. Go figure.
We used to run some basic infrastructure on Hetzner. The support was appalling – any requests for help were swiftly met with short answers such as "Unfortunately we can not help you here". That makes me question how responsive and understanding Hetzner's staff will be in case of an on-going DDoS that their automated systems are unable to detect and take care of.

What sort of scenario would benefit from the announced DDoS protection? People are surely not running websites on commodity hardware.
I didn't quite get it... 0.005% of what? Profit on sales in Ireland? Profit on sales in other parts of the world?
Treaty of Lisbon (Relevant webpage: http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/general-information-tax...)

Basically for tax matters, unanimous approval is required. Except when it involves getting rid of double taxation.
But this case has nothing to with tax harmonization. It's about illegal state subsidies given to a specific company, with a tax ruling just being a vehicle for the subsidy.
It is a common rule in EU however that you can not favor one company over another. This is what is the issue here, not the specific tax rate. The EU isn't saying what tax rate Ireland may tax at simply that they have to treat every company the same.

How do you think the single market would work if say Irish owned companies paid half the tax of spanish owned companies in Ireland?
Yeah? Like where does it even approach neat the level of the US? Give a name...
What about the part where a member state is not legally allowed to provide taxation benefits to only specific parties, that undercut other member states and the member state's other companies? That is what is happening in this case; other countries that do not provide the loophole that Ireland has provided are effectively losing the opportunity to realistically compete. The loophole itself is not obvious and practically exists only to draw big business, leaving smaller companies in a worse situation.
They have very competitive pricing and I haven't had major issues with them, polite and fast support as well.

The only thing that rubbed me the wrong way is that they downright refuse to delete your credit card from their system when you terminate your (fully paid) account.
Yeah, the fact they've already started enforcing it for people like Philip DeFranco (whose videos are news content) is worrying.

As for trying to lower expenses by doing this... well, perhaps, but if your popular users leave, then your ad revenue will drop far more than the money you'll save. It's like a news station firing all their journalists and presenters to save costs and then thinking 'oh crap, we have no way to get people to use our site/newspaper now'.
It's strange, that the white space in languages without "meaningful white space" has any impact after all.

Of course I like a blank line between blocks of more related functions, but I wonder why there is no standard for such things. Many text editors do the right step and auto-convert to your preferred spacing, but it's still strange there is no standard for it.
> I also do Forex trading with TensorFlow, but that's only making about 70-80k a year, which is probably a living wage, but not if you're in London and have an insatiable appetite for GPU's like me ;)

Please teach me how to do this. I will pay you for your time.