skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This is not the easiest thing to explain briefly, but let's give it a shot anyway.

There are several ways of defining real numbers, and one of them is the axiomatic definition. Real numbers are defined by a list of axioms they must satisfy. These would include, among others:

(1) If x and y are reals, then x + y = y + x.
(2) If S is a nonempty subset of reals with an upper bound, then S has a least upper bound.

There is a crucial difference between these two. In (1) the variables x and y only quantify over reals, but in (2) the variable S quantifies over subsets of reals. We say that (1) is a first-order axiom and (2) is a second-order axiom. Actually, among all of the axioms of real numbers, (2) is the only one that is second-order. Therefore, it is natural to ask: can we rid of it?

No, we cannot. Löwenheim-Skolem theorem says that if we only have first-order axioms, then it is impossible to distinguish between countable and uncountable sets - even if we have an infinite number of first-order axioms. In particular, this means that if we try to define real numbers using only first-order axioms, then the definition cannot even capture the basic fact that there is an uncountable number of reals.

From here on, there are two roads you could take. If you're like me, then you just accept that real numbers cannot be defined using first-order axioms. By my standards, any definition that only uses first-order axioms cannot be a satisfactory definition of the real numbers.

But some people don't want to accept definitions that are not based on first-order axioms. And this is not as crazy as it might sound. First-order axioms are very nice from a theoretic point of view. For example, with first-order axioms it is absolutely clear what it means to prove something based on those axioms. With second-order axioms, the situation is a lot hairier.
I believe StackExchange had resolved this with moving such discussions to Meta.
I disagree, as someone coming from a math background - from no formal CS training, but 4 years of math at a top graduate program, I fully believe that a large percent of my peers from there could be extremely successful developers. In fact, I ran into a fellow former peer once at a conference who joined Google after exiting academia - he is currently on the Angular team. To take myself as an example, I have been very successful as well, currently being a lead developer who mentors/helps other developers on a near daily basis.

Formal mathematics training isn't necessary to be successful - many of us know many people who have picked up the intuition that those formally trained understand at a deep level & have been able to use it to great advantage. However, I argue that more training in areas of logic & reasoning would serve people well in all facets of their lives, including helping people be successful in software development over the long term. I know that I use my knowledge I gained from decades of mathematics to code strong abstractions faster than just about everyone else I have worked with so far (I've made mistakes too, but nothing terribly costly & unrepairable) - it helps me nearly every day I code & learn new things.
HN targets a different demographic with stricter moderation.
That first picture is definitely not vegetation or a flower.
Iraq was one of the first to start enacting plans for a Euro-oil exchange. That was shortly before the US went to war with them.

Come to think of it, Libya was in the process of creating a gold-backed currency when the US went to war with them! Hm...
Well I mean I guess because you never know what you're going to get
Could be, but then again Finland has like what 2 carriers? Elisa and Tellia something. Elisa is effectively the BT/AT&T/BELL of Finland.
Most likely lack of options.
Doesn't Firefox rely on search engine backing?
In addition to everything else mentioned here, I'll add that moderation is a lot more tight and well done than most subreddits. The HN community set up an expectation early on that comments get voted down if they are of a style that encourages more noise and less substance. Sarcasm, humor, references, memes, even "nice post!" comments get voted down.

This is because those type of comments are extremely easy to make and very easy to grok and vote up. Their easiness leads them to swamp out high-effort, high-content posts. The more they are tolerated, the more they are seen. This feedback loop eventually leads to a Digg-like sea of recycled garbage. HN has been inevitably slipping... But, the sea has been held back much longer than I expected already.
You may be underestimating the power draw of supercharger stations. My model X pulls 200-300Amps of 400V power at a supercharger station with 8-12 stalls.

That is over 80,000watts per stall.
So far, batting way better than chat roulette :p
Subreddits are essentially a hack to account for the well-understood fact that as a discussion-oriented community grows, it trends towards the lowest common denominator, and the interesting people either leave or are drowned out by self-referential memes and other detritus left by people with nothing of real value to add. This phenomenon has been well understood for decades since we started seeing the mass influx of people into message boards (see The Eternal September).

Social networks (Facebook, Twitter, etc) achieved real scale by forcing people to connect with one another in order to create de-facto smaller communities, which has the effect of giving focus to your stream, but it dilutes the ability to have a topical discussion with the best set of participants (unless they happen to know each other already).

I believe HN succeeded because all this history was well understood by pg when he created it, and he had the following to seed it with the right group of people to maintain the culture that he wanted. It's actually no small feat because once you birth an internet community it takes on its own life and you can't really control it directly. I'm surprised and delighted that HN can exist in 2016; over the years I've spent on Usenet, Slashdot, Digg, Twitter and Reddit, the internet has only gotten more bombastic and shrill, but HN maintains a bar that is as good as anything I remember stretching back to the 80s.
> [...] Everykey unlocks your phone, laptop, tablet, house door, car door, and other access-controlled devices when you are nearby, then locks them back down when you walk away.

For house doors, does it know which side of the door you on? I think most people would not want their door to automatically unlock when they approach it from the inside.
The velocities are in mm/yr. 68 mph plate tectonics would definitely be terrifying; that's an order of magnitude faster than faults move during an earthquake.

There are two phenomena that look cyclonic.

The larger ones have to do with motion on a sphere: Euler showed that any velocity vector on a sphere can be represented as a rotation about a point (called an Euler pole); tectonic plates move basically rigidly, so the whole things rotate around a point. When that point is very close to (or within) the plate, the rotation is quite visible. You can see this in the Antarctic plate, halfway between Antarctica and Madagascar.

The second is an artifact of the vector visualization that Beccario used. The atmosphere is a continuum, so particles move smoothly between one location and another (more or less). But tectonic plates have rigid boundaries, and dive under each other or slide rigidly past one another. But the visualization algorithm doesn't know about these boundaries, so it creates particle paths that cross the boundaries and appear to swirl around. This probably happens to some degree in the mantle below the plates, but not really at the surface, with minor exceptions that I won't get into now unless people really want to nerd out on microplate rotation.

I'm not sure about the data gap at the poles. That's probably a real gap in the dataset I used; I haven't looked into it.
Eh. Is solar really currently a viable alternative that can power superchargers?
I think it has something to do with the "theatre paradox": when someone stands up from her seat, then finally everybody needs to stand up in order to see the show. If we start having a surplus of people with degree, then everybody starts to look for "harder" degrees, better universities or just higher degrees (phd). And you need to have one in order to be successful. Side effects? Look at Google for instance: "They can hire the very best people — so everyone is overqualified." [1]

[1] https://www.quora.com/Working-at-Google-1/What-is-the-worst-...
"You don't use X the majority of the time." is only a compelling argument to not learn X if the minority of the time where you do use it isn't that important.

Most people will spend very little time giving first aid, controlling a vehicle in dangerous weather, resolving serious relationship discussions, negotiating important deals, or doing cost/benefit analysis of large purchases.

However, in each of those cases, the tiny fraction of time where they do those is so important, it's still worth preparing for them. It may be that most people rarely use math, but when they do, they use it on important enough things to still warrant teaching them.
The focus and YC connection.
Real Virtual Physics
Which is quite an incentive to save on electricity as much as you can, I'd think.
Traffic wise HN is tiny compared to HN. When I first joined Reddit, it was for /r/programming and /r/science

The quality there has since gone bad. But other subreddits have flourished. HN on the other hand is dedicated to nerdy/geeky/all tech stuff.
I very much agree with this. I quite often check the comments before the story on HN. On reddit (programming), the comments are rarely as good as on HN. Also, the turnover of stories on Reddit is much slower.
Lots of subreddits have a per-subreddit avatar extension of some sort.
Ok, sorry, I admit, I haven't checked. Just tried to summarising the whole "social signalling" features other sites have. They work and they are good, but they also are repetitive. Some people can live without this "noise" and prefer bare bones sites like HN.

I'd even argue that you can write more freely if you are not tied to your avatar, signature lines, etc. -> your arguments stand on their own.
It hasn't been ratified in the US. The lame duck Obama administration may have agreed to it, but it still needs to pass the senate by a two thirds vote before it becomes a treaty and binding on the US in any way. I doubt that they will even bother submitting it.
Some people are indeed naive enough to be every word that comes out of his mouth. However, you are correct - this was a bailout that screws TSLA shareholders, plain and simple. SCTY was arguably heading towards bankruptcy.

http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2016/05/11/solarcity-i...

http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-06-22/analyst-slams-tesla...
HN is an interesting mix, vs subreddits having a focus area.

partly because of this, larger reddit communities tend to be even more repetitive than HN.

Different content guidelines and moderation policies.

The last two points mean that most reddit communities have way worse signal-noise-ratio for me, which makes reading them tedious. The first means you have to deal with stuff you probably don't care about on HN, but I generally can just ignore those threads completely (basically anything involving politics. It's tempting to take part in the brawling, but it's better for me to just ignore them.)

For small niche-topics, subreddits can work, but I prefer traditional forums even more. The news format and the focus on external links just doesn't allow for proper long-term discussions, which are often the most valuable in small communities. 150-page phpbb threads for a long-evolving topic are unwieldly, but still better than sifting through hundreds or thousands of submissions on reddit or HN, each of which rehashes the same basics over and over.
>... the study shows that the problem isn’t primarily with the people who catch or wholesale the fish; it’s with the stores and restaurants that deal directly with consumers

> Another easy tip: Buy American when possible. The U.S. is far and away the world leader in fishery management, safety and sustainability, and fish caught in the U.S., from Alaska to Cape Cod, are better regulated for purity and more likely to be labeled accurately.

How would buying American help if the problem is in B2C companies, which are presumably all local anyway?

While there probably exists a problem with mislabeled seafood, this looks like a propaganda article to me.
Wth is that? A baby wrapped in plastic?
As others have said - many of the comments on Reddit are very low level and meaningless.

HN is more curated and is less of a content churning machine than Reddit.
Mark Zuckerberg’s Africa tour tracks tech’s growing interests on the continent
Technically, it's primarily a DC source. Batteries are a DC sink. It actually seems to make a lot of sense to charge the latter from the former.
Kind of like a box of chocolates
Surprising lack of penis pics, given my experience with chat roulette.
I'd argue that the distance is 0.00000... = 0 and that distance = 0 implies that the points are equal.
philosophy and moderation.
Venture Communism: How China Is Building a Startup Boom
> If he thinks that Amazon and Starbucks are not paying enough tax to Austria, why doesn't he change Austrian law to charge them more tax?

Because Austria is a member of the EU and businesses in the EU but outside of Austria can operate there while paying taxes from their profits to their "home" country (VAT must be paid in Austria).

Now this is all good if the system wasn't so easy to exploit. Typical arrangements (like "double irish" or "dutch sandwich") have four, five or more subsidiaries in different legislations, each with their own locally negotiated tax breaks, doing complicated loan arrangements and IP licensing schemes that result in effectively zero tax (or a flat fee) and all the profits esacpe to Bermuda and Caymans.

There seems to be an Europe-wide crackdown on practices like this, and the Apple decision from earlier this week is just the beginning.

I'm really glad that this exploitative practice is (hopefully) coming to an end and the multinationals start paying their fair share.
A sane way to navigate the contents?
I try to center myself. For example, I focus fully on breath for a few breaths, think 'I am breathing in, I am breathing out'. Focus on how your feet/bum/spine are supporting your weight, readjust slightly if your posture is awful. Get whatever problem you're working on out of your head.

After a few seconds of this, I come back to the problem and usually am able to do at least slightly better. It's like power cycling your brain after it gets stuck.
Decent application of high school mathematics is still better than many can muster.
Elisa, Sonera, DNA + regional ones. Elisa has the widest coverage, they havebeen buying out regional ones.
And specifically what externality do you think is at play here?
Moderation and rules. Things like mods deleting comments, changing titles of posts to be less clickbait, and I think even changing links sometimes to more substantive coverage of the same story determine what is acceptable here. Voting is semi-restricted too. You can't downvote when you start out.
That's the point. This is Obama scoring points with the most gullible parts of his base. If there was any chance of it actually mattering he wouldn't have done it.

This is standard lame-duck presidential politics, making grandstanding moves that have no consensus to actually be carried out and leaving the messy details of actual politics to their successor and/or congress.

Climate deals in particular have a history of meaningless promises like this that won't ever be implemented, going back at least to Kyoto (which was signed by Bill Clinton, to no effect)

If anything, a signature on this deal without a plan for ratification and implementation is a defeat, an acknowledgement that real action isn't possible so symbolism will have to do.
Give it a while.
I bet more people read more of the overall article if you publish it on Twitter. When you're faced with reading one big article, a lot of people would probably just skip it and not read any of it.
Because I think our unelected politicians would do a better job than our elected ones. For one thing, it avoids partisan gridlock. Need I mention how many times Republicans threatened to not raise the debt ceiling and cause default?

And there's a technical reason as well: if the Fed credibly commits to using fiscal policy in a predictable, countercyclical way, then the mere presence of this policy ought to dampen recessions. On the other hand, whether Congress actually passes stimulus spending or not is highly unpredictable and so the markets cannot rely on it.
> It's easier to rationalize away "bad things" when making money is at the top of your value scale.

I agree. The purist free market ideology, for lack of a better term (or maybe Objectivism?), is a convenient justification for not dealing with difficult issues. 'The ideology says I can/should only care about money, so I don't need to worry about all that.' If only life were so simple that we could rely on an ideology.
Im not really well versed in energy generation - do you have an estimate how many solar panels would be needed to power one supercharger at full capacity?
Show HN: Hotkey – Keyboard Only Interface for Lists and Discussions
What makes you think that getting a write api will significantly increase spam? I don't think the current system of submitting a HTML form (essentially a POST) is a high barrier to begin with.
it will go through. if you didn't like the deal, you sold the stock. they have a lot of the same large investors, that have already approved the deal, such as fidelity.
I consider search an essentially solved problem and I think most people agree with me. When I want to find something I can usually use Google or Bing to get to it within 10 seconds or convince myself it doesn't exist. Will search get better? Probably, but going from 99% to 99.5% isn't very exciting to me.

If anything, I see Google and others moving in a direction of using context to reduce the amount people search (e.g. google now). I think this pattern is going to get much bigger in the coming years with better AIs and more information about what the user is doing.
From the article:

Shrimp is so bad that Olmsted rarely eats it. “I won’t buy it, ever, if it is farmed or imported,” he writes. In 2007, the FDA banned five kinds of imported shrimp from China; China turned around and routed the banned shrimp through Indonesia, stamped it as originating from there, and suddenly it was back in the US food ­supply.
The Java version is just reading lines and splitting them on commas, it's not actually a CSV parser.
http://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/enfant-ado/un-bebe-nait-dan...

A baby born without amniotic sac.
Great job, this hits on all the reasons I would state.
Venture capitalists and high level employees from SV companies read Hacker News. If you have something to offer and want to get noticed you can do so here. I raised $15,000 from a person I met on HN. I have to pivot the product since I was not successful (and have been taking a break before doing so) but if you have the right personality (patio11) this site can change your life dramatically (friendly, intelligent, have something you can share).
Why would anybody think that Google would buy Twitter, if they think that Google is number one in the same space that Twitter is number two at? If you are number one in something, usually you don't buy number two.

If you want to grab part of a market you are pretty much not part of or modernize your century old empire you will consider buying number two.

No 2 is already quite expensive. And if you are already the market leader grabbing more does not yield a value that corresponds with the price. And in the end making some return on your investment is always quite a big factor.
Understand Little Endian vs. Big Endian in 3 Minutes #CSE #interviews
Allegedly (association) football coaches seventy years ago would make players train without the ball all week, on the grounds that they would be keener to actually play football come Saturday. Of course they ended up under-skilled. My point is that one should find the combination of training that gets best results.

In my engineering career, successfully solving technical problems has generally consisted of working out what basic techniques solve an approximation of the problem and leaving it at that. I would say first-year undergrad level rather than 8th-grade, but definitely not the most complex mathematics I've ever looked at. Apparently being able to put together any sort of solution from scratch is relatively rare.

I do think problem-solving could be better taught. And schoolkids should definitely learn more about finance and statistics. Going on, the OP's stance seems fairly objectionable, but it's hard to disagree that employers use success in maths-heavy degrees as a proxy for selecting who may be best at a technical job. It seems like a fairly good filter, but it probably leads to injustice in certain cases, and the credential-chasing and learning less-necessary things may be inefficient.
I'm not sure I buy this. The API meant they effectively outsourced product development instead of developing that competency internally. It's no surprise that the company struggled to develop compelling features or products for years (both before and after closing the API).
Political corruption is the status quo, sadly few acknowledge the reality.
"they're not asking for perfect proof of safety just that it doesn't cause long term effects which is done a lot with animal studies"

Lets hope its just one of those shitty translations of 'real science' being lost in translation when subjected to a journalist-friendly press release.

Theres 40 years of data using humans. Nobody doubts that dial sope or other similar soaps is safe in any meaningful sense. The science in this argument is being lost.

If these were legitimate tests they would have been done years ago and there would not be the various exemptions in this policy declaration.

I will insert the caveat here that I'm not a fan of everyday use of anti-bacterials. I also don't doubt that using anti-bacterials and prbably more importantly anti-biotics and various endocrine influencing chemicals and plastics with loose regard for the environment has negative impacts on society.

I think kids should eat dirt, assuming it's clean dirt, etc. They are made to handle the stuff that nature thows at them.
Your question reads a bit like: Why isn't there only one bar all the people go to get drunk but several?

Most cities have more than one bar and everyone has their favorite, which isn't the same bar for everyone.

I guess it's a thousand small things, but mostly how people feel when reading HN compared to Reddit. Different atmosphere for different people.
I wonder what kind of cost cutting they will do. Whenever I hear cost cuts, I always think layoffs, but at a time where they need to ramp up production, I feel like that would be counterproductive.
Internet Tracking Has Moved Beyond Cookies
> CSV doesnt tell you what encoding it is, in the old days it was 95% ASCII

Or some non-ascii codepage you're not told about and have to guess (e.g. Excel generates CSV in CP1250 by default, with an option to export UTF-16)
Leakedsource breach notification service reported two Bitcoin Data Breaches
In addition to the article itself, there are multiple, thorough discussions that attempt to answer your question over here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12405092
To put it simply: I feel comfortable reading Hacker News at work while I would never step foot on Reddit at work.
Steve Jobs had some cost cutting conversations during his day as well: https://youtu.be/BNeXlJW70KQ?t=16m14s

Great leaders know when to cut costs to save great companies.