skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This is also true for Scandinavian countries (and trivially true for the UK). I would guess most of Europe, really. But you probably need to learn a small bit of the local language just to shop for groceries etc.

The country I would be most hesitant about is France, they really don't like speaking English, and most French PhD theses are still written in French. This is really idiotic, all it does is slow down the dissemination of research; some acquaintances who did their PhD in France were looking hard for a non-French external examiner of their PhD, which is the easiest loophole if you want to write the thesis in English.
The 12.5% corporate tax rate is still one of the lowest in the EU, why would the jobs go elsewhere ?
Interestingly, it looks like Tim Cook is directly challenging the 0.005% tax rate claim that the EU commission made:

"They just picked a number from I don't know where. In the year that
the Commission says we paid that tax figure, we actually paid $400m.
We believe that makes us the highest taxpayer in Ireland that year."

...

Cook also said the 0.005pc tax rate it is accused of paying the Commission
is a “false number”.

“I have no idea where the number came from. Here is the truth, in that year
we paid $400m to Ireland and that was based on the statutory rate of 12.5pc.”

http://www.independent.ie/business/irish/no-one-did-anything...
I'm most interested that multiple commenters in this thread are so egregiously conflating legality and morality, particularly when discussing a corporation in a capitalist system. I'm as liberal as it gets and I probably wouldn't link corporate taxes under capitalism and morality, for a few distinct reasons.
Here's an (old) discussion of some of the major points in understanding that question: http://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2012/11/01/so-how-mu...

I haven't seen an explanation of where that 0.005% number comes from, but I would be unsurprised to find similar forms of confusion in it.
Do you mind linking to that? Please quote the relevant part of license if you have time.

I ask that because I think they'd be insane to accept responsibility.

I searched on their site, briefly, but I couldn't find this.

I haven't checked MIT license but the GPL 3.0 has got this clause about liability limitation.

16. Limitation of Liability.

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

To me it sounds like it means whatever happens after you use our software, it's not our fault! Which sounds like a reasonable license for open source free software, to me.
Designing a language switch: Examples and best practices
> The EU seems to be overstepping its bounds and trying a powergrab, last two times I voted YES on EU referendums we had clear promises that EU will not involve themselves in a members tax policy, i feel I was lied to.

The EU sees the beneficial tax rebates for Apple to be an unfair state subsidy under EU competition laws.

In the eyes of the EU, this is not about tax policy, this is about competition policy, something the EU very much has an interest in having a say in (sort of the whole purpose of the EU, if you think about it).
It boggles my mind that there are people supporting Apple in this. There are so many of us that like to cheerfully screw themselves over to protect rich corporations.

As an Apple customer I am not sure what to do in the future, if I should continue to support them by buying their products. I hope they lose in any case.
Speaking from a Chinese context this is very common. The irony to me is that spoken Mandarin is very fast and very colloquial. This coupled with the limited number of phonemes makes it very easy to transcribe speech incorrectly (i.e. not inline with the speaker's intention). The irony is that I've observed that most Mandarin speakers will slow down their speech and speak more clearly to try and ensure proper transcription.

This is amazing to me because most people I encounter don't do that for me, even though I am not a native speaker and by doing that they could ensure that our communication is smoother and more accurate.

If we're looking at the rest of these anecdotal comments as a reflection of the larger English-speaking (and perhaps American) public, the conclusion is that speech-to-text isn't very helpful but in a completely different linguistic and cultural environment (i.e. Chinese) we see that it is indeed quite successful.

One interesting thing to me is that, with sucessful enough voice-to-text transcription, the need for typing (and writing) becomes moot (in that context). I wonder if we'll see that typing as only a skill necessary for specific trades/occupations.
Top 5 Things People Are Buying on OpenBazaar
True; on further examination I see you publish trade news, and there is nothing uniquely Internet-dependent about that. You'd have needed much greater capital investment to do so without it and would probably be less profitable for the same revenue, but those aren't the points I made in my initial cavil, which I now gather was unjustified. Fortunately, said cavil is also severable.
It's pretty scary that they still haven't fixed the Sparkle RCE vulnerability from a few months back. Attackers with access to their servers could've installed malware for every user, even if they didn't install the update.
Gusto is hiring full-stack software engineers in Denver and SF
I'm curious what the interest would have been had I linked to the article over the graphic. Unfortunately I'm not sure how I could test that without having a time machine.

Thanks for reading the writeup!
don’t forget the lack of help for male domestic abuse victims
It wasn't flagged, it looks like the domain news.ycombinator.com is on a blacklist for submission, most likely because users keep submitting the https://news.ycombinator.com/bookmarklet.html Maybe also to prevent submitting https://news.ycombinator.com/vote?id=... or similar URLs which might execute on your behalf.

I think it's acceptable, but confusing to users when they click on a headline, end up in an old comment thread and wonder why they can't comment (I think threads are closed after 14 days, not sure).
That's not precisely accurate. The EC's ruling is that the Irish government changed the law in an unlawful way. There has not yet been an explicit ruling on Apple's conduct, as far as I know - that's likely to take more time (years...) to happen.
I've had no issues serving with OpenBSD, but have gravitated towards FreeBSD myself due to the availability of ZFS and dtrace on that platform.

Both are stellar operating systems, and you'd be doing yourself a disservice if you didn't at least try playing around with them.
And if he joined facebook he would be instantly be recommended many of the people he knows.
I'm suspicious that he's arguing against the tax rate by giving a flat figure rather than an alternative rate he believes is true.
The EU is after EU level tax harmonisation. The fact they went after Apple is kind of a precedent for others.

How would other firms be confident their taxes wont retroactively change? The Irish government is in no position to provide guarantees.
> we actually paid $400m. We believe that makes us the highest taxpayer in Ireland that year

So fucking what if it's not the figure any other business would have paid based on sales?
Laws are finely-tuned reflections of morals - they are mostly about fairness and enabling society to function in an orderly way.

How did laws evolve? Why do we punish theft anyway?

What Apple (and Google, Microsoft, probably others) is doing is certainly immoral. It's likely also illegal.
The EC's press release is pretty clear on where the number comes from, and I do not see any such forms of confusion there: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-2923_en.htm
They never responded with details of what they were doing to improve security after the last incident: https://forum.transmissionbt.com/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=17938. The outside appearance is that they didn't address the problem seriously enough.
I haven't regretted doing my PhD in the slightest. I've learned a huge amount, in a wide variety of areas. However, the system in the UK is a bit more favourable regarding funding. Having said that, the funding doesn't scale with location. I live in one of the most expensive cities in the UK (outside London), and am funded to the same level as everyone else outside of London.

The bigger problem I have is in deciding to leave academia. There are still questions I would like to know the answer to (and I expect there always would be). It just doesn't seem to make sense to take that path. Low pay, high competition, and the likelihood of being on a series of 18month contracts for the majority of your career. Indeed, in my specific field (Bioinformatics) the career path isn't even that well defined, and you can more easily get a job at a software company who will pay several multiple of what you could expect as a postdoc. It just doesn't make sense to do it.
I thought it was a dejavu for a moment
HTML page with lots of accessibility fails to test out automated tools
Is it really clear?
However way you look at it, Ireland is being weaselled into collecting this against its will using a legal route the EU should not have the right to walk on in any fashion.

It was agreed on the EU would not interfere with tax affairs a long time ago, this does exactly that. The exact way it was done is irrelevant, it is the result that is the issue.

In the UK it was said when legislation from the EU was rejected or sent for revision, it would be sent back in another chapter of an irrelevant part of a policy document on another issue. This is what used to anger lawmakers.

The way of getting things done is never through the front door (going at taxes directly), it's always using a backhand trick to get around to managing policy (competition policy), which is quite underhanded.

While it is wonderful that Apple will now be paying taxes, who's to say this power will not be abused by the commission in future?
I wish more projects would start using this : http://editorconfig.org/

I don't care whatever the original author of a project used, as long as my editor does the same automatically when I contribute.
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No. The entire point of law is to completely eliminate fairness, morals, and other squishies as deciding factors involved in a judgment. We punish theft because it is against a clearly defined set of laws, and because at some point lawmakers determined that we should. We notably do not punish many immoral things, and punish many moral things; introducing morality is dangerous and undermines the whole thing.

To use your theft example, think about a Robin Hood type situation; should we overlook sidestepping of the law when it fits with our morals and squishies? No. The law is the law.

That edge cuts both ways. In some ways it supports your argument. In others it does not. Introducing morality makes your argument totally different (and, in this case, irrelevant until the United States and Ireland adopt socialism). I'm a bloody liberal and I'm saying that; we can't expect capitalist entities to operate in anything other than their own self interest or we actually don't want capitalism. Can't have it both ways. How do you define fair for a corporate person?

I'm very intentionally avoiding commenting upon the specific situation aside from saying it's weird to come at this morally when discussing a paper entity with clearly defined goals within a particular system of government.
Well I'm not sure someone serving 8 years vs 4 years would agree with you. Its double the amount, I'm not sure I would say that's splitting hairs. Time off is a fact of many sentences in an overcrowded penal system.

I never stated that I agreed with the sentencing guidelines, which I absolutely and emphatically do not. What I said was that there was a reason in the eyes of the law for using weight including paper as metric. Whether you agree with it or not that's their logic. I never said anything more.

I guess that simply pointing that out there was another side to this was enough for being downvoted as if I am some "tough on crime, law and order" Republican?

That's unfortunate because it was a topic that I thought was interesting and a case that I have actually kept up on over the years.
Why not make a phone call instead of sending a voice message?
The .torrent file format itself uses bencoded fields.
You can get server grade hardware with the PX line at Hetzner, which is a bit more expensive of course. And an internal network is possible as well from what I read, though you have to pay for the Flexi pack because it counts as a modification of your server.
I'm clearly in minority here on HN, but living in EU and hearing about their legislation, I'm pretty sure that Apple with their overpriced products and cheap factories in China can still make more positive impact in the world with that money than any EU gov or European Union.

Of course these ponderings should be irrelevant. If law would be simpler without unnecessary millions of complications (and new ones added every day), then it's just boolean. They broke the law by not paying necessary taxes or they didn't. Not much to discuss.
Hail jacquesm!
http://projects.huffingtonpost.com/ncaa/sports-at-any-cost , posted to HN 9 months ago at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10572373 shows that may programs are not breaking even, but are subsidized, and often from student fees.

They have a summary of the subsidizes at http://projects.huffingtonpost.com/projects/ncaa/subsidy-sco... . I counted 49 with minimal subsidy (0 to 25%) out of 204 schools. U. Mich. is one of those 49.
It would be kind of ironic to do this.
Agreed - the title is bombastic fluff, however, some interesting points are made. Though the strongest one just paraphrases of the opening paragraph of the EC press release (http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-2923_en.htm).

--

The biggest problem I have with Tim Cook's position is the sovereignty argument. I would stay away from it for now, and let the interested parties pick it up.

Tim Cook: "This would strike a devastating blow to the sovereignty of EU member states over their own tax matters, and to the principle of certainty of law in Europe".
I have heard that argument being made and like I said as a small business owner here it does piss me off that likes of Apple get preferential treatment from the taxman (but not surprised).

But if that is the case then the matter should be handled via courts, Revenue and the Gardai(police).

Who made the EU Commission the judge, jury and executioner?

You have to remember the EU is not the US, it is a much looser union where member states apparently meant to have most of the power, so in this case it seems there is somesort of powergrab and I do not like it

I voted for Europe in each and every referendum but I do feel like i was lied to when it comes to all the assurances made about states being able to make their own tax policy.

This Apple thing could open a pandoras box and could be a slide towards a more federal Europe, something that myself and I assume alot of people here and across europe do not want.
It' stretched vertically.
Thanks! Reducing friction for these kinds of things is good for everyone.

I didn't bother checking after I read that the autoupdate wasn't compromised, but never hurts to check - and I was not really going to do it until I saw your post.
I think it's supposed to be "forum"
If anyone wonders why this is taking too long, you may have done the same daft thing I just did, which was to copy the first command and then copy pbpaste | sh -. The latter will of course create an infinite loop.
Don't know anything about other EU countries than the Netherlands, but it's pretty easy over here. Just a matter of some paperwork by a notary, which will cost <1K.

There's a big caveat though: 5%+ shareholders are considered managing directors (a "DGA": Director/Majority Shareholder), and as such should receive a minimum salary of 48K EUR per year. There's a special startup exempt on the way that lowers this to minimum wages for some years.

Bottom line: if you want to incorporate in NL, as a founder you're ought to receive a salary and pay taxes accordingly.
"""Why do we punish theft anyway?"""
This usually boils down to: do not do onto others, what you wish not done to you.
In this case: what if Apple suddenly got a competitor who pays negative taxes ? (Since we can't go lower then 0% in this example) How would Apple feel ?
Can someone from the EU or DE talk about where Hetzner sits reputation-wise for those not familiar with them. Are they a solid provider?
> (if enforced)

The enforcement already started with Philip DeFranco's videos[1], and quickly spread to various other youtubers. The targets seem to be the usual "controversial" topics and political content in general. Videos about depression seem to be one of the targets[2]? Maybe?

There also seems to be inconsistency between hitting certain popular youtubers that produce some form of "news"[3], while allowing blatant clickbait, bullying, and propaganda[4] about the same topics.

> so vaguely it's almost meaningless

That's vague enough, but their cornerstone of selective enforcement will be the "...but is not limited to..." clause.

> otherwise they could well kill a large percentage of the site's traffic

I fear that may be the goal. If YouTube isn't profitable for Google, they may want to cut their expenses by encouraging some of their heavier users off the site.

[1] https://twitter.com/PhillyD/status/771026030442090496 https://twitter.com/PhillyD/status/771054150733803521

[2] https://twitter.com/LukeIsNotSexy/status/771124768280043521

[3] I'm being very generous in what might be called "news". I may not like a lot of it, but even shallow clickbait can contain at least some journalism.

[4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKEUR7xsAtA
Except that time where the auto update mechanism was actually distributing a hacked version

http://www.macrumors.com/2016/03/07/transmission-malware-dow...
Eh? The plumbing just needs to deliver water to the machine, and drain soapy water away. Which part can old plumbing not handle?
But how is that going to work out if Ireland can simply use its tax policy to circumvent EU competition laws?

I am sure part of the deal that the EU would stay out of Irish tax policy was that Ireland would not use tax policy to circumvent other EU laws/regulations/treaties.
>I've never worked with a C programmer that used tabs.

cough linux kernel cough
> we paid $400m to Ireland and that was based on the statutory rate of 12.5pc
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No it did not. They distributed a new version via the build-in updater to try to remove the malware from the copies downloaded from the website. Sparkle use a digital signature and the malware author did not have the private key to create a valid signature for the update. So even if a malware was downloaded, Transmission would report a "invalid archive downloaded" error.
That's not what the comment addresses. Could the current theory be wrong? Sure. But any explanation within the current theory is someone doing math incorrectly.
One bizarre thing about this whole affair is the reactions on social media. The EU has made a ruling based on the idea that markets must be free from government interference, and facebook is full of lefties arguing in favour of the ruling and right-wingers arguing against it
> That's not precisely accurate. The EC's ruling is that the Irish government changed the law in an unlawful way.

The ruling is that the Irish Government applied wrongly the actual law, no law has been changed

> There has not yet been an explicit ruling on Apple's conduct, as far as I know - that's likely to take more time (years...) to happen.

The investigation is not on Apple, but on the Irish Government. My comment about illegality was about the Irish Government practices, not about Apple.
> I am worried about the ability for the 1Password database to be hacked if someone were able to get their hands on that.

This is one among several reasons I don't go in for any "cloud" based syncing of password managers. I use keypass and sync the file with syncthing on LAN only mode.
A Proposal to Accelerate HEVC Adoption
Oregon State - 24% subsidized sports program - http://projects.huffingtonpost.com/projects/ncaa/subsidy-sco... .

UNLV - 55% subsidized - http://projects.huffingtonpost.com/projects/ncaa/subsidy-sco... .

Then there's Eastern Michigan University, 83% subsidized (at $24M/year) - http://projects.huffingtonpost.com/projects/ncaa/subsidy-sco... . With 13K undergrads, that's $2,000/student/year.

That report points out that some 3/4ths of school have a 25% or more subsidy on their programs.
Let the court decide how much taxes Apple must pay in Ireland/EU... Let them make complete investigation into the matter and see what was going on here... If the laws are equal for all, I would also like to pay 0.005 percent on my profits, not just Apple...
This argument completely contradicts the way law is enforced in practice, with all its "reasonableness" tests and mitigating factors. I think you'll find very few lawyers regarding it as a mechanical system. What is the law of equity but a different word for "fairness"?

(Especially in a "common law" jurisdiction!)
According to this article [1], the compromised app was indeed signed – but with a different Developer ID than usual.

Anyone with a credit card can sign up for Apple's developer program and start signing apps.

[1] http://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/08/30/osxkeydnap-spreads-...
The idea of literate code seems much more suited to tests telling a story than it does for regular code.
> Who made the EU Commission the judge, jury and executioner?

I don't think this is a fair assessment of the case. The EU Commission have accused Apple and Ireland of unfair competition. They now have time to appeal that decision, after which it will be put before the EU high court, a court that is entirely distinct from the Commission.

Think of the EU Commission more as a police investigation, one which one has the opportunity to appeal through the judicial system. Hell, I am not even sure the Commission counts as any of judge, jury and executioner.
(I didn't downvote you, but...) I think you're ignoring the fact that laws and morals can't be completely decoupled.

Yes, morals should not play a role when --applying-- the law. But the reason the law exists is ultimately a moral one. When the punishment is flexible, the judge will normally apply moral arguments to support a more lenient or harsh sentence.

Why did we determine at one point that we should punish theft? Maybe we were wrong and should repeal those laws.

I think you will have a very hard time doing this and most counterarguments will be moral ones.
Not all functions of type nat -> nat are computable in any formalism. You can write plenty of programs that are really of type nat -> nat in say, Haskell, that try to compute a non-computable natural function. They just can't do it and they'll never terminate for some inputs. But they're still perfectly well-formed.
You probably shouldn't keep/use any personal passwords on your work computer anyway, but Keypass offers a portable executable that does not need to be installed.