skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I was in a gifted class when I was young, and I quite enjoyed it. It was a welcome addition to all my other classwork. They didn't fully separate us, though. We were still in regular classes 4 days of the week, and we had to still do the work from the day we were missing in addition to the added work that day of Gifted class. It had the effect of keeping us with everyone else while giving us enough extra to do that we weren't as disruptive as before. (And yeah, I was quite disruptive.)

I realize now that it probably could have been a lot better, if I'd gone to a school that specialized in it, but a private school wasn't really an option, and there was no way the school was going to create more of a program for so few students. (I heard later they killed the program entirely.)

I was fortunate enough to experience the other end of intelligence for a while, too. My doctor advised taking allergy medication, and it had the side effect of making me stupid. I was able to tell that there were things I should have been able to do, but I wasn't unable to explain why or what they were exactly. I'd come across problems that I'd solved before and be unable to solve them, but not be able to figure out why exactly.

After halting the medical, my faculties came back and it was astounding. I came to the conclusion that I was simply unable to think well enough to disprove things beyond a certain point. I found out that when I decide something is true, I do it by trying to prove it false. If I was unable to prove it false, I'd accept it as true. When I was on those pills, I was only able to go so far in my testing of the theory, and I'd accept things as true that I would not when I wasn't taking the pills.

It had the side effect of making everything about me. If someone cut me off on the highway, it was because they were against me somehow. The thought that they might just be in a rush or an emergency never came, and I just accepted that they were pissed at me and attacking me.

That was long-winded, but I thought it might add some insight to your IQ-gap observations.
DJI Osmo Mobile
Puf, Print-On-Demand Bookstore
Can I also get on the beta list? This is fascinating.
Does OpenBSD have real package management yet and a clean story for upgrading from one release to the next?
As a site operator, I have Tor (T1) whitelisted on all of my CloudFlare websites and have no additional spam problems or anything else. CloudFlare doesn't even catch all of my malicious traffic (spammers, mostly) -- even StopForumSpam doesn't do a 100% perfect job.
> this pattern is just as dangerous

As a general pattern, please do not do this. In this specific case I think most people trust the service (GitHub) and their DNS recursor + SSL library. Attacking these is not on the level of "random drive-by phishing", more like "targeted high value state sponsored".

To avoid this discussion I did not include the curl version in my original posting.
> then corporations lose incentive to register in countries which offer them the largest tax discounts.

then corporations lose incentive to register in Europe. You can't have unilateral tax rules when countries have different growth and capital requirments.
It is - I did not know this. I purchased a USB-DVD player for the sole purpose of getting a physical delivery of OpenBSD. Sad to see it go by the wayside.
EU is telling Ireland to levy the general corporate tax in Ireland on Apple. Ireland has had that obligation all those years.

EU legislation on state aid has always been this way. It's a usual thing to force a company (Apple) to pay back government subsidies (incl tax subsidies) to a member state (Ireland), which says it doesn't want the money.

Member states granting illegal subsidies almost always say they believe the subsidies were legal or that no subsidies were granted.
Except MiTM is used primarily, if not exclusively, in attack scenarios. Otherwise any third-party you use as a website owner is a MiTM.
to be precise, Js_of_ocaml does not respect OCaml memory model either, think about float. But I think Js_of_ocaml is really great, BuckleScript and Js_of_ocaml have different use cases.
> The EU is essentially attacking a law made in 2003 in 2016. To do this retroactively for 13 years is far too long (imo).

See the actual EU press release: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-2923_en.htm

"The Commission can order recovery of illegal state aid for a ten-year period preceding the Commission's first request for information in 2013"

The rules against state aid were always there in the various EU constitutional documents. Ten years is a long time, but it takes a long time to investigate complex issues and you don't want a system where it becomes worthwhile to stall the investigation and run out the clock.

The real message is that companies should refrain from trying to do "deals" with individual member states; doing so is extremely divisive. One of the arguments going around at the time of Brexit (I have no idea whether it's true though!) was claims of EU grants being used to move car part production out of the UK to Eastern Europe.

Edit: in fact, if you go through to http://ec.europa.eu/competition/state_aid/cases/253200/25320... and read the description, it appears to date all the way back to 1991, where Apple sat down with the Irish revenue and simply decided how much tax they were going to pay. That's how transfer pricing works.
Making open source look beautiful
It might not make such attacks impossible but it will make them more complicated and that by itself should cause some attackers to fail. Isn't that by itself worth doing?
What is at issue is that Ireland did not enforce its own tax laws.
What happens if your cd that comes in the mail is swapped out for a different cd by a malicious actor?
> Ireland agreed to the Treaty of Rome, in which they agreed to not provide state aid to corporations.

Ireland do not agree they provided any such exemption. Do you have evidence of a specific Exemption for apple?
HP builds one desktop PC around a speaker, another in slices
`-safe-string` is the future. Any compiler can not guarantee its correctness if you write crazy code , `Obj.magic` here.
I am not interested in core personally, but I don't see any reason why it will not work if it is vanilla OCaml
Free? How about mandatory? I hate blackboxes in my communication channel that decide which communication is acceptable and which isn't. Plus all the security vulnerabilities and other bugs that the complexity of such systems probably brings with it, making it harder and harder to debug network problems.

And all that is especially true in the case of Hetzner, who have repeatedly demonstrated how to build hilariously broken networks. Even ignoring that they were vulnerable to ARP spoofing for a long time and other things that have since been fixed, just some blunders of their current offerings: virtual servers behind v4 NAT (yes, you can't make that shit up ...) and IPv6 assignments of a single /64, even for dedicated machines (with an option to extend it to a /56 for money). So, if their new blackbox screws something up, what are the chances that they will care?
Smart Entrepreneurs Build Startups Without Investors
I guess the response would be, what is it about OpenBSD package management haven't you liked in the past, and what difficulty have you had upgrading from one release to the next?

For example - here are the instructions for upgrading from 5.9 to 6.0: http://www.openbsd.org/faq/upgrade60.html

Once you are done upgrading the operating system, you upgrade your packages with the command:

o pkg_add -u
> government at the time offered them a super-extra-deal that - just for them - would bring that to 1%

What was that deal? The Irish government claim no deal was made
> but in every case that I've seen the person goes on to say 'after talking with Amazon they dropped this charge'.

Negotiating the bill afterwards is an experience most people want to avoid, I think. I guess many would prefer a service where they don't receive the huge bill to begin with, even with other downsides.
> I think it's also worth mentioning that the EU's track record on tax issues and dealing with the large multinationals and their complex arrangements is awful. Just look at the hash they made of the VAT changes last year, which were supposedly going to have a beneficial effect by reducing multinational tax avoidance, but in fact did almost exactly the opposite, causing far more damage to smaller businesses than larger ones.

This is I think one of the few genuine substantial complaints against EU membership: the EU is very bad at dealing with small businesses, because they don't have time and money to get involved in the legislative process. Brussels is too far away.
We will fix the error message to ask for people to enable javascript. And now because you ask for it we throw one to the tiger, now let's hope we have enough programmers:)
He said he did that in 2014, not 2011. Apple might well have paid $400 million in 2014, and that might well be 12.5% of the profit that Ireland says corporation tax is owed on.

But, there are billions of Euros of profit that, according to Ireland, no tax needs to be paid on. Being able to choose not to pay corporation tax on 99%+ of your profits isn't an option available to most companies operating in Ireland.
Yep. That’s at least one advantage for macOS apps that use Installer.app¹ to install; Installer.app makes it really easy to see the certificate².

――――――

¹ — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Installer_(OS_X)

² — http://f.cl.ly/items/1s1E3n19273M1l3i3S2X/developer_id_insta...
This is dope. Thanks.
Epulze – make money while playing Dota, or lets just say, dota is my job now
If you don't need to store the hash value because your hash function is simple, you don't… Nothing about the (linear) robin hood collision handling strategy forces an explicit representation of the hash value. However, it is true that C++ makes some data structures slower than they should be.
Generating 256x256 Faces with a Generative Adversarial Network
"Remove the two temporary tables and combine all three Hive stages into a single Spark job that reads 60 TB of compressed data and performs a 90 TB shuffle and sort."

"As far as we know, this is the largest real-world Spark job attempted in terms of shuffle data size"

I'm far, far from a world class engineer, but I regularly do 90 TiB shuffle sorts. I must seriously be missing something, here.
The demo link in the hero image didn't work for me, but the links to community projects further down the page did.
Japan is building a culture to foster startups
Like entropy, computational/informational content is absolute. Strings have higher entropy. If I say, "I'll hand you a piece of fruit", that statement objectively has less information (and therefore smaller computational complexity to verify), then if I said, "I'll hand you an apple". A tree really is inherently more complex than a string. It's like an RNA molecule being more likely to be naturally synthesized in the primordial soup than, say, a cat. Of course, an unspecified "tree" could be as "entropic" as an unspecified string, but my guess is that you mean something more specific.

So there's a real difference between various configurations of gas molecules in a box, and a real difference in the computational cost of representing them. Your statement is not unlike saying, "oh, so you've picked a high-entropy configuration, how convenient! What's so special about high entropy?" High entropy and low entropy aren't symmetrical. It takes more energy to move in one direction than the other.

Again, you shouldn't be surprised by this at all (I'd think it's rather obvious). Since typed formulations do proof work in their validation step (that can be Turing-complete in some cases), obviously that means that there is more complexity in their representation, otherwise, you'd have computation for free.

You can choose whatever representations you like. But representations that express more information, come at a higher computational cost.
Crashed Browser Didn't Read
Hetzner mostly targets the low-end customer market, so they are pretty good if you want to optimize for cost.
For the record, I've had significant problems with network connectivity being constant at OVH's BHS datacenter. Even when presented with evidence that they're having downtime issues (repeated customer mentions on Twitter, New Relic reports, etc.), OVH refused to honor their SLA or even acknowledge the problem. I had a week with 96% uptime because of their network link problems.
Plex adds DVR features with PlexPass
Another notable reference is "Alzheimer's Disease Is Type 3 Diabetes–Evidence Reviewed" [1]:

"We conclude that the term "type 3 diabetes" accurately reflects the fact that AD represents a form of diabetes that selectively involves the brain and has molecular and biochemical features that overlap with both type 1 diabetes mellitus and T2DM."

[1] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769828/
Donuts is launching a new domain pricing model
That's not what really happened here though - the court found that they were in contravention of existing law all along. It's not a change in law or retroactive application of new law.
Great to hear, we will better communicate on the error to ask for people to enable javascript.
For the pdf output, we will look into it as it is a complex issue if you have for example mixed content non latin character with latin character. Thanks for the feedback.
Are there no self-hosted js players that could use your own 360 equirectangular video files?
The proper US analogy would be some sort of state level tax break that was later declared unconstitutional and the tax refund you got having to be repaid.
A package manager should know about all the files installed on the system. Previously (and it has been many years) *BSD just splatted files into the filesystem and didn't keep track of them.
Couldn't they have just used Postgres on one 4/8-socket server with RAID?

A 60TB dataset can fit in one server. Isn't Spark intended for massive clusters, like dozens or hundreds of servers, over petabytes of data?
We will let our parser work on our website. We understand the point.
Ask HN: What is your favorite way to learn?
Articles, books, lectures, cartoons, documentaries, movies, interactive games, demonstrations, documentation, threads, screencasts, virtual reality, Socratic method, debates, synthesis, travel, audiobooks, workshops.

What is your preferred medium and why?
At the last company I worked for, we used Salesforce as our database and source of truth in one of our web applications. It was exactly as horrible as it sounds :)
There's the convention where you put char stuff[0]; at the end of a struct and malloc has necessary.
The Eurozone crisis and the treatment of Greece tells me that we're a very long way away from that happening.
Of course, but a lot of it has to do with scale as well. There's a lot of non tax stuff that Apple can do, that smaller companies can't either, e.g. negotiating procurement deals on certain electronics forcing the supplier to work on razor-thin margins.
Understood, we will change that.
Zstd pass faster over incompressible data.
Expect something > 1 GB/s
I do conversions like this as part of an app, and I never save to disk - I create the file in memory, and return it directly to the HTTP response as a file download. What stack are you running that makes you save to disk? (Because that also would be a deal-breaker for using this on confidential documents, if you ever allow uploads)
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket has exploded at Cape Canaveral
I use Haskell everywhere I would have previously used Python.
Does OpenBSD have an encrypted filesystem that is comparable to Mac OS X FileVault? I like knowing that when I put my Mac to sleep, no one will ever be able to access the contents of my disc without my password.
Looks super cool !
Second bit of data for that claim. I use dropbox because I can't be waffled to set up my own dropbox nor do I have the free time even if I did want to.
>But that's exactly it - that's your version of "reality" created by how you look at it

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_tunnel

>In addition we don't even have raw sensor data

Of course that can be turned around to point out that our senors (for machines) only provide us with very filtered information. It just seems to be 'raw' compared to the information available to our conscious minds.

Intelligence isn't the ability to gather massive sums of information, but instead to filter it.

There is simply too much information around you. As a biological creature with a limited energy budget and a limited lifespan this is a big problem. As we know from computing, two things can save massively on your energy requirements. Good algorithms and early pruning of unneeded information. For example interpretation of UV and IR wavelengths has been unimportant for the continued survival of our species, and for most of the human timeline it has been abstracted away. We knew something existed because we were affected by it, but without science we created things like magic and gods to explain it. How right or wrong our mental model (subjective reality) is really doesn't matter much until we reach a critical junction of events were the fitness algorithm kicks in, survival of the fittest as Darwin coined.

We have come to the point of evolution where we realize 'reality' is much larger than our set of filters and learning algorithms. We also realize our algorithms are not well adapted for the massive increase of knowledge and rate of change we are experiencing.
> An issue that wouldn't exist if taxes were not so high to begin with.

Ireland's corporate tax rate is 12.5%…

> It's naive to assume this is about special treatment alone.

No, it really isn't, and again that's besides the point. If Ireland believed their corporate taxes where still too high, they could lower them across the board rather than give one specific company its own deal.
Tax is computed after the profit is made. What we're discussing is the question of where the profit was made and which country's tax system it falls under. If any.
Show HN: Ninjabot a simple and cheap bot on Messenger
What's wrong with the Independent? Their scientific reporting is usually on point.
Yes, when everybody doesn't understand what you wrote, the problem is everybody, and not what you wrote. Good point. Super good.
> Again, you shouldn't be surprised by this at all (I'd think it's rather obvious).

I'm not sure why you think that I'm surprised, or even why you think that I disagree with your overall argument. I'm just trying to help you build your argument by pointing out the most obvious aspects which need more careful elucidation.

So your claim is that in the physical world strings are more fundamental than trees. Good to know. In fact I think there's an even simpler reason than the one you give of "entropy". That is, trees require space which grows exponentially in their depth, and thus they can't even be represented in the physical world.
Same here, I think it has something to do with WebGL
The github code repository:

https://github.com/pystitch/stitch
Dnsdist 1.1.0 Beta 1 released
And then the fun part is that every time you remember a memory, you re-encode it and (probably) slightly alter it.

When you vividly remember an event from a decade ago it most likely did not happen like you remember. They've done longitudinal studies on people's memories of things like JFK assassination and 9/11. People swear they remember it clear as day but it never really matches up to what they were actually doing...

Memories are bunk, is my point. Only media can really record history.
As a previous hiring manager I usually take the average of the range and then negotiate from there, so there's still some implicit anchoring going on.
what the heck:

VPS VC1 S - €2.99 /month
2 x86 cores	2 GB	200 Mbit/s	50 GB SSD

That is really cheap.
Why microservices won't make your monolith go away
Id like to be on the beta list too if possible. :)

pr @ asimuv . com
> How does this stop an attacker doing the same via ROP?

Wait, isn't that backwards? Doesn't the use of W^X necessitate the use of ROP? Right now a JIT has lots of memory that is W&X so you just need a memory exploit to inject some code and then find a way to jump to it, no need for ROP.

But if you implement W^X this won't work because now you can't inject code with just a memory exploit, you also have to set it to executable with mprotect(2). So instead you use ROP, and inject only data which includes jumps to carefully selected sections of code in libc, etc, that implements an exploit. I mean you could probably use ROP to run mprotect, but by that point it's pointless because you're already running code on the system right?
Several similar drugs have had similar early results and then failed in more comprehensive trials. Hopefully this time it'll be different, but I think if you polled people in the industry, most would wager that it won't be.

There is a large phase 3 trial going on now https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02477800 but we won't know the results for several years. They are still recruiting patients, so if you or someone you know has early stage Alzheimer's, it's worth considering.
Vulnerabilities found in cars connected to smartphones
We’ve Hit Peak Blockchain Hype, Says New Report
It pays to be a penetration tester, the market is booming
It certainly used to be in the old C89 days. I can't comment about C99 and above (because I don't know the spec well enough). I know there used to be a gcc patch which did exactly this.

The way it works is that the C89 spec defines memory in terms of objects, and it's illegal to even think about a pointer that doesn't point into an object (or to the byte after). That is, it's not just illegal to dereference it, you're not even allowed to create one.

So, because you know that every pointer must point at an object (or NULL), you encode the object and length of the object into the pointer. So pointers end up being a tuple of three words: object, object length, and offset. Now you have enough information to bounds check all accesses while still allowing pointer arithmetic within an object.

Of course, in real life, people do all kinds of wrong things which de-facto C allows but which de-jure C doesn't, such as pointer arithmetic between objects. But the spec does allow bounds checking.

(I abused this to implement a C to Perl compiler.)

Incidentally, fun fact: the 286 memory segmentation system supports mostly-bounds-checked pointer accesses in hardware.
I live in quite a remote area, with UPS and FedEx drivers that are driving hundreds of miles per day on their route, often starting over 100 miles away, and yet they're both consistently excellent. They virtually never miss delivery estimates, and often exceed them. I'm honestly quite impressed with them, especially considering a moderate amount of their route is also on fairly poor quality dirt roads.
Nice news. Do we find something helpful from their resistance?
A tree is still more complex than strings, because it has rules: one parent per node and no cycles. Those need to be validated. But I have absolutely no problem accepting that it is possible to find an encoding of untyped LC which would bring it very close to a TM encoding. This wouldn't be surprising as LC doesn't do more computational work than TM at the validation step (unlike typed formalisms).

I specifically wrote that untyped LC is a borderline case, and it's unclear where precisely we want to draw the line. What is absoutely clear is that System F and TM are essentially, qualitatively and objectively very different, and when people try to compare them, they often, without noticing, describe two different computational problems, with two different complexities.
As someone who doesn't know or use python but just knows about it, I thought love was some kind of a python framework as frameworks tend to have weird names.
That is an extraordinarily loose usage of the principle of cause and effect.