skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I can vouch this as I went to graduate school where I worked for 5 years at 8-10 hours/day including Saturday and Sunday for $12,000/year to get a PhD

Well, then don't do your PhD in the US. I did my PhD in the Netherlands, had a reasonable salary and a good work-life balance. I now work as a habilitant in Germany (roughly the equivalent of an assistant professor), it's the same: good salary, good balance.

The primary problem in the Western/Northern European academic environment is getting a permanent position. So, I might end up in industry in the end ;).
Human rights have become "social justice" issues and not legal ones? Are you trying to draw a distinction between the implementation and the theory of the thing, because I'm failing to see law not being both, with the unfortunate secondary label of "social justice" being entirely useless.
We got his supposed "mean spirit" before a single damned point relating to the headline has come up... not a good sign I agree.
Ubuntu Security Notice (Linux Kernel (Xenial HWE) Vulnerabilities)
You'd be surprised... It's like an activation energy in chemistry. Just because two chemical reactants have enough energy to react doesn't mean it's likely to happen. You often need a catalyzer or have many many possible reactants to play the numbers game. Right now, this kinda of small scale farming is right at the "enough to react but not quite ready to chain react" phase. Computational costs need to fall some more to increase possible pool, but it'll happen soon likely.
We've killed this comment. Personal attacks, which this crosses into, are not allowed on HN. Please see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12395442 for a fuller explanation.

All: please don't post, and do flag, comments that publish identifying personal details on others in the context of attacks on them. (Especially when they're newly-christened public enemies.) Maybe someone has done bad things; reacting to that by becoming a mob is also a bad thing, and we don't want it here.
Like using a set of fine chisels to sculpt a pudding... math for semiotics. Pft.
No, I do mean formal machines like Turing Machines. Sequential composition of logarithmic space Turing Machines is a standard example for lack of compositionality.
Handy Python Libraries for Formatting and Cleaning Data
If you take the normal mathematical definition of a function as a mapping from one set to another, pick two sets, pick a representation and all models can compute the same mapped elements. Tell me what your (higher-order) function is — i.e., what output element it maps to what input element — and a TM would compute the exact same outputs. That it can’t internally “reason” about those functions is obvious, but, as I showed, that ability comes at a cost. You could build, say, a Haskell compiler that would pay that cost and translate the language to a machine representation (or, speaking more abstractly, a TM could simulate, say, System Fω — at a computational cost), or you can use an abstract language model without any underlying machine, but the same cost must be paid regardless.

This shows that the concept of a type requires actual computational work rather than just a matter of “free” perspective. Your mere presentation of a function as an inhabitant of a type creates a computationally harder problem than presenting a function as a mapping between sets. Put differently, when a typed language model computes a function (Nat -> Nat) -> Nat, it does more work, and solves a harder problem than necessary to compute that function in the normal set-theory sense. You can choose to solve that problem on a TM by simulating type checking if you like, but you can’t compare “compute a function in the set-theory sense” and “compute a function in the type theory sense”, because those are two different problems with two radically different computational complexity costs. You can decide to do that extra work or not (you may want to because you gain benefit from it), but you can’t compare a model that always does — and pays handsomely for it — with one that doesn’t.

Otherwise, I could create a language model that solves all NP problems in polynomial time by defining my language as requiring a proof certificate with every input problem, which my model would then check in polynomial time. No one would believe my language actually really solves a computational problem: it simply pushes the difficulty to the collaborator.

Equality is also an internal question. Define any relation between two sets (your definition of equality), and all models would be equally able (or unable) to decide it.
They shouldn't be here in the first place when wages for American engineers have been stagnant for decades.
Except when they walk into a shop and buy one, hence the link.
This is Polyglot, Read this: http://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/7261/write-a-pol...
Tabs vs. Spaces Debate Analyzed in 1B GitHub Files
That is what I use, tab for indentation (left-most chars of the line), space for alignment.

This what, regardless the editor, the indentation is always correct and the alignment all the same, the code simply slides left or right depending on the tab-size of the editor.
> Of course the input that goes into creating that "VR world" is from sensors getting data from interactions with the actual world

This process might not be so arbitrary, for example in an experiment at Google, an unsupervised machine learning system discover the concept of cat from raw images all by itself. The concept of cat might be present in the world objectively and we just gave it a name.
> Now would I want to. Why would I deprive myself of the benefits of compositionality, separation of concerns, or simply modeling the problem domain as closely as possible?

But now you're saying that you are interested in programming. TOC is about something else.

> Complexity in the sense of complexity theory?

Yes.

> that's in practice a non-problem as long as the type system is reasonable.

Whether that's an issue for the questions you're interested in asking doesn't define what "in practice" means. It certainly matters for the questions TOC is asking. A model that requires a computationally powerful collaborator -- a programmer -- can't arise spontaneously in nature, for example.

> I don't see the requirement of making sense as a burden.

Again, burden is a question of meaning (proof: you need an agent for something to be a burden for). The requirement, however, shows that the different models are objectively, essentially and radically different.
Would it surprise you if someone with an assault AR-15 shot 5 people dead in the next few weeks? How is it ok it keeps happening and the manufacturer keeps profitting but not having any responsibility? Someone is bound to bring up cars, an a counter example. Cars are needed. Are AR-15s?
This is not like the Sokal hoax at all. Sure the writer has a few English departmentish affectations, but the article is basically just explaining Peirce's logic. And Peirce is one of roughly two people in history to figure out quantification.
Top Tutorials for 3D modelers
"Did you not read it"-style comments break the site rules, so please edit such bits out of your comments here. It's striking how much better a factual comment becomes when that sort of swipe is taken out.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
Also interesting are document formats wherein one would embed other document formats. Examples would include embedding malicious files within a PNG; it'd typically start with distributing a PDF file:

https://securelist.com/blog/virus-watch/74297/png-embedded-m...
TADS 3 components: a customizable elevator
If you really don't want to take your trash out, you can pay Recology (who does pickup in SF) to get your cans out (usually from a locked garage). Though that might only be for apartment buildings...
Okay, so let's assume that the stocks are traded with a 10% risk discount ($90). Ten years later, the bonds are about to mature and are valued at $150 (50% profit). The company belonging to the stocks has also become 50% more valuable (because its fundamentals improved, e.g. 50% higher revenue and profit), but its stocks are still just as risky and still trade at a 10% discount, for a price of $150 * 90% = $135 (also 50% profit).

So despite the higher risk, and despite the fact that the stock's price is discounted, the investor did not make more profit from the stocks than from the bonds.

In practice, companies should grow faster than bonds (because they can reinvest their profits to increase their profit – although many companies fail at that), yielding higher returns. My point is, that those higher returns result from the different mechanisms underlying different security types, not from differences in risk.
Android: speeding up Canvas.drawBitmap
Free download movies online
Watching films in silver screen is good thing and feels afectionate. Be that as it may, watching motion pictures online is additionally great yet good thing. Look on the off chance that you go to silver screen to watch another movie with your family, and the film you watched was bad. Its was a booring movie. So all the cash you've spent in purchasing a few tickets for your family and you, and obviously something restore to eat or drink, have gone in vane. It appears like you squandered your cash. Be that as it may, while viewing a motion picture online its free of expense. You simply just need to pay the month to month charge per mounth. What's more, can appreciate another movie every day with your family. What's more, you can chicken something eat and drink at home. So instead of watching movies in silver screen I gangly toward web motion pictures. <a href="http://www.internetmovies.ml/">free download movies online</a> website is a decent webpage for watching and downloading new and all uppcoming films of the Holly wood, Bolly wood and Lolly wood.It indicates great nature of the photo even in limited rate of web.
So strike down my idea, yes its imperfect, but its hard to argue that it wouldn't decrease gun deaths. Whats your suggestion? Keep on keeping on? That's not working all that well.
I do not have the privileges to install a password manager on my work desktop PC. So that doesn't really work for me.
I use Google Infrastructure personally. I'm very happy with it.

If I were you I'd look at kubernetes. Not just because it's great, but because it has cross-provider support. Configuring it is fairly easy, and you can then deploy locally on dev environments, to Google, to AWS, to Azure etc.

I favour this over solutions where you are locked in.
RenderDoc Survey – Results
It could be done in different ways, but as the FAQ says, rclone wants to keep file/object 1:1 mapping; which is useful in lots of cases; but not if you want to use rclone as a backup tool.

Binary diffs would be useful if you're syncing big files that change often; but then you have the limitations of the object storage implementations and (most of) their APIs. I'm not familiar with all the storage, but in the case of OpenStack Object Storage (swift), you can't upload part of an object.

You could split each file in chunks and then store those chunks, but the 1:1 mapping wouldn't be there (meaning that you need rclone to get your files back).
It highlights the issue that when a machine does a task, usually the best way to do it will be not like a human would do it. Even if we had cheap full-general-AI humanoid robots to do the tasks, it may be better to do the necessary interactions as with a machine, not as with a fellow human - even in a pure business transaction much of our communication is determined by social factors, the fundamental person-to-person relationships.

For example, if I go to a dealer to buy a car, if that process would be replaced with technology, then it would be wrong to make that technology to parrot the interactions I'd usually have with a human salesman. If technology is used to take orders in a restaurant and serve food, then imitating a waiter or waitress might be a marketing novelty, but it's not the appropriate way to do it. It's a different medium now, machines shouldn't act like humans.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12367289
In the low-lying swampy terrain of the East Texas river bottom lands through which I traipsed as a child, I observed alligators, snakes, frogs, lizards et al in their natural environment.

There is, literally and figuratively, a world of difference between the real world and the world one reads about. One's grounding in real world knowledge is critical to one's understanding. Simply because something is on the Internet (or in a book) doesn't mean it's true. Getting out into the real world helps one understand, fills in gaps in one's knowledge, and makes the difference.

Earlier on I honestly thought that you were a child or at least a young student, since your knowledge seemed to be exclusively based on a rough interpretation of readings (which did not appear particularly authoritative). However since you state that you are a parent, I am somewhat disappointed to conclude that, in your life, you may have missed out on some experiential information that many, if not most, others share as common knowledge. I regret that I don't know how to communicate that to you. I would only hope that you encourage your child to get out into the world. My best wishes.
Not surprising, yes.

But what is silly is that the Unicode sequences are also interpreted in comments.

/* Comment region begins. \u002a\u002f
String s = "Comment was closed in the previous statement";
Reliance Jio 4G (India) – World's lowest data rates – AGM anouncement
Zstandard [Facebook] – Fast real-time compression algorithm
Very interesting. I never knew the name for what I do. I treat the paragraphs of my writing as the "proofs". If you trust me and don't need details, you can get all you need from the section headers.
I don't like metadiscussions, and I can see you have your hands full with this circus of a post, but did you reply to the wrong comment? Mine only has two replies (ex. yours) but dozens of siblings and cousins. If there's a tire fire here, I didn't light it.
POLYGLOT – a program in seven languages
> This is like measuring the computational complexity of a mathematical proof - it has no complexity, it's delcarative.

There are few things that are absolute in this universe, but computational complexity is one of them. There is plenty of complexity involved. Have your heard of proof complexity? How do you know that a proof is a proof and how is a proof created? It's pretty much the core of P vs. NP question (and first discussed by Stephen Cook, the same guy who formally framed P vs. NP): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_complexity

Actually, the first one who asked the question of P vs. NP was Kurt Gödel (https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/the-gdel-letter/), and as a mathematician, he was very much interested in the complexity (although he didn't use that word) of proofs. He said that if P = NP (not in those words):

> If there really were a machine with φ(n) ∼ k ⋅ n (or even ∼ k ⋅ n2), this would have consequences of the greatest importance. Namely, it would obviously mean that in spite of the undecidability of the Entscheidungsproblem, the mental work of a mathematician concerning Yes-or-No questions could be completely replaced by a machine.
Such a garbage article I couldn't finish it.
I think it's also just useful to learn for the way it makes you stop and examine the world around you, your own decisions, in a new and more analytical light. Besides, if you're into physics, it's the only way; you can't visualize a 10-sphere.
Good thing too. I would never have bought the book if it attacked universal grammar. Religion, okay -- but universal grammar, oh boy.
I am preparing myself for a deflation of lifestyles as well. Once my loans are completely paid, my basic needs (food, shelter and related, public transport and internet access) will be covered by 40% of my income. The rest, currently, is spent on accelerating payment towards loans from friends and establishments. Will be done in 3 more months at most, which feels great. Though my closet could do a bit of a refreshment, I have put together an inventory which I will tick off and be done with it for the next couple years. My early next year, 45-50% of income should be able to go to savings.

What I have found most useful is to create a list of NEEDS and WANTS. Need is what is essential to your mental well-being. Clothes, good quality coffee (though this is a luxury for most, i count it as food and do not cheap out on it. I just don't like bad quality food nor coffee), shelter, a basic telecommunication device.

Wants are stuff like a certain kind of telephone beyond the basics, a certain kind of earphones, -sunglasses, -mechanical keyboards, etc. You see the sentiment.

Make an inventory of what you actually need, and what you desire. Then temper your desire. Sure, I do spend money on this or that once every little while, but that is a treat and a gift now, not the baseline.
> They do use the word function, just not in terms of the language itself, but in the same sense of saying that a falling apple integrates the function from its mass to acceleration

That's the same sense in which Neel means it.
Z-Wave Public Specification
I might be too late to add this, but Rowing in Motion (my product) actually helps rowers analyze this using a smartphone's integrated accelerometer + gps. We can even live transmit the data to a coach following behind in the motorboat and overlay it (in realtime on the GPU) onto video footage captured from the camera.

See this video for a demo of the result https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdVSk3mA9Wk

And this article for an explanation of how the boat's acceleration pattern relates to rowing technique:
https://www.rowinginmotion.com/optimize-your-rowing-stroke-w...

And this for an explanation of the math behind it (i.e. why certain acceleration patterns are more efficient than others and optimum technique will make you go faster):
https://www.rowinginmotion.com/drag-efficiency-rowing/

Needless to say biomechanic analysis on smartphones is a ton of fun :-D
Comey either knows what additional effect a backdoor in encryption will have (in addition to providing him access) or he doesn't.

If he does then he's either a traitor or an idiot and not capable of fulfilling his role, and if he doesn't then he's an idiot and not capable of fulfilling his role.

This is his strike 3, after the iPhone debacle where even the NSA told him to stop being an idiot and the Clinton email investigation.

2/3rds of crypto is non-US made ( https://www.schneier.com/paper-worldwide.html ) so this backdoor will only affect US citizens/companies and only they will be vulnerable to it, it'll decimate the industry there.
>(it honestly felt optimized for appeal to a TED audience)

Funny that you should say that because TED is extremely popular here in Israel (the book was originally published in Hebrew a couple of years before the English translation).

>While I'm hoping his new book will fix those (perceived) problems...

Don't get your hope up. It's basically:

- the singularity is near and that's not necessarily a good thing

- free will does not exist

- reiterating stuff from the previous book

That being said, it's a fun pop science read.
FWIW, Ed Yong:

The newly discovered rocks suggest that life arose very
quickly after the Earth was formed.

http://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/08/the-world...
Isn't this somehow discouraging youtubers from covering important news and developments from around the world?
While I have you here, is it acceptable to call people pedants here?
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12401447
Wisdom is more of a state than a trait
So your comment isn't really accurate.

> San Francisco alone spends 241 million on homelessness per year.

The $241 million figure is a little misleading because it encompasses the total spending across homeless services and supportive housing. Supportive housing is $112 million and the people within are NOT counted as homeless (nor should they be but that $112 out of $241 million is not being used on homeless people). [1]

It certainly doesn't help that the amount of money actually used on the homeless is contracted out to many, many, many companies and split across other government groups making it effectively impossible to spend efficiently and to track (I really wish they'd get this corrected; I mean we're the city of Silicon Valley for crepes sake!)

> Most places deal with these "normal people problems" by criminalizing it

Many cities spend more money, year over year, to house, shelter, feed and medically treat the homeless. Sure they'll get arrested too and I'm sure there are exceptions but I couldn't find any information regarding further criminalization, in recent years, as a way to get rid of the homeless (if you have a source that would be great). In fact here in SF the supervisor wants to do away with tents calling them illegal [2]

> people leave to places like SF

Only 10% of the homeless in a 2015 report came from out of state. 71% of the homeless lived in SF before becoming homeless, which is about 10% higher in just 2 years. I don't think very many are leaving to go to SF to be homeless. [3]

[1] http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/S-F-spends-record...

[2] http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/25/s-f-supervisor-scott-wie...

[3] https://sfgov.org/lhcb/sites/default/files/2015%20San%20Fran...
Prizm Tech Binary Honest Review
if you haven't read it yet, I think you'll enjoy bronowski's "the ascent of man". older book, but still well worth checking out.
The Economic Value of Rapid Response Time
Exactly.

And to piggyback on your comment, modern academic science is the way it is because their "investors" (i.e. granting institutions like NSF) have certain stipulations for grant funds or at the very least prefer certain applications over others. Applications that have some aspect dealing with STEM education, for example, are incredibly popular with NSF and other institutions at the moment.

When you talk to research academics in the sciences, they often complain about what a burden education and outreach are on their time. Most of them would rather spend 100% of the time on their research. However, their public sector "investors" have an agenda for how their money is spent. They want to see certain results - it's not just enough to see more sea slug research, they want to have grantees also encourage STEM education growth.
This is a massive investment. If it works as claimed, it would really help get a lot of people online! Much much bigger than facebook #freebasic http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/reliance-jio-insid...
From the sublime to the ridiculous. When this community is looking for something ridiculous, we find it on Github. Even at the height of hilarity, there is a turn for the nerdy.
If your service is non-trivial, composed of multiple services or a variety of workloads (long and short lived processes), Google Container Engine (aka Kubernetes) hands down. It is the most versatile, solid, cost effective option IMO.

If you just have a simple app with modest scale needs, the simplicity of Heroku is tough to beat.
what books does he recommend to entrepreneurs and more importantly why..
Hahaha, Russia doesn't care, you muppets.
This article is somewhat confusing. Are they replacing the engines with new engines, or refurbishing the existing engines with new blades?
Geniebelt
Getting a PhD was one of the best decisions I ever made. You have your whole life to go optimize for making $ if you want afterwards. At a top research school in the right lab you get a 1:1 apprenticeship with a world-class expert in an area of science you are passionate about. They take 1 or 2 new apprentices a year. It's a unique experience and changed me dramatically for the better. Postdocs are a different story (only do that if you are sure you want to be a professor) but I recommend getting a PhD to anyone passionate about an area of bleeding edge hard science or engineering.
I'm describing what long experience has shown us that comments like that one do. Sorry for not making that clearer (and thanks for the convivial note about the circus).