skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Depends on which model you mean.

The banks were holding higher tranches of the securitised mortgage pools. While those pools had traditional levels of defaults, the tranches had their expected value. As the defaults accelerated beyond historic levels, they plummeted in value. In both cases the same model said the instrument had/didn't have value. As these instruments are fair value accounted the fact that they were still bringing in cash didn't help any.

However, as the mortgage market started to go south, the default models underestimated the level of defaults, particularly in the equity release market. This underestimation was endemic in the industry at the time, from the banks to the regulators and ratings agencies.

There is, of course, a very strong argument to say that the ignorance was willful, everyone was on quite a nicer earner and reacted late to the evidence as it started appearing.

So there wasn't really a paradox. The banks were holding tranches while the expected defaults were within historic levels. Once it became clear that that wasn't a good predictor anymore, they tried to limit the effect but it turned out that so many participants were in the same boat that there weren't enough buyers.

I have to say I'm not entirely sure what this has to do with ad analytics but I'm not writing a book on the subject so maybe that's not too surprising.
Unlike niche programs, text editors are a necessary tool for any developer. And unlike most programs, you can use them to further develop them, an almost instantaneous feedback loop.

Because of these and other properties, text editors are some of the most attractive programs to study and practice for new language learners. It should not be surprising that they are popular with newer languages.
Intel unveils Kaby Lake, its first post-“tick-tock” CPU architecture
>> They pay almost NO TAX over their profits unlike 99% of the companies, and that's the problem.

What companies that are domiciled outside of the EU pay corporation tax in the EU? Corp tax is levied by the govt of the country of domicile, always has been. Why is it suddenly up for debate?
just curious -- what motivated you to write a new text editor?
I lost a very large amount of respect for Tim Cook reading that message. The statement:

> A company’s profits should be taxed in the country where the value is created. Apple, Ireland and the United States all agree on this principle.

is patently false given the Double Dutch Irish Sandwich structure of Apple tax reporting. This is not a coy avoidance the truth, this is a blatant lie.

No response, short of a link to an album of photos from the large and gleaming worldwide R&D centre that Apple presumably operates in Curaçao is acceptable.
http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.as...

"Apple Sales International supplies and distributes Apple products. Apple Sales International was formerly known as Apple Computer International. The company is based in Hollyhill, Ireland. Apple Sales International operates as a subsidiary of Apple Inc."
Or any fixed number of them, or any curve where the number is polynomially smaller than the total size...
I'm not sure the cost difference is so much state to state. For food, maybe something like The Economist's "Big Mac" index is relevant. Otherwise, I'm not sure how you compare the food price in New York City to the food price in some little town in upstate New York that only has a single diner.
Sure, there was some news that EC has dealt with Amazon, Starbucks, InBev but did they actually pay anything back? Did they appeal? Last I heard for InBev the Belgian Finance minister said: "the consequences for the companies concerned would be considerable and the reimbursement itself would be particularly complex" aka will take forever and we will probably not really do it.
I would add continual development of new skills to the list. Not meaning that they have to jump on the latest trend with two-feet, but I expect some active participation in the development of new skills as being on the path to greatness.
When I went to school, not even two decades ago, the cost was much much lower here (in the U.S.). The recent explosion in tuition is very recent, and very troubling.

As an example, I received 6 years (equivalent) of University education, earned two A.S. degrees, a B.S. degree and an M.S. degree in that time for around $26,000 or an average of around $4,400/year. It got more expensive as time went on, I switched from local community college to state school and went for my M.S., but my salary also increased rapidly during this time.

Today, that amount would barely cover 2 years of education. Even with inflation this is terrible growth in expense.
no, no and no
Everyone in society pays for all the benefits of organized society by bong subject to the law; each is entitled, in return, to participate in deciding what the law is. There is no "conflict" involved in any case.

"Conflict of interest" in lawmaking is a concept which only applies to people to whom additional authority beyond that of citizen of granted to act as an agent of other citizens, it isn't even a coherent concept to acting on one's own behalf as a citizen, where there is only one interest, one's own, being represented, and thus no opportunity for a conflict.

You may be abusing the term to mean a conflict between your interests and those of other citizens, but every citizen would have that kind of conflict, and that's what equal participation exists to resolve (and not what conflict of interest means.)
> This is simply not true. If we train a mortgage engine on redlining data, it will only reproduce the red line if it's predictive. I.e., the algorithm will only reproduce the red line if the red line is statistically valid.

If you train the algorithm to make the same decisions humans did (which is reasonably common when the humans are considered to be effective experts), it will make the same decisions humans did.

If you're comparing outcomes then you'll do better, but even then bias can affect outcomes - if members of group A was sold higher-interest mortgages than equivalent members of group B, then your dataset will show that group B has higher default rates and your algorithm will learn this, even though the difference was only there due to human bias.
Very good question, I thought many times about this and could think that probably the beginning or how you start the day determines the rest of the day.
Here's another interesting link, for what it's worth: http://www.crimeflare.com/cfssl.html (don't let the funny title and amateur look fool you, it's regularly updated).
I'm probably a terrible person for this, but my first thought was: http://media-dominaria.cursecdn.com/attachments/104/60/63503...
> I absolutely agree with their position that their profits should be taxed in the US, not in the EU.

That's not their position, that's their words.
Or why do they hide the billions since years if they want their profits to be taxed in the US?
Can someone explain how this is headers-only? C/C++ are not my forte, but my limited interpretation of a "headers only" thing would be more along the lines of: it's only type definitions and preprocessor macros.

It looks like there's plenty of actual method implementations being filled out there, but they just happen to be in a .hpp file instead of a .cpp file.
This is getting interesting. One of the world's biggest companies is playing the emotions of the citizens of a country, and essentially telling them to distance themselves from the EU.

"This would strike a devastating blow to the sovereignty of EU member states over their own tax matters"

Maybe this doesn't look _that_ serious to non-EU citizens but given what's happening in Europe in general (nationalist parties on the rise, etc.), I'd be very careful with this approach.
Forking Docker Not
That's what the government of the state of California did, not the Federal government.
> It seems hard to believe that Apple was receiving special treatment when practically every MNC has been using this very same loophole.

Right. MNC have, but local companies had no way to do that. That's the crux of the issue. In fact, some people started an inquiry how to replicate that scheme.
Just to be fair:
1. Netherlands profit tax rate is 20%-25%, where Germany: 30-33%. Companies, may take advantage of those difference, but it less obvious evasion than paying 0.005% rate in some tax heaven.

2. Ikea Netherlands has several offices and a lot of employees in Netherlands. They likely provide some services to Ikea Germany.

3. Licensing cost, may have profit component. E.g. I can sell you the franchise for restaurant which takes base cost + some % of your profits.

There are far more obvious tax loopholes that should be closed first, before worrying about taxation shifting between developed countries which taxes on roughly same scale.
Agree, we should take them all down.
You appear to be conflating a relatively uncommon personal belief with the natural order of things. There is a small subset of people who believe electronic documents should be limited to what's possible with paper with the addition of links, but the vast majority of users and implementers want features which are only possible with interactivity. Once that's the case, you're talking untrusted code execution and it absolutely has to be integrated because much of the value comes from working with the document rather than just linking to a separate program.

PDF is a special case since there's similarly a considerable value in having things like forms, equations, graphs/illustrations, etc. being interactive but since Adobe has a stranglehold on the format, it was characteristically poorly designed, badly implemented, effectively unsupported, and you had to pay to use it. I would not draw conclusions from this other than avoiding Adobe-encumbered ideas.

The other side of this position is forgetting how important network effects are. People did try to implement purer alternatives but they were always hindered by the need to deploy them first. The low-friction web model is extremely popular with users and any question of replacements or alternatives needs to fit into the gradual upgrade model of the web unless you can get Microsoft and Apple to ship it in the OS.
While I generally don't comment on the appearance of sites, the font The New Yorker uses makes the text very hard to read, at least on my screen. Simply using Times New Roman or something similar would already be an improvement.
According to the letter Apple is the largest taxpayer in Ireland, in the United States and in the world, surely that statement is incompatible with the statement that "they've been paying virtually no tax for years". One of these statements must be false.
Imagine what people who grew up watching Dr. McCoy would say. This isn't the future we were expecting. If you were born 100 years ago, you might think the world has changed dramatically. However, if you were born 50 years ago, the future has been slow to arrive.
It seems the EU didn't learn their lesson with the UK and Brexit, and they continue meddling in the affairs of sovereign states by interpreting the rules however and whenever they see fit. I wonder what percentage of this tax Brussels expects to appropriate for itself. It's high time to put an end to this failed experiment and especially to the corrupt EC...
>>> Yuck...

Thanks for eloquently wrapping my initial reaction: "DISGUSTING"!
> Only thing missing is a tiny violin playing on that webpage.

Or narration by Sir Jony Ive.
You do understand it's a two way street? There is a trade imbalance between EU and US aprox 30% in favor of EU. If your point of view prevails EU will loose tax revenue and US will gain tax revenue :).
>It's the only contract you can enter into under 18 and you can never declare bankruptcy on them. It's the most bullshit type of loan there is.

Students are offering up zero collateral and usually have minimal credit history for a loan in the tens of thousands of dollars. For better or worse, if students could default on their student loans, fewer banks could/would make those loans.
And even more interesting: what have been the consequences, to employment and otherwise, of Apple avoiding to pay billions in taxes?
People like trusting their intuitions. In many cases, they trust them so much they even deny that there's an argument to be made about their content - especially if people surrounding them share them.

This leads to people being ignorant of and confused about philosophical issues, but more importantly, it leads to them dismissing them without looking at them. Which doesn't make a worldview void of philosophy, instead it makes one with an unquestioned amateur philosophy.

It's a lot like many in politics assuming that our time is different, and historical examples are irrelevant, even when there is no good reason to believe that. Our modernity is a lot like that.
Irrelevant, but at least you read the article.
Apple, Pay.
Meet USBee, the malware that uses USB drives to covertly jump airgaps
Yeah this is weird. I like Apple products and I hate weird ass government taxes. (I run a company in Turkey, don't ask about the clusterfuck of corporate taxes here)

They managed to find ways to evade taxes. Which I can stomach. But writing such a letter and expecting sympathy? Yeah right. Good luck with that.
Apple is de facto a multinational corporation. Heck, it seems it's a supranational corporation even. In that context, what does "bring the money back" mean?
Or we will remember 2016 as yet another year where our salaries remained stagnant while expectations and responsibilities were increased by 100%?
The problem is actually different.

Race is often very predictive. Blacks don't perform worse simply because they have income < $10k. Blacks perform worse on many measures even if you hold all that stuff equal. Here are a few of the many studies reproducing this:

http://ftp.iza.org/dp8733.pdf http://www.mindingthecampus.org/2010/09/the_underperformance... https://randomcriticalanalysis.wordpress.com/2015/05/16/on-c... https://randomcriticalanalysis.wordpress.com/2015/11/22/on-t...

If you were right, then the machine learning algorithm would quickly determine that race doesn't matter. Redundant encoding, direct encoding, etc would be irrelevant - the algorithm would ignore it as noise.

The problem is that the algorithm is supposed to uncover hidden patterns that predict loan default. But then there is one specific hidden pattern that is socially and legally taboo to detect, yet also highly predictive.

(Incidentally, if you can solve this problem in lending, it's easily a unicorn startup.)
I could still get excited about a new phone that sends less data to advertising companies, or that supports a wider range of open standards than the previous one, or that exposes more of its internal tech for developers to use or improve. Perhaps once these devices stop getting better, it will be easier for a community-driven open source OS to occupy a a viable 1-3% market share and make the tech work for us rather than for the rent-seeking companies that own this space today.
No.

My username is the name of my startup. This is a deliberate, calculated tactic to subconsciously infiltrate your mind, so when you finally get around to looking at it, it is so familiar you don't question, criticize or resist, you just submit, and use it.

Joking aside, I think the practice, unless there is some temporary, practical use of anonymity undermines the community component.
> but the point here is that this scheme was entirely legal

No it was clearly not. How did you come up with that?
Danish delegation planning visit to Nauru detention centre refused visas
The binary is unstripped. Strip it, and it loses ~3 MB.
Something seems off here: http://i.imgur.com/qBJCIqh.png
There is a trend on integrating processor, FPGA, memory and high bandwidth pipes between them on a single package. Database heavy applications are among the first adopting these architectures, it can be that others will follow.
It is absolutely relevant.
Sounds like every Apple product I ever owned.
header-only usually means there's one or more .h/.hpp files that you can include in your source. There's no source file or library to compile and include

e.g. if I had Hello.h and Hello.cpp, you'd need to either add Hello.cpp to your make/build or build a library and link to it.

Header-only version means all you do is

#include "Hello.h"

and you're all set to go.
the entire argument is that you can not apply laws retroactively.
IANAB, but lately i have been thinking a lot about evolution and how it changes a species. The context i am considering is social evolution, but i think the rules of biological evolution apply. From what i understand, Reindeer have learned nothing from the event in general. In the localized area, a bunch of Reindeer are out of the gene pool and any of their kin that are close enough to encounter their carcasses but not the the cause are going to freely associate the deaths with whatever the perception sensory suite allows. My assertion: Evolutionary "learning" occurs over a long period of time through strings of events with similar inputs and outputs.

Not an argument or rebuttal; your comment made me think about it. :]
If I'm paying VAT, it doesn't mean I can stop paying income tax.
Don't forget about eating requests it thinks are SQLi. We had an English sentence in the POST body that we reduced the content of to '"a" or b in c' that cloud-based was returning a 401 on. But '"a" or b' nor 'a or b in c' did. That was a fun time tracking down. Luckily the users that experiencing the issue were in house, so they actually reported the bug.
In that case put your groceries on the back porch.
The Portable Gaming Machine Smach Z Still Lives On
Jingles sure are less popular these days.

The SNCF "jingle" comes to mind as one I've heard recently, though [1]. It's very distinctive, just like advertising jingles.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NA5MwhuHWLo
If tax is % of revenue (def simplified for corporations) - does it matter if they paid the most if they make the most money?

I haven't confined that they have the largest revenues, but paying the most is a weak argument in the face of what the governing body decides as what is a "fair" amount to pay.

Whether or not this decision is fair is another conversation altogether...
Apple innocently, and unknowingly, buy a stolen and ringed car. A chance check reveals the car to be stolen - Apple lose the car regardless of them believing it legitimate.

Apple innocently, and unknowingly[1], accept an illegal tax benefit. Apple lose the benefit of the illegal activity.

What's the difference? Caveat Emptor for both. Even if you want to consider them the innocent victim they don't get to keep the benefit of a crime.

[1] I'm less convinced it's unknowing here - Apple probably have a surfeit of international taxation experts and lawyers.
Yes, except for missing the critical aspect that you can't restrict your site from delivering SHA-1 signed Cloudflare certs over TLS 1.0 on their Pro plan...in order to restrict to TLS 1.2 and SHA256 you have to pay $200/m+.
U.S. Implements New Drone Rules, Expects Exemption Requests to Continue
Getting CSV headers to work with Redshift unload
The OP is wrong. He is just regurgitating misinformation.
'Effective immediately, I have terminated any association with WrkRiot'
What are the numerator and denominator of that figure?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Irish_arrangement
But you don't train the algorithm to make the same decision humans did. You train it to maximize your objective function.

I algorithmically trade the stock market. I don't train my model by asking whether it trades the way I would. The whole point is for it to do a better job than me! I train the model to maximize my returns [1] in backtests and simulations - if it trades differently than I do, so much the better!

[1] More precisely, volatility adjusted returns, and I also penalize model complexity to avoid overfitting.
While in most cases - Cloudflare is better then no Cloudlfare as discussed in the article. It seem however it's nontrivial for a user to determine whether or not a site is hosted on Cloudflare, because there is certain threats that it can't protect against. If people had a browser plugin to alert if the vendor is capable of doing such MITM, then it would be up to the user if they want to recieve content where it's capable of not being sent end-to-end. Sadly it's a bit hard to make that judgement call, since all CDN's do very similar things.

The only way to make this "less bad" would be if there was a way to determine if the backend infrastructure was in fact loaded end-to-end via TLS. Perhaps some non-cachable content? Not sure what the right answer is here.
Exactly, that sentence is _such_ a play on current sentiments.
While we're comparing olives and oranges we should also consider if Elon would be a better runner than Usain Bolt.
You bring up two issues here - the need for evidence, and the problem of pain and suffering. There are of course a lot of resources on both sides of the coin about those issues. I'll just summarize my very limited understanding - my personal approach. My faith is evidence based - but it can't be 100% proven beyond the shadow of a doubt. Since it can't be proven, I'm forced to continue to grow in my understanding, and humbly continue the journey. And I have to make a deliberate choice to believe - based on the evidence I see and experience in my life. Also, since it can't be proven, I can't convince you to accept it - you have to do your own searching - you have to make your choice. I believe that this is by design, and I find it to be beautiful.

The problem of pain and suffering is a lot harder to address in a brief comment. Nothing I can say in a few short lines will be very satisfying, unless you already believe or are wanting to believe. Here are a few thoughts...

Pain and suffering are not good in and of themselves, but good can come from them.

In order to escape all pain and suffering, we would have to surrender our freewill - and then what would be the point to life anyway?

My level of understanding will always be limited. I have to approach this journey with humility. I can know a lot, but I can't know everything. I will work to alleviate pain and suffering where I can, and trust that in end, all the pain and suffering in the world will have brought about a glorious end that will be worth it.
I think exploiting a public system, by systematically looking for loopholes should be illegal and the involved parties should be held responsible.
Funny the total brainwashing that is going on in this statement by Apple.

Look, Apple failed to pay SALES taxes. And now they are trying to mix SALES taxes with the LABOR taxes of those 60 (sixty) people they actually employ in their operation in Ireland.

Apple is the most valuable company in the world, has a huge bank account just sitting there, and yet, they think they shouldn't have to pay taxes.
> It's just the audience that HN draws.

The content of this thread seems to contradict this claim.
I think one of the obvious reasons to buy an existing pop song today instead of using a jingle is that is contextual proven. Updating a jingle is probably a far greater risk.

I think some recent artist have been accused of purposely writing songs to sell. There is an urban myth that X Ambassador wrote "Renegade" just for Jeep (reality is they were working on the song anyway) [1]. The myth though is not far from the truth. I wonder how many other artist are thinking hmm this song could work great for a commercial. I have wondered if Rachel Platten was thinking that when she wrote fight song... that song is so emotional syrupy... it was made to be sold for advertising (I thought for sure though it would be used in the olympics but lost that bet to my wife).

[1]: http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/how-jeep-fou...
Maybe they are talking about their employee's income tax, capital gains tax of shareholders, VAT etc. Smokescreen. Disingenuous.