skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I think your category 3 could use a lot more division.

It's mostly possible for a skilled team to build sites that can defend against targeted professional attacks (e.g. crime gangs) - at the very least you can make your systems expensive enough to attack to dissuade them, and (depending slightly on what you're doing), potentially completely inaccessible to them.

It's not easy to do that - you need to design your systems with many layers of defence, e.g. you might design your systems so that that 3 or more independent and unrelated 0days are required in combination, which is likely out of reach/budget for most targeted attacks.

However you also included nation states in the category. Defending your systems against targeted attack from a sophisticated nation state is so close to impossible for most groups of people that it shouldn't be in anyone's security model[1].

While I don't agree with many points in the article, there IS a concept of unhealthy security absolutionism (nothing to do with cloudflare, though). Parts of the infosec industry have a tendency to declare things broken and unusable if we suspect possible compromise by a nation state - we should not do this[2]. VERY few users can reasonably expect to defend against these attackers, and telling people not to use $tech because it's suspected to be vulnerable to this is a disservice to users.

Note that the above strictly relates to TARGETED attacks by nation states, bulk collection and surveillance is very different, and more practical to defend against.

1: For groups that DO need to defend against nation states, this doesn't apply - but then for those groups there is no substitute to having highly skilled people directly available. A bit of googling isn't going to save them, and thus simply having a footnote of "If you're defending against the NSA, this doesn't apply" is sufficient.

2: An example is the NIST ECC curves such as P256 - around the time of the Snowden leaks, there was some speculation that the constants used for these curves were chosen by the NSA to make them subject to some unknown attack, and therefore some (even some respected sources) advised users not to use them. This, in my opinion, was bad advice for most people.
Apple is more than welcome to express interest in the education of people they plan to employ, to whom they plan to sell computers.

They begged for clear and fair tax principles for years (up until this letter) and this is happening. It just so happens that if they contradict themselves, or lie, the EU will stop listening.
> Ireland failed to collect the correct amount of money owed to the EC

Just for your info this isn't what happened, it's Ireland's tax money. The EC doesn't collect taxes. Instead the EC ruled that Ireland was providing illegal state aid (under EU rules) to Apple through its tax arrangements. So this loophole was nullified and Apple have to pay the back taxes to Ireland. The EU gets nothing (the EC is the executive body of the EU).

This investigation into dodgy corporate tax deals has nothing to do with Brexit (note that this is about Ireland, not the UK), and it's been going on for most of a decade now.
Breaking the Mold: Taking Charge of Your Development Process
But if this money is collected by Ireland and goes into the Irish budget, wouldn't Brussels get a cut?
From time to time I want to make a zine, but the distribution it is a problem. Startup idea time: I upload my PDF, the lists of address, and you print them and distributed them.
That answer could go a number of directions depending on your level of experience. I would say find a problem you need a distributed system before and then as said previously, use AWS EMR. If you're more interested in the infrastructure side of things than its always a good experience to setup a cluster from scratch.
I mean they have very valid point, this entire situation is exactly why Brexit is not unreasonable to me - I still think it's a net loss for everyone but EU is slowly removing sovereignty of member states and centralizing power. So many EU funded programs throwing money around here, if you're entrepreneurial you will have a better time extracting money from EU funds than trying to create actual products. I see a lot of crying about VCs and rich dads burning cash in US, we have government funds going trough corrupt politicians doing that around here.
I'm afraid the author is correct in using big-O here instead of Omega or little-o.

For comparison, suppose that someone claims that for all x, sin(x) ≤ 1/2. That would just be wrong. If someone claims that sin(x) ≤ 2, then that is true, but not as informative as saying that sin(x) ≤ 1. There's something special about 1 here. If you want to highlight that, you can say that 1 is the least upper bound for sin(x). This is a bit of a mouthful, but we cannot achieve the same meaning by just replacing "≤" by "≥" or "=" or "<". Any of these replacements would just make the statement incorrect.

Big-O is something like the asymptotic version of ≤. For example, how many comparisons does heapsort need to sort an array of length n? If someone says O(n), that's just wrong. If someone says O(n^2), then that's correct, but not as informative as saying O(n log n). O(n log n) is special here, since it is the smallest complexity class that contains the number of comparisons. Again, it is a bit of a mouthful, but we cannot say the same thing by just replacing big-O by Omega, Theta, or little-o (the asymptotic versions of ≥, =, and <, respectively). For example, Theta(n log n) and Omega(n log n) are incorrect, since heapsort only requires a linear number of comparisons if the array already happens to be sorted.

The author argues that random memory access time is O(sqrt(n)), meaning that for large n, it might take up to constant * sqrt(n) time, but might also be faster if the memory to be accessed happens to be very close. Using Omega(sqrt(n)) instead would mean that random memory access can take an arbitrarily long time, but at least constant * sqrt(n). This is not what the author is trying to say.
> That is not how things should work in a system based on the rule of law and fairness.

Not all law needs to be 100% formalist. It's perfectly possible to have a blanket law that says "If some tax evasion scheme is generally considered to be unfair/unreasonable, it can be annulled no matter what the letter of the law says".
My reading of the ruling is that the EU are saying that it's always been illegal under EU law, but that the Irish government had pretended that it wasn't.

What it looks like they are trying to do is apply a legally compliant level of taxes retroactively, not laws.
It's amazing that this scheme is even legal. In fact, I'm pretty sure it wouldn't be legal if Kim Dotcom did it.
Well, it's probable that no new houses are being built in the place where you were looking for a home. The local community is probably strong too, so not many people are moving away.

I can tell about Novi Sad (250k people, nice university, nice city center etc.), you can indeed get a livable flat for one or two people without kids for anywhere between 20k-35k euro. Though there are still some downsides to living in Serbia.

However, I was born and I still do live here as a freelance software developer (maybe at 30 hours/week, including time for learning new stuff), mostly Rails, nothing fancy, and I can tell that with a family of 4 I'm still saving 75% of my after tax income. Without trying hard to save money. That's what's keeping me from moving westward.
Benchmarks / comparison to using other container types would be nice to have
Kudos for them for finding that photo. I bet the guy who dug it up is getting high-fives all round and is feeling really smug. Tries to promote the idea that Apple (who put 'Designed by Apple in California. Assembled in China' on every phone) is as Irish as Guinness.
>>> they continue meddling in the affairs of sovereign states

That's their job...
HTC’s iPhone clone is getting a successor, the One A9s
which is not the case here.
We should apply this to murder as well.

(Yeah, I know you're saying it was legal under Irish law, but the whole point is that some Irish laws take precedence over others. In this case, their treaty obligations to the EU, codified in their laws, take precedence. If this wasn't the case there wouldn't even be a court case, much less a judgement.)
Divorce rates double when people start watching porn
That statement itself means very little. I would argue the value is created where thousands of workers turn designs into millions of individual devices; Tim Cook might argue value is created where slapping an Apple logo on the device transforms it from a regular gadget into a luxury status symbol. Either way the issue here isn't where Apple should pay tax, but that they should be taxed fairly. There are many international tax treaties to prevent double taxation, Apple simply need to pay tax like (most) everyone else.
The man in charge of Silicon Valley's watercooler
I've read this theme several times. What has she done to lead you to make this conclusion? Or is this no more than your own bias and fear?
It means all the code is defined in-line in the header file, inside the class definition, instead of the more traditional method of using a header and an associated cpp file.

A lot of the C++ standard library (STL) and Boost are header only (but not all)

This means to use the code, all you need to do is #include the header file wherever you need it, rather than including a header file and either building a separate static/shared library for the cpp file, or including it in your own build.

So that's really convenient.

Another thing that happens is that the by doing this, the compiler can potentially do a lot better job of optimizing the code by inlining parts of the library straight into your calling function.

With static libraries it is possible to get some optimizations like this made at link time, since link time code generation is a requirement for templates, but that's not possible with shared libraries since you are forced to call through an exported function entry point by their very nature.

Header only libraries are typical for containers or light weight libraries where the cost of inclusion and possible code duplication of code is worth the performance gains, and certainly very popular where templates are involved.

tl;dr, header only is cool just because they are so easy to consume and don't need a make file. Just #include and you are done.
Apple do not have to pay taxes on the billions they choose to amass in Ireland in "every country".
They have to pay them in Ireland where they decided to locate it.
Had they pay the same rate as every other company located in Ireland, that would have been €13 billion over all those years. (Ireland has low taxes, so this is just an hint that Apple Europe is very big).
Instead "Apple paid an effective corporate tax rate that declined from 1% in 2003 to 0.005% in 2014 on the profits of Apple Sales International".
They achieved that using a tax scheme that is on its way to be declared illegal by the international treaties Ireland is part of.
How is that "ridiculously stupid"?
SJI: What makes Apple so unique, is how much it pays in taxes... We began with a sweetheart deal that we really like...
The EU will get money from it because Ireland owes money due to the bailout a few years ago and membership contributions I suppose. But those are things Ireland would be paying with or without this ruling. At least that's my understanding.
The BBC article includes a picture of the dome's interior.

http://i.imgur.com/oQnNUfY.jpg

Is that a Tardis on the left?
This is actually not just about Tor. Their definition of "suspicious" is quite liberal and naive to be honest.

As an anecdote, I get ~1 captcha per month because I live in Eastern Europe. Add to that Linux, Firefox, NoScript and you're in for a fun ride.
> Apple pays VAT

That is incorrect. Apple doesn't pay VAT, they offset any notional VAT bill against the total of VAT collected from customers and pass-through the residue to the revenue agency.

Generally, each such trader in the chain of supply from manufacturer through to retailer charges VAT on his or her sales and is entitled to deduct from this amount the VAT paid on his or her purchases.

http://www.revenue.ie/en/tax/vat/

The non-corporate end-user is stuck with paying VAT because they're not 'adding value'.
I reckon the letter is intended to maintain support in Ireland rather than the EU, which is a lost causes. Given the rise of EU scepticism and Brexit (remembering the UK and Ireland are extremely close) if Apple can maintain support in Ireland, Ireland will continue to push back strongly and might be somewhat successful.

Of course it could also back fire with the EU (particularly Germany) playing hard ball with both Ireland and the Brexit negotiations simultaneously and any negative effects on the UK economy scaring Ireland into compliance.
I started an open source project for NoSQL training in all Big Data and machine learning technologies [1]

We have not done Hadoop yet - is there anyone that would like to help? We are considering crowdfunding to pay for all trainers so that the videos and book would be free - or should we charge per course?

[1] http://NoSQL.Org
Apple writing a rebuttal to the EC decision and addressing it to "the community" seems a lot like Twitter celebrities writing rebuttals addressed to their followers. Anyone else get the feeling this is Apple trying to mobilise its loyal fans against the EC?
If what you say is true, that wouldn't be a case of slippery language, but rather an outright lie. Taxes paid by their employees (your words) would be by definition not included in a summation of taxes paid by Apple.

Therefore, [citation needed]
Pre-Money vs. Post-Money Valuation: Best Practice in Term Sheets
Am I missing something, last time I looked they barely payed taxes in the US, so the argument is a bit of a moot point.
I've had the opposite experience: Saying one cross word against open borders or multiculturalism will have you branded as a racist, Nazi, etc.

The vast majority of people I've met who challenge these "virtues" aren't frothing hate-mongerers, but their rhetoric naturally becomes more extreme when their questions are immediately dismissed with these ad hominem attacks.
What's the likelihood of actually seeing a change?
> the presence of more police actually confirms the fact that there is more of a need of police in this neighborhood?

If we were to enforce all laws we would need massively more police in every neighborhood. When police are sent to flood a poor neighborhood they end up ticketing poor residents for a bunch of "violations" that they would also find if they went to the rich neighborhoods. But if they ever actually did issue all those ticky-tack tickets in the rich neighborhoods residents would be up in arms contacting their city council members and it would end quickly. In the poor neighborhoods nobody ever hears about it and the residents that can least afford it take the financial hits.
> Possible fake cert for Github
https://crt.sh/?id=29647048
https://crt.sh/?id=29805567

> Possible fake cert for Alibaba, the largest commercial site in China
https://crt.sh/?id=29884704

> Possible fake cert for Microsoft
https://crt.sh/?id=29805555

Yikes. If all of that is true, surely Google will permanently ban WoSign from Chrome? And I would hope Mozilla and Microsoft, too, but Google is usually the one to "play tough" with rogue CAs (and I hope they will strive to develop and maintain that reputation).
I kind of wish your response mimicked the article. "Are comments really so irrelevant?". "Rather, relevance is a subjective condition, a feeling or an intuition that comments are in some profound sense the same as the content that came before them. "
Where Are the Software Jobs in the US?
> not how things should work in a system based on the rule of law and fairness.

The problem here is that the rule of law and the rule of fairness had diverged, and there was a higher-level law forbidding that. This kind of conflict happens all the time. In the US, the most common manifestation is laws being struck down as unconstitutional. Governments are bound by laws too. When they break those laws by treating people unfairly, correction is needed.
Thanks :)

I actually have had inactivity detection implemented at some point, but I've resigned of this in favor for user-defined stop condition. But you are right, I will bring that back.

It's actually expected that in some cases it might take many generations to learn, as the population is rather small. In other attempts they can do this in like 5 generations, so please, tray to restart the whole process.

Keeping one track untill at least one car is able to finish it is not as good idea as it seems due to ovefritting. The will simply memorize all the moves depending on some insigificant factors and they won't be albe to finish any other track. I have tested that :D
I wonder if this ever happened to ancient armies
Sounds like you never owned one.
It bothers me that Apple has probably done the market research and identified that they have such a strong brand among some people that these messages work. First the FBI one and now this. Both misrepresented facts to make Apple look flawless.

The truth is already debatable in the US ('I don't believe the media / government agencies / research from the educated elite'), having corporations jump in to directly muddle the waters doesn't help.
I concur 100%. BTW, Apple doesn't pay the tax they owe in this country either due to moving IP to Ireland and other tax favorable countries. Of course, they'll just move to Panama.
How Driverless Cars May Interact with People
"Modernity" is a term of art that refers to the physical conditions and philosophical preoccupations of the modern world (ca. 1600 CE Europe, and after). [0] Through this lens, it's kind of a circular question: of course we are moderns because we're engaged with the philosophical preoccupations of the modern period (humanistic and scientific philosophy rather than Christian theology). When you look at the philosophical questions of medieval Europe, they just have fundamentally different premises and methods; Thomas Aquinas just has very different concerns and methods than Francis Bacon.

I'd think it was just a dud headline, were it not for the closing line.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernity
How very sad, another erosion of fundamental common law principles in the UK. In the last couple of decades, the UK has abolished the right to remain silent, the right to a public trial by jury, the protection against double jeopardy, the writ of habeas corpus, and the lack of ex post facto laws. Freedom of speech has become very qualified as well, with bans on various forms of "hate speech", and the freedom of assembly has also been seriously curtailed.
That sounds right, but is it right?

If I understand your position correctly then there is no room for the possibility that blacks (or the so called white trash) are getting in their own way. You have to look upon that possibility as a hypothesis to test for. Otherwise we might as well be treating minority group X like our pets instead of being autonomous human beings.

There have existed a great many persecuted peoples in recent history, the Irish, the Jews, the Chinese, the Roma. My race I know did much better abroad than in our home country, evidently institutional constraints were real.

If you don't look at all the data you're going to open to the reasonable accusation of the Texas sharpshooter fallacy.

In my view the question to ask is: Do there exist places on earth where this minority X have better metrics (or subgroups within the population)? Here we ignore genetics and environment questions entirely, we are simply searching for evidence contrary to our (often considered disagreeable in our present culture) hypothesis that the people X are the cause of their own suffering.

If not, then by induction we accumulate evidence in favour of the hypothesis. If so, then there is something that can be changed to improve circumstances.

For what it is worth, it seems clear to me that whenever there exist new frontiers, fresh cultural experiments can take hold and there can be new beginnings, with America itself being an example of that.

Even were it all genetics I would still have some optimism because this is something we can intelligently design around with our technologies, although that line of reasoning is treated as being deeply suspect in our present culture and time. I don't think that can last for much longer though, I and many others see those moral qualms as preposterous as the protests of the anti-vax people.

The last thing I'll say is more subjective, but I agree that class issues are the problem the US and Western countries face today. Had we superior economic growth these could be papered over but we don't have the kind of growth we need for that and so they shall have to be faced head on. Stephen Pinker's book on violence reminds me of the futurists who predicted permanent state of peace before world war 1, I think we're heading into some choppy waters.
Reconsider whether you really need to: https://www.chrisstucchio.com/blog/2013/hadoop_hatred.html

(although it might look good on your CV)
Step potential: http://www.esgroundingsolutions.com/what-is-step-and-touch-p...
Those with money and/or power get to make the rules. Dotcom certainly has neither compared to the corporations that he pissed off.

I'm starting to understand how vital unions were for being a lobbyist to the gov. That spoke from the people's perspective. There is a lot that I dislike about unions but their voice representing the people is missed.
The fact that you, and so many others, don't see it despite it being plain as day is yet more evidence.

Sure, racism is a solved problem. Pull my other leg.
Suppose the training data is a bank that has historically given higher-interest loans to minorities. Those loans will default more often, and so the algorithm could "correctly" conclude that minorities default more often.

But if the relationship is actually `defaultProb = a x interest_rate + b`, then the algorithm will reflect that. I discuss this case explicitly in the blog post I linked to in the section "What if black people don't perform as well?", and explicitly give an example of a linear model NOT doing what you claim it will do.

The fact is, both statements in this example would be true: "higher interest is correlated with more defaults" and "minority borrowers are correlated with defaults." The algorithm doesn't know one from the other.

No, it wouldn't because you'd also have cases of white people with high interest who defaulted. The model using race as a predictive variable would fail to fit those data points. I explicitly discuss this case in my blog post.

You are correct that in some cases you don't have enough training data. But in these cases, there is no particular reason for bias to have a particular sign. Again, as I discuss in the blog post I linked, why would Captain Kirk be biased against "black on left guy" vs "black on right guy"?

Insufficient training data causes variance, not bias, and could just as easily result in bias in favor of blacks. (In fact, I link to a number of examples where it does.)
You are wrong. Actually right, but why should you pay back? There must be agreement going forward. How about your family pays new taxes for the last 100 years, taxes that are invented TODAY?
This ... is pretty much exactly what they're trying to do. It worked reasonably well for them against the FBI, so they're trying it here.
If Trump indeed offers an amnesty to one time repatriate large corporate stashes into the US, and to lower C corp taxes to flat 15%, his candidacy may have suddenly become more likely.
Or maybe limit them to certain .cn domains? (Excluding well known targets?)
Its incredibly shameful. Thanks for pointing it out, had missed it first time through.
Inside the SpiderOak Web: Our CMS
Ah, "next".

I gather that European tax law prosecution must differ from other kinds, because if me and five of my buddies did a crime we'd all be in trouble simultaneously.