skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Some of my thoughts after reading this article:

Everyone seems to believe that achieving artificial general intelligence is inevitable. I'd argue that it's only inevitable if humanity survives long enough to make it happen. I'm not a pessimist, but the next 300-400 years will be the most difficult humanity has ever faced. In addition to climate change, population expansion, nuclear weapon proliferation, and naturally increasing inequality, humanity will face many more threats that haven't yet been perceived.

I believe building strong intelligence will optimistically take 3-4 centuries. To complete a "system that could successfully perform any intellectual task that a human being can," it is first necessary to understand what defines the human intellect and conscience. Although there is much ethical debate on what defines a conscience, scientifically it is a product of experience, and can be emulated if three requirements are met:

- The system can accept every input the human body can.
- It can process every combination of stimuli in the same way a human would.
- It can to the stimuli in every way a human would.

For these requirements to be met by software, we must either:

- Aquire a nearly full knowledge of the human brain (and probably body)'s information-processing mechanisms, and figure out how to implement this in software.
- Build enough processing power to completely simulate the human brain/body, atom by atom.

Both will not be feasible for an extraordinary amount of time, and it's probably better to spend our time worrying about the current existential threats to humanity.

A much more relevant ethical problem for humanity is that of eugenics. Unlike AI, recent advances like CRISPR/CAS-9 make it viable now, through modification of sperm-generating stem cells (not embryos), and like AI, it offers world-changing benefits (the eradication of diseases, lengthened life spans, increased knowledge and strength, etc), while also providing the keys for modern humanity's destruction (designer babies, lack of diversity, separation of humans into casts, etc).

Perhaps increases in intelligence driven by eugenics will even cause computer systems and AI to become obsolete.
And in science, it's impact factor (average number of citations of journals you publish in, not number of citations obtained by your papers)
There's nothing wrong with working later / longer from time to time, particularly when you're hyper-focused on a problem.

But making a habit of it -- or doing it out of obligation -- could be a sign that something is off (e.g. with one's time management or organizational skills, with one's life balance / priorities, or one's employer).
> Once the employees exercise and receive stock, they still may be asked to waive info rights contractually as a condition of receiving the stock if that was part of the option agreement

Section 220 rights are statutory. You cannot waive them. If you own stock in a Delaware company, you are entitled to inspection rights.
What about all the human market makers that went on to found HFT firms. DRW, GETCO, Jump, Virtu, etc. Bad guys as well?
I bet coral is starting to wonder what it did wrong.
First para: I think maybe you're confusing 'class' with inheritance from 'object'. A good tip is to do:

class Foo(namedtuple('Foo', (...)):
def __repr__(self):
...

Your 'Foo' gets ordering, hashing, comparison, because it derives from 'namedtuple'. It gets '__repr__' too, but in the example I'm overriding that.
1. you can find a boutique investment bank in your area and ask them if they'd be willing to pitch to sell your business. if you have a team of 10+ people still they might take this on but maybe not

2. you could approach one of the non-practicing entities (NPEs) and ask them if your patents/licenses are marketable and would they be willing to buy or pay you a royalty if they can find a licensee

3. you could just sell the desks/chairs/laptops on ebay and move on with life ... just kidding ... not a serious answer
Hi,

The classic issues that I am aware of are:

- Those in power have too much power and cannot be deposed democratically. As such they will assuredly become corrupt.

- 'from each according to their ability, to each according to their need' means that people aren't incentivized to strive and will be lazy and won't invent and innovate.

This page https://opensocialism.com/open-socialism covers these two points.

Are there other classical issues I am missing? Is there any literature you would recommend for this?

Thanks
You're not kidding.

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/lloyds-policy-to-...

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-26/credit-sui...

https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-05-17/rogue-bon...

What do you think of Levine's idea in the last one?
That impression crossed my mind. I'm not sure, though. Remember that a lot of people are visual thinkers that prefer to have a face and/or voice associated with a name. I'm one of them. I know what most YC people referenced in these articles look like given they have pics. The key men, esp sama or pg, usually had pics in many articles or stories so no need to ask for them. I'm interested in what she looks like for image-on-name even if not having one is ultimately inconsequential.

That said, I'd be more interested in seeing how she looks, sounds, and approaches doing a marketing presentation or sales pitch. Given her track record, it would more accurately portray her in her YC role and I might even learn something. :)
GopherCon 2016: Rob Pike – The Design of the Go Assembler
I'm skeptical that it's optimized for factory workers, even...
I don't think it is - less, bash, gcc, systemd, most interpreters, and Firefox will all pretty much just crash if malloc() fails - they're varying levels of things you'd want a "systems language" for. Unless you're trying to define systems language to mean one used for kernel or bare-metal embedded development (both cases where even in C, you skip the standard library and write your own memory allocation functions etc), there's really very few cases where you (a) are allowed to allocate memory and (b) need to fail gracefully somehow if you can't.
I did a bit of research a while back, and it seems like no mosquito fills a vital role in its local ecology. They pollinate flowers, but less effectively than other insects. They're prey for insectivores, but no known insectivore preys primarily on mosquitoes. Their prey doesn't usually die, so there's nothing whose numbers they're keeping down.
Free Culture Benefits Everyone but the Middleman
Wasnt the Titan II always fueled and armed? The Titan I had to be fueled but the Titan II that lines up with that war could be launched in less than a minute.
so, when you did have access to the internet, did the cloudflare captchas drive you as crazy as they do me ? how was the cpm (capthas per minute) ?

seriously : it seems cloudflare drives about 90% of the sites I visit, judging from the "I'm not a robot" questions and captchas I get. congrats on the market share.
How did you manage to equate this simple act of kindness to Facebook's entire future strategy?
I do not believe DRW is colluding with Virtu to keep spreads wide. In fact, all available evidence overwhelmingly suggests that the opposite is happening.

But human market makers colluded routinely, and in some cases famously.
We never had something nearly as elaborate as this but in Fiji, having anything more than dial up was considered a luxury. Portable Hard Drives weren't as common and USB sticks didn't store as much as they do now. It was all about burning CDs and handing them to friends at school/work. I think this might be the reason why most bus drivers in Fiji have the same damn songs playing ad nauseam.
Falcor real-time rendering research framework
Basically he seems to be saying that when the SEC impose a fine on thieves, they are just meta-thieves: thieves robbing thieves, who effectively participating in the original looting by proxy, rather than helping.
This tends to be a non-issue, though. If you really love what you're doing that much, then it makes sense, and you are running off of additional energy.

This doesn't apply for, I would say, 99% of people, though, and definitely should not be influencing policies or standard hiring.
Do you have something more than an appeal to a much weaker authority? All I see as a counterargument is "EFF says otherwise". But EFF does not in fact staff experts in the development of zero-day exploits, and Dave Aitel --- apart from himself being one of those experts --- clearly does.
The C API seems like a completely separate topic.
What is the practical implication of this? In China Windows XP on modern hardware is still by far the dominant OS, so I would be very surprised if any of the major manufacturers would stop releasing drivers for that, let alone 7.
Green Dot was an interesting company to me. I knew a lot of people in poor and working class communities that benefited from it. Its proposition was simple with straight-forward benefit and small, easy-to-understand cost. No chance of getting in endless spiral of debt either that hit many impulse buyers. eBay friendly. Got big or dominant. Hard to tell as outsider given every company has cards these days.

Sharon, is there a good write-up on how they showed up, marketed themselves, and expanded to get to their level of success? I think lessons learned might help in many other ventures, including YC's payment investments.
Where is the Netflix documentary that goes deeper into this pattern

how about John Oliver
So, I've long since argued the importance of what Ned terms the "cultural difference", or the difference between dynamic homogeneous structures (lists/relational columns), and static heterogeneous structures (tuples/relational rows). There are important performance ramifications regarding the use of one or the other, and conflating the two (i.e. dynamic heterogeneous) is a strong design smell. Some languages "get it", others don't.

Python is not a language that "gets it", despite the article's examples. Python chooses the much-less-useful distinction between "immutable sequence" and "mutable sequence"; the lack of any other distinction is borne out by the standard library (as dozzie points out here [1]). Furthermore, the issue of immutable vs. mutable is totally orthogonal to that of dynamic/static and homogeneous/heterogeneous. There's no reason that "cultural" lists need be mutable, or "cultural" tuples need be immutable. So Python's choice doesn't make sense from this angle either.

For example, OCaml has both immutable lists and immutable tuples; its type system enforces exactly the "cultural difference". Similarly with C, which has both mutable lists (arrays) and mutable tuples (structs), both of which can be rendered immutable (const). Why Python chose lists (and only lists!) to have both immutable and mutable flavors, with otherwise identical semantics, is beyond me.

Erlang used to "get it", but they lost the thread when they came out with heterogeneous syntax support for a homogeneous structure (map). TLA+ totally conflates tuples with lists, but its type system is rich enough to enforce the difference (and as a bonus, allows for the elusive static homogeneous structure).

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12323849
And there's a firm guarantee that you can't cheat unless you beat the physics of light propagation...

Or find a way to route around the 30m cable...
High school academia is nothing like undergraduate academia which is nothing like graduate academia. Graduate academia is awesome unless you get stuck under a professor who tries to use you as a grunt worker. It happens but it's not the norm.
The Unofficial Apple Calendar Library. View. Control. For iOS and TvOS in Swift
Decommissioning Otto
Condescension abounds! :-)
In the US, "salaried" is not a legally meaningful designation of employment. The term that applies here is "exempt". Workers who are paid by the hour and are "non-exempt".

Exempt employees (i.e. "salaried" workers in the US) are not paid by the hour and, so, it does not matter if they eat lunch for 6 hours, code for 1, and sleep for 2.

Their remuneration has no relationship to the length of their lunch breaks nor to the length of hours they code, are in meetings, take water cooler breaks, etc.

So, if you've worked in a salaried position in the US, it is true "Lunch was never considered to be paid time" but only because for all exempt employees neither is coding/meeting/managing/planning/napping considered to be paid time.

In the US, exempt employees are remunerated irrespective of how many hours a week they work.

EDIT: spelling, capitalization.
From my perspective, Netflix and other legal streaming services have dealt quite a blow to the torrent scene. I'm sure there are private trackers that are alive and well, but the scene in total seems diminished even from a few years ago.

Personally I prefer to do my 'piracy' the old-fashioned way: at my local public library. Better selection than all but the most elite torrent sites...
Thank Heavens for Email Clichés
Sure nothing is perfect and I did not say that we shouldn't improve sandboxing but I do not think that moving everything into the browser is the better alternative. The problem doesn't get easier only because it's in the browser and as a nice topping every random website is now free to try to break the sandbox.
When calculating how long Americans would need to remain in fallout shelters, the assumption was made that ground bursts would be used wherever that is the most effective way for the attacker to achieve his objectives. Certainly, they would be used to attack hardened underground bunkers and the ICBM silos.

Yes, ground bursts produce a lot more fallout than air bursts, but that has been taken into account when calculating that most Americans would need to stay in their fallout shelters for 2 or 3 weeks at the most.

The science behind fallout is well-understood.
There are more popular and worse languages, for example Javascript:

- no classes (so people end up emulating them: Backbone has methods to emulate class declaration and class inheritance)

- no type hinting. You cannot specify function argument type or return type. It makes code harder to read and to maintain.

- too forgiving. You can divide by zero or mistype a property name and get no error. You can add arrays to strings. It makes bugs harder to find.

- no coding standard. Everyone uses whatever style they like

- no single modules standard

- no syntax for asynchronous operations

- difficult to install XML library on Windows (you need to setup a Visual Studio to compile binary modules)

> Heroku + Ruby on Rails gets close[1], but it took them nearly 10 years to catch up.

You have to learn Linux and command line to use Ruby. No wonder it is more difficult for a newbie. Deploying and running an application is more complicated in Ruby. Also with long-living applications it is easy to get a memory leak.

But recently PHP started to depend more on CLI tools too (installing and using composer might be not easy for people who got used to GUI and don't understand concepts like "working directory").
I wasn't thinking HomeAway, I was thinking every hotel chain out there.

You said within 2:1, so Pinterest and Snapchat definitely qualify if you are counting their competitor as Facebook. Unless you meant 1:2, which doesn't make sense for your argument.

Sounds like you agree then that Thiel's "You must be a monopoly" argument is bunk? Haha, I'm still confused by your comments.
More or less. Knowledge and education, while maybe not wholly orthogonal, are certainly not all that strongly correlated, and the credential itself has perhaps never held a lower value. What is something that's very costly and not worth much, if not a luxury?
If the bank didn't have to pay the fine, the money would have went to the shareholders. But it was the shareholders who were being defrauded in the first place that made the guy become a whistle blower.

The crooked executives got their bonuses and didn't have to pay a fine.
Since the term hacker has become so widespread I think it's hard for people to appreciate the difference between scenes calling themselves hackers, but also to recognize other forms of computer subculture.

I also think the previous commenter makes a mistake in not recognizing the influence of teenage angst on hacker culture, like many other subcultures.

Young, mostly male, persons form groups, use nicknames, makes their own publications, rejects the (some) rules of society and try to decide who is the best is almost every subculture at the end of the last century. From punkrockers and ravers, to graffiti writers and street gangs.

I think there's value in knowing how things were and what makes a culture.
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For me, aged 12, the manifesto was a beacon telling me that I was not alone. Nobody I knew IRL shared my interests, no authority saw my curiosity as anything but disruptive. But now I knew there were people, enough of them that they had a name and a 'manifesto', that I started on the road to feeling OK about myself. Through subsequent expulsion from school, arrest by the SS, and worse, that confidence kept me going and eventually helped me turn my life into a positive story. +1 for these words serving as inspiration. Honestly changed my life.
Agreed.

The only proof of consciousness case we have (i.e., consciousness arising from Big Bang gases and getting to this conversation) incorporated sense-motor-environment-sense loops. Don't know if it can happen without such interactions, but the one route we know worked, used them.
Most Cubans don't have internet access today because $2 for wifi access is a lot of money, and there are still restrictions, and you either buy it illegally or show your id at a government office and face the risk that someone has decided to pay attention to you.

But the success of things like in this article shows that there are a lot of desire for access, which means that once internet connectivity is liberalised and prices tumble, there is likely to be a large demand quite quickly. Yet from a population that is not likely to be able to pay for large upgrades to external links very quickly.

That's an ideal scenario for Cloudflare, in that you'll have demand from Spanish-language businesses outside Cuba to reach a market that once the floodgates opens is likely to grow very rapidly, especially due to the sheer amount of people in the US with connections to the island. If you can broker reduced latency, it will be a big competitive factor for Spanish language businesses that wants to target Cuba but doesn't want to put servers locally.

So don't worry. I doubt Cloudflare is hoping to burn your money to make a political statement (though who knows, it might very well pay for itself in PR), but rather is looking at it in terms of actual business potential.

Also, I don't know what the minimum size of a Cloudflare pop is. Unless they've said something (I haven't looked), for what we know the minimum they need is to be able to rent a 1U slot for a server in a suitably well connected data centre for smaller locations.

I've worked at places where "setting up a POP" meant exactly that, and I've worked at places that insisted on setting up $2 million monstrosities in custom built racks no matter how small the local market was. Unsurprisingly, the latter company went bankrupt.
Richard Clarke: Yes, It's Possible to Hack the Election
> The workaround is to buy a Kubota or a Lamborghini or another equally suitable brand without the knee capping. Is this not a reasonable market-forces-problem-solving perspective?

Why is it a problem at all then? Doesn't this option to buy a different product exist currently?

> Also, just to belabor the point, once a person purchases the John Deere under First Sale Doctrine they are completely entitled to replacing the computer with a third-party controller. Thus, that's Fair Use of the vehicle one purchased. Legally, in this context, John Deere can not claim that DRM was circumvented because the rights were terminated upon sale of the physical item.

Well, there is actually a huge pile of problems buried here. Namely, the pile of problems that proponents of DRM tend to not understand. Or to not even be aware of.

Are you saying that only replacing the computer would be allowed? Is it crucial that the computer is swapped out? Or is the computer also part of the machine that you own, so you should also be allowed to modify the computer itself however you like? I'd like to understand where you think the line should be drawn between what pieces of the physical thing that you buy that you are allowed to modify as you like, and which pieces are off limits, if any?

Also, it would be helpful if you could give some short indication of what you know about the inner workings of computers and software, so I don't end up explaining stuff to you way above or way below your level. Do you know some assembly? Digital circuitry basics? Theoretical computer science/halting problem? Complexity theory basics? Cryptography?
Not as little a difference as you might hope, in the case of atmospheric testing.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_testing_at_Bikini_At...
Since the definitions of pathogen is not just "microorganism", but "microorganism that can cause disease", the idea of "beneficial pathogen" appears to be a contradiction in terms.

That said, hormesis is a conceivable factor.
TensorFlow Demo in 5 Minutes
> High school academia is nothing like undergraduate academia which is nothing like graduate academia.

I never claimed otherwise. My point is that, while I lack firsthand experience in the area, I've worked with a wide variety of grad students under a number of PIs, and found them universally to present an impression of being stooped under a heavy load of debt, shit work, and misery. Perhaps that's unrepresentative, though, or inaccurately perceived.
The US will soon no longer control the internet's phone book
Fighting Poverty with Satellite Images and Machine Learning Wizardry