skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> The article showed a case that the other peer just quit alltogether. What kernel thinks about CLOSE-WAIT socket is irrelevant. The connection is _dead_. You can send data over it, you can attempt to read, you can try to close it gracefully, no difference. The other end refused to cooperate.

Remember that it's possible for an application to send FIN without closing the socket. In the article's case, the connection was dead, but from the TCP stack's perspective, it has no way to tell that case from the case where the connection is still alive on the other end.

While weird, and I don't think it's a good idea, it's possible for host A to send FIN over a connection to host B, causing host B's socket to enter CLOSE_WAIT, but to have the connections exist in this state for an extended period (many minutes) while host B continues to send data to host A. A totally plausible interaction is an HTTP client that connects to the server, sends the request headers, sends FIN (causing the server to wind up in CLOSE_WAIT), and then the server spends several minutes sending the requested data. Even if the socket were idle, the connection may be perfectly healthy.

Plus, even if the kernel cleaned up the socket, the application has still leaked a file descriptor (also a limited resource).

> Basically, any application has 60 seconds to flush the data and call the close() after receiving FIN. After that, it all gets weird. So why not enforce this 60 seconds and just move the socket off CLOSE_WAIT to some next stage?

For the reasons I mentioned, as long as the socket is open in the application on host B, I don't think the kernel can conclude that the program is done with it.

That's okay, because this isn't all that hard to handle: if host A has actually closed its end of the socket (rather than just sending FIN), then as the post describes host A's socket will typically close about 60 seconds after receiving the ACK for its FIN. In that case, if host B continues sending data, it will eventually get an RST and socket operations will fail with ECONNRESET. No connection will be leaked.

As I understand it, the problem only happens when host B stops sending data (because the socket is leaked), in which case it will never realize that host A is gone. This is not very different than the case where the socket is still ESTABLISHED and host A has panicked, power-cycled, or failed in some other non-graceful way. A likely solution to both of these would be to use TCP keep-alive or application-level keep-alive, which will cause the same ECONNRESET behavior, and no connection will be leaked.

I agree that this case is very non-obvious, and I ran into a very similar problem recently that was painful to debug. But I don't think it's safe for the kernel to attempt to solve this, there would still be a leak even if it did, and the same mechanism that the application can use to identify failed connections in the ESTABLISHED state can likely be used to identify this case as well.
I would need to see the data. But already we can have a useful conversation about this fictional data, as opposed to a study where they gave an extra glass of wine to 10 people as opposed to a "control" sample of 10 more people and observed what happened. Such a study is basically useless given the noise in what gets published.

For years tobacco companies argued that correlation is not causation.
not me but: http://milkthepigeon.com/2014/03/24/happiest-at-work/
This is hardly limited to IBM or software development. Almost any business that relies on human to human "sales" is at risk of devolving in to a deceptive mess of complexity things that have nothing to do with delivering the desired product or service. That is dangerous because eventually competitors will be lapping you at a tiny fraction of the price.
Ask HN: Why no regex AND?
Why does the syntax for regular expressions include an "or" (union) operator but not an "and" (intersection) operator?
Ask HN: Are there any opportunities for an old generalist?
I've been working as an independent consultant for about 12 years. However, now age 40 with two young kids in tow, I'm looking for something more stable.

The crux is, while I'd want to get paid like a 18-year veteran of the industry, who would want to hire me for that? While I can write CRUD apps in about a hundred languages, do embedded, some FPGA, some image processing, some web UI, some tablet, some desktop, some data analysis, some magento, wordpress, AWS, Heroku, Haskell, etc., nobody is hiring with a need for "a little each of a bajillion skillsets". At best 3-4 are used in any one job. Also having worked primarily independently I don't have a ton of the management experience that is asked for in senior level positions either.

So while I feel like I've put in the time and I have the intelligence, have I completely painted myself into a corner? Even for consulting gigs, I feel like what I have to offer is not far beyond what a 2-year veteran with that specific skillset could offer, so how can I compete?

Granted I'm applying for jobs now and so it'll be a matter of supply and demand, but has anybody else been down this road? If you have and it sucks, can we make a general warning for other youngsters considering this path?
The idea I had for a restaurant review site when I lived in SF was to allow only positive reviews, and it's basically a binary "did you enjoy yourself?" > "yes"/"yes, very much". And require a photo of receipt within X days of posting the review to guard against businesses buying votes. I figured the restaurants with consistent bad service/food would just not bubble up as much as ones with real fans.
Google’s not investing in young startups anymore
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic_event

Hydrogen sulfide caused Permian extinction.

My favorite theory is that it was caused by massive increase in volcanic activity which was itself caused by a giant meteor hitting earth.
Well, that would depend on what you mean by "the world." Professors have first hand knowledge of a very particular set of social practices and institutions. These tend to be very important practices and institutions, but they are only directly experienced by a small group of people. Someone working at Burger King will typically have participated in a quite different set of practices and institutions. And there are a lot more of these people. Therefore the Burger King employee's experience with these practices and institutions yields first hand experience that is directly applicable to the lives of many more other people than the professor's.

I do think it is a mistake to leap from this conclusion to the much broader one that Burger King employees understand "the world" better. Not only does that claim not mean much of anything, it also discounts the fact that the institutions and practices to which a professor is exposed may be more powerful, despite having fewer participants. But I think GP's similar and more specific claim, that "highly educated people are out of touch with the realities of life of average folks," is very plausible.
Well, if you're looking for a solution where the whole cluster is perfectly/strongly consistent, then BDR is not for you I guess. What BDR gives you is a guarantee that the changes are applied atomically (i.e. matching transactions from the source node), and in the commit order. But there's no global consistency guarantee - that's a consequence of of the asynchronous behavior.
And there's the Storyreller, also by Henson too.

Stone soup...
Hanselman is a Microsoft employee and a luminary in the .NET community.
The audience for his blog is definitely Windows-focused.
Through most of grad school, I had two SGIs on my desk (well one was under). Both were SGI Octane's, still my favorite machine of all time. But it was pretty clear by the time I got done that SGI was falling behind, and they should NEVER have shipped a WindowsNT workstation.
Nice garbage title about an experiment where the interviewed researchers repeatedly say that they're explicitly not claiming that "physics is broken".

While yes, one interpretation could be that this indicates some new physics, the most likely explanation in their opinion (which might be a bit more trustworthy than the "journalists") is that the physics is as-is but simply our current/earlier estimates of the Rydberg constant are wrong, and that this needs some extra experiments to verify.

The earlier article at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12270483 about the same experiment explains this far more better, this is a poor quality dupe.
Why is there no way to separate the good from the bad? Just have a strict "one strike and you're out" policy.

It's certainly a fallacy to say that a plan is impossible because no one has done it before; everything has a first time. It's irrelevant in this case, however. FDR implemented it, it was called the Civilian Conservation Corp and it was awesome - we got a national park system out of the deal. India does it too.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rural_Employment_Guar...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps

South Africa and Argentina have similar programs but I don't know as much about them.

http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/wp_534.pdf

http://www.epwp.gov.za/
I find it fascinating that when sufficient time has passed, it becomes acceptable to joke/make light of an event that killed 1000+ people.

By the way, I don't make this comment to embarrass or shame you; just making an observation. Sometimes I too grin at such jokes, but reflecting on the very real lives lost (and the countless family/friends of those who were connected to them) quickly sobers me.

And thanks for mentioning the plugin; downloaded! (I don't care for its use in this particular article but I'm sure it'll give me some chuckles when browsing tech articles)
Accessibility: From Legal Requirements to SEO Benefits
https://lwn.net/Articles/692208/ and https://lwn.net/Articles/692953/
Ah the famous archaeologist and scientist James Cameron?
Except this is a reality that was blindingly obvious to people outside of Microsoft, and yet they maintained their ridiculous stance for many months.
Great job! Very informative.
By that logic any problem cannot be a long-term problem because it will be solved at the heat death of the universe.
I have a t450s and have been running Fedora since last version, never had any problems that weren't related to what I changed on the OS. I'd consider the user experience overall to be more smooth than Windows, though not quite perfect. You may have an issue with nonfree binaries/codecs not working out of the box, but I've resolved all of those with rpmfind.net[0], and haven't had to worry about third party repos. Obviously that'd be a problem for some users.

I think Korona[1] is a spin of Fedora that has this stuff included by default, so if you want Linux that works out of the box, Korona + any Thinkpad is probably your best bet.

[0] http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/index.html
[1] https://kororaproject.org/
A team of researchers at MIT has developed self-shading windows
Take this as user feedback.

I downloaded the app and it asked me for a forced login using Facebook, with no other choices.

I was expecting to at least be able to bypass the login screen, browse the app a little, and login once I have something to contribute to it or do something with it, but I never found the option.

I don't mind creating an account, but I do mind sharing my Facebook profile even if it's as little as the name and email. An additional option to just register using email would be welcome.

I just uninstalled it and moved along.
Finding things in your home is probably better done via BT / NFC / RFID though, GPS reception is not going to be good indoors, and typical accuracy isn't good enough to tell you to look behind the chair.
"Also worrisome is Lake Kivu, a lake over 1,000 times larger than Nyos and in a much more populous area."

I stayed on the Rwandan side of Lake Kivu and had a great relaxing time. Met many peace core volunteers.

Lake Kivu is a major source of methane gas, which powers much of Rwanda. I am assuming they are very aware of the dangers. If something like that would happen at the scale of Lake Kivu, it would be a major catastrophe. That said, I encountered nothing regarding the potential of disaster. Nothing like tsunami/flood zone warnings. Rwanda tends to be a bit more western (aka not chaotic African) in its safety precautions. The DRC on the other side would definitely be more lax.
No, populists were wrong about the issues that they were focused on. That doesn't mean that intellectuals were right, about anything.

Intellectuals can be wrong on any given issue (especially since, for any issue, you can find an intellectual on both sides). But more to the point, intellectuals can be wrong (or at least completely out of touch) in the choice of questions that they think are important.
In my experience, there's no reason to assume that a professor has a better understanding of the world than someone working at Burger King, either. You can be smart and lettered and still ignorant. The trouble is, being smart and lettered means you're a lot less likely to notice.

In general, I think a lot of people in this thread are confusing the stereotype threat they experience around the "unworldly intellectual" idea, and what Lind, who is himself an intellectual of no small repute, is actually saying. It seems like there might be more light and less heat in the discussion if everyone were to take a moment and reflect on the difference. But I'm sorry to say I don't have much confidence that will happen.
Team USA Isn’t Getting Better – World Basketball Is Getting Worse
I'd thought about including a "(well, occasionally)" parenthetical with that sentence, but figured it distracted from the main point of the comment. Regardless of fairness, the point was that workers paid for goods with the same money that they were paid for their labor. None of this "pay for services with your data, such that other companies may or may not be able to sell you more in the future depending on quirks of your psychology" complexity that seems to feature in the modern economy.
I wouldn't think so. Previous unions started one company at a time. If the company has US workers who are willing to unionize, the union has instant power to block or limit many attempts to gut the workforce through offshoring, etc.
The existence of some very smart KFC workers doesn't mean that on average McDonald's workers are as intelligent as professors.
Ask HN: What is the best way to promote your web application?
It has been almost 8 years since this post:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=341138

A lot of the content is nice, especially petercooper's answer, but I feel like the internet does not respond to self promotion in the way it did Can we aggregate some ideas on obtaining/retaining site traffic?
> The isolation of academia from reality is so large that you almost have to say it is deliberate.

Yes... but for context, we can compare an academy with a factory, a military, a primary school, a hospital, a ride-share, or a church. If a person spends the majority of his time on writing papers, shaping steel, marching in formation, tagging on a playground, tending to sick people, driving strangers around the city, or praising god... well, all that focused labor is going to warp his world view a bit. And that is quite deliberate. Institutions are defined by how they isolate their members, direct their members' focus, and acquire comparative-advantage.

Of course, institutions in our time are not absolute. If we turn our attention away from categorical institutions... and instead look at individuals... then the situation gets much more interesting and less dark (but still imperfect)...
Lake Tovel in Italy used to turn red in the summer. Here is both the reason why from both a legend and a scientific viewpoint: http://www.albergolagorosso.it/eng/perche_lago_rosso.php
Heh. What I learned as a product manager by watching 100 hours of Hallmark movies. https://medium.com/product-hospice/100-hours-of-hallmark-mov...
We updated the link from https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2016/08/hacking_elect..., which points to this.
> Isn't that exactly what the automatic closing is supposed to prevent? Couldn't deliberate or accidental connection interruptions eventually cause a DOS?

Yes, exactly. My point was that until the application closes the file descriptor, it's up to the application to deal with that issue. (Many public-facing web servers close idle sockets for this reason.) Only once the application has closed the socket does it become the TCP stack's responsibility, and that's why the 60-second timer exists. But that timer exists only for sockets whose file descriptors are closed.
You can easily resolve the dilemma without invoking free choice. In both cases you want the person not to run over any more people. The guy who slept at the wheel will be very unlikely to repeat the act, since he didn't pursue it on purpose. We will benefit from giving him a lighter fine and maybe having him spend time with a psychiatrist to correct his behaviour. The second guy will probably not be corrected by gentle persuasion and needs a different mental patch. We will cause him pain and suffering greater than his enjoyment of the act so that next time his utility function will prefer not running people over.

If they have free will, the conversation is exactly the same. You want to achieve behavioural modification and recuperate property damage.
Just $5k! No no no.
In a way, and just posted somewhat related: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12277689

I enjoyed it for a while (worked ~75%, traveled ~25%), never really did both together, but I don't know if it's going to work out so well in the end.
You can download the DR app on an Apple TV and watch Danish television.

Strangely a lot of reshot UK programmes.

My particular favourite was putting a camera on the front of a train: Helsingør to Helsingborg the long way round.

I'll get my coat.
I don't disagree with the description "process theater", but its a common part of the overhead of enterprise contracting (often as a result of the demands of the customer, and often central to the compensation structure), and even a bigger part of the overhead of enterprise contracting that involves subcontracting.

"Securing revenue through enterprise development contracts" is a different discipline than "software development", and optimizing an organization to perform on the former can involve compromising on the latter. (The entities that understand software development well enough to align incentives of contractors well with effective delivery of value are usually the ones that don't need to contract development out in the first place.)
What do you mean you're not using their API? If you're screen scraping the content, you're still violating their terms of service.

"You also agree not to, and will not assist, encourage, or enable others to:"

"Use any robot, spider, site search/retrieval application, or other automated device, process or means to access, retrieve, scrape, or index any portion of the Site or any Site Content;"

https://www.yelp.com/static?country=US&p=tos
> Do you honestly think someone working at Burger King has a better understanding of the world than a professor?

They definitely have a better understanding of that slice of the world that they experience while the professor doesn't.

The whole point of the article is aptly summed up by the "let them eat cake" anecdote, by the way.
LOL you mean you hope some people will use this app and send you money?

Come on, you at least have to make it seem genuine...
Great points. Ultimately, it seems to boil down to deferring tax to the future instead of the present resulting in higher gains for everybody, and having the freedom to choose on how to give back. Both of which seem like the obvious after further consideration.

I'm really curious about your story. Would you be interested in continuing this discussion over email?
It may distinguish them (filter them for correctness) but port numbers must be unique across all legal tuples, right? So its still a 16-bit space. And the cost of adding 112 bits to each message is perhaps overstated in this modern world. Messages often dwarf that. Though agreed it would help to use a new protocol - once you have a uuid in the message header, you can design a protocol that omits all the other constant fields (ip etc) because the uuid can be associated at every stage with all that.
Ask HN: What specific physical activities have helped you gain weight?
I am in my late 20s and have been skinny all my life, although none of my folks are. Looking for suggestions that have actually worked for somebody.

Is it just about high protein diet and lifting weights?
I remember reading this in my high school English class, it was really the only substantive work that I ever come across on how not to write badly. I could never find another how-to work on how to keep your writing from being bad.
FWIW: it is extraordinarily unlikely you will be asked your ethnicity during the job application process at any US employer. Universities, sure, all the time, because they intend to racially discriminate against disfavored groups. Employers who do that lose large lawsuits.
One example I can think of off the top of my head would be automotive repair. If I can afford to let someone else do it, I will. That's not to say I don't think I could learn it if I needed to, but I don't ever need to. So, I'm happy to let someone "less educated" who knows more about engines do it. There are teenagers who know twice as much about how to fix a car issue. They don't know what the inside of a computer looks like, but they don't need to. Now, take that example and extrapolate it to several other facets of life, and you can say there's a big gap in an educated person's world and that of his less-educated neighbor. Yeah, I know math and physics and how write computer code, but who cares?
I always thought CLOSE_WAIT was due to unsent bytes after a close(). This definitely implies differently than my understanding, I'm surprised the article doesn't discuss SO_LINGER at all, from man pages:

>SO_LINGER controls the action taken when unsent messages are queued on

> socket and a close(2) is performed. If the socket promises reliable

> delivery of data and SO_LINGER is set, the system will block the process

> on the close attempt until it is able to transmit the data or until it

> decides it is unable to deliver the information (a timeout period, termed

> the linger interval, is specified in the setsockopt() call when SO_LINGER

> is requested). If SO_LINGER is disabled and a close is issued, the sys-
tem will process the close in a manner that allows the process to con-

> tinue as quickly as possible.

Am I wrong?
If memory serves, they're planning on it being "in core" on 10.0.
Actually the "current approach" gives you no bound on the stack size. You guess, hope, and test (or do this analysis manually).

While your general objection is good to always keep in mind, it is a tradeoff. There is no perfect solution when you're up against the halting problem (unless you're proposing to change the language to only bounded recursion).

What I'm arguing for here is for more than the single problem the OP is solving, so it's not a case of choosing one or the other and calling it a day.
I think you'll find Mercury is a solid at room temperature. You're probably thinking of mercury.
The middle class in the USA is already paying for such a service! When you pay taxes, the bulk of it is just redistributed to people who don't work.

All I'm proposing is that we restructure things so that instead of getting nothing for your money you get something.
MIPS then Xeons.
Technology (smartphones + software) has made this so much more seamless as to be be new again.
it's almost worth making a fake facebook / google for so many logins like these - to try new apps / websites / products
I don’t get it… What is it about LSI-11 is that makes it useful in this context?
The Kindle DX is like a decade old now I think.