skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Thanks for the correction. I'm curious: what was the exact relationship between NICTA (now Data61) and OK Labs? I thought the verified kernel work was spun off into OK Labs, but that's not the case?

Answering my own question, based on a bit of web surfing: OK Labs was spun out in 2007. The formal proof was completed by NICTA in 2009. This verification work continues today, within Data61.

http://ssrg.nicta.com.au/projects/TS/
Same, I learned DOS, BASIC and a bit of asm when I was 9 or 10 (late 80s), from a single book and mucking about. So did a lot of my friends. Kids learn pretty quick.

Good memories in the article, interesting how people went through the same stuff around the world
> so they get a "five star crash rating" but at the expense of real-world crash performance

Do you have any source for that?
Autolanding doesn't have the empty space, yet the first autolanding of a commercial flight with passengers aboard was done in '65.
DO's v6 needs work. They block port 25, and they don't even assign an entire /64 to a machine, which breaks SLAAC and whole bunch of useful ways of using v6.
This is true of Windows, any web app that you use, and more and more of any hardware that you buy (Nest, Tesla, etc.).

You're just describing the general state of the industry (which I also lament).
LeetCode Is Like Doping in Sports
Move to the US, seriously.

For reference, starting compensation for a 22-year-old fresh CS graduate in the Bay Area is $120k+ (higher than department manager in your list). 5 years in as an individual contributor or tech lead you'd be doing $150-$200k. My roommate was in actuarial and got the hell out when he saw the difference. Now he's a 'data scientist' and doesn't need standardized exams or accreditation to get a job.
Maritime shipping...
You could check out JetBrains AppCode[1], depending on how you're building. It still uses Xcode for the Interface Builder and Storyboard tools but you might be able to offload much of the process to AppCode. We've experimented with doing it, but I don't believe anyone has actually made the switch full time yet.

[1] https://www.jetbrains.com/objc/
Volkswagen and Audi Diesel Emissions Settlement Calculator
An attacker can send more than one packet, and likely make multiple attempts to 'verify' the domain under attack. If the attack window is 1 second, and an attacker can source 1 million (spoofed) packets per second, and the server is using the full space for source port and query ids, and there's a single resolver, the attacker can get a cert fraudulently issued about 1 out of 4000 times.

DNSSEC makes that much harder, so it's nice that their resolvers are using it.
Marquez has to defeat Rossi
The downturn is in startups. I see these bootcamps graduates being snapped up by large corporations all the time. Including lots of companies that are not as sexy as the big Silicon Valley firms, yet still desperate for tech talent.
This is a terrible idea, since nothing stops the onion TLD from being spoofed. The way the browser requests resolution of .onion names is no different than any other; to visit them you need to be communicating through some sort of proxy (possibly on your own computer) that intercepts both your DNS requests and the HTTP requests to the returned address. HTTP does not provide any way to validate that your are connecting to the intended proxy instead of a malicious one.

These same thing applies to .local, .home, and private IPv4 ranges, which can all be spoofed depending on where an attacker is in your network.
Being an Imposter Woman in Tech
I have heard rumours that, although this is what they state, they actually in practice do assign the entire /64 to the machine. Not sure if this is true and I have not tested it myself.

I see it largely as an attempt to do market segmentation and limit the usefulness of Kimsufi to push people towards their other brands. Unfortunate, but...
Well the fact is that the world needs software engineers and computer scientists, but it needs more software developers. Also software developers love calling themselves computer scientists and software engineers because money, and colleges don't want to teach software development because...
Not every software engineer has the fortune to be born in the USA :(
The power vacuum which is filled by government today is, I think, fundamentally not a power structure you can opt out of. Aside from moving, which is already how it works today.
yeah, somehow I feel this is less than optimal
What's meant to be broken? Looks fine to me.
Most places that I've seen have installed NFC readers at the same time they upgraded to chip readers.

That said, I've yet to see anyone actually use contactless in the wild.

I did, once. Because Discover was offering 10% cashback when they launched Apple Pay support, so I loaded up my card on my buddy's iPhone and went to Best Buy to buy a Surface Book. I've had zero other incentive to use contactless otherwise.
Stalinism isn't Communism as a whole, to be sure; but it was Lenin's men who threw prisoners of war into blast furnaces (not on Wikipedia, but I think this was in _The Sword and the Shield_, from the Mitrokhin archive); Lenin who robbed the peasantry at the end of the NEP; and Mao who created the world's largest famine. You can't sacrifice Stalinism to save the rest of actually-existing Communism; Leninism, Maoism, Trotskyism (probably, although Trotsky didn't rule for long), Kim Il Sung thought, Enver Hoxha-ism, and all the rest were just as vile. (Castro was less bad, but that hardly means no political prisoners at all, or no torture at all.)

Catch-up industrialization is easy; many societies have done it, dictatorships or not. Staying developed is harder; the USSR, like Argentina and North Korea, first developed and then regressed, which is not a particularly impressive feat. Meanwhile, China's development was stalled for 50 years because their implementation of Communism was more than usually destructive; it wasn't until Deng Xiaopang renounced Maoism and overthrew the Maoist die-hards that China finally began to industrialize.

Nor are impressive feats acceptable when they're built on bones; or was the opium trade justified because of all the money it made for the UK and US?

And the GULAG proper existed until 1961, with forced-labor camps for political prisoners (so, GULAG but on a smaller scale) existing until 1987; likewise, the VChK and its many renamings persisted for the whole history of the USSR, and I think the FSB is descended from them -- although they're evidently much less bad.
Julian Assange: 'A lot more material' coming on US elections
> do you really want to be in a machine that you have no control over?

Do you ever ride in taxis? Or as a passenger in any car? How is that situation any different?
> Also the battery has swollen up to a point where I can't even close the laptop.

You can get a replacement battery from Apple for pretty reasonable pricing (https://support.apple.com/mac-notebooks/repair/service/prici...).

You really don't want a bulging Macbook battery lying around. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNJXqy6bWow
> BASIC and a bit of asm

Lucky. I unfortunately picked up a C++ book from the library as my first coding book around that same age and was intimidated away from programming for a few yrs until high school. I wished I grabbed the BASIC book instead, which would have been far more accessible, but I had read somewhere that video games were made in C++ which led me astray.
They seem to fare much better, at least that I've seen. I've been in places that've hired freshly minted BS/CSes, but I'm only aware of hiring one bootcamp grad. She was exceptionally brilliant and motivated, and did the bootcamp to round out her otherwise excellent skillset.

I contrast that with some I've seen turned away for being able to make a Rails site, for instance, but with little or no knowledge of CS fundamentals. They too might have been brilliant and motivated, but they didn't come with the underlying knowledge they'd need to succeed in the roles we had available.

Bootcamps seem to teach tech, not theory. That's fine if you're hiring for that specific tech! My employers have been more interested in broad theory, though.
The original poster was talking about what would be better for the HN community. The HN community is a discussion forum, not a system of people privately emailing.
Pro tip on Glassfoor reviews: if under "advice to management" it says, "keep doing what you're doing" it's an HR-planted review. And given how often I see those exact words, I assume they all went to the same HR conference session.
I use Dropwizard in my day-to-day and I've never ran into any code generation or byte code manipulation.
You're curiously evasive in answering questions. And curiously eager to pick personal battles.

Just sayin'.
> I guess it's important to have a beer with your git-mates now and then.

Hahaha that's an awesome term for members on your team.
It's not a very interesting graph. Just a measure of the % of defects they found through time with respect to the total number of defects they found. It shows that the process was mostly linear (indicating that there are probably still more defects to find).
Chisel is another new contender in the HDL space
A good point, (although step 1 still saves you) the universal Achilles Heel strikes again!

I wish more sites would use a second factor for resets. This would prevent so many of these types of problems. Also, Windows knows that it's an untrusted network. Maybe warn about proxies if you have it (WPAD) turned on for Big Corp reasons?
And there are actually some use cases where NAT66 may make sense (various multi-homing and re-numbering avoidance scenarios). I think the jury is still out. I think we'll see lots of NAT66, but for completely different reasons than we've seen v4 NAT.

I do think those uses will tend to involve 1-to-1 prefix translation rather than many-to-1 mapping.
Can you think of any possible cases in which that logic wouldn't apply?
Aside from the individualist attitude that's prevalent, it's because we are still grouping too many things under the banner of computer science or engineering.

Neither of those disciplines has much correlation to general software development, so they fail from the start.
BOSH would be ideal for managing a Flynn cluster.

At Pivotal we're seeing multi-thousand VM instances of Cloud Foundry that BOSH deploys and updates gracefully.
I'm not sure that accreditation is so widespread. Most engineers don't get licensed. Most math majors (myself included) don't take the actuarial exams. Many people doing math and engineering related work (and programming) have degrees in the physical sciences (again, myself included).

Engineers have an "industrial exemption," where they can work without a license, if they do engineering for an employer. Rather than having things designed by licensed engineers, the work is completed, and then a licensed engineer signs off on it. Design review is often outsourced. For instance when we're ready to ship a product (an electronic measurement instrument), we hire a testing firm to approve the design.

Better watch what you ask for: If you look at the actual work that licensed engineers do, most of us would say that it's incredibly repetitious and boring -- basically poring over someone else's work all day long. I'd go nuts. I also couldn't be a patent lawyer for that reason. On the other hand, it's well paid and secure. A relative of mine had a long and rewarding career as a licensed nuclear power plant operator. In practical terms, he was a project manager.

New things are developed and become widespread before professional bodies can even react. I learned about microcomputers under the mentorship of my physics professors, while the CS department at my college was 100% mainframe focused. The CS majors laughed at my "toy computer." The early pioneers of Embedded Systems were a hodgepodge of scientists, engineers, hackers, and so forth. How long would industry have waited for a certification in Embedded Systems?

I think the multi-day-long technical screens are a separate issue. Tech companies have gotten themselves utterly freaked out about the terror of hiring the wrong person. Other industries don't have the same problem because they don't follow the same trends, and it could change overnight if tech companies get sick of it.
Clash (Haskell) and Chisel (Scala) are vastly superior HDLs. Clash is actually a compiler plugin that compiles a large subset of Haskell to hardware, while chisel is a DSL.
Hmm. The word encryption is pretty loosely used.
How New Zealand aims to wipe out all rats and other invasive predators
Formal verification is still a pretty young field, and almost entirely academic. This is the first time I've heard of verification of mainstream processors against a formal specification. I am not at all surprised that ARM did not already have people working on this.
Had some really embarrassing cyber issues,ran into some bad guys as well but my strong will to resolve my problems eventually paid off when i bumped into this black hat hacker, he can handle social network hacks, emails and school grade hack he is the reason i believe in the whole hacking stuff and he is my personal hacker at the moment cuz we don't lose such important contacts. Professionalism, discretion and work rate is top class.Hit him up at pyramideye.hack@outlook.com ...You would be amazed at what you'd experience.He is kinda picky though so make sure of the reference.Barry referred you.You are welcome.
Even Apple got bit by this issue. They sold an Airport home router which by default provided full v6 connectivity. They were promptly lambasted in the press for "putting their users at risk by not having a proper firewall!". :(

There was a time when perimeter security was seen as an adequate and acceptable technique.
I just tried to look up what is an actuary. The first two results were the same forum thread from a forum for actuaries, where the actuaries were complaining that people don't know what actuaries are. The third result was a page of jokes about actuaries. https://actuarialjokes.com/

I'm no closer to understanding.

edit: I took the swear words out of my query and got a better answer.

"a person who compiles and analyzes statistics and uses them to calculate insurance risks and premiums."
Ask HN: What do it take to be a full stack developer?
I am a software developer with varying levels of interest and proficiency in front-end/back-end development. I am would consider myself very good at Python & MySQL. I do data analysis and visualization. I have been writing quite a bit of code in JavaScript/NodeJS in the past few months. I am good at HTML and I would be able to find my way through CSS layouts and the likes. Would I be considered a full-stack dev?

At what point would you call yourself a full-stack developer? Are there Full-Stack devs here who can provide an insight into what your regular work looks like and what it takes to be one?
Regarding the swollen battery, if it's a Lithium battery it sounds like it may be close to failing. If I were you I would stop using that laptop right away.

I learned during my time at an RC airplane co. that lithium batteries can be very dangerous: they will actually explode in some cases.

Anyway, a stranger's $0.02. Good luck!
how is this different than TSNE?

https://lvdmaaten.github.io/tsne/

anyone looking for an explanation of word2vec may find this helpful:

http://deeplearning4j.org/word2vec
So, 3.5 million to develop safety equipment with electronics that have to endure wind, rain (at 90mph), shock, and general misuse (I don't treat my helmets with nearly the care I do my iPhone)...and still make a profit. My napkin scribbles say that would be a tall order.

EDIT: oh, yeah, and DOT/Snell testing. Don't know how much that is.
The key is that the "formal verification" methods[0] the author is describing are still novel in the hardware industry, especially involving "human readable" ISA specifications and HDL's.

[0] https://embedded.eecs.berkeley.edu/research/vis/doc/VisUser/...
But what are people really going to do?

Target the people enhancing for discrimination. I mean just look at the state of transgender relations now with targeted bans and targeted murders etc... That's not even someone gaining an advantage - it's just latent fear about differences.

Imagine instead if a trans-HUMAN is threatening your livelihood.

I don't think it's going to be pretty honestly - but in the end I think the upgraders will win.
Apparently programmers aren't the only ones who like golf…
>But it looks like the company is investing a lot on services as we can see with the Apple Music redesign happening just a year after the launch

This is a bit of a stretch. The "redesign" is basically a new skin on the original, fixing confusion that should have never existed in the first place. I don't think it constitutes a major development from such a large company and a year's worth of work. Meanwhile the Mac product line sits gathering dust and Siri either makes incremental improvements or goes backwards.

It saddens me to say but Apple seems to have become one of these lumbering giants that is too slow to change course and adapt to the changing surroundings. Are they just too scared to move fast in case they lose what they have? Or is there some systemic problem that is dragging the pace down? I'm sure any one of the engineers working there has 100 ideas and the enthusiasm to move them forward.
Yes, but they are not efficient: When updating one small field, like string, which is larger than the original one, the whole document must be resized too, to have enough space for the updated field. This is inconvenient.
The book "Computer Boys Take Over" by Nathan Ensmenger (https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/computer-boys-take-over) is a useful reference here. It goes through the early history of computing discipline and discusses how computing turned into a discipline, including professional organizations (including ACM, but also more "data processing" - think COBOL - oriented organizations). It also makes some fun points on interview process (tldr - it was broken even in 1950s :-)).

There are too many points in the book to summarize in a comment, but anyone who wants to read some - at least to some point - serious historical work on the topic should probably have a look at the book.
Saturn's hexagon in motion
What's the premium look like for an insurance policy for a private key?
This industry doesn't need a union, but it does need a professional association to protect and help engineers. Some things a professional association could do:

1) Provide legal muscle to individual engineers - If there's a legal dispute between a company and engineer, the company can just outspend on lawyers. It doesn't matter if the law says the engineer is right, the engineer can't fight a long legal battle. This will help with issues such as non-competes, off-hours IP ownership, startup stock/options disputes, etc. It also provides a place for engineers to report issues such as H1B visa abuse.

2) Politcal lobbying - The voice of engineers is not heard in the H1B debate. This association could lobby and make sure the interests of engineers are represented in the debate.

3) Accreditation - No more stupid technical interviews.

I want to emphasize, this is NOT a union. It does not do strikes, set salary, or any of the things associated with unions. The primary power of an association like this is pooling resources for litigation power and political lobbying that serves the interests of engineers, not companies.
I have my brightness as low as it can go on every device and #000 on #fff is definitely not fun for my eyes.
I'm going to have to invoke the Munger test [1] on this: rather than imagining an ideal regulatory body that works perfectly, talk to people in regulated professional fields (law, architecture, medicine) and see what they think about the regulators they have.

You'll get a mixed bag. On one hand, it limits major acts of gross negligence where a practitioner really didn't know a thing about what they were doing. In trade, you get a hierarchical, rigid career path where the people at the top -- the professionals/partners -- extract economic rent from those below in trade for their exclusive ability to practice the trade as independent professionals, not under control of anyone else.

Be careful what you wish for. Professionalization would probably benefit the old at the expense of the young, because salaries wouldn't necessarily track performance (or perception thereof) as directly as they do now, in tech. As controversial as it might seem, I really think there is a limit of how much value one can add as an individual practitioner software developer, and don't think people should necessarily get, or expect, raises for doing the same job year in and year out, just for showing up. So you can either plateau salary quickly, which is what we have now, or hit the same peak, but take a lot longer to get there. It's a complex issue either way but I don't think the status quo is actually that bad.

[1] After economist Charlie Munger, invoked when people mention "the free market" or "regulation" to the solution to any problem. Think about the business leaders/regulators we have, not necessarily ideal ones of our imaginations.
The Surface Book had power management-related firmware weirdness for its first couple of months as well. That said, Microsoft had it fixed by ~January-February as I recall it.
Being born in the USA is not a requirement for getting a job as a software engineer in the USA. It's hard, but not impossible at all.
There are a few, as people have pointed out, but why would they have any particular clout or influence in a marketplace dominated by the Church of MVP?

Practically every single piece of advice ever given about engineering and scientific practices on HN, or its cousin sites/forums, is that it's a pointless pre-mature optimization and should be avoided at all costs in favor of just hacking out and coughing up a piece of demoware that is loosely based on your slideware, both of which you're trying to sell to an audience that fundamentally doesn't care if it works or what its technical or scientific merits or risks are, and in that world I'm not sure where there's room for a vibrant and growing set of professional bodies because in that world the need for credibility benchmarks and verifiable rigor are almost entirely irrelevant.
Apple Sales Continue to Drop, but Services Are a Bright Spot
The novel aspect is "formal verification" methods[0] the author is describing, especially involving "human readable" ISA specifications and HDL's.

[0] https://embedded.eecs.berkeley.edu/research/vis/doc/VisUser/....
Ask HN: How do you break into software consulting?
My partner and I have, between us, built stuff for early-stage startups (including YC ones), later stage startups, big tech companies, and academic institutions. We're both going to have a lot of free time in the coming year and would like to start doing consulting work together, but aren't sure where to start - what are the best networks to tap into/things we can do to get the ball rolling?
HN uses Cloudflare (a YC company) and could turn IPv6 on for free with a single click.

But that may not represent the full story for them. Internal moderation and anti-spam may need updating to be compatible with running on two different networks that each have different approaches to numbering.

Even companies that 'get' v6 sometimes have rough edges. E.g. Cloudflare - which has been a great supporter of v6 for a long time now - has been known to send 'log in from a new IP address!' notifications because my machine automatically rotated it's IPv6 privacy suffix.