skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Many antibiotics classes seem to be partially selective at killing either Gram+ species or Gram- species.

For example, fluoroquinolones can kill both Gram+ and Gram- microbes, but they are generally better at killing Gram-.

Other classes have the reverse characteristics.

I don't know much about the types of microbes that cause periodontal disease.

However, my company was initially interested in treating Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). The problem with CAP (and many other bacterial infections) is that they can be caused by either Gram+ or Gram- pathogens. This means that if you're making a drug to treat CAP, you need an antibiotic that can "hit" both types.

A common occurrence when we were looking for a candidate drug that could treat CAP was that the candidate would be powerful at killing Gram+ CAP microbes and weak at killing Gram- CAP species. If we improved the drug's ability to "hit" Gram- species, we would always seem to lose potency against Gram+. It was extremely tricky to find something that was powerful enough against _all_ the relevant microbial pathogens.
Quickhatch.

One of Michigan's state nicknames is "The Wolverine State" and quickhatch is another term for a wolverine. It has the word "quick" in it which gets across the message that fiber = fast. Additionally it's low competition in Google as the only results that come up are a knife company and a few dictionary listings.

Boom. Check please. :)
> I disagree with the assertion that the UK has been an empire of any kind since roughly the end of World War II.

British troops were still hanging, shooting, and torturing people in Asia and African territories 15 years after World War II, all in order to maintain control over colonies.
Good explanation but still can't get him out of my head Everytime I look at Dilbert.
Um, simply generate a new code for every time an email is attached. Why not?
Unlike regular loans, there are no qualifications for the United States of America's student aid programs and loan guarantees — they are available to any admitted college student, even if you are going to circus college.

Whereas in Germany, for example, even though universities have no tuition fees, only 28% of high school students (equivalent to 1150+ SAT) pass the exams needed to go to them. In the US, we don't pay for the whole thing, but we have no gate to pass through other than getting a college to admit you.

The problem is the implicit assumption that colleges only admit the students that are quite capable of graduating, and that the degree will be worth it. Well, those things may have been mostly true at one point, I'm sure, but without any incentives, they're not really the case now.

Graduation percentage is the key to seeing how far we fall short. First off, check out this amazing article: http://www.demos.org/blog/5/18/14/college-graduation-gap or just look at the most essential chart: http://www.demos.org/sites/default/files/imce/satincomegrad....

Just to make this clearer, the average high school student scores about 1000 on the SAT (the NCAA only requires 800 for eligibility if you can pull a B average). The graduation percentages around 1000 are pretty bad, yet over 50% of high school students have gone to college since 1980, 60% since 1990 and up to 70% since then.

These graduation percentages are very challenging data. Especially looking at the students that can benefit the most from the hoped-for added earning potential. So this is difficult to confront, because it causes cognitive dissonance with our self-image as a country of opportunity.

If you were paying any attention during the mortgage crisis, you can see a pattern here. Everyone is encouraged to stretch to get the most expensive thing they can afford, and the loans are easy to come by.

Well, almost; private lenders are actually kind of strict, which means that marginal and low-ability students (or those who have poor college grades) are shut out. As in this story, they have to go to their relatives to co-sign loans instead, or lose their sunk costs (and dreams) for lack of those last few thousand dollars. Again, this is for students who aren't qualifying for debt that can't be discharged in bankruptcy...

If there was some kind of change to the employment market that significantly devalued the $1.3 trillion in student debt, that would be a heck of a write-off. So in our automated future, maybe we won't be deciding how to give everyone free money, but instead dealing with the gigantic amount of bad student loans we have on the books.

Again, this article puts student debt at $1.3 trillion. That's almost twice as much as is outstanding on all car loans, except that the cars actually exist. A lot of people never get to drive their college education off the lot. How much student aid should we budget to provide for students who never graduate, or even those who we are pretty sure never will?
It seems like several of the issues aphyr found were due to optimizations the product was making. Fixing them in a point release suggests they weren't huge changes with massive ramifications. I don't know what the key benchmarks for software like VoltDB is. Are these operations which are (relatively) rare in the normal deployments of VoltDB? Did these optimizations make more of a difference in previous versions of VoltDB?
I've had a strange preoccupation lately with the concept of "empire collapse" - the point at which a once stable empire's governance over it's people begins to fail, and eventually ceases to be able to manage it's territory, until it ultimately dissipates into a number of warring factions and/or outside influencers.

Originally I was attracted to the topic because the ascent of populist outsider candidates to power in the USA was similar to symptoms of political stress in historic empire systems. But after watching Brexit unfold so suddenly, it's become pretty clear to watch history in realtime, the United Kingdom is truly the empire in the very last stages of collapse to follow.

One thing the author of this article kind of misses out on however, is that empires don't just open the doors to immigration for no reason. Usually immigrants are brought in from the frontiers to act as a labor source when the native population becomes majority upper and middle class - too educated and wealthy to keep doing manual labor. This of course leads to accusations of a "foreign invasion", but the foreign labor is necessary to keep the wheels of commerce moving and everything just starts going to hell from there. It's really not an uncommon problem in history. The "barbarians" of Rome were
Wow, before reading an HN comment, never realized to associate Adam Pritzker as being part of the Pritzker family.

Not relevant but I actually work out of the GA Chicago shared space every now and then.

Never thought to connect those dots...just super interesting and impressive. L

This will probably get buried but wonder if GA is in the market for picking up some tech ed bootcamps
Ask HN: Family friendly beach town in California?
So I'm a work at home dad and software developer making an OK income doing open source development. My wife and kids are liking the idea of moving to California, but not for the Silicon Valley type of life.

What we would be looking for is a laid back beach side town where they can learn to surf, is not too expensive so I can keep working part time, and so on.

We were in Carlsbad a couple months back and liked it a lot, but priced out of our range. Years back I was around Ventura and liked it as well, but I have no idea what its like now.

Any thoughts? We're also checking out Mexico, Panama, Nicaragua, Costa Rica.

Thanks.
I always had good results with Advanced Circuits out in Colorado, but this is over a decade ago now.
Santa Cruz or Aptos.
I started learning Swift and created some video tutorials along the way. You can get started with very little or no prior coding experience. Creating the videos take time. I will keep going if there is interest. http://buildanappwithme.blogspot.com
My girlfriend who never plays video games had me walking around the neighboorhood with her, catching pokemon. This is the real deal, not PR.
An airplane, as multiple people have pointed out:

1. Is tremendously fragile. It's an inflated sausage with a fragile skin, with half its takeoff weight as highly flamable, very high-energy fuel, soaring at altitudes and speeds which will almost certainly tear it to pieces, more particularly if control systems are affected, from even a modest blast. You'd need tens to thousands of times as much explosive to do remotely similar damage on ground.

2. Survivors of any initial blast are unlikely to survive subsequent developments.

3. Of their nature, airline passengers tend towards the wealthy and influential: businesspeople, legislators, and others with significant responsibility and importance within social structures.

4. The vehicle itself can be used as a weapon in ways few other vehicles can. A bomb used to direct an aircraft to a specific destination becomes a tremendous lever (as in 9/11).

The bomb which brought down Pan Am 103 (the Lockerbie incident) weighed a few ounces. The bomb Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols constructed for the Oklahoma City attack weighed 7,000 lb and filled a truck.

The Boston Marathon bombing involved two devices, several kilograms each. Three people were killed. Yes, 264 others were injured, some quite seriously. But the same explosives divided, say, amongst a number of aircraft could have killed many hundreds, possibly 1,000 or more.

Yes, highly strategic explosives placement might be able to disrupt other sites or forms of infrastructure. But the physical, medical, economic, social, and symbolic impacts of few other attacks are as high as those on aircraft.
Indeed. Having the world's "professional" media editorialized by a handful of cartels/syndicates seems closer to an actual "empire" than Great Britain choosing to disentangle itself from the unaccountable bureaucracy that is the EU.

Perhaps the true solution to "empire" in this day and age is to allow the public to directly elect the editorialists of said media cartels/syndicates, or, to use antitrust laws to break up trans-national media cartels. Either way, expect a large portion of the New-York-Times-reading population to prefer a rarefied panel of "experts" telling them why the British are idiots for preferring local rule over the de facto borderless globalist utopia ( for every nation other than Israel ).
They contribute source, packages, they ship an R distribution with IKML available on multiple platforms for free... what's value-subtracted here?
I am exceedingly aware of the history of Christianity, its sects, its texts, and the many variations therein. I thought it was obvious the exchanges the parent was involved in were, from the parent's side, only referencing the canonical scriptures used by the church today. Thus far, the parent has given no indication that non-canonical texts or sects held authority. Moreover, non-canonical texts and discarded heresies hold little relevance to the primary matter being discussed. The multiple Christianities of history are a fascinating subject in their own right, but strike me as of little concern here.
I didn't get that from the article at all.

It pointed out how modern immigration was a large aberration from Britain's history and also why it lead to such a large reaction. That hardly seems like demonizing the leave side.
cayucos - better weather than SC

http://www.cayucosbythesea.com/
By monopolizing rare-earth metals, China could dictate the future of high-tech
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12080495 and https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12081159 and several similar submissions.
I disagree, but I doubt that we're going to agree, so this is where I will step out.
Holocaust Museum: Stop Catching Pokemon Here
Thank you for your Godel notes below! I'm going to check out the links.

I have the Brooklyn Institute for Social Research in my Facebook feed and they're mentioned in the article. I think the point of the article is to mark the work the teacher of the Godel class at the Institute did to digest the material for the students of his/her class.

The preliminary milestone of digestion of a subject for teaching is a syllabus, also mentioned in the article.
Before airport security, attacks on airplanes were rampant. Introducing basic screening cut that way down.

There is a happy medium between TSA molestation and not even attempting to stop the most obvious attempts to bring bombs and weapons. It's interesting and strange to me that so many people react so badly to the TSA that they want to do away with this stuff altogether. I wonder if they realize how frequent incidents were back before airport security.
Any notable quotes or stats from the book? I'd guess some of Tesla's stock value is tied up in the idea that the auto-manual transition of control does work.
There is an interesting genre of complexity that is justified (by its creators) on the grounds of simplicity. One sub-genre makes reducing the line count the primary measure of simplicity. Another sub-genre aims for the most generic and flexible code in order to simplify reuse and modification, regardless of the chances those capabilities will ever be used, or whether several different specific programs would be the simpler, faster and cheaper solution.
What does markdown have to do with text layout? It basically acts like a lightweight, readable version of html. If you don't like how it renders, render it some other way.
The stale and uncommitted reads was an optimization. It seemed like a harmless optimization to make at the time, and we were wrong. v6.4 allows you to pick strong serializability (default) or the old behavior at startup.

For 100% read workloads, the impact to maximum throughput can be significant. That's a pretty uncommon workload for us though. It's likely a single-digit percentage problem at 50% reads.

Two nice things about VoltDB users: 1) They often are very write heavy, 99% read-write transactions isn't uncommon. 2) Few are using anywhere near the maximum throughput for their machines. Most size their clusters for appropriate storage and redundancy, not throughput.

The lost write issues weren't optimizations, just implementation bugs. Sigh.
Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, and Human Capital Formation [pdf]
Comparison of RCTs with Observational Studies in Digestive Surgery [pdf]
Older fathers' children have lower fitness across 4 centuries in 4 populations
What's the interval between when you take your hands off and it decides to pull over? From what I've seen in discussions and videos, it's pretty long. Other car manufacturers seem to only allow a few seconds.
thanks. I left a bunch of details out - he claims I was just a volunteer, there was no contract, etc.... the problem with the lack of payment and injunction route would be a) he already is dodging a £30k bill for a legal case he lost and b) he'd never pay a measly £1k and so an injunction etc would cost more for me, realistically... he is using the legal system to extort me, IMO

for code that isn't worth much - why he wants it, I can't understand b/c the old site had a bad UI. Their new site is totally mobile friendly and looks much better. so this is just being vindictive or he wants the code for re-use

yeah, tortuous interference is what I'm worried about. but the site was never popular, maybe 20 new members a month at avg £5...
One death out of sixteen jumps is about the fatality rate I'd expect for parachuting out of an airliner like that.
This happens in politics too. And cross gender arguments. I don't think it's particular to religion, although I suspect the tendencies of religions to have a lingo makes it worse.
No, it can't. We went through all this in 2010: there are tons of rare-earths globally which simply can't compete with Chinese dumping, embargos hurt the Chinese economy, rare-earths can easily be economized on if there is any demand, recycled, or simply not used in electronics designs, and having done it once already makes it more difficult to do it in the future.
> Possibly formal specifications methods will improve to the point where we can reasonably use them, but we aren't there yet.

I disagree. Amazon has had great success employing TLA+ in finding bugs, testing design changes, and chasing aggressive optimizations [0].

Perhaps it is because there are myths that are still floating around regarding formal methods that still make developers cringe when they hear mention of them [1].

None the less I couldn't find reference to it in the book... did I miss it?

And besides... unit tests, I'm sure you are aware, aren't good enough alone. They can only increase your confidence in an implementation but they prove nothing.

If we want to start calling ourselves engineers I think we better start looking to how the other engineering disciplines operate. I don't think it will be long before an insurance company comes along and finds actuaries capable of monitoring risk in software development projects and liability becomes a necessary concern.

[0] http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/tla/fo...

[1] http://www.fm4industry.org/index.php/G-HM-2
http://Starterkit.att.com
cc65 (http://cc65.github.io/cc65/) is probably the most popular C compiler for the 6502, and its has support for many of the old home computers. I only use its assembler, since it's one of the most powerful, but I'm somewhat familiar with its C side of things.

I believe it uses a manual 16-bit stack pointer for frames, and zeropage for globals and statics. Pointers have to be copied into zeropage to be dereferenced, and I think it might have a numeric stack somewhere for intermediate results when evaluating numeric expressions. It's not super fast by any measure (simply due to impedance mismatch between C and 6502), but it does work and is quite mature.

As a side note, most 6502 Forths do use zeropage for the operand stack, with heavy use of zp,X addressing in their operators.
A Nodejs SFB(Separation of Front and Back Ends) Framework, Build with KOA
Tesla crash prompts NTSB investigation into autonomous driving
> This phenomenon can be confusing because outsiders might conclude that the process led to success when in fact it was the presence of people who knew how to build software successfully that led to success and the perception of process was a mirage.

See, I think this is actually intentional. The "process" itself exists to give management a surface area of metrics they can datamine for their own political needs, more or less independent from the actual success of the project or team.

I liken it to creating Dutch books. With each layer of management you go up, the pressure to create Dutch books that provide you with blame insurance and protect your bonus -- crucially, diversified across all different business outcomes -- gets more intense, and the people who pull this off get compensated hugely and can often make leaps into C-level executive teams.

Lower level managers might not consciously know about this, and on one hand may actually think there's some truly redeeming reason to care about the frivolous, irrelevant metrics (e.g. Agile burndown). But the higher up you go, the more directly and unabashedly people openly function honestly -- they know the metrics are bullshit; they know that you know that they know the metrics are bullshit ... they don't care ... they are just getting on with their own business of political games to diversify away bonus risk and arrange for metrics-based blame stories for scapegoats.

It's not that it's confusing where the credit lies. It's that people know the credit does not lie with the formalized process at all but that they need that excuse in order to politically manage how they get their share of the credit.

Unfortunately, I think despite the OP's strong efforts to present the topic in a useful, taxonomic way, the sad thing is that treating formalized process with this degree of veneration at all simply perpetuates the political system that needs inexperienced developers to roll over and play dead to the system.
How to piss people off (programmers, marketers, reporters and investors)
I used SAS in graduate school and I don't ever want to touch it again.
Coastal towns are expensive everywhere, but that being said:

Santa Cruz suburbs are a good bet; Soquel, Aptos, Watsonville (last is inland).

Or in the San Luis Obispo area: Pismo Beach, Morro Bay. Cayucos, recommended already, is here too.
It's great to mention github. Since you point out to be careful that some software has licenses, it is probably worth noting that software without a license means it reserves all rights [0]. No license != no copyright.

[0] https://help.github.com/articles/open-source-licensing/#what...
Virtual Box 5.1
That's a video by the guy who died.. Some have argued he could've been more aware of the incoming truck due to its short amount of time to make its desired transition from left to right. Also the camera was positioned farther forward than the driver's eyes.
Six years is a long time in software.
This is unfortunate to read, but judging by the characters of those who resigned and filed suit (known through colleagues), and the security footage, their account is believable. I doubt this is a power grab, why would they quit working on groundbreaking technology out of spite?

Seems to be a group who tried to steer the company in the right direction and lost.
Formal validation are perfect for when you know exactly what problems you're solving. Unless a business is offering a very specific solution like that, then it won't help them. If you're writing security software or low-level system controls or something. But if your customers aren't actually engineers themselves, formal validation is unnecessary and inefficient.

>There are plenty of open-source tools for using languages like TLA+ that work great besides!

Does your team know TLA+? Is it an efficient use of their time to learn it? Are a bunch of TLA+ beginners going to crank out properly written software?
Whites are now a minority in children under five years of age in the United States. Given the prevailing worldwide tower-of-Babel Zeitgeist, there is no reason why the same will not be true in Britain.

Hundreds of generations to build a civilization. A decade or two to squander it away. Disinheritance.
I'd like to note that Epicureanism is almost indistinguishable, practically, from Stoicism.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12081106
Show HN: Atom package displays tooltip with git-blame info
Google aqui-hires deep search engine Kifi
I've set it up to follow Solarized dark color scheme.

Yes it'll take some time to get used BUT totally worth it, especially when you're reading text a lot :D

I did test with light themes, I have to agree it looks worse compared to dark themes
Vine isn’t growing and most of its top executives have left
I think the point is that people should not start life by constraining their choice to some menu "Agile or Waterfall or ..." -- once you do that you're already dead.

Instead, do whatever works organically for your situation. Don't say to do whichever established, brand-name process (or, worse, some shiny new thing) -- that automatically casts the decision as if it has to be limited to a choice between a few specific (and all bad) options.

To be clear, there's a difference between saying "do whatever works organically based on the human properties of your team and your situation" vs. "do whichever one of these 2 or 3 big box things you can maybe lobby for."

It's like saying, "Here's a first course on how democracy works ... you've got Republicans and Democrats so pick one of them that suits you better." It teaches you to think that democracy (analogue to the ideal of a successful dev process) is intrinsically delimited into certain categories like Republic, Democrat, etc. (analogue to Agile, Waterfall, ...).

I think it's better that young impressionable minds are more open and not made to think in such constrained, delimited ways right from the start (even if real life will beat it into them later on).
How is a civilization being 'squandered'?
Sharing Netflix or HBO Go Passwords Is Technically Federal Crime
Why is it called Squirrel?