skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I am willing to give up my language in favour of a world language - in fact, I have already done that. I think in English. I write all my poetry, stories and dreams in English, I only communicate in that language unless it's with family or coworkers. I pretty much gave up on my native language. I feel like English is superior in many ways because it has words that my language does not, which forces me to describe awkwardly what I mean instead of using a single word. In German, happiness and luck are merged into one single word (da fuq?). German has no succinct word for contrarian (noun). Or another point for English:

Our language has wisely sensed the two sides of being alone. It has created the word loneliness to express the pain of being alone. And it has created the word solitude to express the glory of being alone. - Paul Tillich
The reason we have lots of programming languages is because:

1. They're not that different. Once you've learned a few, picking up new ones is pretty easy.

2. They're much easier to learn than human languages.

To answer your first question: I probably wouldn't stop using english myself, but I don't think I'd teach it to my children.
> javascript had the very same problems, but had good engineers to overcome the dynamic overhead

Sure, it also had Google to funnel an insane amount of money and engineering time/skill into it. If it's so simple to do then put all your ideas into a PEP and submit it.
And tha clones almost killed Apple, which is why it was the first thing Steve Jobs killed after his return to Apple.
Driverless Cars Consortium – BMW, Intel and Mobile Eye
It's still not clear to me. Are you suggesting that uses not be notified of a potential yet not verified security hole or not?
Uncovering Memories of Alleged Sexual Abuse (1992)
Yes, of course, but the rationalization is strong with u/carbocation for reasons that can easily be guessed at.
It can also be one or the other...
I don't see the correlation. The author is talking more about systems. The difference with AI is that it will have all of the knowledge within a system and thus be able to make incredible connections between disparate fields of knowledge.

On a separate note, I had an interesting thought about AI as I was looking at a cool architectural photo. I would love to design a building, but I don't know a thing about it. It would take me years just to learn all the details. Then, I thought, one use of AI may be to connect with our brains and make learning easier. Imagine if we could instantly learn all the fundamentals of architecture, then use our creativity to create our own designs. It's a mix of AI and human creativity, neither one replaces the other.
That's how they took over Oakley. They cut off their distribution channels. Luxottica took over Sunglass Hut and pushed out Oakley. Oakley had to sell out to Luxottica. Then the prices for Oakley went way up.

Luxottica did something similar with Ray-Ban. Their products used to sell for around $19 in gas stations. After the Luxottica takeover, they became a "luxury" brand, with prices from $129 to $300.
Here's an El Dorado - https://www.google.com/maps/place/33%C2%B012'49.0%22N+92%C2%... ;)
> For example, why are people bothered that there are people who are into conspiracy theories?

I upvoted, because you bring up a good general idea if we consider all humanity as holonic items in a larger system. However, in the case of conspiracy, most individuals find their time wasted.
I meant the returns to becoming a doctor, not general medical practice returns. (Was that not clear? The very next sentence, after I mentioned the monopoly, referred to the returns to becoming a doctor.)

Are you saying that the financial return to becoming a doctor is lower than for other occupations? If not, then you probably misunderstood the argument. Medicare doesn't somehow lower the return to becoming a doctor.

>Aviation is highly regulated, but neither airlines nor passengers are monopsonies, so the analogy doesn't work.

The relevant buyer would be the passengers or the employers of doctors, neither of which is a monopsony, and the use of airlines was arbitrary. Again, the point is that (lack of) governmmet subsidies can't be a bottleneck when existing revenues suffice to pay for whatever expansion is necessary.

In three comments, plus two citations, you have not provided substantiation to address the point (that lucrative businesses can't be bottlenecked by subsidy caps), and at this point I don't think you understand the criticism, but prefer instead to dismiss any clarification of the relevant dynamics with "oh that's regulated".

I request that you stop propagating your argument (and dismissing critics as having a "misconception") until you understand these criticisms better.
Probably. I glanced at the asm to make sure the loop was still there (which it was, possibly because it loops over an int, and sums doubles?) and couldn't see anything that stood out. Still a little surprised that pypy without warmup is faster than c++ for this silly thing.

[ed: On this system, eliminating the loop by hand looks like:

#include<iostream>
int main() {
double s = 100000000;

std::cout << s << std::endl;
return 0;
}

$ g++ --std=c++14 -O3 float2.cpp -o float2 \
&& time ./float2
1e+08

real 0m0.001s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s

Just for completeness.]
Would you say that the United States disclosing the Saudi's amount of US treasury holdings is indicative of that support being walked back ever so slightly?

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-16/u-s-disclo...
A few points from the video:

> Which of these languages has the lowest number of defects per line of code?

Obviously the language that does the least per line of code. This is not a measurement of reliability; it's a measurement of verbosity.

> I looked at a bunch of GitHub issues, and dynamic type errors make up a tiny portion of the total amount of issues.

Is the three exceptions he quoted an exhaustive list of things that static type systems prevent? Obviously not. Writing "My name is " + name won't give you one of those errors if name is null. It will output corrupt data instead. Yet it would be prevented by a modern type system.

> Some study from 2000 that has ancient C++ and pre-generics Java 1.3 as the representatives for static typing.

These are not good representatives for static typing. Java 1.3 didn't even have generics, so absolutely no static type safety for collections. Back then it was basically a dynamically typed language, since you had to use Object and make unsafe downcasts everywhere. And most C++ code uses memory unsafe features like arrays, so it's not really a good example either.

> There's nothing that types can do that tests cannot do.

Uh, types can show the absence of a certain class of errors in your program. Tests cannot; at best, they can show the presence of a bug, but only when you suspect that such a bug may be present, and proceed to write a specific test for it.

> Is agility more important than reliability?

If it is, you need refactoring. Types help you refactor with confidence. If you write tests instead, you'll have to refactor (and often rewrite) the tests.

If it isn't, well, then types are designed to give you more reliability. Whether they do or not has unfortunately neither been proven nor disproven. The importance of fixing this is about the only thing I can agree with from this talk.

> Horrendous example of a type in C++

Stop using C++ as the representative for static typing. And stop writing extremely complicated types. It's not how type systems are used by most people.
No, this work was done by the London based CEPR -- which is a bipartisan bank-funded research group for economists, not the leftist CEPR out of Washington, DC. They are completely unrelated.

And the research drew this back to Government health initiatives which would be described as "victim blaming" by American Progressives -- healthy eating education and anti-smoking initiatives.
I do computer algebra so I end up reading math textbooks a lot. Here's my secret: Read 5 different textbooks on the same subject. The first one will introduce names, the second will introduce concepts associated with the names, the third will begin to connect the concepts, the fourth will give you a fair idea about the subject, and the fifth will give you the higher level view so you can use it.

Be aware that this will probably take you two years of effort. But grounding in one area tends to spill over into other areas. But, hey, how could you live a full life without a good grounding in algebraic geometry over finite fields?
> Off Topic: When we discovered Gravitational wave, i wonder and asked how far are we from creating Goldion Crusher, aka Gravity Shockwave Generating Division Tool.

I suspect you know this, but... infinitely far, sorry. :P
Spotify cost $12.99 as an IAP on iOS so yes Apple DOES allow you to pass it of stop spreading FUD.
While I agree with what you say, there is very little of what I consider democracy involved in our media manipulated first past the post system. When the winning side basically backed out of their promises within hours of the result is it really democratic?
Nations: uhm, no.
> Yes, I'm being deliberately inflammatory here. The people I've talked to about climate change post things like this: http://imgur.com/up6yu and ignore the fact that we are genuinely and earnestly pushing for policies that will destroy people's livelihoods.

This is a policy issue, not an energy issue. There is no reason we cannot support those people who can no longer work in industries we must remove support for due to environmental concerns.
Malaysia: 76-yr-old man held for insulting PM Najib Razak on WhatsApp
Tesla's 'Autopilot' Will Make Mistakes. Humans Will Overreact
Ummm... you aren't allowed to have a nuclear powerplant or nuclear anything in the entire country. That's the only law peculiar to NZ that is at the top of my mind.
"You could also make the counterargument that older voters are wiser and have more experience and can make more sound decisions about the future of their country and should therefore have a heavier influence."

Proven to be false with the result of this vote.
There's also Die Eier Von Satan by Tool:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPST2nE0KIo

The lyrics are a german recipe on how to make cookies without eggs....
It depends on how you classify "good for the environment." In terms of biodiversity, if tree farms are replacing old-growth forests, they're terrible for the environment. However, if tree farms are located in places that have long been cleared (such as conventional farm land), they can bring back biodiversity, prevent soil erosion, and most importantly are extremely efficient at carbon capture.

Of course, most of the studies on this are sponsored by the paper industry, and it's really difficult to get unbiased information on the subject.
What people are worried about is artificial systems that are of higher capability than all or the vast majority of humans. If the principal agent problem is solved by those that create them and they can be cheaply reproduced, then the value of human wages goes below subsistence. This likely isn't a big problem as economic growth rates would be so unimaginably high in this scenario (with doubling times on the order of months) that even significantly less wealth distribution than what occurs today could easily cover a basic income. This is why I'm not nearly as worried about technological unemployment. And as most people have at least some capital, even without redistribution many people would be fine.

If we can't solve the principle agent problem, we will have introduced self-replicating entities with much higher intelligence into our environment. As most possible utility functions require resources to pursue, we will be competing for resources with more intelligent entities. A competition we will lose.

So solving the principal agent problem is a big issue. Comparing human-level AI to markets is like Megafauna saying "We've been competing with other mammals for millions of years, man is only a difference in degree rather than kind. We'll be fine."
I've been through military pilot qualification process and while I feel like my gaming experience helped me with some of the tests, it definitely didn't matter for the vast majority of them. A big chunk of the tests were physical fitness tests like eye exam, hearing test and heart and lung performance test. Fighter pilots have to be always prepared to fly, withstand high G's, be able to fight through injuries and survive in captivity. You can exercise during your training, but you can't train away a congenital heart disease, bad eye-sight, hearing loss, asthma or allergies.

Another big set of tests, as others have mentioned here, was personality related. You have to be able to follow orders and work in a team. You can't be an introvert and you definitely can't crumble under pressure/physical danger. I went through many written and face-to-face tests that seemed to be related to this point.

Finally there were 3D and movement perception tests which one could argue are easier for gamers, intelligence tests, mechanical proficiency tests, and many more I forgot by now. All of these skills can't be easily improved by training and are therefore tested early.
Jailbreak iOS 9.3.3 Pangu 9.3.3 before Taig 2.4.4 Jailbreak
Why would you give proportional representation in the UN when the detracting nations don't give any representation to their citizens?
That still implies an uncomfortable level of authoritarianism. Educated by who, about what, how, to what end? Facts and opinions often don't have much to do with each other.
Erm, Tillich could have chosen a better example: in French you also have isolement and solitude.
From an utilitarian viewpoint, sharing a single, global language is probably useful. but I feel that such a world would likely also suffer from less variety in culture and viewpoints.

Languages tend to accommodate the way of thinking prevalent in the cultures that speak it, and vice versa the language also shapes the speakers. To learn another language as a non-native speaker, especially one that is sufficiently different from your own, you must also learn a different way of looking at the world; something that I think is a useful experience for anyone.

Before reading the article, had you ever considered that there might exist a word describing exactly why cat videos are popular?

In my opinion, no-one should be satisfied with speaking only one language, so long as they have the means to learn another.
How does that sentence acknowledge income inequality as a problem? It just acknowledges it exists, it doesn't make any claim about whether or not it is a problem.
Free market willz it!
Why are there so many off-white comments in this thread? I'm seeing a lot of well reasoned, well sourced arguments and precious little rebuttal to them.
> That's a silly explanation. A smart JIT would be able to take successive Python opcodes and optimise them together as one operation, so how much time it spends interpreting individual instructions has nothing to do with the "speed", in the sense of "current speed" vs "potential speed".

I think you might actually be agreeing with the explanation. The point about big opcodes means that the opportunities to look at a sequence of opcodes (i.e. the Python part) are reduced because you're doing a lot of computation over a relatively small number of opcodes. So the challenge involves optimizing the "guts" of the opcodes and the sequence of "guys" across relatively few opcodes. Their approach to solving this is discussed in the original blog post (https://blog.pyston.org/2016/06/30/baseline-jit-and-inline-c...). This complication happens to make optimizing Python via JIT compilation a tough problem.
Try the Sahara desert. Inhospitable places all across the world meet your criteria. Oh wait, you want a place that's nice to live and has civilization nearby so you can buy food but yet somehow people haven't discovered it yet. Sorry to tell you but we've mapped the entire planet. All the good spots are known. If there are any places that meet your criteria you can be sure that they are staying that way because people know not to ruin a good thing.
That's an interesting take on it. I wonder if there's much history of groups starting out with common languages, then groups separating and the languages evolving separately, either intentionally to demonstrate group membership, or just due to lack of communication between groups, and continuing to differentiate until they're effectively different languages.

I only speak English, but I've heard several different accents on it so strong that they're hard to understand. I wonder if the speakers of these accents find it impossible to understand other strong accents.
The gnu binaries used in this article are the ones included in maboXterm and compiled for windows, nothing related to an abstraction layer between nt kernel and Ubuntu gnu bin builds as mentioned I suppose.
Working great anyway.
This detail doesn't matter. He's still computing a tiny nonzero probability that is only zero in the limit. We came up with other examples of tiny nonzero probabilities that are zero in the limit that can lead to the wrong conclusion, such as saying that 42 doesn't exist.

Feynmann's argument is clumsy and wrong. This kind of approximation is ok for a physicist but it doesn't work for mathematics.
At last count, there were 4,500 people living on the streets of Seattle and King County. It wasn’t always this way

Couldn't this be said about San Francisco, New York, and every other major city? Homelessness is certainly an issue in Seattle, but I would be more interested to look at it holistically and what as a country and world we can do to help solve this problem.
Best Selling Xiaomi Phones in India – ETechTime
The titles are changed to be like the title is in the link. This is to prevent biasing by submitters. Unfortunately, the mods have to be quite ruthless to keep it fair and to avoid adding their own bias.
You have a point but what I was trying to express is the irony of the experiment. To see if animals have empathy we basically torture them and see how they react...

Call it empathy or whatever but I know I suffer under certain situations and can't see why a rat does not. They have 2 eyes and four limbs just like us maybe just a little bit less computing power.
Is that the layer 3 or layer 2 checksum?
Ask HN: My Unibody Macbook comes to end of life with the new macOS
They posted some instructions on how to install it on Macbook 5,1 - although unsupported oficially, works perfect they say. Official version will be released in Autumn.

But I dont know what I'll do in a few months, should I go the trouble and install it or go the trouble with installing and configuring Linux distros on the same hardware. Or buy a new linux laptop?
To make things more complicated I'll want to encrypt my hard drive soon.

Macbook is excellent as a desktop, great trackpad, super drag n drop gestures. I do webdevelopment, dont have much time left for other things.
I remember those days...

The article on the link can be read in the original on page 254 of

https://archive.org/details/80_Micro_1983-12_1001001_US

Page 255 is a single person software company selling $20 applications before "office software" existed.

Page 257 has ads for basically TRS80 GDB debugger for $40, a bible grep command for $50 or $200 sold using an Apple II picture in a TRS-80 magazine (WTF, guys?) and Radio Shack (may god rest their souls) sold computers with tin/lead corrosion connectors and this aftermarket gold connectors could be soldered on. Personally I never needed any of it.

Page 258 talks about the AppleII vs Franklin copyright loss. This was years before the PC Clone era, and AppleII clones were not legal.

Look at the silver bullet on page 262. Some things never change.

On page 264 notice how people have been complaining about display technology and trying to sell a profitable magic solution for roughly 30+ years now. Also check out the prices on page 265.

Check out page 314. My dad bought a floppy drive upgrade from those guys; worked perfectly. Those numbers are not inflation adjusted BTW and thats vaguely what he was paying for the mortgage back in those days.

There's some nice modems on page 316.

Come to think of it, the most interesting artifact of this era was 322 page long computer magazines. Think about that pagecount for a second. It truly was a different era.
The "invisible hand" metaphor used by Adam Smith is not an explanatory mechanism, and if anything is an admission that the specific mechanism isn't understood. In use at the time and earlier, it had the sense of "the invisible hand of Providence" (or God). Though Smith, as Hume, was almost certainly what we'd now call an athiest.

He used the term three times, in three different books: The Theory of Moral Sentiments, then An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, and finally in a book on the history of astronomy. It's clear from context that Smith wasn't embuing markets especially with invisible handedness, but using a common phrase of the age.

The modern invention of this metaphor dates to the 1930s and 1940s, being first used in its modern sense by Paul Samuelson, and latched onto like a desperate child by the budding organs of the Mont Pelerin Society, better known as the von Mises / Hayek / Friedman / Rothbardian variant of Libertarian theology. Its popular significance grew after publishing of Adam Smith's Invisible Hand, a compilation of modern economic fallacies miscast as truths, by Regenry Press, a Libertarian propaganda mill, in 1963. You can trace the evolution of the term via Google's Ngram viewer.

One of the more notable "quotations" from Smith's Wealth of Nations

Economic historian Gavin Kennedy has traced this history in depth, published multiple papers on it, and writes a blog, "Adam Smith's Lost Legacy", which I highly recommend.

(You'll also find some discussion of the false myth that's developed over the term in the very Wikipedia article you've linked.)

https://econjwatch.org/articles/adam-smith-and-the-invisible...

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1781536

https://adamsmithslostlegacy.blogspot.com/

My own recommendation is that people actually read Adam Smith to see what he wrote and meant:
https://www.reddit.com/r/dredmorbius/comments/4cyroa/adam_sm...

More on the Mont Pelerin Society: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Pelerin_Society
Well there you have it. The vocabulary teens use varies from city to city. The vocabularies of (France) French and Canadian French are different to an extent, as are those of (England) English and American English. It seems to me completely obvious that "one language to rule them all" is an absurd idea bound to fail. It will morph and splinter by itself.
This is a known issue in py2. On py2 when running in a multi-core machine it'll run ~1.8x slower (depending on what you are doing) than it'll run in a single-core machine. Python 3.2 ships a new GIL[0] fixing the problem.

[0] http://www.dabeaz.com/python/NewGIL.pdf
SAMSUNG CRUSHED APPLE-Q1 2016 SMARTPHONE SALES
> However, in the case of conspiracy, most individuals find their time wasted.

I like this idea too, or at least it makes me at least a bit sympathetic to people I tend to dismiss. And I suppose, the key word is "most".