skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Sure, you can model imperative steps in a variety of ways using mathematics, but for 99% of mathematics there is a far more direct link to pure functions. In how many branches of mathematics do you see a function that is anything but a mapping between sets (or types, or objects in a category). In terms of using the same kind of processes and intuitions, pure functional programming is much closer to mathematics as done by humans than imperative programming. Even theoretical computer science looks this way outside of particular algorithms being studied.

Not that this is some sort of indictment of imperative programming; it's a much better fit for a lot of different situations. But if you're trying to model something in abstract mathematics, pure or pure-ish function programming is likely to be a better solution. For example, look at the various proof assistants like Coq. Many of them are written in functional languages, and if you look at the code you can see why: the manipulation of formulas and proofs fits very well with an immutable, functional approach.
That is definitely right. For things involving the machine, doing things declaratively is wrong.

Also, thanks for telling about Koka. It sounds very interesting!
Overcast day giving you the blues? I tend to appreciate seeing related tools mentioned. We'd need too many Show HN posts to see them all.
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Not only that, but he's been killing it. Ashton Kutcher's been able to get himself access to some of the next big tech companies include Uber and Airbnb. According to this article[1], he 8.5x a 30 million dollar fund in 6 years (I am aware a lot of the gains are paper gains). But that's still incredibly better compared to the average VC that returns between 1-2x.

[1] http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2016/03/23/...
Can you link to any of the work you've done, or any articles that explore similar ideas? I'm interested in reading more.

We've been using variable rate to tailor nutrient applications for a few years now[0], and have started contracting with a WeedIt to do spot spraying(major reduction in chemical application).

We've definitely discussed "reforming" some of our paddock structures to improve yield, or mitigate weed potential (sowing east-west vs north south). Although if you were going to commit to major production changes like that, you'd probably want to bundle them together. Changing sowing direction would mean restarting CTF, so you'd be best of doing another operation such as deep ripping at the same time.

We've experimented with wetting agents, as we have quite bad non-wetting soil, and the results have been quite good. It's amazing to watch the before and after[1]

Do you think we're going to need a shift in machinery before we can break out of conventional cropping patterns/methods? I'm still somewhat skeptical that a swarm farm type setup would work in our broad-acre situation, but I think a downsizing of machinery (1 * 60m bar -> 3 * 20m bar), could work if they also move to fully autonomous & electric drive. Although, automation for field operations is still quite "simple" compared to the logistics of managing seed/fert refils.

[0] A few example maps - https://hectare.ag/nooka
[1] The effects being discussed here are different, but the video shows the same idea https://twitter.com/ipaddockapps/status/708066704954249216
Yet Another Startup
This seems to violate yc and Paul Graham's general disdain for sarcasm.
Compared to the physics classes or that algorithm class, I put my brain on auto-pilot. Sure, the final was hard but mostly because I didn't have time to write code in a word document, and people who went to the official exam area actually got significantly more time (I took it a few years before you).

Many things were missing from that class, including how to improve performance by ensuring that warp receives the optimal data size, for example by using float4.

I could have learned the same stuff by looking at his MOOC - which is what OP got bored of doing.
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The workers there must have bloody strong hands.
Part and parcel of me writing this post was to speak up about this on behalf of other folks who seemed to have experienced the same exact issue of wasting their own ad money trying to increase visibility through Facebook.

FB makes reaching out to their support a pain in the ass. Since I was somehow able to get in touch with someone, and I collected what I felt was decent evidence that this is happening, and I was actually able to show that evidence to them, I figured it'd be worth putting something online as an additional warning to others not to bother advertising on FB, and, more importantly, speak up and call FB out on this mess.
To paint another viewpoint, Apple initially went all gung ho about privacy and wanted to make not collecting data a big play (and fairly so, full respect to them).

The recent WWDC obviously shows a big shift towards AI and ML applications within the company. Some things are possible on the device, but many neural nets just cannot be served from an iPhone reasonably. Hence, the move towards more data collection. I really wish they give out more information here. Until then, I'm not sure how much they are actually collecting after their realization that they do need the data to do AI well.
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Thanks for the feedback. Noted and updated with a better theme and format :)
> ... didn't see an option to compile to iptables.

did you mean bpf ?
Who knows, maybe one day that will be the reality. They are taking a lot of steps in the right direction towards facilitating development on their platform – In my opinion it doesn't seem too far fetched to believe that one day they might open up their software too.
very nice write-up. if you're interested in this, the next logical step is to look at 'locality-sensitive hashing' and some simple state-of-the-art methods: https://github.com/spotify/annoy
Disclaimer: I don't want to minimize your achievement or be overly critical of the tool you've built. I've used a lot of relational database modeling tools in the past and what you've built looks perfectly capable for the job. But I clicked on your link hoping for something very different and didn't find it. So hopefully others can point me in the right direction if what I am looking for exists.

The crux of my disappointment stems from you having left out a word in the description of your tool. It's a Relational Database Diagramming tool...the Relational aspect of it making it significantly less useful for me. I've worked with Relational databases for close to 30 years and I find that I'm able to design schemas in my head without the need for a tool. On occasion, a tool that's able to reverse engineer a visualization of the model from the schema can be useful in quickly coming up to speed on an existing schema, but even that isn't essential.

Where I think tools would really help me is in designing for non-relational databases. It's a harder problem, since those databases are often schemaless, but that would make a design tool all the more useful, since those designs could act as documentation that's often unnecessary in the relational world where the schema is readily available.

So can anyone point me towards a visual design tool for non-relational databases, document, kv or otherwise?
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Scala is an obvious option as well. I haven't used Scala but it's surely more palatable to Haskellers than plain Java.

Also. There is work underway to enable GHC to compile for the JVM.
Hilarious article. The fact that Silicon Valley VCs can make money out of extremely overpriced companies doesn't make them right. It's just an arrogant read this time. Mr Sam - you should be ashamed.
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> you end up building capability to produce goods and services for which there isn't enough demand to support that capability. It's inefficient.

Ohh, makes sense. Thanks for putting that in a clear way. So, while it's painful, you could say bubbles bursting is healthy...

Whenever I try to say that around friends I come off as malevolent. I'll use your words next time.
They won't have to stop for the same reasons.
As long as there's a way to verify they're really natural. The article mentions synthetic diamonds getting certified and sold as natural ones. Once they become indistinguishable, how could anyone trust a luxury brand to really be what they say? Any shady trader in Africa could have contaminated the supply just as they already do with the Kimberly process.

That's what's most exciting. Maybe natural diamonds will lose all their value because nobody will be able to know if they've even got one or not.
They're from books too. A Trip to Venus and The Time Machine
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Unless you have a system some kind of per-page tag in memory that indicates "should be zero", the CPU still has to write all the zero to RAM. This is limited by memory bandwidth.

On newer Intel CPUs, REP STOSB is highly optimized, but you still have to do the writes.
Seems like they need something like the Digimarc barcode?
I'd like to further add that there has been a spate of large corporates scrambling to cash into the gold rush by creating large funds to invest in startups [1].

[1]: http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/capitaland...
> but for 99% of mathematics there is a far more direct link to pure functions.

But state transitions are pure! Deterministic state machines are nothing more than mathematical functions from one algorithm state to the next, and nondeterministic ones are binary relations! (see this for an overview: http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/s...) Those can then be mathematically manipulated, substituted and what-have-you elegantly and simply. This is how formal verification has been reasoning about programs since the seventies (early on the formalization was a bit more cumbersome, but the concept was as simple).

> For example, look at the various proof assistants like Coq.

For example, look at the specification language (and proof assistant) TLA+. It is far simpler than Coq, just as pure, and requires no more than highschool math.

Coq and other PFP formalizations are built on the core idea of denotational semantics, an approximation which at times only complicates the very simple math of computation, requiring exotic math like category theory.

> the manipulation of formulas and proofs fits very well with an immutable, functional approach.

The manipulation of formulas and proofs fits very well with the imperative approach, only no category theory is required, and core concepts such as simulation/trace-inclusion arise naturally without need for complex embeddings. "PFP math" is what arises after you've decided to use denotational semantics. The most important thing is not to confuse language -- for which PFP has an elegant albeit arcane mathematical formalization -- with the very simple mathematical concepts underlying computation.

PFP is an attempt to apply one specific mathematical formulation to programming languages (other similar, though perhaps less successful attempts are the various process calculi). But it is by no means the natural mathematics of computation. Conflating language with algorithms is a form of deconstructionism: an interesting philosophical concept, but by no means a simple one, and perhaps not the most appropriate one for a science. Short of that, we have the basic, simple core math, and on top of it languages, some espousing various mathematical formalizations, related to the core math in interesting ways, and some less mathematical. But the math of computation isn't created by the language!
So you're telling me you can only tell if it isn't a bubble if the market steadily declines eventually? Also how much should it steadily decline by before we're sure it's not some local decline phenomenon unrelated to the bubble?

Whatever "bubble" means, it should probably only be used as a description of an abrupt crash in retrospect, otherwise we're always in a non-falsifiable bubble state. Saying "We're in a bubble" really just means colloquially "I think this market segment is overvalued", probably not much more than that.
It will come. Once upon a time computers were a lot more expensive than hiring a pool of secretaries to do the same work. The price of lab-grown diamonds embodies the energy, materials, equipment costs and technical knowledge that goes go into their creation. Competition will drive cost reductions in all four of those areas, I predict.
Lack of social safety nets creates unhealthy bias toward preserving jobs that could be automated completely. UBI (universal basic income) actually gives everyone motivation to further automate - the key to freedom. I expect to see more titles about automation and UBI, as I think it is highly crucial.
More than 50% (I think 60% if still the same) of investment money isn't people trading stocks. It's 401k plans and other retirement and investment vehicles.

Those people typically aren't investing in startups
How do you know you are overfitting?

My approach when developing a predictive model has been always to throw the kitchen sink into a stepwise regression and then eliminate parameters based on their F Values. Is there a better way to do variable selection?
the flip side is that bull markets always "climb a wall of worry".

and in the larger market this has been a fairly anemic bull market, there still isn't a whole lot of froth outside of silicon valley.
They talked a bit more about differential privacy in the State of the Union. Basically, they hash the data and add noise. By collecting data from a bunch of people that noise gets averaged out. They also limit the amount of samples (over a relatively short period of time) they can get from a single person so they won't be able to identify them.
Thanks for pointing this out!

Dijkstra, in his "on the cruelty of really teaching computing science" makes a very similar point that people should learn how to reason about programs before learning to program.

This is why dependent types are a great framework to program in. If a program is worth writing, it should at least contain everything the programmer thinks about the program, including the reasoning of why it is the program he wants to write!
If you haven't already, you may wish to review Joel Salatin's work - he's based in the US, does a combination of broadacre and intensive farming, and has written many books. Some could be described as popular, rather than text, book style - I'm sorry I can't provide specific examples that may be appropriate, as I've only read a couple of his books and seen some interviews. He gained a fair bit of fame from featuring in Michael Pollan's 'The Omnivore's Dilemma' a few years back.

Do you use / have you used a Yeomans' plough, and/or investigated keyline? These are well suited to broadacre remediation and improvement (compared to, say, the details around inner zone planning of permaculture). I've seen evidence of these techniques around the Hunter, near Yeomans' original property, and the methods tend to be highly regarded.
It's strange to me that all of the knowledge it took to make a device with this kind of precision was lost for 1400 some odd years. What the hell happened?
It's perfectly safe. Some of the best restaurants in London will stock Irish bog butter.

In fact, there's a whole etiquette already in place. The waiter will bring a sample on warm toast soldiers, each person at the table will taste it and then attempt to guess the age of the butter. The person furthest away from the real age has to pay the bill.

But at 10000 EUR per kilogram, it's not for millennials.
Thanks, I think that the future is wide open and anything can happen down the road. I hope that my work now eventually puts me in a better position to enable such things. :)
Someone trots out Hitler analogy #879274032890, and it's the poster who at least turns it into a laugh who gets downvoted?

Edit: And this post downvoted within seconds. What a fucking joke this place is thanks to assholes abusing their karma. (If I'm going to be downvoted, it may as well be for something real.)
Fair points. Though if Dropbox were significantly better at any of the metrics you enumerate, they would've drummed up the media. And, they'd be in a hurry to go public.
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Uber needing to get into subprime loans in order to service their valuation is a bit of a flag.
I think the panic over automation of cars and trucks is a little premature. At the moment you cannot buy a car or truck that will auto drive. I mean auto drive in the sense of not needing a driver at all. Until you can completely remove the driver then there is no danger to the taxi/trucking industry, it will be only a driver aid in the same way cruise control is a driver aid.

There is a huge gap between Google testing a driverless car, with a person in it for emergencies, and actually seeing hordes of driverless taxis of trucks on our streets.

I can imagine a new trend with bored teenagers. Jump in front of the driverless car or truck and watch it emergency stop. Then run away. Or wait for the news report where all the driverless cars in the city have gone to the same car park because a hacker thought it would be hilarious. Just one truck accident that wipes out a few children and the trucks will be taken off the road. After all, if one truck has the bug then they all do. When a person makes a mistake we don't stop all trucks because we blame the person, when a software version crashes then they all could crash.
Dreams are the new deliverable I suppose. A lot of people have labeled me as charismatic, but in person I am very socially awkward. :)
Zeroing the pages is not nessisarily the bottleneck here, as Windows has a background thread that will zero memory as it is freed. The problem is the initial allocation just sets up the virtual address space without backing those virtual pages with physical pages. Upon accessing the pages for the first time a page fault has to find a physical page to use.

According to MSDN, even when you use MEM_COMMIT: "The function also guarantees that when the caller later initially accesses the memory, the contents will be zero. Actual physical pages are not allocated unless/until the virtual addresses are actually accessed."

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa3...
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Forms in the 3270 protocol go a bit beyond lazy redrawing; AJAX is a (semi-)valid comparison. Effectively, when you "submit" a screen on a 3270, what you're sending back over the connection (before any optimizations) is the same block of characters you were originally sent to render the screen—but with your modifications, appearing exactly in the places you made them. The "addressable locations" allow for both reading and writing—as in, both sending updates from the server to the client (ncurses-like), and the client to the server (AJAX-like "onblur" submission of individual form fields.)

Effectively, the client and server are both keeping a representation of the same terminal character-bufer (like screen(1) or VNC), but instead of sending updates whenever either side changes, updates are explicit. And so most 3270 server software uses the "the client synchronized the buffer to the server" event as the trigger for parsing, validating and persisting the data out of the buffer.

When put that way, it's more like some kind of... REpresentational State Transfer, isn't it?
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Its not really. Most people would get it from the "asian shop", but many "German" supermarkets have a small shelf for "international" stuff like asian noodles, taco shells and russian stuff.
Another option is to install these tools at a separate domain and setup HTTP authorization on a webserver. So automated bots scanning for vulnerable apps will not get even to the login page.
At least now I know why my old iPad 2 becomes unusable on certain websites. Life without an adblocker is really not nice.
The Veritasium videos on my post provide a decent counterpoint to the idea that there's a potential "credibility" upside of having a bunch of fake accounts like your page.

For example, let's say you have a mix of 90% fake likes, and 10% real/organic likes, presumable because they saw your page, saw all of the likes, and thought, "I want to be in on this."

Now, let's say that I post something, and chances are that it's only going to be seen by 100 people. This means that whatever I post will be put in front of 90 garbage accounts and in front of only 10 people who I actually want to target. Unfortunately I can't target based on fake vs. organic accounts.

If I want to increase that 10ppl number, then I'll have to pay more to increase the visibility across the entire population. Let's say I pay $10 to get 200 people to see what I've posted, then 180 fake accounts see it, and only 20 real/organic people see it.

Unsuspecting businesses of any kind, and especially small ones, can't afford to waste money on this kind of mess.
"What the article doesn't mention: Aldi optimizing the speed of their cashiers is nothing new. The northern Aldi ("Aldi Nord") for a long time had three-digit article codes for every product that cashiers had to know by heart--which also meant that they couldn't have more than 1000 different products. In fact, that system was so efficient that they completely switched to bardcodes only in 2002 as they didn't see any advantage before that."

Hmmm ... so you could populate an Oh By Code[1] with your list of grocery codes and just give them that single code, which they could look up and parse ...

Well, provided your grocery list was not longer than 4096 characters...

[1] http://0x.co
Pension funds and others do invest in these large companies, and that money does effect a lot of other people.
I had a thought while driving the other day that an interesting experiment might be to have a government whose only program is UBI.
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No, automating stuff and using technology to protect crop from "the vagaries of nature" (what a ridiculous idea!) will not solve the main problems of modern non sustainable agriculture, namely soil erosion, contamination and monoculture vulnerability.

Despite constant technological progress, agriculture sadly remains one of the top contributors to global warming. Unless the whole concept changes I really don't see how we can avoid a global catastrophe.
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Really, wow I never felt that. I always put them in my bag at the natural speed. The only social pressure I felt was when paying before finishing packing. This lead to the next persons groceries being mixed in with mine and accidentally packing their stuff etc. Now I take my time and finish packing before paying to avoid this issue and it is all good.
> I only wish that they would go ahead and put everything under a free software license, since they're in the business of selling hardware that's coincidentally bundled with their software.

That's never going to happen. Apple sells a 'User Experience' not just hardware - having a complete and mostly closed product is an inevitable consequence of the former - and the number of Linux users that would buy a Macbook isn't a large enough part of the market for them to worry about.

With that said I've had a Macbook Pro and it was pretty much a better piece of hardware (at least as far as build quality) than any other notebook I've used.
Those are the things we have already given the government authority over. What we're talking about here is deciding whether to give it power over the terms of the internet.
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