skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The fastest code possible is determined by the underlying hardware and is ultimately independent of the language you use. The only reasons that you would not attain this speed limit are that you are either not aware of the best machine specific implementation, that you don't know how to express it in a given language or that a given language does not allow expressing it.

Chances are good that even really good developers are not aware of the best implementation because it might depend on pipeline latencies, constraints on which instructions can execute in parallel and so forth. That is what compilers are good at and I don't think there is an in principle difference here between C and OCaml.

The other two points are more involved. On the one hand C offers, for example, things like intrinsics and seems generally more apt to control what machine code will get generated as compared to OCaml. On the other hand C is less expressive when it comes to conveying higher level semantics to the compiler to inform its optimization decisions.

So if you are aware of the optimal implementation - which, as mentioned above, you may not be - you are in a good position with C to get (close to) the desired result if you put in the extra effort to express the semantic details. On the other hand OCaml will certainly make it harder or even impossible to express your desired machine specific implementation. But then again the OCaml compiler can use information not (easily) available from C programs to guide its optimization and could come up with a sequence of instructions better than what the developer could think of.

In principle OCaml seems to have an edge over C because of the stronger semantics making it easier for the compiler to find a good implementation possibly beating the human. On the other hand, if the compiler does a bad job and you realize it, then C probably offers you the better tools to force the compiler to honor your will.

To finally answer your question, it seems highly unlikely that there are cases where one could in principle not write a C program as fast or faster than the equivalent OCaml program. On the other hand it seems not so unlikely that a developer might not be aware of what that C code would have to look like.
You can subtract the background, but you can't subtract the noise in the background, which goes as the square root of the number of background counts (typical rule of thumb). So you need low background if you want to detect weak signals above background in a finite amount of time.
See my other comment, there are gradients of trust not simply trusted or trustless.

A simple example why is that 10 MM parties across the world want to coordinate together for a custom contract - this might be challenging depending solely on the current system (coordination cost, different jurisdictions), but there may be benefits to having elements of both systems involved.

Again, this is all speculation - and only time will tell, but I also think it's a debate to be had, rather than suggesting that such a system is worthless if it depends on any real world legal forms.
... And this mail seems fishy.
Since these rent hikes usually occur when a property changes ownership, we should encourage landlords to offer their tenants a first right of refusal to purchase. At least it would prime every tenant's mind that the rental terms might change one day.

I recently told one of my tenants that I'd be selling the property next year and would give her first rights. She now keeps the front yard clean (the city had filed past complaints), she is saving money to prepare, and she has hope. Simply put, she is a better citizen.

People need encouragement to think long term. It is human nature to not consider risks when things haven't been a problem in the past. Nearly everyone now wears a seat belt and a helmet, but a few decades ago even the smartest people didn't bother until they were strongly and repeatedly encouraged to do so.
So now I'm left playing link roulette - maybe we could only allow nyt links for the first 10 days of the month!
"I personally would really hesitate before picking a language that will be hard to hire for to build a business around"

Unfortunately, this is HN so we know you're wrong:

http://www.paulgraham.com/avg.html
You should probably take this up with the phone company's support.
Thanks, what you've said resonates well after @gizmo's second paragraph.
The test files for the parser are available at: https://github.com/apache/tika/tree/master/tika-parsers/src/...
Except the unions will also grow a management structure or a political class, and eventually the two hierarchies get stuck in an uncomfortable stalemate.
Add grep whitelist to your spam filter for some arbitrary extension, e.g. a tld such as '.com'.

This way the address can be some-web-app.somecompany.com@yourdomain.tld, you can whitelist *.com@ (or higher up on the subdomain if necessary).

Not sure if this would maintain the efficiency of your (or any) spam filter, but it does avoid the '+' character.
You would, but coal from deep underground normally isn't. This stuff need not be strong. So you don't need a perfectly pure source of carbon, just one that isn't very radioactive. Old steel was made with carbon from coal. So while using coal isn't perfect, it's at least as good as the old steal.

If you wanted to you could probably centrifuge the carbon to filter out radioactive isotopes.
Author here. A flat amount is more achievable for more people, and it also allows the screencast series to eventually be "finished". I don't want to burn out like Railscasts did.

> I think pitching the benefit of Phoenix instead of pitching the benefit of the screencasts is a mistake.

Thanks for the feedback here. I'll keep that in mind as I continue to work on it.
Looking at the USENIX entry at the bottom of that Wikipedia page, "Spike" states that it was Alternet (UUNet) that connected The World to the internet in 1990. Also in the Slashdot interview he admits in 1989 they still were not on the internet.

In 1989 the only internet connections I was aware of were via universities or government agencies. Maybe The World was offering copies of Usenet or mail forwarding prior to 1990, as were the people behind UUNet, but I would guess they must have first downloaded the bits from a university or government agency.

Can a company provide "internet service" before it is connected to the internet? :)
Minecraft would be one that a few people have heard of...

Many games on Android are also Java based obviously.
I imagine this is why so many game studios choose to use a mix of the two. C or C++ is used to write the engine code, which is kept just as simple as possible and is in charge of doing all the fiddly bits with the hardware. Unless you're on an embedded system with limited resources though (where the size of your code can actually matter) everything else is usually done in some sort of scripting language with its own reasonably fast JIT. This is possibly sub-optimal, but it enables really fast iteration on the parts of the code that need to change and go through rapid test cycles.

Deciding when to spend the energy and resources to optimize that one routine is the result of good benchmarks and code profiling. Identify your bottlenecks, and optimize the hell out of those. For everything else though, you need to ship a product, and the human effort is largely wasted on a less-called routine that makes the character blink every 173rd frame.
No, just open in incognito.
Revisionist History:  Malcolm Gladwell's new podcast show
Gmail doesn't need any config. Add whatever you want to your usual email after a + and it'll just work
Abstract: This paper uses data from the American Mathematics Competitions to examine the rates at which different high schools produce high-achieving math students. There are large differences in the frequency
with which students from seemingly similar schools reach high achievement levels. The distribution of unexplained school effects includes a thick tail of schools that produce many more high-achieving students than is typical. Several additional analyses suggest that the
differences are not primarily due to unobserved differences in student characteristics. The differences are persistent across time, suggesting that differences in the effectiveness of educational programs are not
primarily due to direct peer effects.
For a real world project pick a suitable language that will not only help you to implement whatever you have to implement but also to maintain the project. Also you should be able to find other programmers knowing that language if you need to. Maybe even use the language you already know even if it is not the newest and hottest stuff.

But for private or side projects use whatever enlightens you. Those projects should be fun and it's always good to learn new things on the way. I even think you don't have to learn all new languages in depth but just do a small project and reflect if it is something that gets you somewhere. You probably wont write a big business application in Smalltalk but all that message passing, awesome. Seriously have a look at Smalltalk.
I've seen people recommending this book more recently:
http://haskellbook.com/

I'm not sure I like LYAH as a practical resource: It's silly and might put people at ease, but I wouldn't feel comfortable writing a database or parsing tool or compiler after reading it.

Real World Haskell is better for these, but is a little dated by now.
http://knowledgeofhealth.com/lack-of-vitamin-a-may-be-overlo...
That really sucks. I occupationally get tinnitus. Only thing I found that helps is focusing on relaxing the jaw / facial mussels / something in that area that's hard to describe. It fells like popping your ears, but not quite as much. Which is probably as helpful as telling someone to roll their tongue, but I thought I would put that out there.
Did you have data enabled? Check data usage.
Is it off-topic when its another way to damage the auditory system?

I dont see many "scientists" measuring the damage caused by physical shocks to the body like playing rugby or loud noises which are often well above "health & safety" levels in towns & cities, like sections of the Northern line on the London underground, or using personal music playing devices and so on.

Probably best to consider tinnitus the result of damaged nerves which the brain will attempt to compensate for where possible, just like one's hearing improves at night to compensate for the loss of sight as a natural survival mechanism.
Beware of putting too much into these benchmarks. They are far too simple to say anything about larger systems. In particular, large systems are to a great extent measured in how well they optimize interactions between different modules in the system. Stuff such as link-time-optimization is not going to be shown via the rather simple benchmarks in the shootout.
HRM Dissertation Employee Benefits and Employee Satisfaction
The exact meaning of the statement "C is efficient" is that there is no built-in overhead: no virtual machine, no garbage collector, etc. Incidentally, the same is true for C++, with its mantra "you don't pay for what you don't use", except that there is a caveat: the mindless using of the C++ standard library classes could easily result in a significant overhead - mostly as a consequence of a liberal use of the heap for memory allocation. (But therein also lies an advantage: you could write C++ as if it was Java and still get a better efficiency.)
If you are interested in picking up or dabbling in SML, I recommend checking out the /r/sml wiki [0]. I'll also single out the #sml channel on Freenode as a great place to get help if you get stuck.

[0] https://www.reddit.com/r/sml/wiki/index
Seems like two sides of the same coin. Demand outstripped supply because of the influx of tech workers and foreign investors. If not for that, the city wouldn't need more housing supply.
The Alexander Technique is worth mentioning if people are affected by this. It seems pretty wishy washy when you first read about it (partially due to the inadequacy of our language for talking about the subtle nature of it). Yoga or other methods to improve posture would probably help as well.
But if the trick you are using results in sufficient entropy, it shouldn't matter that the enemy has thought of it too. I'm still a fan of linking common words together as this results in easily-memorized passwords with very high entropy. "Catrunningfishhostagelaptop" is a good password these days. it is easily remember but also difficult to brute force even if you know the trick by which it was constructed.

(And yes, by putting it out there I realize it is now a bad password.)
This Pitch Deck Landed $65M and a $865M Valuation
Yes, but they serve as a reasonable refutation of the specific points made in the article, which focus on small, simple programs.
Yeah, everyone loves to blame zoning, though in practice, developers are only really enthusiastic about building as long as prices are high and rising. When that stops, they walk away. Plus, there's never enough to meet demand: as long as people are moving into the area because there's money to be made there, and money keeps flowing in, there will always be more demand than supply.

And, I would wager that there's a correlation between those who say there should be no limits on building, and those who are unwilling to pay for public infrastructure (schools, roads, transit systems, water and electric supply, etc.) needed to support the increased population.
Can you change the transmission bands to the ISM ones or is it fixed to GSM bands? For a tinkers setup, the frequency shouldn't matter since you may not care about performance? Asking out of curiosity.
Here is the problem, it is possible to match or outperform Fortan in C++. But it is not simple. You need to use specific libraries and templates. Fortran can do this with no effort. If you're writing numeric code it is still the place to go for high performance.
I a doing a large webscraping project as a first in Ruby now. Learning heaps.
The Biggest Problem of the Earth
You could pay.

It is a radical solution, and one I haven't implemented for myself yet. But there are some reasonably serious arguments for it, and it would solve your immediate problem.
But they already have Instagram don't they?
Couldn't I write a bruteforcer that instead of 5 * letters, tried 5 * dictionary words and get your password easily?
The best material I've found on this subject so far is Barbera Oakley's "Learning How to Learn" course (https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn) along with the companion book "A Mind For Numbers".

The two modes they refer to are focussed and diffuse, and the admission that our brains can't do both at the same time. She provides examples and techniques that, while some might find silly, are effective.
It reminds me of early 20th century footage of barnstorming aircraft inventors. Now it's just Boeing and Airbus and precious little in the way of real innovation.
They didnt control for how much ghrelin (the hunger hormone) is circulating which is known to increase intelligence in particular spatial intelligence which can be linked to creativity a naturally occurring survival function.

Afterall if in the wild, if you go hungry you need to innovate and be creative at feeding that belly.

Maybe people should not give some "sciences" so much of what Milgram observed as "obedience to authority" if they choose to not look at all factors which will influence their "scientific" results.
Practice Doesn't Make Perfect
Dumb question ... with coax, do you need an SDR board anymore? I assume not since you can do everything in CPU? Or is there some specialized acceleration you get with Silicon. Complete newb here.
Every major company performs these sorts of "red team" tests and virtually no major company passes with flying colors... so it's not surprising that Palintir has its fair share of issues. What is surprising is that all this stuff leaks out about Palinitr while other companies manage to keep things under tighter wraps.
You don't need a keyboard. Click on the comments link and then click on the link marked "web" at the top of the page in the comments. There is a search link.
True enough. I was just proposing, for a site like HN that is about open discourse between members, that posting content that excludes many of our members is a poor choice.
I think you also find the memory mapped thing in early micros.

http://www.c64-wiki.com/index.php/memory_map

If you wanted to do IO on the C64 for example you manipulated RAM addresses between D000 and DFFF.
> Simply put, she is a better citizen.

Threats of $1000 rent hikes sound like a good way to keep the citizens in line. Well done, landlord.
Its to install conformity and obedience just like school uniforms.
If there is a universal, relatively simple formula for general efficiency, then compilers may be constructed with such algorithm to render certain language more efficient than other. Alas, there is no such thing.

Efficiency, as current situation (before true AI), are always specific. The compiler may implement certain specific optimizations that enable efficiency for certain specific applications -- inline here and there, vectorization for trivial cases, loop unwrapping for some patterns -- but hoping the compiler can work out the true efficiency is naive.

So true efficiency often requires true intelligence. I'll list one example, the famous platform specific linear algebra library blas. It is really efficient but FORTRAN is not the real reason; it is due to the human expert tweaking.

Under the context that real efficiency require human tweaking, there is some advantage of choosing C over most other language, in that C allows more room and more straight forward path for tweaking.

Comparing C against other language (not FORTRAN, which is very much like C), the efficiency of the language is achieved by its compiler doing less rather than doing more. Because the compiler is doing less, it is more straight forward on how to reach efficiency (if the coder sees the efficiency). With C, getting efficiency is programming. In comparison, for some higher level programming languages, efficiency is having faith in the language designers and compiler implementers; and tweaking often requires specific knowledge of the language and compiler. For example, knowing that using higher-order functions can be more efficient than a straight loop -- that is beyond general knowledge of programming.

On this, I would like to differentiate C from C++. C++ language (and compiler) is much more complicated than C and much of its efficiency is tweaked by the compiler. For example the '-O' flag is often not so significant for a C program but it is often day and night kind of different for a C++ program (often -O2 or even -O3 is necessary). For C++, significant portion of efficiency is dependent on the compiler, and as such, requires additional knowledge on the coder, therefore, more difficult to reach the efficiency. Of course theoretically, one can write C in C++; and many use that theory to derive that C++ is as if not more efficient than C. That is not the case in reality. Few can contain themselves in a C subset when writing C++ (if they can, why C++ instead of C?) So in reality, if you are using C++, you almost certainly are not writing C and often the efficiency path is more complicated comparing to C.
Or you could always open NYTimes in incognito mode.

I think NY Times content is frequently good enough that the inconvenience of various methods of getting the content makes it worthwhile.
The Automatic Cross-Platform Build Tool: Xmake v2.0.1 Released
The idea that Zika is somehow worse than the numerous common infections that cause microcephaly and birth defects (cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, chicken pox) is prima facie radiculous. Zika is native to and widespread in Africa which seems to be having no problem increasing its population. Additionally it's been present in Asia for quite a while and although it caused the same problems, maternal immunity basically negates the problem of a fetus catching the disease in utero. Honestly the best thing we could do is to get our children infected and immune.
For a 5 or 10 percent increase, maybe you're right, but an extra $1,000/mo is real money, and probably worth the hassle of finding another tenant.
|I disagree.

Excellent! and I disagree with you, so we disagree. Where does that leave us? Simply as two proponents of free speech... unless... unless we have a smart contract between us, one under which you just drained my Ethereum account of ether. Beyond being a proponent of free speech, that gives me "standing" to become a "litigant", a "plaintiff" against you as "defendant". You would get to tell your side to the judge, just like me.

Here are some exaggerated hypothetical examples where you will agree with me; then hopefully you can see how a judge would look at the present situation with the DAO:

If, buried in TheCodeThatIsLaw that AllPartiesKnewAndAccepted, there is encoded an agreement to deliver narcotics to children, or sell children into slavery, or to provide funding to a terror training cell for children, then it wouldn't matter what TheCodeThatIsLaw says, a court would declare it invalid, NotAContract, NotBinding. Even if we encoded it in language that says "this is the funding part, being non-specific about the activities". That's simply how it works. Period. And you can't write a binding contract to give money away, there's no consideration.

TheCodeThatPurportsToBeLaw must meet standards of its own in order to provide additional binding law, the standards I outlined above, a meeting of the minds, consideration, and reliance. So when it comes to challenging the results of TheCodeThatPurportsToBeLaw, courts will look inside, and they will look for AMeetingOfTheMinds, and they will look at what actually happened, how people behaved, and the court will decide if TheCodeThatPurportsToBeLaw fulfills the requirements that all contracts must fulfill in order to be binding.

My point is not that these contracts are invalid; my point is that these contracts are not free from interpretation by courts, and they are not free from meeting the standards of contracts as seen and interpreted by the courts, and not as seen by one party to the agreement who got what they wanted.

And, by the way, contracts can't contain ponzis. No matter how many signatures, lawyers, notaries, and PhDs in economics are involved in forging the agreement, TheCodeThatIsLaw is not the law if the code contains a ponzi. That's how the law works. I'm talking about US law (we are talking .com here) but other countries of laws use similar methods of determination.
JWT is just a token. It's not some panacea of client-side only authentication. There are a lot of people lamenting the difficulty in performing logout via JWT. I believe people are missing the point. The failing isn't with JWT, it's with the implementation of the session system.

Typically with sessions the client has a session key. The key gets sent to the server where it looks up the session (via. memory, cache, database, whatever). You can create a new session, validate an existing session, or end a session. All using that key. They only difference between JWT and cookies is JWTs aren't automatically sent with every request. You have to explicitly send them. I believe this is a good thing. It avoids some common attack vectors.
How to Minimize Data Wrangling and Maximize Data Intelligence
In Real Life
If you produced the exact same binary the language that was used to produce it would be inconsequential, no?
This post is very fortuitous for me. I've been looking to learn a functional language and I had more or less narrowed my options to Haskell, OCaml and Scala. I liked the breakdown between these languages and the resources.

Can anyone who programs in Haskell or OCaml regularly tell me the current state of standard and third party library support? I'm very attracted to Scala because it has JVM support, which sounds fantastic for overall ecosystem maturity.

That said, I come from a C++ and Python background, so do I need to know Java well before learning Scala?