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I'm not sure. So I'm going to ramble on about myself a bit...

I have a mediocre degree in an unrelated subject (History and Philosophy of Science) from a good school (Cambridge). I learned to program as a child by messing with 8-bit computers.

My first job was very much an apprenticeship, I found a small company that was willing to employ me based on some level of aptitude, a modicum of demonstrable programming ability, and a willingness to work for very little (£12k in 94)

Three years later, I was able to move to a more interesting, still not brilliantly paid (£23k in 97), job at a startup, which was acquired by MS a couple of years later. I spent 14 years at MS, and was a Principal Engineer by the time I left. My experience since then is that there are no doors closed to me.

There are two places where I got lucky, 1) finding a company that was willing to make a bet on me. 2) joining a top tier company through an acquisition.

but with regards to 1, over a 9 month period in 93-94, I applied to over 100 companies, and had three job offers in the end - so it was good luck to find a job based on my resumé at the time, but the jobs were out there

And with regards to 2, not everyone who joined through that acquisition was successful at MS, regardless of education. Some hated the idea of working for MS, others weren't suited to a large corporation, and many other reasons.

Comparing myself with peers, I find that their CS degrees possibly gave them a 3-5 year head start on me, they could go straight to better jobs, but the value of the apprenticeship type job, is that I was already pushing 10000 hours (or equivalent) by the time I was ready for the better job.
Can you elaborate more on that?
The fact it has to go to the US courts is why it's a failure.
The real problem is not a couple of old-timers. I think the
true issue is CEO. It looks like your CEO achieved his level of skills and he doesn't grow with a company. That guys are only result of this. So if you can't change a CEO, just leave this company.
Agreed. I've since seen explanations that OVH modifies Ubuntu which changes the situation hugely.
We detached this subthread from https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11940914 and marked it off-topic, and banned this account for trolling.
Humans generally don't eat apex predators. Herbivores and omnivores are our preferred dietary targets.

And given how much we've made our stamp on the world, the idea that we'd lose 'apex predator' status is nonsensical.
Nice Implementation, Brings back good memories
The CIA spent money giving LSD to elephants. Governments do all sorts of weird things.
They seem to be using efficiency to mean cost efficiency here, which is certainly not intuitive when speaking of a power plant. But the article does explicitly say later on that the amount of power produced per metric ton of fuel will decrease, but a bunch of valuable nanotubes will be produced instead - much more valuable than the power output being lost, at least at today's prices.
<sarcasm>
Next time I see human meat displayed in a store I'll give it a try.
</sarcasm>
That graph is really confusing, is the x axis a progression of processing times from 0 up to ~1000ms? If so then wouldn't it mean that Echo-2-fasthttp has nearly as good requests/second?
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Please stop creating accounts to break the HN guidelines with. That's not ok, regardless of how badly someone else broke the rules.
Maybe they think they can buy him?
The impact is GC is negliable for most workloads. First try it, and if you find problems then profile, and optimize, if needed.

AFAIK the CLR is GC only. You can emulate RAII, but still the GC will run and purge the objects from the heap.

In the CLR allocation is blazing fast: just increment the heap head pointer. You don't have to take care of problems traditional allocators face: find a big enough fitting free hole.
This has a cost: when objects are destroyed, the free memory on the heap becomes fragmented. This needs to be compacted, and this is where the GC pause is needed, as the references for moved objects need to be updated.
Basically the cost of finding a free hole in memory at allocation was moved here.

This was done intentionally, as studies found that most real world applications produce a load where most objects are short lived: this cheap allocation is needed, and a multigenerational GC can take care of them cheaply after destroyed (as for most of the time you only scan and free the youngest generation for unreachable objects, limiting the GC pause time).

The bottom line is: premature optimalization is the root of all evil :D If you need hacks you either chose a bad tool for the problem, or more often there is some problem in your application, maybe even at architecture level.

If you need real-time responses, use non-managed code. You can take advantage of the interop capabilities of the CLR (quite easy and handy, provided you are careful around the corners. Mono had a nice thorough doc on the topic), moving that code to a non-managed part of the application, maybe even running that on a different OS thread (this is just a guess, I have never resorted to this kind of hack), but usually the GC will not pose a great problem.

EDIT:
Also, you can create value types in the CLR (struct in C#), which are always stack allocated. They work like RAII, but only some framework types are such, and there is a rule of thumb that you do not want to create them if they are larger than twice the word size of the processor you are mainly targeting, as the are passed by value, which makes a lot of copying. Also boxing can cause problems, thus they are best use as immutable types, which limits their usefulness for certain scenarios, yet because of autoboxing otherwise serious unexpected behaviours could arise. (If I remember well assigning to an interface typed variable boxes a struct, thus if mutable changes to this variable do not affect the original variable which was assigned.)

On the other hand they can be passed by reference (ref, in, out keywords in C#), which makes them first class citizens, unlike in Java. Also Generics work as expected for them, with no unnecessary boxing taking place.

EDIT 2: some typo cleanup

I suggest reading the great book CLR via C# from Eric Lippert if you are interested.
If that's the case, then why did the sentence I quoted specifically say "energy efficiency"?
Yup this point is critical. There is no loyalty bonus to stick on.
agreed that a large part of "smart" is having a big enough pattern-matching apparatus

think there is more to it than this, especially on the highest ends

think the next biggest impact comes from having a large solid internal mental model of the world, of cause-and-effect, of action-reaction, perhaps two or more separate models, one or more models are "the way it is supposed to work" and one or more models are "the way it might work"

think the next higher level of smart/genius is the purely creative/original/innovative/brainstorming/fount-based: ideas and urges and visions and impulses that arise from somewhere that a purely logical/controlling/categorical mindset can't nail down, and yet, it... happens. and yet we feel it, we experience it, we feel it, we can imagine it. whether it is real or fantastical, possible or impossible.

I'd argue that the very smartest of us all may somehow leverage from all three of these levels
If people were so brave, they'd likely realize how delicious it is :)
Whilst HIV is a retrovirus, the same type used for gene therapy, thus why its a difficult challenge, its interesting to note that in ancient Egypt before the French moved in, fasting was used to treat syphilis amongst other health problems.

Marriage is a religious invention designed to curb the transmission of STD's in the ancient bed hopping world.

Nothing like fear to curtail the activities of the less risk taking members of the public is there?
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A good analogy is the Airline industry. It is on demand just like uber, in transport just like uber, has pilots instead of driver (more expensive of course). Even with loyalty programs only a very small percentage of users lock-in with a single airline.
Random: years ago when I was trying to sort out a messy political question for Django's "localflavor" library which handles local phone/address/ID number/etc. types (the question: should the independent nations under the Compact of Free Association be considered "US states" for purposes of this library, since the US provides their postal service and assigns them "state" codes?), I snuck in an easter egg.

The solution to the political question was to carefully choose a default set of things which would be accepted as "US states", along with sets of constants describing other options you could plug in. One of those, which still lives today as localflavor.us.us_states.OBSOLETE_STATES, lists codes which once were accepted as "states" by the USPS, but no longer are. One of those is, of course, the abbreviation for the Panama Canal Zone ('CZ'). So if you ever need to send mail back in time to the Canal Zone, Django will help you do it.
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You might want to try out SmartOS: one .json file, vmadm(1M) and imgadm(1M) commands later, you'll have a fully isolated UNIX server, running at the speed of bare metal and residing on ZFS, protecting your data. If you need a more complex network setup, dladm(1M) will enable you to configure virtual switches and routers. The manual pages are really good, too. And there is nothing to install, as SmartOS runs from memory, so that all storage in the system can be used for virtual servers. Upgrades are a breeze by just booting into a new image, either from USB or PXE booting from the network.
It was pretty obviously designed to be provocative (i.e. trolling), which is close enough.
Google products seem to often be terrible for your battery. Even on firefox, having google docs or gmail or whatever open sets of that damned google talk plugin that devours my battery. So much of android too, from what I remember. Seems like they make awesome products, but without any regard for efficiency.
Run, don't walk, towards the exit. Hang around for exactly as long as it takes you to find a soft landing. Or quit this second if your finances and reputation support that.
Unlikely. Plenty of independent games are very popular on steam. This is more because they are good than because they require high performance.
Huh. I'm a 2nd year undergrad atm, and came across an instance of the nurse scheduling problem at my on-campus job. I did some research and delved into evolutionary computation, eventually deciding on genetic algorithms to solve my schedule problem. (I'm using a self-adapted version of NSGA II)

Anyways, all my research has gotten me very interested in all the topics you mentioned, also neuroevolution. I actually brought up neuroevolution and optimization problems to my professor to get his insight, but he wasn't able to help me out much.

I keep finding that people state computational intelligence was all the rage about 10 years ago, and can't find much work on what is going on with it now. Can you provide me with some more info in the field?
Red herring :) I know I can't know what it's like to be a bat, but maybe suffering in fish can be demonstrated via FMRI. Perhaps it has been but this article doesn't mention it. Just because something shows avoidance behaviour against a chemical gradient doesn't follow that it suffers.
I pay less than $3000 actually and see similar listings
> This is actually very hard to replicate for new entrants.

I've seen many drivers running both lyft and uber at the same time. A third company comes along that pays drivers better? Why not keep all three apps up. There's no cost to running an additional app. Literally none at all. And if it pays slightly better, or has a fairer reputation system...

The same thing works on the rider side as well. If you've got an app (like what's the fair) that can let you query any number of providers and get the cheapest price, maybe you're happy to wait a few minutes to save money.
It is confusing. They meant the benchmark used a 500ms "workload" (sleep) per request handler -- x isn't really an axis.
On this companies using less mainstream languages like Swift, Go, F#, Haskell, OCaml isn't an issue because the communities don't depend on having nightlies installed.
> why not just pull the electricity off the grid and convert methane/CO2/coal/oil straight into nanotubes for less cost and complexity?

The power plant also produces waste heat which presumably is useful for the reaction. So a combined plant that produces electricity and CNTs with zero carbon emissions is likely more efficient than using electricity to a) heat the whole thing b) pull CO2 out of the air c) run electrolysis.
And did you produce OS packages for any of that configuration work, or did you just end up dumping a bunch of files into the "image"?
I too continue to visit HN in part because its one of the rare places that feeds my smart side and inspires/stimulates/satisfies that aspect of my existence. At the same time I've repeatedly come close to abandoning HN entirely because of another aspect interwoven seemingly equally with the first thing, which might be described as a kind of smart-idiocy, different flavors of it, whether recursive irrelevant descents into subjective trivial minutia, or points-scoring one-upmanship in the field of PC-ness, the occasional pro-VC/pro-startup propaganda, or merely the blatant uncharitable assumptions about the intelligence/knowledge of the other party, or the increasing cases of "you want to learn more about 'foo', really? Gosh golly, let me Google that term for you, here are my top 5 results, and I suggest you learn about Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube, Khan Academy, etc.", or the thinly-disguised self-promotional posts/comments (humble-bragging, etc).

Summary: there is gold here, utter gold. There is also shit, reeking shit. Make your choice, choose your focus, then tune your dial.
You seem to be asking how people can so publicly be hypocrites. The fact is that they're not all stupid. They're mostly scared[1][2][3], but some are paid off by lobbyists[4]. (I'm not even sure how we would define stupid. Being stubbornly ideological doesn't always mean someone is smarter, since pragmatism requires compromise and therefore hypocrisy.)

Conservatives in the US think that they're safer if gun ownership increases or that they're safer if they carry a gun or both. They also think they're safer if we sacrifice some freedom in order to protect us from "suspected" "terrorists".

I personally think it's a terrible tradeoff most of the time and leads to tyranny, but I still wouldn't call it stupid.

1. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-human-beast/201104/...

2. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/11/18/wh...

3. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/calling-truce-poli...

4. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-nras-true-believ...
If you don't sell any copies, you usually don't owe the advance back; it's yours to keep and the label eats the cost. It's not a salary but it has a somewhat similar effect and I stand by my point. Nevertheless, I was wrong and I do stand corrected.
Out of curiosity do you have any sources that show Republicans as being any more or less anti-encryption than Democrats? The most recent push (for Apple to backdoor iPhones) came from the FBI, and from a fairly left-leaning Justice Department and AG.

Not trying to make this a who-is-worse sort of thing, and I've seen a few articles in sites like Gizmodo, but given how often the mass media is wrong on... well, pretty much everything, it would be nice to have a better source.
It's a bit more complex than that - the complexity of animals is a sliding scale. I'm not trying to convince you to change your diet, but be aware that even for vegans, animals are killed on an industrial scale for their food (just fewer of them than for an omnivorous diet). Growing vegetables and grains uses all sorts of ways to kill vermin and insects. Is there a difference between killing a vole in the field, and killing a vole to put on your plate, as far as the vole is concerned? Most people would rate insects as easily being worth less than a dog, but vermin like voles or mice are mammals, and it's harder to make a clear distinction there.

It's just not possible to feed the number of humans we have without killing lots of animals, even on a vegan diet, as it requires industrialised agriculture. This being said, there are still arguments for overall minimisation and/or for more humane treatment of 'meat animals'. You will be killing fewer animals with a vegetarian/vegan diet, but there's still 'industrialised slaughter of animals' going on.

Edit: in the occasional case, industrialisation can actually help animals. For example, in the sugar industry, they used to burn off cane fields in order to burn all the vermin to death, so workers would be safe to harvest. These days with modern industrial machines, one guy sitting in a harvester doesn't need to be protected from snakes and similar, so there's no need for burn-off. If you want to minimise your animal harm footprint, investigate where your sugar comes from as well...
This is called intuition and not analysis.
> you can create value types in the CLR (struct in C#), which are always stack allocated

"always stack allocated" for certain values of "always" [1].

[1] https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ericlippert/2010/09/30/the-...
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they would be used to reinforce concrete, plastics and whatever you could think of. as long as they're bound into the material in a way that's not easily released into the air or ground we should be fine.
They're not stupid, they just have different goals than what you are tacitly assuming. You are assuming that they are employing logic and reason to fashion sound public policy, but that is not what they are doing at all. What they are doing is using marketing and salesmanship to appeal to the constituencies and donors that get them re-elected. (And they are manifestly doing it quite well.)
>I started taking online IQ tests.

Not at all the same as a real IQ test. A real test will be much broader and (imo) more interesting
The .Net runtime already provides you the tools to implement RAII. The library exposes this functionality canonically with `IDisposable` [1] When you're done with your object, you call `obj.Dispose()` on it.

Your language could automatically derive `IDisposable` (or any similar interface) in the same way for every type, and insert calls to `this.Dispose()` based on scope.

Of course the .Net library itself requires GC. You can't change that.

[1] https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms244737.aspx
"poses significant affordability risks" - this is my new favorite euphemism for "bloody expensive".
#5 and #7 are great, I too don't like the anti-intellectualism a lot of degree seekers seem to have. But the typical tuition these days is a large price to pay for intellectualism. I paid a high price for my CE degree, which I entered into in large amount for the intellectual curiosity of understanding hardware, knowing full well I'd probably end up in some web dev software engineering job afterwards (that pays better anyway) since I already had prior experience with that, and in any case as long as I had some job in the tech industry I'd be making enough that student debt wouldn't cripple me.

I would only encourage people to make the choice based on a sober calculation of expected costs (including opportunity costs) and gains rather than because "it's the thing to do". Before I went to my school of choice I planned out the course sequence for my entire time there -- of course it ended up being different but not hugely so. Unexpected things will come up (#1 and #2 should have been learned by high school, what I didn't expect was that for me continuing the related path of "shut up and get BS work done" through college would result in burning out my tolerance for BS work in general and it's taken a long time to build that back up enough that I can perform ok in enterprisey roles) but that in itself is a useful thing to learn. If past me had future me as a mentor, I'd encourage past me to skip school and satiate his curiosity more directly, but not everyone has access to a mentor.
Doesn't Chrome already do that Javascript timer slow down for background tabs?
you are totally right. My big gripe is that humans on the whole could give a fuck.

What I do ask though is... what makes you think human diet at scale requires by its very nature, a non vegan diet?
First of all, Unicode doesn't define characters it defines codepoints.

I get that this might seem pedantic, but it's important to be pedantic about this, otherwise misconceptions and ambiguities occur e.g. 'just use wide characters' - the definition of which changes depending on the platform.

Second of all, "wide enough" for all intents and purposes means 32 bits. Technically Unicode only needs 21 bits to cover the currently defined codespace, but computers don't deal well with that and so 32bits is the minimum "wide enough" character size.

This creates a lot of wasted space and memory, not to mention pushes medium length strings across cache line boundaries for very little benefit - the ability to directly index/slice strings without accidentally corrupting data.

Now obviously you want to avoid accidentally corrupting data, the tradeoff comes down to whether you need direct, arbitrary indexing, or if it's worth doing some processing to determine the correct place to split in order to make space gains.

The technical world has come down overwhelmingly in favour of the latter, and that's why you see hardly anyone using utf-32. It's simply not as good a solution for most real world concerns.
The ratio of plutonium needed to seed and convert thorium into fissionable uranium-233 is very high (4:5)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium-based_nuclear_power
The essence of modern ethics is not to do to others what they'd do to you - it's not doing to others what you wouldn't want to be done to you.

Unfortunately, I see this kind of reasoning applied often also to relations among peoples: "in their country they wouldn't allow you to, so ..." and even "if it were for them, they'd kill us, so...". This is wrong.
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Since people are still figuring out what makes good VR and good paradigms for programming with VR, I think it'd be likely that any design by committee API would be a disaster
The price for nanotubes will quickly drop:
> Using the new method, the researchers estimate that it would cost just $2,000/ton to produce
.. so at .75tons, it would still generate double the revenue from CNTs than from electricity. But still revenue is 1/3 energy and 2/3 CNT so it's still significantly a power plant.
"The greater the diversity in a community, the fewer people vote and the less they volunteer, the less they give to charity and work on community projects; In the most diverse communities, neighbours trust one another about half as much as they do in the most homogeneous settings."

http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2007/08/05/t...
Hitler also claimed the Jews were in Germany illegally.
I'm not challenging Satoshi's rights. Only stating that with so much riding on those early coins, its natural that stakeholders would prefer a bit less mystery.

All things equal, Satoshi's input isn't more or less valuable in the technology debates, but the community has given Satoshi messiah-like status.
> You should _not_ be changing the way you handle storage just because you are in a container.

You mean exactly like zones handle it inside of SmartOS (;-))

The ZFS storage pool is abstracted away from the zone the virtual server runs on, and since it is persistent, it's completely out of the way, JustWorks(SM).
If we control their every move, is there even such a thing as a natural cause?